JP3090782B2 - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surveying instrument provided with a surveying instrument body rotatably provided about a vertical axis and a lens barrel provided on the surveying instrument body so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a surveying instrument has a surveying instrument main body 202 provided on a base 200 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis 201 as shown in FIG. The surveying instrument main body 202 is provided with a bubble tube 205 and an operation unit 206. The base 200 is attached to a fixed base 209, and the horizontal state of the base 200 can be adjusted with respect to the fixed base 209 by a leveling screw 210. This adjustment is performed while looking at the bubble tube 205.

[0003] A measuring beam is supplied to a lens barrel 204 to be measured.
(Not shown) and a telescope 207 having an optical system for receiving a light beam reflected by the object to be measured.
Is provided.

[0006] The operation unit 206 is provided with a display unit 208 for displaying the rotation angle of the surveying instrument body 202 and the elevation angle which is the rotation angle of the lens barrel 204.

In order to perform surveying, first, the base 202 is adjusted to a horizontal state with a leveling screw 210 while looking at the bubble tube 205. Thereafter, the telescope 207 is pointed at the object to be measured, and the elevation angle, distance, and the like are measured. Then, the surveying instrument main body 202 is rotated 180 degrees around the vertical axis 201 by operating a manual knob (not shown). Next, the telescope 20
The lens barrel 204 is moved to the horizontal axis 20 so that 7 faces the object to be measured.
By rotating the knob around the axis 3 by operating a manual knob, the elevation angle, distance, and the like are measured in the same manner.

In this manner, the forward / backward measurement is performed, and the measured values are added and multiplied by 倍 to cancel the error of the surveying instrument body 202 with respect to the vertical axis, thereby obtaining an accurate elevation angle and the like. ing.

[0007]

However, in the conventional surveying instrument, since the surveying instrument body 202 and the lens barrel 204 are rotated by manual operation of a manual knob, the operation is troublesome. was there.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a surveying instrument which can rotate a surveying instrument main body and a lens barrel with a simple operation.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a surveying instrument main body rotatably provided about a vertical axis, and a surveying instrument main body provided rotatably about a horizontal axis. In a surveying instrument having a lens barrel having a telescope that emits a measurement light beam toward a measurement object,
A forward / reverse switch for rotating the surveying instrument main body and the lens barrel, and a main body rotating means for rotating the surveying instrument main body 180 degrees about a vertical axis when the forward / reverse switch is pressed,
Lens barrel rotating means for rotating the lens barrel around a horizontal axis so that the emission direction of the measurement light beam of the optical system is directed toward the measurement object when the forward / reverse switch is pressed; and a telescope for moving the measurement object. And automatic collimating means for collimating at the center of the image.

[0010]

According to the present invention, when the forward / reverse switch is pressed, the main body rotating means rotates the surveying instrument main body about the vertical axis by 180 degrees, and the lens barrel rotating means changes the emission direction of the measuring light beam of the optical system. The lens barrel is rotated around the horizontal axis so as to face the object to be measured, and the automatic collimating means collimates the object to be measured to the center of the telescope.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a surveying instrument according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a survey stand, 2
Is a corner cube as a distance measuring object set at a measuring point. The survey stand 1 is installed on the ground here. The surveying instrument 1 is provided with a surveying instrument 3.

The surveying instrument 3 includes a fixed base 4 and a base 5 attached to the fixed base 4 as shown in FIGS. The angle between the plane 5a of the base 5 and the plane 4a of the fixed base 4 is equal to the leveling screws S, S, S.
Can be adjusted.

A bearing member 7 having a vertically extending bearing portion 6 is fixed to the base 5, and a vertically extending rotating shaft 8 is rotatably attached to the bearing portion 7.
A surveying instrument main body 50 is attached to the rotating shaft 8 so that the surveying instrument main body 10 can be rotated together with the rotating shaft 8 in the direction of arrow A with respect to the base 5 as shown in FIG.
A fine adjustment knob 55 for finely adjusting the elevation angle is provided on the surveying instrument body 50.
And a fine adjustment knob 56 for finely adjusting the horizontal angle.

The main body 50 of the surveying instrument is formed with two bulging portions 51 and 52 bulging upward from both sides, and a lens barrel portion 60 is disposed in a concave portion 53 between the bulging portions 51 and 52. Have been. The side plates 61 and 62 of the lens barrel 60 are provided with horizontal shafts 63 and 64 extending in the horizontal direction. The horizontal shafts 63 and 64 are mounted on the side plates 65 and 66 of the bulging portions 61 and 62 by bearings 67. , 68 so that the lens barrel 60 can rotate as shown by the arrow B in FIG.

The rotation of the surveying instrument main body 50
The motor 70 is mounted on the side plate 71 of the surveying instrument main body 50. The drive shaft 72 of the motor 70 is provided with a gear 73, which meshes with a spur gear 74 fixed to the bearing 6. The spur gear 74 is concentric with the rotating shaft 8. Thus, the spur gear 74 is driven by the driving of the motor 70.
The gear 73 rotates around the position of the surveying instrument main body 50.
Rotates around the axis (vertical axis) 8a together with the rotating shaft 8.

A scale plate 7 for a horizontal angle scale is provided above the rotating shaft 8.
The spur gear 74 is provided with a horizontal angle reading encoder 76 for reading the horizontal angle scale. The horizontal angle reading encoder 76 generates a pulse every time the horizontal angle scale plate 75 rotates by a small angle.

The lens barrel 60 is rotated by a motor 80 provided on the bulging portion 52. A gear 82 is provided on a drive shaft 81 of the motor 80, and the gear 82 is fixed to a horizontal shaft 64. Meshed with the spur gear 83. Thereby, the spur gear 83 rotates by the driving of the motor 80, and the horizontal shafts 63 and 64 rotate together with the lens barrel 60.

The horizontal axis 63 is provided with a scale plate 84 for a high / low angle scale. A high / low angle reading encoder 85 for reading the high / low angle scale is provided on the bulging portion 51. The elevation angle reading encoder 85 generates a pulse each time the elevation angle scale graduation plate 84 rotates by a minute angle.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the surveying instrument main body 50 is provided with a key operation unit 90, and a bubble tube 93 is provided above the key operation unit 90. The key operation unit 90 is provided with a display unit 91 made of a liquid crystal panel and a keyboard 92. The display unit 91 has a horizontal angle H,
The elevation angle V and the angles (+90 degrees, -90 degrees, 180 degrees) for rotating the surveying instrument body 50 or the lens barrel 60 are displayed.

The keyboard 92 is provided with key switches F1 to F3 corresponding to these angles and a key switch F4 for switching between a horizontal angle and a vertical angle. When the key switch F1 is switched to the horizontal angle, the key switch F1 is turned on. When pressed, the surveying instrument body 50 is rotated +90 degrees, and when the key switch F2 is pressed, the surveying instrument body 50 is rotated -90 degrees, and the key switch F is turned.
Pressing 3 rotates the surveying instrument main body 180 degrees. Similarly, when the angle is switched to the elevation angle, the key switch F4
When the button is pressed, the lens barrel 60 is rotated by 180 degrees.

F5 to F7 are key switches for setting the rotation speeds of the surveying instrument body 50 and the lens barrel 60 to high, middle and low, and T1 to T4.
Is a key switch for inputting the rotation direction. For example, while pressing T1, the surveying instrument main body 50 rotates to the left. When the key switches T1 and T3 and the key switches F1 to F3 are simultaneously pressed, the angles (+90 degrees,-
(90 degrees, 180 degrees).
For example, when the key switch T1 and the key switch F1 are pressed at the same time, the displayed value of +90 degrees increases,
When the key switch T1 and the key switch F1 are pressed at the same time, the displayed value of +90 degrees is decreased.

The main body 50 of the surveying instrument is provided with a normal / reverse switch 113 for performing normal / reverse measurement. When the forward / reverse switch 113 is pressed, the surveying instrument body 50
The lens is rotated by 80 degrees, and then the lens barrel 60 is rotated in a direction toward the object to be measured.

As shown in FIG. 7, the lens barrel 60 is provided with a collimating optical system (telescope) 9, a distance measuring optical system 10, and an automatic tracking optical system 11. The collimating optical system 9 plays a role of collimating the corner cube 2, and includes a cover glass 12, an objective lens 13, an optical path combining prism 14 as a first reflecting member, an optical path splitting prism 15, a focusing lens 16, a Porro prism 17. , A focusing mirror 18 and an eyepiece 19. The objective lens 13 has a through hole 20. The optical path combining prism 14 forms a part of the tracking light projecting system 11A of the automatic tracking optical system 11.

The automatic tracking optical system 11 functions to scan the object to be measured in the vertical and horizontal directions to automatically track the main body of the surveying instrument to the object to be measured, and the tracking light projecting system 11A includes the laser diode 21 and the collimator. Meter lens 22, horizontal deflection element 23, vertical deflection element 24, reflection prism 2
5, 25 '.

The laser diode 21 emits infrared laser light (wavelength 900 nm) as tracking light,
The collimator lens 22 converts the infrared laser light (measurement light beam) into a parallel light beam. Acousto-optic elements are used for the horizontal deflection element 23 and the vertical deflection element 24. As shown in FIG. 8, the horizontal deflection element 24 deflects the infrared laser light in the horizontal direction H, and the vertical deflection element 25 Deflects the infrared laser light deflected in the horizontal direction H in the vertical direction V. The optical path combining prism 14 is provided with an optical axis O of the tracking light projecting system 11A.
1 is the optical axis O of the collimating optical system 9 which is the optical axis of the objective lens 13
And has a reflecting surface 14a.

The reflecting surface 14a transmits light having a wavelength of 850 nm or less and reflects light having a wavelength of 900 nm. The infrared laser light deflected in the horizontal direction H and the vertical direction V is reflected by the reflection prisms 25 and 25 ′ and the reflection surface 1.
The light is reflected by 4a, guided to the objective lens 13, emitted to the outside of the surveying instrument body 8 through the through hole 20, and the corner cube 2 is scanned.

As shown in FIG. 9, the corner cube 2 is scanned in the horizontal direction H, and then scanned in the horizontal direction H while being deflected in the vertical direction V. 3 shows a beam spot of the infrared laser light P in a plane including the corner cube 2.

The infrared laser light P reflected by the corner cube 2 is condensed by the entire area of the objective lens 13 and guided to the optical path splitting prism 15. The optical path splitting prism 15 has a reflecting surface 15a and a reflecting surface 15b. Reflective surface 15
“a” reflects the infrared laser light P toward the tracking light receiving system 11B of the automatic tracking optical system 11. The tracking light receiving system 11B is roughly composed of a noise light removing filter 27 and a light receiving element 28, the optical axis O2 of the tracking light receiving system 11B is also matched with the optical axis O of the collimating optical system 9, and the optical path splitting prism 15 is It functions as a second reflecting member that reflects the external laser light toward the tracking light receiving system 11B.

The distance measuring optical system 10 includes a light projecting system 29 and a light receiving system 30.
The light projecting system 29 has a laser light source 31, and the light receiving system 30 has a light receiving element 33. The light projecting system 29 and the light receiving system 30 have a triangular prism 32. Laser light source 31
Emits an infrared laser light wave (measurement light beam) as a distance measurement light beam. Its wavelength is 800 nanometers, which is different from the wavelength of the infrared laser light P. The infrared laser light wave is reflected by the reflecting surface 32 a of the triangular prism 32 and guided to the reflecting surface 15 b of the optical path splitting prism 15.

The reflecting surface 15b transmits light in the visible region and plays a role in reflecting light in the infrared region including light having a wavelength of 800 nanometers. The infrared laser light wave guided to the reflection surface 15b passes through the reflection surface 15a, passes through the lower half area 34 of the objective lens 13 as shown in FIG. Is done.

The infrared laser light wave is reflected by the corner cube 2 and passes through the cover glass 12 to the objective lens 1.
3, the light is condensed by the upper half area 35 of the objective lens 13, passes through the reflecting surface 15a of the optical path splitting prism 15, and is guided to the reflecting surface 15b. The reflecting surface 15b reflects the reflecting surface 32b of the triangular prism 32. Led to the light receiving element 3
Converged to 3. The light receiving output of the light receiving element 33 is input to the automatic distance measuring circuit 103 (see FIG. 11), and the distance to the corner cube 2 is measured.

Therefore, the optical path splitting prism 15 makes the optical axis O3 of the distance measuring optical system coincide with the optical axis O of the collimating optical system.
It also functions as a reflection member.

It should be noted that the light beam in the visible region is
0, an optical path splitting prism 15, a focusing lens 16, and a focusing mirror 16, which are guided to a focusing mirror 18 via a porro prism 17. The measured person can collimate the object to be measured by looking through the visible image formed on the focusing mirror 18 through the eyepiece 19.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the surveying instrument. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 100 denotes a laser diode 21 for emitting laser light or a light receiving element 2.
8, a light emitting / receiving circuit for outputting a light receiving signal from the light receiving element 101; an automatic collimating circuit 101 for detecting the position of the object to be measured based on the light receiving signal from the light receiving element 28; A light emitting / light receiving circuit for outputting a light receiving signal from the element 33, and an automatic distance measuring circuit 103 for measuring a distance to an object to be measured based on the light receiving signal of the light receiving element 33.

Reference numeral 104 denotes a memory for storing the distance obtained by the automatic distance measuring circuit 103, angles set by the key switches F1 to F4, T1, T3, and the like. Reference numeral 110 denotes a position obtained by the automatic collimating circuit 101 at the center of the telescope. The motor can be controlled to automatically follow the object to be measured, or key switches F1 to F
7, based on the operation of T1 to T4, the surveying instrument body 50 and the lens barrel 6
This is a control device including a microcomputer or the like for rotating 0.

When the forward / reverse switch 113 is pressed, the control device 110 drives the motor 70 to rotate the surveying instrument body 50 around the vertical axis by 180 degrees, and then drives the motor 80 to move the lens barrel 80 to the horizontal axis. The objective lens 13 is turned to the measurement object side by rotating around the axes 63 and 64. The control device 110 and the motor 70 constitute a main body rotating unit, and the control device 110 and the motor 80 constitute a lens barrel rotating unit.

Reference numeral 111 denotes an external input / output circuit for outputting data and the like stored in the memory to the external computer 112, and reference numerals 114 and 115 denote drivers for driving the motors 70 and 80.

Next, the operation of the surveying instrument 3 constructed as described above will be described.

First, the surveying instrument 3 is set on the surveying stand 1. Next, while watching the bubble tube 93, the base 5 is adjusted by the leveling screws S, S, S so as to be in a horizontal state.
When this adjustment is completed, the angle is switched to the horizontal angle by operating the key switch F4, and the key switch F3 is pressed. When the key switch F3 is pressed, the controller 110
Drives the motor 70 to rotate the surveying instrument main body 50. The horizontal angle scale 75 is rotated together with the surveying instrument main body 50, and a pulse is generated each time the horizontal angle scale 75 is rotated by a minute angle from the horizontal angle reading encoder 76.

The controller 110 counts the number of pulses, and stops driving the motor 70 when the counted number reaches a number corresponding to a rotation angle of 180 degrees. As a result, the surveying instrument main body 50 is rotated by 180 degrees.

Then, the leveling screws S, S, S are adjusted in the same manner as described above to bring the base 5 into a horizontal state. Next, the surveying instrument main body 50 is rotated by 90 degrees, and a leveling operation for keeping the base 5 horizontal by the same operation as described above is performed.

When the leveling operation is completed, the surveying instrument main body 50 is pointed at the object to be measured, and a forward / backward measurement is performed. Surveying instrument body 50
If there is an error with respect to the vertical axis, the error can be removed by forward / reverse measurement.

In the forward / reverse measurement, first, a laser beam is emitted from the laser light source 31, and the object to be measured is collimated by the automatic collimating circuit 101 to the center of the telescope (collimating optical system 9), and the height of the object is measured. Measure angles and distances (positive measurement).

After the measurement is completed, the normal / reverse switch 113 is pressed. Thereby, the control device 110 drives the motor 70 to rotate the surveying instrument main body 50. The horizontal angle scale 75 is rotated together with the surveying instrument main body 50, and a pulse is generated each time the horizontal angle scale 75 is rotated by a minute angle from the horizontal angle reading encoder 76.

The controller 110 counts the number of pulses, and stops driving the motor 70 when the counted number reaches a number corresponding to a rotation angle of 180 degrees. Thereby, the surveying instrument main body 50 is rotated by 180 degrees.

Next, the control device 110 drives the motor 80 to rotate the lens barrel 60 around the horizontal axis, and directs the objective lens 13 toward the object to be measured. The rotation angle of the lens barrel 60 is determined based on the elevation angle obtained by the above measurement. For example, the angle α between the vertical line and the optical axis O of the objective lens 13 is calculated from the elevation angle, and the angle α is doubled. If the lens barrel 60 is rotated about the horizontal axis by this angle 2α, the objective lens 13 will be substantially directed to the object to be measured.

The angle at which the lens barrel 60 is rotated is obtained by the control device 110 from the number of pulses generated by the elevation angle scale plate 84.

When the objective lens 13 is substantially directed to the object to be measured, the object to be measured is collimated by the automatic collimating circuit 101 to the center of the telescope, and the distance to the object to be measured and the elevation angle are measured (anti-measurement). Add the measurement results obtained in this positive / reverse measurement and add 1
By multiplying by two, it is possible to obtain a vertical angle or the like in which an error with respect to the vertical axis of the surveying instrument main body 50 is canceled.

In this manner, the surveying instrument main body 50 is automatically rotated by 180 degrees just by pressing the forward / reverse switch 113, and the lens barrel 60 is automatically rotated so that the objective lens 13 faces the object to be measured. , Auto-collimating, as before,
There is no need to manually operate the manual knob to rotate the surveying instrument body 50 and the lens barrel 60, and the operation is very simple.

In the above embodiment, the forward / reverse switch 113 is provided outside the keyboard 92, but may be provided on the keyboard 92.

[0052]

According to the present invention, at the time of forward / backward measurement,
When the forward / reverse switch is pressed, the main body rotating means rotates the surveying instrument main body 180 degrees around the vertical axis, and the lens barrel rotating means moves the lens barrel so that the emission direction of the measurement light beam of the optical system is directed to the object to be measured. Since automatic collimation is performed by rotating around the horizontal axis, there is no need to manually operate the manual knob to rotate the surveying instrument main body and the lens barrel as in the related art, and the operation is very simple.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an installation state of a surveying instrument according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an installation state of a surveying instrument according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an operation side (back side) of the surveying instrument according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the front side of the surveying instrument according to the present invention,

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a rotation mechanism of the surveying instrument;

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an operation unit;

FIG. 7 is an optical layout diagram showing an optical system of the surveying instrument;

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating deflection by an automatic tracking optical system.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of scanning by the automatic tracking optical system.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the objective lens shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the surveying instrument;

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a conventional surveying instrument.

[Explanation of symbols]

 9 collimating optical system (telescope) 50 surveying instrument main body 60 lens barrel 70 motor 80 motor 101 automatic collimating circuit 110 controller 113 forward / reverse switch

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Ikuna Ikunabe 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Topcon, Inc. (72) Inventor Ryuji Musashi 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Inside Topcon, Inc. (72 ) Inventor Hiroshi Inaba 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Inside Topcon Corporation (72) Inventor Masahiro Saito 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Inside Topcon Corporation (56) References 1-308913 (JP, A) Fully open sho 59-77008 (JP, U) Fully open sho 61-15512 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01C 15/00 -15/14

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A mirror having a surveying instrument body rotatably provided about a vertical axis, a telescope provided on the surveying instrument body so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis, and emitting a measuring light beam toward an object to be measured. In a surveying instrument having a cylindrical portion, a forward / reverse switch for rotating the surveying device main body and the lens barrel portion, and when the forward / reverse switch is pressed, the surveying device main body is rotated 180 degrees around a vertical axis. Main body rotation means, lens barrel rotation means for rotating the lens barrel around a horizontal axis so that the emission direction of the measurement light beam of the optical system is directed toward the measurement target when the forward / reverse switch is pressed, A surveying instrument provided with automatic collimating means for collimating an object to be measured at the center of the telescope. 2. An object to be measured before pressing said forward / reverse switch.
The measured value and the object to be measured after the forward / reverse switch is pressed
Automatically determine the elevation angle error based on the measured
The surveying instrument according to claim 1, wherein