JP3086133B2 - How to measure verticality - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for measuring the verticality of a cylindrical body such as a retaining pile for forming a retaining wall or a support pile for supporting an upper structure on a supporting ground underground. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the verticality of such a pile has been measured.
The operator measures the stake and measures its posture, or
A method has been adopted in which a device for measuring the posture of the peripheral surface of the pile is attached to the peripheral surface of the pile and the posture is measured. On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-127084 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-353121)
And Japanese Patent Application No. 4-67782 (JP-A-5-272).
No. 947), a light source is provided at a bottom portion of a measurement hole provided along the pile body, and light emitted from this light source is detected from an upper end opening at the other end of the measurement hole. Attempts have been made to detect the attitude of the pile in the vertical direction.

[0003]

However, in the method by eye measurement, the measurement is inaccurate. On the other hand, in the method of detecting the posture of the peripheral surface of the pile, only the posture of the detected part can be detected. In other words, when the pile is formed by connecting a plurality of pipes in the axial direction by welding, it is only possible to check the general posture of the entire pile, rather than to check the posture of each individual pipe. is there. On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-12
7084 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-353121), Japanese Patent Application No. 4
According to the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-272947, the light source inserted into the measurement hole is located at the lower end of the hole. Can not. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-677
82 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-272947), when measuring the verticality, it is necessary to swing the entire image pickup means around the center of the cross section of the upper end of the hole. Difficult and has problems with reproducibility.
An object of the present invention is to provide a measurement method capable of easily detecting the verticality of a cylindrical body arranged in a substantially vertical direction, and further automatically performing the same.

[0004]

A feature of the verticality measuring method for achieving this object is that the measuring side vertical reference point V
By aligning the optical axis with the vertical line VL extending from 1, it is possible to obtain a focused image a of a light spot inside the cylindrical body to be measured on the imaging-side horizontal plane L2 located above the cylindrical body. A first stage of disposing an image capturing device provided with an optical mechanism outside the upper end of the cylindrical body with the center of the upper end cross section of the cylindrical body as a measurement-side vertical reference point V1; The scattered light source is suspended and held at an arbitrary depth position by the suspension mechanism from the center of the upper end section set as P1, and the suspension depth D, which is the separation distance between the suspension reference point P1 and the scattered light source, is detected. A second stage of positioning the scattered light source in the state at the center of the cross section of the cylindrical body by operating the inner wall abutting member provided on the scattered light source against the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical body;
A focused image that is a horizontal separation distance between the imaging-side vertical reference point V2, which is located in the imaging-side horizontal plane L2 and is vertically above the measurement-side vertical reference point V1, and the focused image a of the scattered light source. The deviation A2 is obtained, and the vertical line VL is calculated from the in-focus image deviation A2.
A third step of obtaining a light source deviation A1 that is a horizontal separation distance between the light source and the scattered light source from the optical characteristics of the optical mechanism;
There is a fourth step of obtaining the verticality of the cylindrical body from the suspension depth D obtained in the first step and the light source deviation A1 obtained in the third step. The operation and effect are as follows.

[0005]

In the verticality measuring method according to the present invention, the line connecting the center of the cross section of the upper end of the cylindrical body arranged in a substantially vertical direction and the scattered light source inserted into the cylindrical body indicates the posture of the cylindrical body. It is selected as a representative reference line, and the verticality is confirmed by measuring the angle between the reference line and the vertical line. Here, as the vertical line, a vertical line passing through the center of the cross section of the upper end of the cylindrical body is adopted as a reference in the vertical direction. The operation will be described below in accordance with the procedure. First, in the first stage,
Place the image capture device. Here, the optical axis of the optical mechanism provided in the image capturing device is aligned with a vertical line passing through the center of the cross section of the upper end of the cylindrical body. Therefore, at this stage, a vertical line serving as a reference for measurement is set. Then, in the second stage, the scattered light source is suspended in the cylindrical body from the center of the upper end cross section by the suspension mechanism. Naturally, the suspension direction is in accordance with the posture of the tubular body. Then, at a predetermined depth, the descent of the suspension body is stopped, and the scattered light source is brought into contact with the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical body by the abutting operation of the inner wall abutting member at the center of the cross section of the cylindrical body at this lowered depth. come. With this setting, the reference line that matches the attitude of the tubular body described above is accurately set. On the other hand, a focused image of the scattered light source at the lower end of the reference line is obtained in the imaging horizontal plane by the configuration of the image capturing device described above. In this state, in a third step, a focused image deviation, which is a distance between the focused image and the vertical line, is detected, and a distance between the vertical line VL and the scattered light source in the horizontal direction is detected based on the focused image deviation. Is obtained. Here, while the optical axis is aligned vertically,
Since the optical mechanism is specified, the distance between the focused image and the light source with respect to the optical axis can be uniquely determined. Therefore, according to the light source deviation obtained in this way, the verticality is obtained in the fourth stage from the suspension depth and this light source deviation.

[0006]

Therefore, in the verticality measuring method of the present invention, the verticality of the cylindrical body can be measured at an arbitrary depth. For example, even when the stake is bent at a specific portion, measurement can be performed well as long as the light from the scattered light source enters the image capturing device. Furthermore, as compared with the conventional method, since the light source can be freely installed, the light source can be repeatedly used. Furthermore, automation is easy, the variation of the measured values by the measurer is eliminated, and the work efficiency can be improved.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An outline of a case where the verticality of a pile 2 is measured using a verticality detecting device 1 using the verticality measuring method of the present application will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the steel pipes for the steel pipe column soil retaining wall employed as the piles 2 are an O-joint 3 and a C-joint 4 for obtaining high waterproofness and high construction accuracy.
These are fitted together and laid underground 5. The verticality detector 1 of the present application is intended to perform the work of confirming the verticality of the pile 2 by measuring the verticality of the O-joint 3 as a tubular body provided in these steel pipes. Now, when measuring the verticality of the 0 joint 3, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, by measuring the angle formed between the vertical line VL confirmed by the vertical device 107 provided in the verticality detection device 1 of the present application and one reference line SL representing the O-joint 3, the vertical direction is measured. Degree is required. In the measurement described below, a vertical line VL passing through the center P1 (V1) of the upper end cross section of the O-joint 3 is used as a reference in the vertical direction.
Center P1 (V1) of upper end cross section and center B1 of lower end cross section of joint 3
Is a reference line S representing the posture direction of the O-joint 3.
Used as L. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG.
The LED capsule 103 is turned on by the suspension mechanism 102 provided in the suspension apparatus 101.
By lowering to the measurement depth in a posture in contact with the inner surface of the joint 3, the LED 105 as a scattered light source is arranged at the center of the cross section of the O-joint 3 by the operation of the positioning mechanism 104 provided in the LED capsule 103. , The center B1 of the lower end section is set.

[0008] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 4 show a situation in which the verticality of the steel pipe pile 2 for forming the retaining wall 6 is measured using the verticality detection device 1 of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the O-joint 3 and the C-joint 4 are welded along the axis of the pile 2 to the outer peripheral portion of the steel pipe pile 2 at a position facing 180 degrees. These are fitted to each other to form the retaining wall 6.
Can be built. And, as shown in FIG.
When the retaining wall 6 is sequentially constructed, the O-joint 3 provided on the steel pipe pile 2 a located at the end of the wall 6 is used for measuring or confirming the verticality of the pile 2. Naturally, the C joint 4 is not fitted to the O joint 3. The O-joint 3 has a substantially circular cross section, as shown in FIGS.

[0009] As shown in FIG.
The aforementioned LED capsule 103 and this LED capsule 1
03, a suspension mechanism 102 which can be suspended from a position corresponding to the center of the upper end cross section of the O-joint 3, a mounting table 106 which is used by being mounted on the steel pipe 2 to be measured, and which is supported by the mounting table 106 and confirms the vertical direction. A possible vertical device 107 is provided. The vertical unit 107 is configured as a telescope equipped with a vertical collimating automatic level (not shown), and has a light source (LE in the present case) in the field of view with its optical axis directed vertically.
D105) is provided. By the way, on the upper side of the vertical unit 107, a CCD
An imaging device 108 including a camera is provided, and an imaging surface provided in the imaging device 108 is horizontal. And the horizontal position of the collimation center of the vertical device 107 described above,
The horizontal position of the focused image a of the LED 105 is configured to be detectable on the imaging surface. That is, the image capturing device 109 is constituted by the vertical device 107 and the imaging device 108 directly connected thereto. Further, the verticality detection device 1 includes a processing device 110 for information processing and device control, and also includes a display device 111 for displaying a measurement result such as the verticality obtained by the processing device 110.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 7, the structure of the optical mechanism 112 provided in the image capturing device 109 will be described in detail. The optical system includes an optical system provided in the vertical unit 107 and a CCD camera as an image pickup device. The optical system 108 is combined, and an image for confirming the position of the LED 105 can be taken through the combined optical system. As shown in FIG. 7, the optical system on the side of the vertical unit 107 includes an objective lens 113, a focusing lens 114, and an eyepiece 115, and a real image created by the objective lens 113 is focused on a focusing surface by the focusing lens 114. Make an image. The in-focus image is enlarged by the eyepiece 115 and passed to the optical system of the CCD camera 108 as parallel rays. The optical system of the CCD camera 108 receives the parallel rays and forms a real image on the light receiving surface 116 of the CCD (this surface serves as a reference surface of an imaging target in later information processing and has a horizontal plane). This surface is referred to as an imaging-side horizontal plane L2). Therefore,
Since the optical system is fixed in this way, the collimation center point on the light receiving surface 116 of the CCD (this is the O-joint 3
Is located on a vertical line VL passing through the center P1 (V1) of the upper end section) and the focused image a on the light receiving surface 116 of the CCD (this is called a focused image deviation) A2. , The actual separation distance A1 of the LED 105 with respect to the vertical line VL (this is called a light source deviation) can be determined.

The hardware configuration has been described above. The software configuration will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, in the processing device 110, the measurement-side vertical reference point V1 which exists in the imaging-side horizontal plane L2 at a height position at which a focused image a is obtained in the vertical direction. The collimation center point as the imaging-side vertical reference point V2 vertically above the center P1 (V1) of the upper end cross section of the O-joint 3 and the in-focus image a
A focused image deviation detecting means 1101 for obtaining a focused image deviation A2 which is a horizontal separation distance from the optical system 112, and an image processing means 1102 for deriving a light source deviation A1 from the optical characteristics of the optical mechanism 112 based on the focused image deviation A2. ing. Therefore, the light source deviation detecting means 11 provided with these means 1101 and 1102
03 makes it possible to detect the light source deviation A1, which is the distance between the vertical line VL and the LED 105 in the horizontal direction. Further, the processing apparatus 110 is provided with a verticality detecting means 1104 for obtaining the verticality (θ) of the O-joint 3 (and the steel pipe 2) from the suspension depth D and the light source deviation A1 described later. The verticality θ can be obtained by the following equation. θ = arcsin (A1 / D) With the above configuration, the deviation in the horizontal direction of the LED 105 from the vertical line VL is obtained in the order of the focused image deviation A2 and the light source deviation A1 from the information captured by the CCD camera 108. Then, the verticality can be obtained from the relationship with the suspension depth D obtained in advance.

Next, based on FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 8, the suspension mechanism 102 and the LED capsule 10 described above will be described.
3 will be described. The device 101 is mounted on the mounting table 106 described above.
It is used for the operation of inserting the LED capsule 103 into the O-joint 3. Here, the suspension mechanism 102 is provided with a suspension depth detection mechanism (not shown) so that the suspension depth D can be detected. By the way, LED capsule 103
Is a suspension reference point P1 set at the upper end opening end of the O-joint 3.
A suspension body 1031 that can be suspended from the center P1 (V1) of the upper end section, and a suspension body 103 that becomes an upper end surface when suspended by the suspension mechanism 102.
An LED as a scattered light source at the center of the upper end face 1032 of 1
105 is provided. Therefore, the above-mentioned suspension depth D is equal to the upper-end cross-sectional center P1 (V1) as the suspension reference point P1, and
The distance from D105. Further, a lens 1033, a light receiving sensor 1034,
A configuration in which a substrate 1035 and the like are provided and optical control can be performed from the upper end side of the O-joint is adopted. Also, this LED
The capsule 103 projects from the outer peripheral portion of the suspension body 1031 and abuts on the inner peripheral wall 30 of the O-joint 3, and the LED 10.
5 is provided with a positioning mechanism 104 capable of positioning the O-joint 3 substantially at the center of the cross section. The positioning mechanism 104 includes a plurality of overhang members 1041 having an outer peripheral surface having a curvature substantially equal to the curvature of the inner peripheral wall 30 of the O-joint 3, and the suspension body 1031.
While preparing for an evenly distributed state in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral part of
It is provided so as to be able to protrude radially from the suspension body main body side. Further, a judging means 1042 is provided for judging that the positioning of the LED 105 is normally performed in a state where all of the plurality of overhang members 1041 are in contact with the inner peripheral wall 30 of the O-joint 3 during the overhang operation. That is, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the overhang member 1041 has an inner wall contact member 1043 having a constant curvature and a support for supporting the inner wall contact member 1043 movably in the radial direction of the O-joint 3. It comprises a member 1044 and a cam follower provided at the base end of the support member 1044, and the overhang member 1041 is formed in the radial direction with the rotation of the cam 1045 provided at the axis of the suspension body 1031. It is configured to be movable. In a normal state, the projecting member 1041 is urged toward the shaft, and
1 takes a retired position in the radial direction. Further, a pair of limit switches 1046 that can detect a specific position between the inner wall surface side of the O-joint 3 and the axis side of the suspension body 1031 are provided below the inner wall contact member 1043. Based on the information, the determination means 1042 determines whether all of the plurality of overhang members 1041 have come into contact with the inner peripheral wall 30 of the O-joint 3, and if the condition is satisfied, LE
It can be determined that satisfactory positioning of D105 has been completed. Further, at a lower end portion of the suspension body 1031, a waterlogging detection device 1037 having a pair of electrodes is provided.

The configuration of the verticality detector 1 has been described above, and its implementation will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 Center P of the cross section of the upper end of the O-joint 3 which is the cylindrical body to be measured
1 (V1) as the measurement-side vertical reference point V1,
An image capturing device 109 having a CD camera 108 and a vertical device 107 is set. This stage is called the first stage.
Therefore, in this state, the center P1 (V
A vertical line VL passing through 1) is specified, and an imaging-side vertical reference point (collimation center point) V2 on the imaging-side horizontal plane L2 is set on the vertical line VL. 2. Next, the LED capsule 103 is suspended and held at an arbitrary depth position by the suspension mechanism 102 from the center P1 (V1) of the upper end cross section of the O-joint 3 as the suspension reference point P1. And
The suspension depth D, which is the distance between the center P1 (V1) of the upper end section and the LED 105, is detected. Further, the LED 105 is positioned at the center of the cross-section of the O-joint 3 at the suspended depth position. This operation is performed by the rotation operation of the cam 1045 described above. Then, a focused image a of the LED 105 is obtained on the imaging-side horizontal plane L2. This stage is called a second stage. 3 After the above steps, the processing in the processing device 110 is performed. The process will be sequentially described. A focused image deviation detection unit 1101 calculates a focused image deviation A2 which is a horizontal separation distance between a collimation center point V2 existing in an imaging side horizontal plane L2 and a focused image a of the LED 105. From the in-focus image deviation A2, the light source deviation A1, which is the distance between the vertical line VL and the LED 105 in the horizontal direction, is calculated from the optical mechanism 11
The second optical characteristic is obtained by the image processing unit 1102. This stage is called a third stage, and this process is a process performed by the light source deviation detection unit 1103. 4 Further, the suspension depth D required in the second stage,
The verticality of the O-joint 3 is obtained by the verticality detecting means 1104 from the light source deviation A1 obtained in the third stage. This stage is called the fourth stage.

[Alternative Embodiment] In the above-described embodiment, the measurement of the verticality was performed on the pile, but the target object may be an arbitrary cylindrical body.

In the claims, reference numerals are provided for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in the accompanying drawings.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a construction state of a retaining wall.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a steel pipe pile.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a steel pipe pile.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a situation in which the verticality of a steel pipe pile is being measured.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a suspension body in an O-joint provided side by side with a steel pipe pile.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the suspension body in the O-joint.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical mechanism.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement principle.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Cylindrical body 30 Inner peripheral wall 102 Suspension mechanism 105 Scattered light source 1043 Inner wall contact member A1 Light source deviation A2 Focused image deviation D Suspension depth L2 Image-side horizontal plane P1 Suspension reference point V1 Measurement-side vertical reference point V2 Imaging-side vertical reference Point VL Vertical line a Focused image θ Verticality

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01C 9/00-9/36 E02D 13/06 G01B 11/26

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A focused image (a) of a light point inside a cylindrical body (3) to be measured by aligning an optical axis with a vertical line (VL) extending from a vertical reference point (V1) on the measurement side. An image capturing device provided with an optical mechanism (112) capable of obtaining an image on a horizontal plane (L2) on the imaging side located above the cylindrical body. Point (V
(1) a first stage disposed outside the upper end of the tubular body (3); and a suspension reference point (P1) in the tubular body (3).
The suspension mechanism (10
According to 2), the scattered light source (105) is suspended and held at an arbitrary depth position, and a suspended depth (D) which is a separation distance between the suspended reference point (P1) and the scattered light source (105) is detected. And the scattered light source (105) in a suspended state.
And the inner wall contact member (1043)
The inner peripheral wall (30) of the cylindrical body (3) can be abutted.
A second stage positioned at the center of the cross-section of the tubular body (3), and a second stage located on the imaging-side horizontal plane (L2) with respect to the measurement-side vertical reference point (V1). The in-focus image deviation (A2), which is the horizontal separation distance between the imaging-side vertical reference point (V2) vertically above and the in-focus image (a) of the scattered light source (105), is obtained. A third step of determining, from the deviation (A2), a light source deviation (A1) that is a horizontal separation distance between the vertical line (VL) and the scattered light source (105) from the optical characteristics of the optical mechanism (112); The suspension depth (D) determined in the first step;
A method for measuring the verticality of a cylindrical body, comprising a fourth step of obtaining a verticality (θ) of the cylindrical body (3) from the light source deviation (A1) obtained in the third step.