JP4737838B2 - Explosion-proof crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for recovering various members constituting it from various used devices, and more specifically, combustible fine powder and combustible gas are placed in a specific space equipped with a rotating hammer. The present invention relates to a crushing method and an apparatus for supplying various used equipment using a containing member to be subjected to a separation process.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various used devices are crushed into constituent units for each material for the purpose of reusing the components that make up the device, and then sorted by material so that it can be recycled. At this time, there is a method using a crushing device equipped with a hammer rotating in a specific closed space as an effective method for crushing various devices to a size that allows effective separation. According to this method, the used equipment that has been thrown in is continuously struck by a rotating hammer to destroy the joints of the members, and further, the size of a single material unit is taken into account by the collision of the destroyed members. It will be crushed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the above-mentioned crushing method, hydrocarbons which are combustible materials such as cyclopentane which is a foaming agent of a heat insulating material and butane which is a refrigerant of a compressor for cooling, toners used in copying machines, etc. If various devices containing flammable fine powder are put into the crushing apparatus described above, for example, cyclopentane in the bubbles constituting the heat insulating material is scattered and accumulated in the apparatus, and mixed with air. There has been a problem that a spark is generated when a concentration in the explosion range is reached and a metal such as iron collides with another to cause an explosion.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-87415 describes a method and apparatus for liquefying and recovering foaming gas from waste. The presence or absence of cyclopentane is detected, and if detected, the atmosphere is treated as an inert gas atmosphere. The point is disclosed. However, nothing is described about a technique for detecting a concentration value of a combustible gas such as cyclopentane and injecting a non-combustible gas based on this concentration value before reaching the limit amount leading to combustion or explosion. Absent.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and in particular, even if various devices containing flammable gas or fine powder are put into a crushing device and crushing, explosion or combustion is caused. An object of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof crushing method and explosion-proof crusher for equipment that can be safely processed without coming.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An explosion-proof crusher for equipment according to the present invention is an explosion-proof crusher for crushing various used equipment using a member containing combustible fine powder or combustible gas using a hammer rotating in a specific space. A state is provided on the wall surface forming the specific space, and a densitometer for sensing the concentration value of the combustible fine powder or combustible gas is housed on the side wall surface corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer. A plurality of convex objects having long sides in a direction orthogonal to the rotation direction of the hammer are provided with the front side inclined with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer, and the incombustible gas outlet is arranged in the rotation direction of the hammer. On the other hand, it is provided on the side of the convex corresponding to the back side.
[0007]
Further, an explosion-proof crusher for an apparatus according to the present invention is an explosion-proof crusher that crushes various used apparatuses using a member containing a combustible fine powder or a combustible gas using a hammer rotating in a specific space. A convex object having a long side in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the hammer is provided on the wall surface portion forming the inside of the specific space, and a non-combustible gas outlet is provided in the convex object. , Provided on the side of the convex corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotating direction of the hammer.
[0008]
Further, an explosion-proof crusher for an apparatus according to the present invention is an explosion-proof crusher that crushes various used apparatuses using a member containing a combustible fine powder or a combustible gas using a hammer rotating in a specific space. A convex object having a long side in a direction orthogonal to the rotation direction of the hammer is provided on the wall surface portion forming the inside of the specific space, and a non-combustible gas ejection port is provided in the convex object, orthogonal to the rotation direction of the hammer. A plurality of convex objects having long sides in the direction are provided with the front side inclined with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer, and the non-combustible gas ejection port corresponds to the rear side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer. It is provided on the side of the object.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 to 3 are diagrams showing Embodiment 1, FIG. 1 is a plan view of an explosion-proof crusher, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the explosion-proof crusher, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flow of crushing processing.
As shown in the figure, in a space having a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 2 m and having an opening in the upper part, the length of the center of the rotary shaft 1 that is located at the center and driven by the motor 14 is 20 cm on a side and 80 cm long. A steel hammering portion 3 having a thickness of 15 cm and a diameter of 30 cm is held at the tip of the steel shaft 2 and has a hammer 4 that rotates at a speed of 100 to 1200 revolutions per minute. A wall with a convex portion 5 having a side of 10 cm and a long side of 80 cm in a direction orthogonal to the rotation direction of the hammer 4 and a space of 15 cm between the hammer 4 and an upper position inclined to form a space. A crusher provided in the section 6.
[0010]
Furthermore, a densitometer 7 for measuring the concentrations of dust and combustible gas is provided at a position corresponding to the back side of the convex object 5 with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer 4. These densitometers 7 are used to detect an arbitrary concentration before being used to burn or explode when various kinds of used equipment using members containing fine powder and combustible gas are crushed in the specific space 8 Is.
[0011]
Since the front side of the convex 5 is inclined with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer 4, crushing pieces of the member collide and bounce back toward the center, so that the number of collisions with the hammer 4 is increased and the crushing efficiency is increased. be able to.
[0012]
Further, if the densitometer 7 is installed in the gap of the convex object 5, particularly in the lower position, it is possible to prevent the fragments of each member from colliding with each other, which is effective in preventing damage.
[0013]
Of the refrigerator 9 which is a used and discarded equipment and is a low-temperature storage device, one using urethane foam foamed with cyclopentane as a heat insulating material is put into the crushing device equipped with the rotating hammer 4 described above. Then, the urethane foam, which is a heat insulating material in the gap between the outer box of the thin steel plate constituting the heat insulating box in the specific space 8 of the crushing apparatus and the inner box, which is a vacuum molded product of the ABS resin sheet, The joints of various injection molded products of polystyrene, which is an interior material bonded or screwed to the inner box, are broken and crushed, and the crushed members are further crushed. At this time, the foaming urethane, which is the heat insulating material of the refrigerator, destroys the cells constituting it and releases cyclopentane, which is the foaming agent inside.
[0014]
This cyclopentane has a characteristic that causes rapid combustion in the concentration range of 1.4 to 9.8 vol%, that is, an explosion. This is based on the concentration value sensed by the densitometer 7 before reaching the limit amount leading to an explosion. Nitrogen gas, which is an incombustible gas, is injected into the space from the nitrogen gas outlet 11 of the crushing device, and discharged through the lightweight object outlet 10 above with the pulverized urethane foam, which is a lightweight object, by the momentum of the injection. To do.
[0015]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a signal instructing nitrogen gas injection should be set when 0.28 vol% which is 1/5 of 1.4 vol% which is the lower limit of explosion is reached. In this case, nitrogen gas can be injected before reaching the explosion concentration range, so that further safety can be ensured.
[0016]
In this case, the same effect can be obtained by injecting carbon dioxide gas as a nonflammable gas, and if it is used with water vapor, it suppresses the accumulation of static electricity generated when the crushed resin molded product is rubbed. Therefore, even if the concentration of cyclopentane falls within the explosion range, an effect of suppressing explosion by reducing the chance of ignition due to electrostatic discharge can be obtained.
[0017]
In the above embodiment, cyclopentane has been described as an example of the combustible gas. However, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied not only to cyclopentane but also to other incombustible gases such as butane.
The same applies to combustible fine powder.
[0018]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
A crusher similar to that of the first embodiment, in which a densitometer 7 such as cyclopentane is installed at the same position on the wall surface forming the space, and further, the hammer is located on the back side with respect to the rotation of the hammer 4 of the convex object 5 A nitrogen gas outlet 11 is provided on the wall surface facing the outer peripheral position where the 4 rotates, and the nitrogen gas outlet is further discharged from the lightweight object outlet 10 located 100 cm upward from the rotational outer peripheral position of the hammer 4. It is configured.
[0019]
Immediately after the refrigerator 9 is charged, compressed air is blown out from the nitrogen gas outlet 11, and the cyclopentane scattered from the broken cell together with the crushed powder of urethane foam, which is a heat insulating material separated from the inner box and the outer box by crushing. Are also suppressed, reaching the lower limit of the explosion concentration range.
[0020]
However, when the large refrigerator or the amount of processing increases, the amount of cyclopentane discharged also increases and stays in the crusher. At this time, the cyclopentane densitometer set 0.28 vol%, which is 1/5 of the lower limit of the concentration within the explosion range of the flammable foaming agent, as a dangerous value. If the densitometer 7 senses this, nitrogen gas is ejected, and in some cases, the ejection of compressed air is stopped to reduce the air concentration to avoid danger.
[0021]
At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, if the charging of the refrigerator 9 is stopped together with an alarm, or if the rotation speed of the hammer is reduced to stir the inside of the crusher and the crushing is stopped in some cases, the further crushing is stopped. Effective in avoiding danger.
[0022]
In addition, the inner wall is inclined toward the center as the wall surface forming the specific space 8 is at the upper part of the hammer 4 and at the lower part of the lightweight object discharge port 10, specifically, the height of the hammer 4 from 50 cm to 70 cm. By providing a surface, specifically, a structure in which the diameter contracts from 2 m to 1.2 m, it is possible to efficiently perform replacement with air at a position where the above-described fragment fragments accompanies the ejection of nitrogen.
[0023]
Further, the nitrogen gas outlet 11 is located on the side of the convex object 5 provided on the wall surface inside the crusher, and is provided at a position corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotation of the hammer 4 so that the crushed object collides. It can be prevented from being destroyed.
[0024]
In the above-described embodiment, the nitrogen gas outlet 11 is provided on the side of the convex body 5 and provided at a position corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotation of the hammer 4. However, as shown in FIG. The air or the non-combustible gas outlet 12 may be provided.
[0025]
Reference form .
FIG. 4 is a view showing a reference form , and is a longitudinal sectional view of an explosion-proof crusher. Same as the first embodiment in which the convex object 5 is provided on the wall surface forming the space, and the cyclopentane densitometer 7 is installed at the back side of the hammer 4 in the rotational direction and the hammer 4 is opposed to the rotational position. In addition, the nitrogen gas outlet 11 that is a non-combustible gas is set to be injected from the upper direction of the inner wall surface of the crusher, specifically from a position of 1.5 m, A lightweight object discharge port 10 and a heavy object discharge port 13 are provided on the wall surface on the lower or outer periphery of the hammer 4 so that the crushed material is discharged.
[0026]
Immediately after the refrigerator 9 is charged, compressed air is jetted from the nitrogen gas outlet 11, and the cyclohexane scattered from the broken cell together with the crushed powder of urethane foam, which is a heat insulating material separated from the inner box and the outer box by crushing. Pentane is also discharged to prevent reaching the lower limit of the explosion concentration range.
[0027]
Further, at this time, it is preferable to close the charging port of the refrigerator 9 with the opening / closing lid 16 because the replacement of nitrogen can be performed easily and efficiently.
[0028]
At this time, the above-described lightweight object discharge port 10 is characterized by comprising a lattice having an arbitrary gap, specifically, an arbitrary width of 10 to 100 mm, whereby excessively large particles are discharged to the outside. Is prevented. If the lightweight object discharge port 10 is provided at a position slightly protruding from the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder, the particles do not stay and clog the lattice.
[0029]
Further, since the light-weight discharge port 10 is directly connected to a sorter that applies the difference in air floating based on the difference in specific gravity, it can be efficiently used without wasting the injected air and nitrogen gas.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, based on the concentration value of the combustible fine powder and combustible gas detected by the densitometer, the incombustible gas is introduced into the specific space before reaching the limit amount leading to combustion or explosion. Injecting and discharging flammable fine powder and flammable gas to maintain safety within the limit amount, so various devices containing flammable gas and fine powder are put into the crushing device and crushed However, it is possible to provide an explosion-proof crushing method and an explosion-proof crusher for equipment that can be safely processed without causing explosion or combustion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing Embodiments 1 and 2, and is a plan view of an explosion-proof crusher.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an explosion-proof crusher, showing Embodiments 1 and 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the first and second embodiments and is a diagram showing a flow of crushing processing;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a reference embodiment , and is a longitudinal sectional view of an explosion-proof crusher.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating shaft, 2 axis | shafts, 3 hit | damage part, 4 hammer, 5 convex object, 6 wall surface part, 7 densitometer, 8 specific space, 9 refrigerator, 10 lightweight object discharge port, 12 air or nonflammable gas ejection port, 13 Heavy load outlet, 14 motor, 15 front side with respect to rotation direction, 16 open / close lid.

Claims (3)

  In an explosion-proof type crusher that uses a hammer that rotates in a specific space to crush various used equipment that uses combustible fine powder or a member containing a flammable gas, the convex object is placed on the wall surface that forms the specific space. A concentration meter that senses the concentration value of the combustible fine powder or combustible gas on the side wall surface corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer, and has a long side in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the hammer. A plurality of convex objects having a front side inclined with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer, and a nonflammable gas ejection port corresponding to the rear side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer. Explosion-proof type crusher characterized by being provided in   An explosion-proof crusher that uses a hammer that rotates in a specific space to crush used equipment that uses combustible fine powder or a member containing a flammable gas, and has a long side in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the hammer Protruding object is provided on the wall surface part forming the inside of the specific space, the non-combustible gas spout is provided in the convex object, and the incombustible gas spout corresponds to the back side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer. An explosion-proof crusher provided on the side of an object.   An explosion-proof crusher that uses a hammer that rotates in a specific space to crush used equipment that uses combustible fine powder or a member containing a flammable gas, and has a long side in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the hammer Protruding objects are provided on the wall surface part that forms the inside of the specific space, a non-combustible gas spout is provided in the protruding objects, and a plurality of protruding objects having long sides in the direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the hammer are Explosion-proof, characterized in that the front side is inclined with respect to the rotation direction, and the incombustible gas outlet is provided on the side of the convex object corresponding to the back side with respect to the rotation direction of the hammer. Mold crusher.

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