JP4489495B2 - Seafood breeding method and seafood breeding apparatus used in the method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a seafood breeding method and a seafood breeding apparatus used in the method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for breeding seafood in a closed aquarium without daily replacement of water in the aquarium and a seafood breeding apparatus suitable for use in the method. The fish and shellfish breeding method and breeding apparatus of the present invention do not require time and effort for breeding seafood, and can greatly reduce the cost required for breeding. Moreover, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to continue raising seafood for a long period of time without changing the water in the aquarium. In addition, the reared seafood grows quickly and the mortality rate can be kept extremely low.

JP 2002-223667 A JP 2002-191257 A JP 2000-287580 A JP-A-8-56523

  When seafood is bred in a closed circulation aquarium, ammonia is generated due to organic waste such as residual seafood (food left over) and excreta. Therefore, in order to keep the water in the water tank clean, it is necessary to decompose the ammonia generated in the water tank or suppress the generation of ammonia in the water tank. When publicly known literatures are examined for methods of breeding seafood without replacing the water in the aquarium as much as possible, conventional methods can be broadly classified into the following two systems. One of them is a method that should be called a microbial treatment method. A nitrification tank and a denitrification tank are provided in the circulation route of the breeding water. First, ammonia in the breeding water is nitrified by nitrifying bacteria (aerobic bacteria) in the nitrifying tank, Nitrous acid is converted to nitrate nitrogen through nitric acid, then converted to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria (anaerobic bacteria) in the denitrification tank, and the water in the tank is purified by releasing it outside the circulation route of the breeding water As known documents, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-223667) and Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-191257) are representative examples. The other is a method that should be referred to as a high-voltage treatment method, in which a high-voltage pulse generator or a static voltage generator is installed in the breeding water circulation path to activate the breeding water and decompose organic substances in the water. This method promotes diffusion into the air and suppresses the generation of ammonia. Known documents include Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-287580) and Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-56523). Is a representative example.

  Both of the above conventional methods have a common problem. That is, the microbial treatment method requires a nitrification tank, a denitrification tank, a precipitation tank for solid-liquid separation, and the high voltage treatment method includes a high voltage pulse generator, a static voltage generator, and the like. In both cases, the rearing apparatus becomes large and maintenance tends to be complicated. In addition, any of these conventional methods is premised on treatment after ammonia is generated from the organic waste in the water tank, and is not a method of treating organic waste before ammonia is generated. . For this reason, in the conventional method, the generation of ammonia cannot be completely suppressed. Therefore, even if it is possible to breed without changing the water in the aquarium, it is difficult to keep the seafood for a long time in that state.

In view of the above situation, the present invention is suitable for use in a new and easy fish and shellfish breeding method for raising fish and shellfish in a closed circulation water tank without daily replacement of the water in the tank and the method. It is an object to provide a simple and easy-to-use seafood breeding apparatus.

Among the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, the invention described in claims 1 and 2 is a method for breeding fish and shellfish in a closed-circulation water tank, wherein the fish tank is raising fish and shellfish Is circulated between a reactor in which a filter medium having a large number of fine air passages or air holes and a fermentation product of at least one aerobic thermophilic bacterium selected from the following group is encapsulated, In addition, while ventilating the reactor and the aquarium respectively, the solids of the organic waste in the water such as seafood remnants and excrement are sent to the reactor during the circulation of the water between the aquarium and the reactor, and the fermentation products In this method, the water in the aquarium is purified by contacting and decomposing the solid matter of the organic waste, and the seafood is bred without daily replacement of the aquarium water.
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center Accession Number FERM P-15085,
FERM P-15086, FERM P-15087, FERM P-15536, FERM P-15537,
FERM P-15538, FERM P-15539 , FERM P-15540, FERM P-15541,
FERM P-15542, FERM P-18598

Furthermore, the invention described in claim 2 is an apparatus used in the breeding method according to claim 1, and is a closed circulation type water tank for breeding seafood, and a large number of fine vents or vents. A reactor that can enclose the filter medium with the aerobic thermophilic bacteria fermentation product in contact with water, and collect organic solids in the water such as fish and shellfish residual food and excrement and send them to the reactor A fish and shellfish breeding apparatus comprising means, means for circulating water between the water tank and the reactor, and means for venting the water tank and the reactor, respectively.

Conventionally, when solid waste such as residual food (food left over) generated by seafood or excrement remains in the aquarium, ammonia is generated due to this, and the water is spoiled. However, according to the fish and shellfish breeding method and breeding apparatus of the present invention, the organic waste solids in the aquarium are sent to the reactor together with the water. It is decomposed by the action of aerobic thermophilic bacteria enclosed in the fish, and harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli that fish and shellfish had in the body are sterilized by the action of aerobic thermophilic bacteria. Can always be kept clean without decay over a long period of time.

That is, according to the fish and shellfish breeding method and breeding apparatus of the present invention, the solid matter of the organic waste in the aquarium is decomposed by the action of aerobic thermophilic bacteria and ammonia is not generated in the aquarium. There is no need to replace it on a daily basis. Moreover, since harmful bacteria are killed, the health of fish and shellfish is not impaired. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, it takes little effort to breed seafood, and the cost required for breeding can be greatly reduced. Moreover, it is possible to continue raising fishery products for a long period of time without replacing the water in the aquarium. In addition, the growth of domestic seafood is fast and the mortality rate can be kept extremely low.

  In the description of the present invention, the meaning of “do not change water on a daily basis” usually means that when seafood is bred in an aquarium, it is fed every day, every other day, or on a certain date, or water is changed. At least, it means that such regular feeding and water exchange is not performed. Preferably, using the fish and shellfish breeding method and breeding apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to continue breeding without changing the water in the tank during the breeding period.

In the method and apparatus of the present invention, either saltwater fish or freshwater fish can be raised. Moreover, the kind of seafood suitable for breeding is not specifically limited. For example, various seafood such as flounder, carp, abalone, goldfish, crucian carp, and tropical fish can be raised.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a seafood breeding method and a breeding apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a seafood breeding apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a fish rearing apparatus in which a cylindrical reactor 3 is arranged above a water tank 2 via return pipes 35 and 35 and a collection pipe 41 and the water tank 2 and the reactor 3 are connected. . That is, the aquarium 2 is a plastic transparent aquarium filled with water up to the water surface 11, in which several tropical fish F · F ··· are swimming. The water tank 2 and the reactor 3 are connected to the air supply pump 6 installed outside via the air supply pipes 61 and 62 so that sufficient air can be supplied. Accordingly, the air sent from the air feed pump 6 is sent into the water tank 2 and the inside of the rectifier 3 through the air feed pipes 61 and 62, respectively. 23 is a plastic cover on the top surface of the tank 2, 24 is a drain pipe provided at the bottom of the tank 2, 25 is its drain valve, 26 is an exhaust pipe provided at the top of the tank 2, and 27 is its exhaust valve It is.

  A funnel-type (Y-shaped) partition 5 is fitted in the center of the water tank 2 as shown in the figure. The partition member 5 is formed in a tapered shape, and includes a side plate portion 51 having a plurality of small holes 52, 52, and a straight pipe portion 53 formed in a straight tube shape. Therefore, the air sent into the water tank 2 from the air pump 6 is further diffused into the lower part of the water tank 2 through the small holes 52, 52.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a cylindrical reactor, in which a partition section 34 partitioned by the same partition plate 31 and 33 is formed. The partition plates 31 and 33 are provided with a large number of micro holes 32 through which water can permeate. Furthermore, an aerobic thermophilic bacterium discovered by the present inventor along with a large number of filter media (microorganism adsorption carriers) P, P,. A large amount of powder of “YM fertilizer” which is a fermentation product of “YM bacteria” is encapsulated. (The aerobic thermophilic bacterium and fermentation product thereof of the present invention will be described in detail later.)
35 and 35 are two return pipes that hang down from the bottom plate of the reactor 3 to below the water surface 11 of the water tank 2. Further, 4 is a small submersible pump, 41 is connected to the submersible pump 4, and is a collecting pipe that hangs from the center of the bottom plate of the reactor 3 to the inside of the straight pipe portion 53 of the partition 5. 36 is an inlet for the filter medium P, P,..., YM fertilizer, etc. of the reactor 3, 37 is a lid over the inlet 36, 38 is an exhaust pipe of the reactor 3, and 39 is its exhaust valve. Reference numerals 63 and 64 denote air supply valves of the air supply pipes 61 and 62, respectively.

  Since the fish and shellfish breeding device 1 of the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, when the submersible pump 4 is activated, the water in the aquarium 2 is sent to the reactor 3 through the collection pipe 41, and the compartment of the reactor 3 In the part 34, it will contact the YM fertilizer adhering to the filter medium P · P ···, and the YM fertilizer is dissolved in water. When the air pump 6 is started, air is sent to the reactor 3 through the air pipe 62, so that the aerobic bacteria “YM fungus” in the YM fertilizer works actively.

A method for breeding several tropical fishes F, F,... Using the seafood breeding apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described. First, the air pump 6 is activated to send air into the water tank 2 through the air pipe 61. The sent air is further diffused into the entire aquarium 2 through a plurality of small holes 52, 52, provided in the side plate portion 51 of the partition 5, so that the tropical fish F, F,. Can be replenished. Organic waste solids in the aquarium 2 such as the residual feed and excrement of the tropical fish F sink and settle due to the difference in specific gravity with water, but are captured by the tapered side plate 51 of the funnel-shaped divider 5 and separated. Collected in the straight pipe portion 53 of the tool 5. The air from the air feed pump 6 is also fed into the reactor 3 through the air feed pipe 62.

On the other hand, when the submersible pump 4 is started, the water in the aquarium 2 is sent to the reactor 3 through the collection pipe 41, reaches the partition section 34 through the partition plates 31 and 33, and is sealed in the partition section 34. After contacting with a certain YM fertilizer, it is further refluxed from the two return pipes 35 and 35 into the water tank 2, and again sucked from the collection pipe 41 and sent to the reactor 3. Therefore, the organic waste solid matter in the water tank 2 collected in the straight pipe part 53 of the partition 5 is conveyed to the reactor 3 through the collection pipe 41 together with water, and repeatedly contacts the YM fertilizer in the reactor 3. become. Thus, the water in the water tank 2 is circulated between the water tank 2 and the reactor 3 by the operation of the pump 4.

Since the partition part 34 of the reactor 3 contains a large number of filter media P, P,... And numerous YM fertilizers having innumerable fine vents or air passages, the YM fertilizers gradually come into contact with water and become water. Dissolve in Then, the YM bacteria in the YM fertilizer adheres to the numerous fine vents or passages of the filter medium P and P, and the water and air that have flowed into the YM bacteria repeatedly come into contact with each other. The solid matter of the organic waste contained in the water is gradually decomposed by the action of the YM fungus that has become active through aeration. Even if solid waste of organic waste that has not been decomposed or its decomposition residue is generated, it is returned to the water tank 2 through the return pipes 35 and 35 together with water, so that the straight pipe portion of the partition 5 again. Collected in 53 and returned to the partition 34 of the reactor 3 through the collection tube 41 together with water, and again subjected to the action of the YM bacteria. Therefore, by repeating this circulation cycle, the solid matter of the organic waste in the water tank is completely decomposed. That is, the solid waste of organic waste such as the residual feed and excrement of the tropical fish F is decomposed by the action of the YM fungus in the YM fertilizer in the reactor 3 provided in the middle of the water circulation cycle. Also, harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli that are present in seafood and mixed with excreta are sterilized by the action of YM bacteria. Therefore, unless something that disturbs this water circulation cycle appears, ammonia resulting from organic waste is not generated, and no water decay occurs. Therefore, the water in the aquarium can always be kept clean. Therefore, according to the breeding method and breeding apparatus of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to replace the water in the aquarium on a daily basis. Tropical fish breeding can be continued for a long time without changing the water in the tank on a daily basis.

Test example 1

  According to the breeding test of the present inventor using the breeding apparatus 1 of the above example, the five tropical fishes in the aquarium 2 were able to continue breeding for 6 years without changing the water. . That is, in order to raise 5 tropical fish in the aquarium 2 for 6 years, no water exchange was required during this period. In addition, none of the tropical fish in the aquarium 2 was drowned or ill.

Test example 2

  Using the breeding device 1 of the above example, 100 flounder larvae were reared without changing the water in the aquarium without changing the water by the method of Example 1. As a result, it has grown very fast and can be shipped in March. Moreover, the mortality rate of flounder larvae is usually said to be about 7%, but during this test, none of the flounder moribund and suffered from illness.

Test example 3

Using the breeding apparatus 1 of the above example, 10 abalone larvae were tried to be bred without changing water by the method of Example 1. Normally, it takes 4-5 years to grow abalone from juveniles, and around 15 % of juveniles are said to be drowned, but in this test example, initially 5-6 mm (about the size of a little fingernail) The abalone larvae that were a) were grown into adult shells 4 to 5 times larger than the original on the 145th day of breeding. During this period, no abalone was drowned or ill. During this time, the abalone was fed wakame leaf pieces as food, and the water temperature in the aquarium was maintained at around 17 ° C.

Hereinafter, the results of the above test examples will be supplementarily described.
As shown in each of the above test examples, according to the breeding method and the breeding apparatus of Example 1, harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli may be excreted mixed with the excrement of the domestic fish and shellfish in the aquarium 2, Harmful bacteria are decomposed and sterilized by the action of aerobic thermophilic bacteria, typically YM bacteria, and die. If harmful bacteria are killed, no harmful bacteria will enter the aquarium 2 that is closed to the outside world. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, the mortality rate can be kept extremely low.

Hereinafter, supplementary description will be given of the seafood breeding apparatus of the first embodiment.
In the apparatus of the first embodiment, the funnel-shaped partition 5 is provided in the water tank 2 to capture and collect the organic waste in the water. However, if the solid matter such as the organic waste in the water can be captured and collected, The partition 5 is not limited to the funnel type, and it is not always necessary to use the partition 5.

In the first embodiment, the two return pipes 35 suspended from the reactor 3 are provided. However, the number of the return pipes 35 is not limited to two, and the circulation of water between the reactor 3 and the water tank 2 is not limited. If possible, it is not always necessary to use the return pipe 35.
Moreover, in Example 1, although the small submersible pump 6 was used, in the apparatus of this invention, it is not necessary to use a submersible pump. Any device that can circulate water between the water tank and the reactor may use a normal water pump.

  In Example 1 described above, a large number of filter media (microorganism adsorption carriers) P having a large number of fine ventilation holes or ventilation paths were used. An example of the shape of the filter media P is shown in FIG. FIGS. 2A and 2B are enlarged perspective views showing an example of the filter medium used in the present invention. The filter medium used in the present invention may have any shape as long as it has a large number of fine ventilation holes or ventilation paths and has a material and structure capable of adsorbing microorganisms. As the material, wool mat, gardening artificial pumice, expanded polystyrene, barley stone, ceramic material, charcoal, glass beads, KP pearl material and the like are suitable. Since the size of the filter medium varies depending on the capacity of the reactor 3 and the amount of water, it cannot be determined unconditionally.

  Further, as the filter medium used in the present invention, a three-dimensional network structure may be used instead of the small microorganism-adsorbing carrier as in Example 1. The three-dimensional network structure is, for example, a curled glass fiber or the like wound in a coil shape, and innumerable fine ventilation holes or ventilation paths capable of adsorbing and supporting microorganisms are formed in the gaps. A preferable material is a porous material such as an iron wire coil, a wool mat, a ceramic material or a multi-film material in addition to glass fiber, and has an appropriate surface area and an infinite number of fine pores (vent holes). It is preferably made of a material that can form a three-dimensional structure having a certain volume, with an infinite number of fine gaps (air passages) formed therein. As the three-dimensional network structure for the filter medium, for example, a porous microbial carrier for a biological treatment device disclosed in JP 2000-246276 A may be used.

  Next, “aerobic thermophilic bacteria” and “fermented products of aerobic thermophilic bacteria” in the present invention will be described. The aerobic thermophilic bacterium used in the present invention refers to an aerobic bacterium, that is, a bacterium that actively acts at a high temperature in the presence of air. In the present invention, any aerobic thermophilic bacteria can be used regardless of the bacterial species. In the present invention, as an aerobic thermophilic bacterium, useless harmful bacteria and the like can be killed. Therefore, an optimum activity temperature, that is, a temperature range optimal for the activity of the bacterium such as a fermentation action is 80 ° C. or higher, preferably It is preferable to use an aerobic thermophilic bacterium having a temperature of 85 ° C. or higher (sometimes referred to as an aerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium). In the present invention, in addition to a single aerobic thermophilic bacterium, a mixed microbial cell or a culture of these microbial cells can be preferably used.

  The fermentation product of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium used in the present invention is a compost-like culture obtained by adding aerobic thermophilic bacterium or a mixed microbial cell thereof to a useful raw material and performing aeration fermentation or this culture. Furthermore, it refers to a compost-like fermentation product produced by aeration fermentation by adding to an organic material, and is usually in the form of powder or granules.

In the present invention, among the aerobic thermophilic bacteria, the bacteria that can be particularly preferably used are the patent biological deposit center of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, which was collected by the present inventor from the soil of the Kirishima volcanic zone in Makinocho, Aira-gun, Kagoshima At least one aerobic bacterium selected from the group of the following fungi deposited on the The inventor specifically refers to these suitable aerobic thermophilic bacteria as "YM bacteria".
(1) Accession numbers FERM P-15085 (common name: YM-01), FERM P-15086 (same: YM-02) and FERM P-15087 (same as patents No. 3064221) belonging to the genus Bacillus : YM-03). (2) Accession Nos. FERM P-15536 (common name: YM-04), FERM P-15537 (same as YM-05), FERM P-15538 (same as the patent belonging to the genus Bacillus) as patent No. 3436859 : YM-06), FERM P-15539 (common name: YM-07), FERM P-15540 (same as YM-08), FERM P-15541 (same as YM-09) and FERM P-15542 (same as YM) -Ten).
(3) Accession No. FERM P-18598 (Caldricks Satsumae: YM081), which is a patent belonging to Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-391561, belonging to the genus Cardotrix.

The fermentation product of the aerobic thermophilic bacterium used in the present invention is produced, for example, as follows.
A soil containing aerobic bacteria or mixed cells thereof is collected, a sucrose solution or the like is added thereto, fermented while aerated at high temperature, and cultured to produce a culture of aerobic thermophilic bacteria. The obtained culture of aerobic thermophilic bacteria may be used as it is as a fermentation product, but in the present invention, the culture of aerobic thermophilic bacteria is used as an organic material, for example, raw sludge, plant waste, etc. And then aerated and fermented (in this process, the bacteria and seeds in the organic material can be killed by the heat generated by the aerobic thermophilic bacteria), and the aerobic thermophilic bacteria used in the present invention are fermented. Get things. The fermentation product of the aerobic thermophilic bacterium is preferably matured to such an extent that it can be used as compost (fertilizer), and is preferably made into a powder or granule.

  Hereinafter, a production example of a fermentation product of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium will be described in detail as a preferred example. First, an aerobic bacterium or a culture of these mixed cells is added to and mixed with an organic material, for example, raw sludge. The mixing ratio is preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight of the aerobic culture with respect to 70 to 80 parts by weight of the organic material. An appropriate amount of this mixture is deposited in a fermenter, and aeration fermentation is performed while air is sufficiently blown from the bottom of the vessel. If the aeration is continued, the temperature of the mixture, which was initially at room temperature, is raised to 80 to 90 ° C. after 1 to several days. After standing at this temperature for 5 to 7 days and continuing the aeration fermentation, the first turnover (stirring) is performed. Thereafter, this standing and turning is repeated about 3 to 8 times, and when the fermentation is continued for about 20 to 50 days, preferably 30 days or more, with aeration, a dry dry fermentation product is obtained. can get. The fermented product can be finished as a fully fertilized fertilizer by performing necessary nutrient adjustments such as replenishing potassium after sieving as necessary. That is, the fermentation product of a suitable aerobic thermophilic bacterium used in the present invention usually exhibits a brown powder or granule and can be used as a useful base material for organic fertilizer. The inventor specifically refers to the fermentation product of YM bacteria as “YM fertilizer”.

  The fermentation product produced as described above contains about 1 billion or more aerobic thermophilic bacteria per gram of dry matter. Therefore, this fermentation product has a strong decomposability for organic substances. In addition, by leaving a part of the fermentation product produced last time in the same fermentor in the tank, adding this to the organic material as an inoculum for the next fermentation (or part thereof), and repeating the fermentation, The “fermented product of aerobic thermophilic bacteria” used in the present invention can be easily obtained.

  As described above in detail, according to the fish and shellfish breeding method and the fish and shellfish breeding apparatus used in the method according to the present invention, ammonia is not generated in the fish tank for breeding fish and shellfish, Since harmful bacteria are killed, the water in the tank can always be kept clean. Therefore, according to the breeding method and the breeding apparatus of the present invention, it is not necessary to replace the water in the aquarium on a daily basis, and it is possible to continue breeding the seafood for a long time in this state. Therefore, since the method and apparatus of the present invention do not require time and effort for breeding seafood and can reduce the cost of breeding, it can be suitably used for breeding commercial and domestic seafood. Also, it can be suitably applied in test research institutions such as fisheries testing grounds and aquaculture research institutes. Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention can be widely used in the field of aquaculture.

Explanatory drawing of one Example of the apparatus of this invention The expanded perspective view which shows an example of the shape of the filter medium used by this invention

Explanation of symbols

1: seafood breeding equipment, 2: aquarium, 23: aquarium lid, 24: drainage pipe for aquarium,
25: Drain valve, 26: Exhaust pipe of water tank, 27: Exhaust valve, 3: Reactor, 31: Partition plate, 32: Fine hole in partition plate, 33: Other partition plate, 34: Partition section,
35: return pipe, 36: inlet, 37: its lid, 38: reactor exhaust pipe,
39: Exhaust valve, 4: Submersible pump, 41: Collection pipe, 5: Divider
51: Its side plate part, 52: Small hole in the side plate part, 53: Straight pipe part, 6: Air supply pump,
61: Air supply pipe to the tank, 63: Air supply valve, 62: Reactor air supply pipe,
64: The air supply valve, P: Granular filter medium, F: Domestic seafood (tropical fish)

Claims (2)

A method of rearing fish and shellfish in a closed circulation aquarium, wherein the water in the tank where the fish and shellfish are reared is a filter medium having a number of fine air passages or vent holes and at least one selected from the following group: Fish and shellfish in the circulation of water between the aquarium and the reactor while circulating between the reactor encapsulated with fermentation products of more than aerobic thermophilic bacteria and aerating the reactor and the aquarium respectively The organic waste solids in the water, such as leftover food and excreta, are sent to the reactor and brought into contact with the fermentation products, and the water in the tank is purified by decomposing the organic waste solids. A method of raising seafood without replacing it on a daily basis.
Serial National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary accession number FERM P-15085,
FERM P-15086, FERM P-15087, FERM P-15536, FERM P-15537,
FERM P-15538, FERM P-15539 , FERM P-15540, FERM P-15541,
FERM P-15542, FERM P-18598 A device used in the breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the closed circulation type water tank for breeding seafood, a filter medium having a number of fine air passages or vent holes, and a fermentation product of an aerobic thermophilic bacterium A reactor that can be sealed in contact with water, a means to collect organic waste solids in the water, such as seafood residual food and excrement, and send it to the reactor, and water is circulated between the tank and the reactor And a seafood breeding device provided with means for ventilating the tank and the reactor.