JP3243962B2 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the separation of metal and resin when crushing equipment using a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, such as a refrigerator, and the particle size of the separated resin. To the desired distribution, the amount of CFCs released in urethane during crushing / the initial CFC content in urethane (hereinafter, referred to as
Recorded as CFC degassing rate. ) To reduce hammer crushers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a general conventional technique of a hammer crusher, for example, a hammer that rotates a crushed material input from an input port at a high speed, such as a hammer crusher described in a document such as a powder engineering handbook, is used. A configuration in which impact crushing is performed by a repulsion plate installed on the inner wall of the crusher and a slight classifying action is performed in a great provided below the crusher is introduced. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-226123, a recent hammer crusher is used to crush small objects such as refrigerators in which metal and resin are adhered so that they can be recycled and separate them into individual materials. For this reason, a rotor provided with a plurality of hammers is provided in the crushing chamber, a collision member having a predetermined interval with the hammer is provided, and a plurality of steps are provided on the surface of the collision member where the crushed object collides. Furthermore,
The crushed fragments (hereinafter, raw materials are referred to as crushed materials, and raw materials crushed in a crushing chamber are referred to as crushed fragments) are reduced to a predetermined size or less, and the great structure to be discharged and the gap of the great to determine the size of the crushed fragments. Adjustment mechanisms and the like have been proposed.

[0003]

In the hammer crusher described in the above-mentioned publications such as the Powder Engineering Handbook, when a crushed piece crushed by impact by the hammer and the repulsion plate collides with a great provided in the lower portion of the crusher. The crushed pieces are separated into discharged crushed pieces that pass through the grate with a probability according to the size of the crushed pieces and the size of the crushed pieces, or residual crushed pieces that are repelled and reground by the great, and the crushed pieces have a particle size distribution.

For example, when a crushed piece impact-crushed by a hammer and the repulsion plate collides with a grate of a square opening having an aperture ratio of ε and a side a, spherical particles having an average particle diameter μ inscribed in the square opening Assuming that the crushed fragments pass only in the inner region connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles, the product p of the aperture ratio and the particle passage probability (hereinafter referred to as the opening particle passage ratio p) is expressed by the following equation.

[0005]

(Equation 1)

Therefore, the particle size distribution is generated in the crushed pieces by the opening particle passage rate p.

On the other hand, when crushing equipment such as a refrigerator that uses a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon varies depending on the particle size distribution of the crushed resin. At this time, as the average particle size obtained from the particle size distribution is larger, the degassing rate of CFCs becomes smaller, and air pollution can be reduced. However, in general, obtaining crushed pieces having a large average particle size has a disadvantage that it is difficult to separate different kinds of materials when a metal and a resin are bonded, such as a refrigerator. For example, the hammer crusher disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-226123 has a structure in which crushed materials in which metal and resin are adhered are crushed into small pieces so that they can be separated according to material. In other words, it is not considered in terms of reduction of the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate, and it can be said that the apparatus mainly focuses on separation by material so that it can be recycled. In addition, a general hammer crusher is not a refrigerator-only crusher because its main purpose is to crush entire home appliances.

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a hammer crusher in which the object is crushing of a refrigerator, the emission of chlorofluorocarbons caused by the crushing of the refrigerator to the atmosphere is reduced, and the material can be separated by material with a recyclable particle size distribution. It is in.

[0009]

An object of the present invention is to provide an input port for charging a material to be crushed having a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a constituent material, and to subject the crushed material input from the input port to impact with a hammer and a repulsion plate. In a crushing chamber to be crushed, and in a hammer crusher having a great for discharging crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber, the crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber, in particular, those having an average particle diameter of the urethane resin group of 20 to 30 mm. It can be achieved by setting the opening particle passage rate p of the above-mentioned great to 0.4 or more.

[0010] Further, it can be achieved by installing an apparatus for adsorbing CFCs in the hammer crusher with activated carbon or the like, depending on the degree of CFC degassing generated at the time of crushing.

[0011]

The object to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber from the inlet is hit by a high-speed rotating hammer, and the crushed pieces are impact-crushed by a repulsion plate installed on the inner wall of the crusher. For example, when a crushed piece crushed by a hammer and the repulsion plate collides with a grate manufactured with a urethane resin average particle diameter μ = 20 mm and an opening particle passage rate p = 0.4, the size of the crushed piece and The discharged crushed pieces that pass through the great at a probability according to the size of the crushed pieces, and the remaining crushed pieces that are repelled and reground by the great, are separated into particle size distributions. Since this particle size distribution is separated by the great, the average particle size becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed Freon leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced.

The grounds for the above-mentioned great structure were obtained from the results of experiments conducted by us and are as follows.

When the refrigerator is crushed by a hammer crusher, the particle size of the urethane is 50 mm or more (5 mm to 50 mm is dominant, and the thickness of the urethane is about 50 mm on average) from the fine powder state. As a result of organizing the cumulative weight relative frequency with respect to logarithmic normal probability paper, it was found that the particle size distribution of crushed fragments, especially urethane, can be treated as a normal distribution with an average particle size μ = 10 mm, and the distribution function is as follows: all right.

[0014]

(Equation 2)

Here, x is a urethane particle diameter, and A1 and B1 are constants. Further, when the average particle diameter μ of urethane is 10 mm, the opening particle passage rate p of the hammer crusher great is 0.4.

Accordingly, the relationship between the average particle diameter μ and the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate F and the selection of the average particle diameter μ within a range where the metal and the urethane resin can be separated (30 mm or less) make it possible to reduce the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate from the conventional one. A low great dimension can be determined. From the experimental results, it was found that the relationship between the average particle size μ and the CFC degassing rate F can be approximated by the following equation.

[0017]

(Equation 3)

Here, A, B, C, D and E are constants.

As described above, even with the hammer crusher having a reduced chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate, if the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate exceeds the emission gas regulation value, a device for adsorbing the gas in the hammer crusher with activated carbon or the like is provided. This makes it possible to more completely prevent the emission of CFCs into the atmosphere. In addition, since the specifications of the adsorption device are determined depending on the amount of degassing, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon is reduced as much as possible, so that the adsorption device can be made compact and low-cost.

Claims 3 to 6 in the claims limit the great structure, and have the same effect as in the first aspect. For example, the third aspect is the one in which the great shape is a square lattice, and Average particle size of resin is 20mm, 30mm
The aperture at the time of is 200 mm, 300
mm. In this case, the CFC deaeration rate can be estimated from Equation 3. Great dimensions can be obtained by similarly calculating the shapes of the other claims.

[0021]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. FIG.
Is a conceptual diagram of a hammer crusher. In FIG.
1 is a device using a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, such as a refrigerator, and a coarse crusher (not shown).
The crushed material crushed into a size that can be introduced into the hammer crusher by 2 etc., 2 is an input port for charging the crushed material 1 provided on the upper portion of the hammer crusher, 3 is the crushed material 1 introduced into the crushing chamber 7. Introducing tray 4, rotating drum rotating at high speed, 5 installed on rotating drum 4, hammer driven together with rotating drum 4, 6 repulsion plate installed on inner wall of crusher, 7 crushed thrown in from inlet 2 A crushing chamber 8 for crushing the object 1 with a hammer 5 and a repulsion plate 6, and a crushing chamber 8.
The crushed pieces 9 crushed in the crushing chamber 7 are provided at the lower portion of the crushing chamber 7 and are great for discharging the crushed pieces 8 crushed in the crushing chamber 7.
Is a discharged crushed piece that passes through the opening of the great 9 and 10b is a residual crushed piece that is repelled and re-crushed by the great 9.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. Input port 2
To be crushed 1 introduced into the crushing chamber 7 from the
The crushed object 1 is sent to the crushing chamber 7 and struck by the hammer 5 rotating at a high speed. The crushed pieces 8 are separated into those that are returned to the introduction tray 3 by the repulsion plate 6 and those that pass between the rotary drum 4 and the repulsion plate 6, and those that are returned to the introduction tray 3 are subjected to the same impact as above. Crushed. The crushed pieces 8 that have passed between the rotating drum 4 and the repulsion plate 6 fall from the crushing chamber 7 to the great 9. For example, the crushed pieces 8 impact-crushed by the hammer 5 and the repulsion plate 6 form urethane resin average particle diameter μ.
= 20 mm, and the crushed pieces 10a passing through the great 9 with a probability according to the size of the crushed pieces 8 and the size of the crushed pieces 8 when colliding with the great 9 manufactured with the opening particle passage rate p = 0.4. And the remaining crushed pieces 10b which are returned to the introduction tray 3 by the transfer by the rotating drum and the impact by the hammer, and are re-crushed. Therefore,
A particle size distribution having a certain probability and a certain average particle size occurs in the discharged crushed pieces 10a. Since this particle size distribution is separated by the grate 9, the average particle size becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed Freon leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced. Further, since the urethane resin has a particle size distribution of average particle size μ = 20 to 30 mm, it can be separated for each material, and there is no problem in recycling. Further, as described above, even in the hammer crusher in which the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate is reduced, if the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate exceeds the emission gas regulation value, by installing a device that adsorbs the gas in the hammer crusher with activated carbon or the like, The emission of CFCs into the atmosphere can be more completely prevented. Further, since the specifications of the adsorption device are determined depending on the amount of degassing, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon is reduced as much as possible, so that the adsorption device can be reduced in size and cost.

The great 9 can have various structures as defined in claims 3 to 6, and the effect is the same as that of the structure defined in claim 1.

FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show a case where the great 9 is a square great.
The square opening 11 having an aperture ratio of 0.49 is formed on a substantially great surface having a side of 980 mm.
Square grate having 12 pieces, 12 is a spherical particle having an average particle diameter μ = 20 mm, 13 is a square having a side of 180 mm inside a broken line connecting the midpoint of the spherical particle 12 when the spherical particle 12 is inscribed in the square grate 9a. It is a particle passage.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a case where the great 9 is a rectangular great.
mm, a rectangular opening having a long side of 302 mm, 9b is a rectangular great having 10 rectangular openings 14 having an aperture ratio of 0.49 on a substantial great surface of 965 mm on a side, and 15 is a spherical particle 12 inscribed in the rectangular great 9b. In the case, inside the broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles 12, the short side is 131 mm,
It is a rectangular particle passage opening having a long side of 282 mm.

FIG. 4 shows a case where the grade 9 is a circular great, 16 is a circular opening having a circular diameter of 200 mm, and 9c is a circular opening 16 having an aperture ratio of 0.49 on a substantially great surface having a side of 980 mm. A circular great having twelve pieces (not shown: for example, the arrangement may be the same as a square great), 17 is a diameter inside the broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles 12 when the spherical particles 12 are inscribed in the square great 9c. It is a circular particle passage opening of 180 mm.

FIG. 5 shows a case where grade 9 is an elliptical great, 18 is an elliptical opening having a minor axis of 200 mm and a major axis of 288 mm, and 9d is 1008 m on each side.
elliptical opening 1 with an aperture ratio of 0.49 on the substantial great surface of m
6 is an elliptical great having 10 pieces (not shown: for example, the arrangement may be the same as a rectangular great), 19 is a spherical particle 12
Are inscribed in the rectangular great 9d.
Inside the broken line connecting the midpoints, the minor axis is 180 mm and the major axis is 2
It is an oval particle passage opening of 68 mm.

[0028]

According to the present invention, the average particle size of the crushed pieces discharged from the crusher becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed Freon leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced. Further, since the urethane resin has a particle size distribution of average particle size μ = 20 to 30 mm, it can be separated for each material, and there is no problem in recycling.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a hammer crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a front view showing a square great, and FIG.
Is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

FIG. 3A is a front view showing a rectangular great, and FIG.
Is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a front view partially showing a circular great.

FIG. 5 is a front view partially showing an elliptical great.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushed object, 2 ... Inlet, 3 ... Introduction tray, 4 ... Rotating drum, 5 ... Hammer, 6 ... Rebound plate, 7 ... Crushing chamber, 8 ...
Piece to be crushed, 9: Great, 9a: Square great, 9b
... Rectangle Great, 9c ... Circular Great, 9d ... Elliptical Great, 10a ... Dischargeable Crushed Piece, 10b ... Remaining Crushable Piece, 11 ... Square Opening, 12 ... Average Particle, 13 ... Square Particle Passage, 14 ... Rectangle Opening, 15: rectangular particle passage, 16: circular opening, 17: circular particle passage, 1
8 ... elliptical opening, 19 ... elliptical particle passage.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Takamura 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Kazamatsu, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Inside the Kasado Plant of Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Tokuaki Hara 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Ltd.Hitachi Co., Ltd. Inside the Kasado Factory (56) References JP-A-1-215356 (JP, A) JP-A-6-184348 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 13 / 00-13/31 B09B 1/00-5/00 B29B 17/00-17/02

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] An input port into which an object to be crushed having a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a constituent material is input, a crushing chamber for impact crushing the object to be input from the input port with a hammer and a repulsion plate, In a hammer crusher having a great size for discharging crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber, the average particle size of the crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber is 20 to 3
A hammer crusher characterized in that the product of the probability of passing a crushed piece of 0 mm through the above-mentioned great and the opening ratio of the above-mentioned great is 0.4 or more. 2. The hammer crusher according to claim 1, wherein the crushed pieces having an average particle size of 20 to 30 mm are mainly composed of a urethane resin group. 3. The opening of the great is square,
3. The hammer crusher according to claim 2, wherein one side of the square opening has a diameter of about 200 to 300 mm and an aperture ratio of about 0.49 for the thing having an average particle diameter of 20 to 30 mm. 4. The hammer crusher according to claim 2 , wherein each opening of said great is rectangular . 5. The above-mentioned great is a perforated plate having a combination of circular openings, and the diameter of the circular openings is 20 to
For objects of 30 mm, 200-300 mm, aperture ratio 0.4
9. The hammer crusher according to claim 2, wherein the hammer crusher is set to about 9. 6. The above-mentioned great is a perforated plate in which elliptical openings are combined, and the minor axis of the elliptical openings has an average particle size of 2 or more.
For objects of 0 to 30 mm, 200 to 300 mm, aperture ratio of 0.
3. The hammer crusher according to claim 2, wherein said hammer crusher is approximately 49.