JP3053077B2 - Marine animal cultivation method using circulating seawater and marine animal cultivation aquarium system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a marine animal cultivation method using a circulating seawater purified by a seawater purification layer using polychaetes, and a marine animal cultivation aquarium system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in marine animal cultivation, it is the most important condition that fresh seawater is always supplied, and among the cultivation facilities, a seawater extracting device and a used seawater discharging device occupy a large weight. I was In order to remove the excrement of farmed animals that have accumulated at the bottom of the aquarium, a method of regularly sucking the water together with seawater has been adopted. Because of the organic matter and nutrients spewed by cultured organisms, it is necessary to return to the sea after purifying it to some extent instead of discharging it as it is. In any case, in aquaculture systems that return used seawater to the sea again as a source of seawater using such seas, the location conditions of aquaculture facilities are limited, and aquaculture systems that circulate and use seawater are expected. .

[0003] In recent years, polychaetes such as rotifers and mosses are
Since it has the effect of treating the residual food and excrement of the cultured organisms and purifying the water quality, it has also been proposed to breed them in the same tank as the cultured organisms for the purpose of purification and to recycle the seawater. At that time, rotifers and mosquitoes are in great demand as fishing baits, and themselves have the secondary advantage of producing commercial value.

[0004]

The formation of a seawater purification layer using polychaete is expected to have a great advantage that it is not necessary to manually remove the excrement of cultured animals manually. seawater kind is raised, it is experimentally confirmed that the harmful ammonia farmed animal excretion there acts to return to the nitric acid, the problem of circulating seawater when used in particular circulating seawater This has the fatal consequence of a cumulative increase in nitric acid concentration, which may ultimately damage not only polychaetes but also farmed animals.

In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a marine animal cultivation in which a seawater purification layer using polychaete is used to purify seawater while suppressing a cumulative increase in nitrate concentration in circulating seawater. It is to provide a method and a marine animal aquarium system.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for culturing marine animals according to the present invention uses a polychaete for treating feces and remaining food of marine animals and a fibrous material which is a home for the polychaete. Along with circulating the seawater purified by the composed seawater purification layer and algae that processes inorganic salts,
From the polychaete and the fibrous material that is the home of the polychaete
The constructed seawater purification layer is used to treat ammonia nitrogen.
The present invention provides an environment for a microorganism that performs a chemical action, and further cultivates the marine animal by the algae serving as food for the marine animal.

[0007] In this method, a seawater purification layer composed of a polychaete for treating feces and residual food of a marine animal and a fibrous material that is a dwelling place for the polychaete functions as an efficient biofilter, so Animal dung and remaining food are processed . In addition, seawater where a large amount of polychaete is raised is nitrifying
Creating a good environment for the microorganisms
Supposedly, the polychaete and the fibrous nature of this polychaete
The seawater purification layer composed of the material and
In order to create a favorable environment for the growth of living organisms,
The harmful ammonia nitrogen excreted by objects and polychaete is converted into inorganic salts such as nitrogen nitrate which becomes nutrients of algae by nitrification by microorganisms . Therefore, it is possible to recycle seawater without the need for an expensive filtration tank or septic tank, which is expensive. In addition, the algae also have the secondary advantage of feeding marine animals. That is, in the marine animal culture according to the present invention, marine animals, polychaetes, algae and
There is a kind of food chain between microorganisms that perform nitrification .

[0008] The polychaete is a marine animal dung or residual food.
Process and algae residue
It is. Therefore, dung and residual food from marine animals are
Harmful animals excreted by marine animals and polychaetes
Monia nitrogen is nitrogen nitrate etc. due to nitrification by microorganisms
Nitrogen nitrate becomes a nutrient for algae,
It does not accumulate in excess, and the increased algae
Feed and if the algae supply is in excess,
Treated by polychaetes in seawater purification layers as well as excrement
Is done. In this way, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen nitrate circulate
Ideal material circulation without cumulative increase in water
A ring is realized.

[0009] In particular, when the polychaete in which the fibrous material of the seawater purification layer is the home of rotifers, it is possible to breed a large amount of rotifers that themselves have commercial value, and a secondary advantage is obtained.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, in a marine animal aquaculture tank system provided with a seawater purifying layer using polychaete according to the present invention, the seawater purifying layer contains a fibrous material and the fibrous material. It consists of the polychaete to and
And provide an environment for nitrifying microorganisms
And a marine animal growth area communicating with the seawater purification layer, and an algal growth area into which the seawater purified by the seawater purification layer flows, and wherein the marine animal growth area and the algae growth area It is characterized by being in communication.

[0011] In this configuration, the seawater purification layer composed of the polychaete for treating feces and residual food of the marine animal and the fibrous material that is the home of the polychaete functions as an efficient biofilter, and Animal feces and remaining food are processed, and the seawater purifying layer is used for microorganisms that perform nitrification.
Ammonia nitrogen excreted by marine animals is converted to nitrate nitrate by nitrification by microorganisms that prefer seawater in which polychaetes are bred by providing an environment for marine animals. Since the generated nitrogen nitrate becomes a nutrient of the algae in the algae growing area, an increase in the inorganic salt concentration in the circulating seawater is suppressed. In addition, algae that have grown rich due to abundant nutrients feed on marine animals. The use of such a food chain has led to the realization of a low-cost marine animal culture tank system using circulating seawater.

[0012] The polychaete is a marine animal dung or residual food.
Process and algae residue
It is. Therefore, as mentioned above, marine animals,
The food chain between mosses, algae and nitrifying microorganisms
As a result, ideal material circulation is realized.

As a preferred embodiment of the aquarium system according to the present invention, the aquarium system comprises a first aquarium having a marine animal growing area formed on an upper part and a seawater purification layer formed on a lower part.
It is composed of a second water tank in which an algae growing area is formed, a connection flow path for flowing the bottom of the first water tank and the second water tank, and a circulation flow path for flowing the second water tank and the upper part of the first water tank. It is suggested that In this case, starting with marine animals,
A simple and effective marine animal cultivation aquarium system is realized by a water tank configuration that matches the food chain returning to marine animals through polychaetes and algae and circulation purification of seawater. Moreover, if another fish or shellfish is directly cultivated in the second aquarium, the cultivation productivity is further improved.

[0014] If the connecting flow path for flowing the bottom of the first water tank and the second water tank is constituted as a downflow pipe for allowing seawater that has passed through the seawater purification layer of the first water tank to flow naturally to the second water tank,
The installation of the pump, which causes the complexity of the apparatus and increases the cost, can be performed only by the circulation channel. Further, if a shutoff valve that is opened and closed intermittently is provided in the downcomer pipe, the seawater passing through the seawater purification layer can be controlled, and more reliable and stable seawater purification can be achieved.

Even when a large-scale aquarium system is constructed, a plurality of aquariums divided into a marine animal growing area, an algae growing area, and a seawater purifying layer are cascaded down-flow, and the final aquarium and the first aquarium are forcibly connected. If the connection is made by the circulation channel, a large number of water tanks can be communicated with the common circulation seawater, and the structure of the entire system can be simplified. In the cultivation of marine animals according to the present invention, from the experimental results, it was recognized that rotifers are preferable as polychaetes having the fibrous material of the seawater purification layer as homes, and that sea urchins are preferable as farmed animals in marine animal growth areas. Was.

When a sea urchin is cultured, it is convenient to form a marine animal growing area by using a cage-like container detachably mounted from the upper part of the aquarium, for example, to take out a sea urchin. Other features and advantages according to the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an example of a marine animal culturing aquarium system according to the present invention. This water tank system has an upper and lower two-stage water tank structure, in which a bottom of a first water tank 10 arranged on an upper side and an upper part of a second water tank 20 arranged on a lower side are connected by a connection flow path 30, and a second water tank is further formed. The seawater inside is circulated and used by the bottom part of 20 and the upper part of the 1st water tank 10 being connected by the circulation flow path 40.

A basket-like container 11 provided with a large number of holes is suspended from the upper edge 10a of the first water tank 10, and a net 12 is attached to the inner surface of the basket-like container 11 to form a basket-like container 11. A growing area 1a for marine animals, here, sea urchin is formed therein. The bottom surface 10b of the first water tank 10
The rock wool 13 as a fibrous material which is a dwelling place for the rotifer 2, which is a polychaete, is laid at a slight distance from, and a seawater purification layer 2 a using the rotifer 2 is formed.

A shutoff valve 31 is interposed in the middle of the connection flow passage 30 which is opened through the bottom surface 10b of the first water tank 10, whereby the amount of seawater poured into the seawater surface of the second water tank 20 is controlled. Is done. Since this connection flow path 30 is configured as a downflow pipe, when the shut-off valve 31 is opened, the first
The seawater purified by the seawater purification layer 2a flows from the water tank 10 to the second water tank 20 without a pump. The time during which the seawater stays in the seawater purification layer 2a, which is controlled by the operation of the shut-off valve 31, is an optimum time during which the dung and the bait excreted by the sea urchin 1 are processed by the rotifer 2.

The second aquarium 20 forms an algae growing area 3a for growing algae 3, in which a seawater purifying layer 2a is formed.
Algae 3 are grown using the purified seawater. The seawater in the second water tank 20 is supplied to the second
The first through the circulation channel 40 connected to the bottom of the water tank 20
It is pumped up to the upper part of the water tank 10 and poured into the sea surface of the first water tank 10. This realizes a seawater circulation configuration that starts from the first water tank 10 and returns to the first water tank 10 via the connection flow path 30, the second water tank 20, and the circulation flow path 40, and the sea urchin dung and remaining food are removed. Processed by rotifer 2,
Inorganic salts, such as nitrogen nitrate, which are produced by raising sea urchin 1 and rotifer 2 become nutrients for algae, and also realize a preferable kind of food chain in which algae feed on sea urchins.

Although the algae growing area 3a is formed in the second tank 20 in the above embodiment, the algae growing area 3a is formed in the marine animal growing area 1 of the first tank 10.
It may be formed around a.

The results of an aquaculture experiment using the above-described aquarium system will be described below. About 90cm × 90cm × 90
marine animal growing area 1 of the first aquarium 10 having a size of 1 cm
656 sea urchins (diameter of about 12-18 mm) in the seawater purifying layer 2a and 200 rotifers in the seawater purification layer 2a per square meter.
No animals were bred for 2 months. Sea urchins were fed with seaweed or sea urchin (three times a week, about 0.3 kg once). During the cultivation period of the sea urchin, no removal of feces or residual food was necessary, and no death of the sea urchin was observed. Further, when finely sliced blue seaweed or seaweed was applied to the upper part of the polychaete layer and allowed to stand overnight, no residue of these algae was observed. A 7.5 cm diameter cylinder was placed on top of the polychaete layer, into which the sea urchin dung and remaining food mixture (about 10 g wet weight) was gently spread and left overnight. At this time, it was not confirmed that the applied mixture flowed off or infiltrated into the polychaete layer, and almost no residue of the feces and residual food mixture was observed as in the case where the algae were provided. To determine the amount of waste and food left, 65
Six sea urchins (approximately 12 to 18 mm in diameter) were provided with sea urchin and left for 16 hours with a funnel-shaped receiver attached under the basket-shaped container 11. The wet weight of the collected feces and the amount of remaining food was about 15.3 g. From this, it can be understood that rotifers eat and remove at least 15 g of algae or feces. Furthermore, when the clams were bred in the second aquarium 20, no death was observed. This proved that the fish and shellfish could be bred in the second aquarium.

On the other hand, as shown in the graph of FIG. 2, harmful ammonia nitrogen excreted by the bred animals themselves was hardly detected in the aquarium bred with rotifers. The relatively harmless nitrogen nitrate resulting from the nitrification of this ammonia nitrogen by microorganisms gradually increased, suggesting that the seawater was being purified. It is true that at least the breeding seawater in the first aquarium 10 has been purified and excrement and residual food have been removed.

Further, in this aquarium system, the rotifer bred seawater (SW / I) and the seawater (SW) were set to 0.2 μm.
m and filtered for algae culture. Seawater (SW), seawater containing 45 mg sodium metasilicate (SW + Si), seawater containing 45 mg sodium metasilicate and 2 ml of commercial culture solution (SW + Si + T), rotifer breeding seawater (SW / I), 45 mg sodium metasilicate Sea turtle breeding seawater (SW / I + Si),
And seawater containing 45 mg of sodium metasilicate
Double-diluted rotifer breeding seawater (1/10 (SW / I) +
Si), diatoms (the chaetoceros gracilis) was added a 1.5 × 10 ⁵ square cells per 1 liter illuminance about 5000 lux with aeration and stirring, and incubated for 6 days at 20 ° C.. The results of the time-dependent measurement of the cell number are shown in the graph of FIG. 3, and the results of the measurement of nitrogen nitrate at that time by cadmium-copper column reduction-naphthylethylenediamine spectrophotometry are shown in FIG.
Is shown in

The result is shown in FIG.
W) and seawater containing 45 mg sodium metasilicate (SW +
Although the number of diatom cells did not increase in the case of Si), the control of sodium metasilicate and the commercially available culture were performed using rotifer bred seawater (SW / I + Si) and rotifer bred seawater containing sodium metasilicate (SW / I + Si). It was found that the diatom grew faster than the seawater containing the liquid (SW + Si + T) and that the number of cells obtained was larger. Furthermore, the control diatom cells were heterogeneous cells having a diameter of about 4 to 8 μm, whereas the diatom cells using rotifer seawater were a uniform cell group having a diameter of about 5 μm. This rotifer-raised seawater was diluted 10 times with seawater (1/10 (SW /
Even with I) + Si), diatoms could be sufficiently cultured. As shown in FIG. 4, rotifer bred seawater (SW / I + S
Nitrogen nitrate when i) was used was 32.9 ppm on the first day of culture.
, Gradually decreased to 20.0 ppm on day 6 (average value of double culture).

In another experiment, 20 pieces of 2 cm × 2 cm seaweed slices were treated with rotifer-raised seawater (S)
W / I) and seawater (SW) in 1 liter each, and cultured at 20 ° C. for 6 days under an aeration and stirring at an illuminance of about 5000 lux. FIG. 5 shows the wet weight of Aosa at that time, and FIG. 6 shows the measurement result of the nitrogen nitrate concentration.

As shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 5, Aosa on day 6 cultured in rotifer bred seawater (SW / I) had a wet weight of about 3 times as compared with Aosa cultured in seawater (SW). 0.4 times, and its surface area measured at the same time is about 1.4.
Had doubled. Although blue-grained seawater cultivated with seawater was thin in both color and thickness, the color was deep green and thick when rotifer bred seawater (SW / I) was used. As shown in FIG. 6, nitrogen nitrate in sea urchin culture using rotifer bred seawater (SW / I) increased from 32.8 ppm on the first day of culture to 6%.
It gradually decreased to 24.7 ppm on the day.

As described above, the marine animal cultivation method and the marine animal cultivation aquarium system according to the present invention provide a method for culturing a polychaete and a cultured animal, in which the nitrifying action of microorganisms is prevented.
Clean water by conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen nitrate and excretion and excess of cultured animals
In addition to being able to remove the remaining food such as natural algae and stably breeding cultured animals, seawater bred using these polychaetes is highly suitable for culturing algae because inorganic salts containing nitrogen nitrate are very suitable for algae culture. it but have been shown capable of removing inorganic salts that accumulate in sea water were housed polychaetes, the technique of the present invention taken breeding in small simple aquarium from farming large marine animals is quite effective Is recognized. In other words, the important point of the present invention is that by incorporating this algae culture system into a breeding system using polychaete, it is possible to remove the accumulated inorganic salts, supply the feed of farmed animals, excrement and residual food of farmed animals. It has paved the way for a natural cycle, such as the removal of water.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred embodiment when the water tank system according to the present invention is scaled up. The configuration of each water tank 10 is substantially the first water tank 10 shown in FIG.
And a plurality of aquariums 1 partitioned into a marine animal growing area 1a, an algae growing area 3a, and a seawater purification layer 2a.
In the figure, two water tanks 10 are cascaded down-flow through a connection flow path 30, and the last water tank and the first water tank are connected by a forced circulation flow path 40. Thereby, a large-scale seawater circulation type marine animal cultivation system can be constructed by cascading several to several tens of water tanks.
In the above-described embodiment, sea urchins have been exemplified as cultured marine animals, but the present invention can also be applied to the cultivation of other high-grade fish and shellfish such as abalone and shrimp.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a marine animal aquarium system 1 according to the present invention.
Schematic diagram illustrating two embodiments

FIG. 2 is a graph showing seawater quality measurement results of a rearing aquarium.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating algae culture using seawater bred with rotifers.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in nitrogen nitrate concentration in algae culture using seawater reared with rotifers.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating algae culture using seawater reared with rotifers.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change in nitrogen nitrate concentration in algae culture using rotifer-raised seawater.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the marine animal aquarium system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 sea urchin 1a marine animal growth area 2 rotifer 2a seawater purification layer 3 algae 3a algae growth area 10 first water tank 20 second water tank 30 connection flow path 40 circulation flow path

Claims (13)

(57) [Claims] 1. A seawater purifying layer composed of a polychaete for treating feces and residual food of marine animals and a fibrous material that is a home of the polychaete, and circulating seawater purified by algae for treating inorganic salts. And the polychaete and the polychaete
The seawater purification layer composed of the fibrous material that becomes the home,
For nitrifying microorganisms that process ammonia nitrogen
A marine animal cultivation method using circulating seawater, wherein the marine animal is cultivated by providing the algae as food for the marine animal. 2. The polychaete treating algae residue.
A marine product using the circulating seawater according to claim 1.
Culture method. 3. A marine animal breeding method using the circulating seawater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said polychaetes are Iwamushi. 4. A marine aquaculture tank system provided with a seawater purifying layer using polychaetes, wherein the seawater purifying layer is composed of a fibrous material and a polychaete in which the fibrous material resides . Perform nitrification
A marine animal growth area that provides an environment for microorganisms and communicates with the seawater purification layer, and an algae growth area into which seawater purified by the seawater purification layer flows. An aquarium system for culturing marine animals, wherein an area and the algae growing area communicate with each other. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said polychaete treats algae residues.
A marine product using circulating seawater according to claim 4.
Aquaculture tank system. 6. A first aquarium having the marine animal growing area at an upper part and the seawater purification layer at a lower part, a second aquarium having the algae growing area at a lower part, and a bottom part of the first aquarium. 6. The marine product according to claim 4 , further comprising: a connection channel that circulates the water through the second water tub; and a circulation channel that circulates the second water tub and an upper portion of the first water tub. 7. Animal aquarium system. Wherein said connecting channel is claim, characterized by being composed of sea water through the seawater purification layer of the first water tank as a stream pipe for natural flow into the second water tank 6
2. The aquarium system for marine animal culture according to claim 1. 8. The aquarium system for marine animal culture according to claim 6 , wherein the downflow pipe is provided with a shutoff valve that is opened and closed intermittently. 9. The aquarium system for culturing marine animals according to claim 6 , wherein a pump for forced circulation is provided in the circulation flow path. 10. A plurality of water tanks partitioned into the marine animal growing area, the algae growing area, and the seawater purification layer are cascaded in a downflow manner, and the final water tank and the first water tank are connected by a forced circulation flow path. 5. The method according to claim 4,
6. The aquarium system for culturing marine animals according to item 5 . 11. The aquarium system for culturing marine animals according to claim 4 , wherein the polychaete is a rotifer. 12. The marine animal cultivation aquarium system according to claim 4 , wherein the marine animal growing area is formed by a basket-like container detachably mounted from an upper part of the aquarium. . 13. The marine animal culture aquarium system according to claim 4 , wherein sea urchin is cultured in the marine animal growth area.