JP3016574B2 - Precast concrete septic tank - Google Patents
Precast concrete septic tankInfo
- Publication number
- JP3016574B2 JP3016574B2 JP2149464A JP14946490A JP3016574B2 JP 3016574 B2 JP3016574 B2 JP 3016574B2 JP 2149464 A JP2149464 A JP 2149464A JP 14946490 A JP14946490 A JP 14946490A JP 3016574 B2 JP3016574 B2 JP 3016574B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- septic tank
- precast concrete
- shaped
- tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Description
本発明は、浄化槽の躯体に関するものであって、使用
部材の殆どを予め工場生産(プレキャスト化)し、施工
現場で組立てることを特徴とするものである。The present invention relates to a body of a septic tank, and is characterized in that most of the members to be used are factory-produced (precast) in advance and assembled at a construction site.
浄化槽の躯体には従来よりFRP製と現場打コンクリー
ト製とがある。使用可能人数、即ち人槽の少ないものに
はFRP製を、人槽が多いものには現場打コンクリート製
をそれぞれ規模に応じて用いている。 しかし、FRP製のものは薄くて軽いため、荷重に対し
て破損しやすく(局所的破壊)、浮力に対しても弱い難
点がある。現場打コンクリート製の場合、工期が長く部
材の品質が一定していないので、断面が厚くなり、更
に、不要な部分までもコンクリートが使用されて不経済
であった。 そこで、予め工場生産ができ、かつ、設置現場まで輸
送可能な部材の組付けによるプレキャストコンクリート
製浄化槽を開発し、特願平1−213910号において提案し
ている。その構造は、コンクリート製のL形又は逆T形
の壁面部材と、処理槽間の平板状仕切り部材と、沈澱槽
を形成するろ斗状部材と、蓋板とからなり、前記壁面部
材の複数枚の突合せにより形成された空間内に仕切り部
材によって原水槽、流量調整槽、沈澱分離槽、曝気槽、
沈澱槽等の処理槽を形成すると共に、沈澱槽をその底部
へ前記ろ斗状部材を設けて形成し、各部材の突合せ接合
部に止水シールを施したものである。There are two types of septic tanks: FRP and cast-in-place concrete. The number of available people, that is, FRP is used for those with few human tanks, and cast-in-place concrete is used for those with many human tanks according to the scale. However, those made of FRP are thin and light, so they are easily damaged by load (local destruction) and weak in buoyancy. In the case of cast-in-place concrete, since the construction period is long and the quality of the members is not constant, the cross-section becomes thick, and even unnecessary parts are used, which is uneconomical. In view of this, a precast concrete septic tank has been developed by assembling members that can be factory-produced and transported to the installation site in advance, and proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-213910. The structure is composed of a concrete L-shaped or inverted T-shaped wall member, a plate-shaped partition member between treatment tanks, a funnel-shaped member forming a settling tank, and a lid plate. A raw water tank, a flow control tank, a sedimentation separation tank, an aeration tank,
A treatment tank such as a settling tank is formed, and the settling tank is formed by providing the funnel-shaped member at the bottom thereof, and a butt-joining portion of each member is provided with a water-blocking seal.
本発明は、更にこのようなプレキャストコンクリート
製浄化槽について検討を加え、組付けの容易さ、簡略
化、迅速化等の施工性を改良し、加えて耐久性の良い高
強度な構造を提供しようとするものである。The present invention further examines such a precast concrete septic tank, improves the workability such as easy assembling, simplification, and speeding up, and aims to provide a highly durable and high-strength structure. Is what you do.
そのために、本発明では、コンクリート製壁面部材
(1)と仕切り部材(2)等により形成されるプレキャ
ストコンクリート製浄化槽において、前記壁面部材
(1)の複数枚の突合せにより内部へ密閉空間を形成す
るに際して、各壁面部材(1)へ鋼材挿通孔(30)を設
け、複数の壁面部材(1)の鋼材挿通孔(30)に共通の
締付鋼材(31)を挿通して拘束することとしたのであ
る。 ここにいう締付鋼材(31)とは、端部にねじ部を有す
るPC鋼材、PC鋼棒材、PC鋼撚り線等であって、少なくと
も壁面部材(1)間に隙間が生じない程度に壁面間を拘
束維持し、かつ、壁面全体が内外圧に耐えられる程度以
上に拘束することが可能な強度を有するものをいう。そ
のための態様としては、複数の壁面部材(1)の鋼材挿
通孔(30)に挿通されたPC鋼材端部のねじを締結すると
か、同様に挿通されたPC棒材端部をコッタ方式のオス・
メスコーンで固定するとか、更には、撚り線を鋼材挿通
孔(30)に挿通して端部を同様にオス・メスコーン等の
適当な締結手段で締付けるなどである。 仕切り部材(2)としては、前記従来提案のもの以外
に、断面T字ブロック(2b)、十字型ブロック(2c)、
及び、逆T字状の中仕切壁ブロック(2d)であって、突
合せ接合部(7)へフランジ継手(8)を埋設した構造
のものを新規に開発した。For this purpose, in the present invention, in a precast concrete septic tank formed by a concrete wall member (1) and a partition member (2), a closed space is formed internally by abutting a plurality of the wall members (1). At this time, a steel material insertion hole (30) is provided in each wall member (1), and a common fastening steel material (31) is inserted into the steel material insertion holes (30) of the plurality of wall members (1) and restrained. It is. The fastening steel material (31) as used herein means a PC steel material having a threaded portion at an end, a PC steel rod, a PC steel stranded wire, or the like, at least to such an extent that no gap is formed between the wall members (1). A material having a strength capable of maintaining a constraint between wall surfaces and restricting the entire wall surface to an extent capable of withstanding internal and external pressures. As a mode for this, a screw at the end of the PC steel material inserted into the steel material insertion hole (30) of the plurality of wall members (1) is fastened, or the end of the PC bar material similarly inserted is connected to a cotter male.・
It is fixed by a female cone, or furthermore, a stranded wire is inserted into the steel material insertion hole (30), and the end is similarly fastened by a suitable fastening means such as a male / female cone. As the partition member (2), in addition to the above-described conventional ones, a T-shaped block (2b), a cross-shaped block (2c),
In addition, an inverted T-shaped partition wall block (2d) having a structure in which a flange joint (8) is embedded in a butt joint (7) has been newly developed.
このようなプレキャストコンクリート製浄化槽は、設
置現場で型枠組みを必要としないで、予め成形された壁
面部材(1)、仕切り部材(2)、ろ斗状部材(3)、
天板(4)等を必要部位へ組付けて結合するだけで浄化
層の躯体が出来上がる点は前記特願平1−213910号と同
様であるが、特に、浄化層躯体内に空間を形成する壁面
の形成が、複数の壁面部材(1)を立てかけて、共通の
締付鋼材(31)を複数の鋼材挿通孔(30)に挿通して端
部ねじにより締結するだけで拘束され、はらみ出しや不
等沈下を防止することができると共に、従来の隣り合う
壁面部材(1)同志を順次締付ける煩雑な方式と比べて
大幅な作業量の低減ができる。 仕切り部材(2)が断面T字ブロック(2b)、十字型
ブロック(2b)、あるいは底版と起立壁とからなる逆T
字状中仕切壁ブロック(2d)からなり、突合せ接合部
(7)へフランジ継手(8)を埋設した構造は、本発明
のプレキャストコンクリート製浄化槽の組立てを簡便な
ものとする。また、構造上強度メンバーとなる。特に、
各接合される部材の突合せ接合部(7)へフランジ継手
(8)を埋設した構造であると、このフランジ継手
(8)を利用してボルトナット等により部材間を接合す
ると、不等沈下等を防止することができる。Such a precast concrete septic tank does not require a formwork at the installation site, and a preformed wall member (1), a partition member (2), a funnel-shaped member (3),
The point that the body of the purification layer is completed just by assembling the top plate (4) or the like to the required portion and joining the same is similar to the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application No. 1-213910, but in particular, forms a space in the body of the purification layer. The formation of the wall surface is restrained only by leaning the plurality of wall members (1), inserting the common fastening steel material (31) into the plurality of steel material insertion holes (30), and fastening with the end screws. And uneven settlement can be prevented, and the amount of work can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional complicated method of sequentially tightening adjacent wall members (1). The partition member (2) has a T-shaped block (2b), a cross-shaped block (2b), or an inverted T composed of a bottom plate and an upright wall.
The structure in which the flange joint (8) is buried in the butt joint (7) is composed of a letter-shaped middle partition block (2d), and makes it easy to assemble the precast concrete septic tank of the present invention. In addition, it becomes a structural strength member. In particular,
When the flange joint (8) is buried in the butt joint (7) of the members to be joined, if the members are joined with bolt nuts or the like using the flange joint (8), uneven settlement, etc. Can be prevented.
以下図面によって本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。 第1図は本発明の第1実施例のプレキャストコンクリ
ート製浄化槽の蓋板を取除いた場合の平面図である。第
2図は本発明のプレキャストコンクリート製浄化槽の斜
視図であり、第3図は第2図中A−A断面斜視図であ
る。 例示したプレキャストコンクリート製浄化槽は、65〜
130人槽(13〜26m3/日)と比較的小規模のものの場合で
あるが、本発明の構造によると内部の仕様や規模を要求
に合致した他のものとすることもできる。この実施例で
は、浄化槽躯体の四方の壁面をプレキャストコンクリー
ト製の逆T形の壁面部材(1)で形成している。躯体の
側面は多数の逆T形壁面部材(1)と鉤状コーナー部材
(24)とからなり、上部には蓋掛け段部(19)が設けら
れている。浄化槽の底面(23)は現場打ちコンクリート
によってこの例では形成している。浄化槽が小容積の場
合にはプレキャストコンクリート部材のみで底面を構成
することもできる。 躯体の側面の多数の逆T形壁面部材(1)と鉤状コー
ナー部材(24)とは一連に連結されて側壁を形成してい
る。そのために、各壁面部材(1)およびコーナー部材
(24)には鋼材挿通孔(30)が設けられ、一部箱抜き部
(25)が設けられており、これら複数の壁面部材(1)
を並べて連通した鋼材挿通孔(30)に端部へねじ部を有
するPC鋼材を挿通して、箱抜き部(25)へ露出した端部
ねじをねじ締めすることにより拘束している。なお、壁
面部材(1)のうちでも、内部で仕切り部材(2)が接
するものは、第5図に示したような断面T字型の壁面部
材(1)を用いると、施工が楽である。 第4図はPC鋼材のねじ締めの代わりに、締付鋼材(3
1)として撚り線を挿通し、その端部にまず中央に通し
穴のあるアンカープレート(26)を挿通して箱抜き部
(25)の側面へ宛がい、次に内部にテーパ穴のあるメス
コーン(27)を撚り線端部へ外挿し、更にメスコーン
(27)と締付鋼材(31)との間へテーパ状のオスコーン
(28)をコッタのように強制的に挿入して締付けた構造
を示している。 浄化槽の内部は複数の処理槽からなるが、処理槽間を
広い部分は平板状仕切り部材(2a)で仕切る。この仕切
りが狭い部分には第6〜8図に示したような仕切り部材
(2b〜2d)を用いると都合がよい。第1図の例では第二
沈澱分離槽(11b)に隣接して2個の接触曝気槽(12a)
(12b)が設けられているが、このように三方の仕切り
壁が接する部分には、第6図にみられる断面T字ブロッ
ク(2b)が用いられる。また、4個の接触曝気槽の中央
のように十字に仕切り壁が接する部分には第7図の十字
型ブロック(2c)が用いられる。更に、平板状仕切り部
材(2a)同志の2方向接続や、T字または十字状ブロッ
クの一方と平板状仕切り部材との接続のように仕切り壁
平面を形成するためには、第8図に示した底版と起立壁
とからなる逆T字状中仕切壁ブロック(2d)を介在させ
ると組立が容易になる。 四方と底面及び内部の仕切りをこのようにそれぞれの
プレキャストコンクリート部材で形成し、その上面には
蓋板(4)が載せられる。蓋板(4)は矩形のコンクリ
ート製板体へマンホール穴(10a)や矩形の観察穴(10
b)を設けている。 躯体の内部は前記壁面部材(1)の複数枚の突合せに
より形成された空間内に仕切り部材(2)によって原水
槽、流量調整槽、沈澱分離槽、曝気槽、沈澱槽等の処理
槽等が形成される。この例では両側の壁面部材(1)は
L形のものが用いられている。内部は左方より第一沈澱
分離槽(11a)、第二沈澱分離槽(11b)、接触曝気槽
(12a)(12b)、沈澱槽(5)、消泡ポンプ槽(14)、
消毒槽(15)、放流ポンプ槽(16)となっている。沈澱
槽(5)はその底部へろ斗状部材(3)を設けて形成し
ている。従って浄化槽底部とこのろ斗状部材(3)との
間は空洞のままで機能を果たすことができる。 本発明は各部材がプレキャストコンクリート製である
から、各部材の突合せ接合部(7)に止水シール(6)
を施す。接合相手の壁面部材(1)に予め設けられてい
る目地用溝へ、水に触れると膨潤する性質の膨潤ゴムを
貼付けると共に、壁面部材間へゴム製止水パッキンを貼
付け、その後上記締付鋼材(31)を挿入して締結する。
浄化槽躯体の施工組立が完了した後に、外側にはコーキ
ング目地、内側には無収縮モルタルにより目地止めを行
う。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a precast concrete septic tank according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a cover plate is removed. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a precast concrete septic tank of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a sectional perspective view taken along line AA in FIG. The illustrated precast concrete septic tank is 65-
This is a case of a relatively small tank having a capacity of 130 tanks (13 to 26 m 3 / day). However, according to the structure of the present invention, the internal specifications and the scale can be made other than those required. In this embodiment, four wall surfaces of the septic tank body are formed of an inverted T-shaped wall member (1) made of precast concrete. The side surface of the frame is composed of a large number of inverted T-shaped wall members (1) and hook-shaped corner members (24), and a lid hanging step (19) is provided at the upper part. The bottom (23) of the septic tank is formed of cast-in-place concrete in this example. When the septic tank has a small volume, the bottom surface can be constituted only by the precast concrete member. A number of inverted T-shaped wall members (1) on the side surfaces of the skeleton and the hook-shaped corner members (24) are connected in series to form a side wall. For this purpose, a steel material insertion hole (30) is provided in each wall member (1) and the corner member (24), and a box emptying part (25) is provided.
A PC steel material having a threaded portion is inserted into the steel material insertion hole (30), which is arranged and communicated, and an end screw exposed to the box emptying portion (25) is restrained by screwing. In the wall member (1), the partition member (2) that is in contact with the inside can be easily constructed by using a wall member (1) having a T-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. . Fig. 4 shows that instead of screwing PC steel, tightening steel (3
Insert a stranded wire as 1), first insert an anchor plate (26) with a through hole in the center at the end, and address it to the side of the box emptying part (25), then a female cone with a tapered hole inside (27) is extrapolated to the end of the twisted wire, and a tapered male cone (28) is forcibly inserted like a cotter between the female cone (27) and the tightening steel (31). Is shown. The inside of the septic tank is composed of a plurality of processing tanks, and a wide portion between the processing tanks is partitioned by the flat partition member (2a). It is convenient to use a partition member (2b to 2d) as shown in FIGS. In the example of FIG. 1, two contact aeration tanks (12a) are adjacent to the second precipitation separation tank (11b).
(12b) is provided, and a T-shaped cross-section (2b) shown in FIG. 6 is used in a portion where the three partition walls come into contact with each other. A cross-shaped block (2c) shown in FIG. 7 is used in a portion where the partition wall is in contact with the cross, such as the center of the four contact aeration tanks. Further, in order to form a partition wall plane such as a two-way connection between the flat partition members (2a) or a connection between one of the T-shaped or cross-shaped blocks and the flat partition member, FIG. If an inverted T-shaped partition wall block (2d) consisting of a bottom plate and an upright wall is interposed, assembly becomes easy. The four sides, the bottom surface and the inner partition are thus formed by the respective precast concrete members, and the lid plate (4) is placed on the upper surface thereof. The cover plate (4) is inserted into a rectangular concrete plate by manhole holes (10a) or rectangular observation holes (10
b) is provided. The inside of the skeleton is provided with a partition member (2) in a space formed by abutting a plurality of the wall members (1) to form a processing tank such as a raw water tank, a flow control tank, a sedimentation separation tank, an aeration tank, and a sedimentation tank. It is formed. In this example, L-shaped wall members (1) are used on both sides. From the left, the first sedimentation separation tank (11a), the second sedimentation separation tank (11b), the contact aeration tanks (12a) (12b), the sedimentation tank (5), the defoaming pump tank (14),
Disinfection tank (15) and discharge pump tank (16). The settling tank (5) is formed by providing a funnel-shaped member (3) to the bottom thereof. Therefore, the space between the bottom of the septic tank and the funnel-shaped member (3) can function as a hollow. In the present invention, since each member is made of precast concrete, a water-stop seal (6) is provided at the butt joint (7) of each member.
Is applied. Swelling rubber having the property of swelling when it comes into contact with water is stuck to the joint groove provided in the wall member (1) of the joining partner in advance, and rubber waterproof packing is stuck between the wall members, and then the above tightening is performed. Insert the steel material (31) and fasten.
After the construction and assembling of the septic tank body is completed, jointing is performed with caulking joints on the outside and non-shrink mortar on the inside.
以上のように浄化槽の躯体を複数の部材としてプレキ
ャスト化することによる効果は、現場打コンクリート
に比べて大幅に工期の短縮ができ、品質が良いから断
面積を小さく(厚みを薄く)することができ、経済的
である。部材の組合せ方によって場所に応じた設計が
できる。FRP製に比べて剛性があり、重量もあるので
荷重に対して強く、浮力に対しても抵抗力がある。組
付け接合構造であっても、結合部には膨潤ゴムや止水コ
ーキング等の止水シールを施すので、完全止水ができ
る。更に、締付鋼材を挿通して拘束することにより、
壁断面に圧縮力(プレストレス)が与えられ完全一体化
が図られる。また、土圧、水圧等による変形にも対応で
きるようになった。更に、当然の効果として止水性も抜
群の性能を有するものとなった。加えて、T字、十字
等のブロックを使用することにより、その部分からの水
漏れや土圧、水圧等による部材間のずれが皆無となっ
た。As described above, the effect of pre-casting the septic tank body as a plurality of members is that the construction period can be significantly shortened compared to cast-in-place concrete, and the cross-sectional area can be reduced (thickness) because of good quality. Can and is economical. The design according to the place can be performed by combining the members. Compared to FRP, it is rigid and heavy, so it is strong against loads and resistant to buoyancy. Even in the case of an assembly connection structure, a watertight seal such as swelling rubber or waterstop caulking is applied to the joint, so that complete waterstop can be achieved. Furthermore, by inserting and tightening the fastening steel,
A compressive force (prestress) is applied to the wall cross section to achieve complete integration. In addition, it is possible to cope with deformation due to earth pressure, water pressure and the like. Furthermore, as a natural effect, the water stoppage also has outstanding performance. In addition, the use of a block such as a T-shaped cross or the like eliminates water leakage from the portion, displacement between members due to earth pressure, water pressure, and the like.
第1図は本発明の第1実施例のプレキャストコンクリー
ト製浄化槽の蓋板を取除いた場合の平面図である。第2
図は本発明のプレキャストコンクリート製浄化槽の斜視
図であり、第3図は第2図中A−A断面斜視図である。
第4図は他の実施例の締付け状態を示す拡大図である。
第5図はT字型側面部材の斜視図である。第6〜8図は
仕切り部材の斜視図である。 (1)壁面部材、(2)仕切り部材 (2a)平板状仕切り部材、(2b)断面T字ブロック (2c)十字型ブロック (2d)逆T字状中仕切壁ブロック (3)ろ斗状部材、(4)蓋板 (5)沈澱槽、(6)止水シール (7)突合せ接合部、(8)フランジ継手 (25)箱抜き部、(26)アンカープレート (27)メスコーン、(28)オスコーン (30)鋼材挿通孔、(31)締付鋼材FIG. 1 is a plan view of a precast concrete septic tank according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a cover plate is removed. Second
The figure is a perspective view of the precast concrete septic tank of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a sectional perspective view along AA in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing a tightened state of another embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a T-shaped side member. 6 to 8 are perspective views of the partition member. (1) Wall member, (2) Partition member (2a) Flat partition member, (2b) Cross-section T-shaped block (2c) Cross-shaped block (2d) Reverse T-shaped middle partition wall block (3) Funnel-shaped member , (4) lid plate (5) sedimentation tank, (6) water stop seal (7) butt joint, (8) flange joint (25) box emptying part, (26) anchor plate (27) female cone, (28) Male cone (30) Steel insertion hole, (31) Tightening steel
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C02F 3/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C02F 3/00
Claims (2)
材(2)等により形成されるプレキャストコンクリート
製浄化槽において、前記壁面部材(1)の複数枚の突合
せにより内部へ密閉空間を形成するに際して、各壁面部
材(1)へ鋼材挿通孔(30)を設け、複数の壁面部材
(1)の鋼材挿通孔(30)に共通の締付鋼材(31)を挿
通して拘束したことを特徴とするプレキャストコンクリ
ート製浄化槽。In a precast concrete septic tank formed by a concrete wall member (1) and a partition member (2) and the like, when a closed space is formed internally by abutting a plurality of said wall members (1). A steel material insertion hole (30) is provided in each wall member (1), and a common fastening steel material (31) is inserted through the steel material insertion holes (30) of the plurality of wall members (1) and restrained. Septic tank made of precast concrete.
字ブロック(2b)、十字型ブロック(2c)、あるいは、
底版と起立壁とからなる逆T字状中仕切壁ブロック(2
d)からなり、他部材との突合せ接合部(7)へフラン
ジ継手(8)を埋設したことを特徴とするプレキャスト
コンクリート製浄化槽。2. The partition member (2) according to claim 1, wherein said partition member (2) has a section T.
Character block (2b), cross-shaped block (2c), or
Inverted T-shaped partition wall block consisting of a bottom plate and an upright wall (2
d) A septic tank made of precast concrete, wherein a flange joint (8) is embedded in a butt joint (7) with another member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2149464A JP3016574B2 (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Precast concrete septic tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2149464A JP3016574B2 (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Precast concrete septic tank |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0440293A JPH0440293A (en) | 1992-02-10 |
| JP3016574B2 true JP3016574B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 |
Family
ID=15475706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2149464A Expired - Fee Related JP3016574B2 (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Precast concrete septic tank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3016574B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2702447B2 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1998-01-21 | 静岡日本電気株式会社 | Chain bracket structure |
| JP3119850B2 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-12-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Glass melting method |
| JP5294258B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2013-09-18 | 一般社団法人地域環境資源センター | Multi-tank structure prefab tank |
-
1990
- 1990-06-06 JP JP2149464A patent/JP3016574B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0440293A (en) | 1992-02-10 |
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