JP3303206B2 - Molecular model that can visually recognize molecular motion - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a molecular model, and more particularly to a molecular model capable of visually recognizing the state of vibration of a molecule or an atom and of recognizing a molecular motion which can easily be perceived at a molecular or atomic level. It relates to a molecular model.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in describing molecular structures in educational institutions, academic societies, etc., various molecular models representing the mutual positional relationship of constituent atoms have been used. However, in the existing molecular model, the distance between atoms constituting the molecule was always fixed due to its structure. Of course, Tokuho 6
Like the molecular model disclosed in -87186 "Molecular model using magnet for hydrogen atom", it is possible to take countless various three-dimensional shapes while maintaining the tetrahedral structure of carbon atoms. Have been proposed, according to which, for example, the pentane molecule CH ₃ —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —CH
In ₂ -CH _3, and to be able to express the rotation of the single bonds of C-C.

However, even in the above-described molecular model, the distance between the bonded atoms is still fixed, and, for example, vibrations at the atomic level (phonons) as solid vibrations or DNA vibrations at the molecular level. There was no molecular model that could express the situation.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such background, and has been developed to develop a molecular model capable of visually recognizing a novel molecular motion capable of perceiving the state of molecular vibration. It was an issue.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a molecular model capable of visually recognizing molecular motion, wherein a bonding state of atoms constituting a molecule is determined by an atomic model element and a coupled orbital model element including an elastic member. In a visual instrument that allows the molecular structure to be perceived by reproducing visually or symbolically by combining, the mass of the atomic model element is a value proportional to the atomic weight for each atom, and bonding orbital model element comprises a spring, and form and the spring constant of the spring der ones according to the type and strength of binding Rutotomoni, sigma bonds, ionic bonds and π
A part of the wire is coiled according to the type of chemical bond.
Or processing into one or both loops
The bond orbital model element and the atomic model element are detachably press-fitted. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if it is a molecule of a complicated structure, it can be comprised easily, Furthermore, the simulation of the movement of the folding operation of a gene on a molecular level can be easily performed. In addition, the state of molecular vibration in which the distance between atoms changes can be perceived. In addition , it is possible to represent the atomic behavior corresponding to the type of chemical bond, and furthermore, it is possible to more delicately represent the atomic behavior when a plurality of types of bond orbital model elements are used.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a molecular model capable of visually recognizing molecular motion, in addition to the above-mentioned requirements, a coupling portion in the coupled orbital model element is formed in a coil shape, a loop shape or a V shape.
Of which , one or more forms are selected,
In addition, the connecting portion is characterized in that a plurality of connecting portions can be press-fitted into the same hole in the atomic model element so that multiple bonding can be expressed.
According to the present invention, a plurality of types of bond orbital model elements can be used, and multiple bonds due to a plurality of types of bonds can be expressed, so that atomic behavior can be delicately expressed. The problem is solved by using the configuration of the invention described in each of the claims.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A molecular model of the present invention capable of visually recognizing molecular motion will be described below with reference to the drawings. The symbol (1) in the figure is a molecular model that can visually recognize molecular motion.
This device visually or symbolically reproduces an unspecified number of molecules by combining an atomic model element (2) and a bond orbital model element (3).

As shown in FIG. 3, the atomic model element (2) is, for example, a sphere made of an appropriate synthetic resin as a raw material, and is formed on a hexahedron or a dodecahedron virtually formed from the center of the sphere. Perpendicularly to this, a hole (5) for receiving a connecting portion (6) in a connecting orbital model element (3) described later is formed. This hole (5) has a form in which the surface of the atomic model element (2) is hollowed out as an example as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the hole (5) may be formed in a truncated cone shape in which the inner part is wider than the inlet part.

The mass of the atomic model element (2) is a value proportional to the atomic weight of each element. For example, if the mass of the carbon atom model element (2C) is 12 g, the hydrogen atom model element (2) 2H) has a mass of 1 g. A mass adjuster (4) for adjusting the mass is provided inside the atomic model element (2) as necessary, and when the mass is increased, the mass of the atomic model element (2) is reduced. At the time of formation, a substance such as lead, sand, or the like is mixed into the synthetic resin as a mass regulator (4). On the other hand, when it is desired to reduce the mass of the atomic model element (2), a hollow body such as a microcapsule is mixed into the synthetic resin as the mass regulator (4).

Further, the diameter of the atomic model element (2) is appropriately selected.
mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm. Furthermore, the surface of the atomic model element (2) is painted in a different color for each group of the periodic table, or is mixed with a pigment in a synthetic resin to be colored.

Next, the coupled orbital model element (3) will be described. This element includes an elastic member.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, as an example, a metal or synthetic resin spring is included as an elastic member.
The elastic member may be a single body of synthetic rubber or a combination of synthetic rubber and plastic, metal, or the like.

[0014] The form and spring constant of the spring as the elastic member are prepared in a plurality of types in accordance with the type and strength of the connection. Specifically, the connection orbit model element (3)
In the form of (1), connecting portions (6) are formed at both ends of a main body element (30) representing a coupling orbit, and the main body element (30) is made to correspond to the type of chemical bond. It shall be appropriately selected from formulas or simplified formulas. Further, the connecting portion (6) can take various forms that can be press-fitted into the hole (5) in the atomic model element (2) in a state where the plurality of connecting portions (6) are stacked. Hereinafter, an example of a form that can be adopted by the main body element (30) constituting the coupled orbital model element (3) and the coupling portion (6) will be described.

[Wound Type Coupled Orbit Model Element (σ Bond, Ion Bond)] The wound type coupled track model element (31) is shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
As shown in the figure, the shape of the main body element (30) is such that a wire is formed in a coil spring shape, and both ends of the main body element (30) are connected to holes (5) in the atomic model element (2). ) Is formed into a coil having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the coil type coupling portion (61). The details of the coil type coupling portion (61) will be described later.
The winding-type coupled orbit model element (31) shown in FIG. 4A expresses σ coupling, and the diameter of the main body element (30) is set to φ = 6 mm as an example. Further, the wound-type coupled orbital model element (31) shown in FIG. 4B expresses ionic bonding, and the diameter of the main body element (30) is set to φ = 9 mm as an example.

The main body element (30) in the wound type coupled orbital model element (31) has several turns and its length is proportional to the H--H bond distance of hydrogen molecules. In the present embodiment, three types of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm are prepared as examples.

[Vertical-winding coupled orbital model element (π-bonding, other couplings)] As shown in FIG. 4C, the vertically-wound coupled orbital model element (32) has the form of a main body element (30). Φ = 3 for linear members
It is formed in a coil shape of about 0 mm and a part thereof is formed in a small-diameter loop shape (φ = about 15 mm). Then, both ends of the main body element (30) are coil-type coupling portions (61) in the same manner as in the case of the above-mentioned wound type coupling track model element (31). FIG. 4
The longitudinally coupled orbital model element (32) shown in FIG.
It expresses the connection.

[Simplified Connection Orbital Model Element (Weak Coupling)] As shown in FIG. 4D, the simplified connection orbital model element (33) is configured such that a part of a linear member is formed into a small-diameter loop (φ = 15 mm).
The main body element (30) is formed into a V-shaped coupling portion (63) by bending both ends of the main body element (30) into a V-shape. is there. The details of the V-shaped coupling portion (63) will be described later.

The form of the coupled orbital model element (3) is basically based on the above-mentioned three types, but these can be modified as appropriate. As an example, the wound orbital coupled orbital model element (31) 8) shows a modification type.

Next, the connection part (6) will be described. The form of the connection part (6) is, for example, a coil connection part (61), a vertical winding connection part (62), or a V-shaped connection part ( 63) is appropriately selected, and the connecting portion (6) of each type will be described below.

[Coil Type Coupling Portion] As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the coil type coupling portion (61) connects both ends of the main body element (30) to the hole (5) in the atomic model element (2). It is formed in a coil shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the hole (5) so as to be removably press-fitted thereto. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the winding pitch of the coil type coupling portion (61) is such that multiple coupling orbital model elements (3) are mounted between the same holes (5) to express multiple coupling. In the present embodiment, an interval is ensured so that two or three coil-type joints 61 can be placed in an overlapped state.

[Vertical-Wound Type Joining Portion] As shown in FIG. 5B, the vertical-winding type connecting portion (62) connects both ends of the main body element (30) with holes (5) in the atomic model element (2). ) Is formed in a loop shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the hole (5) so as to be removably press-fitted to ()). As shown in FIG. 6 (b), such a vertical winding type coupling portion (62) is formed by stacking two or three vertical winding type coupling portions (62) so that a plurality of coupled orbital model elements (3) are formed. ) Can be attached between the same holes (5) to express multiple coupling.

[V-Shaped Joint] As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the V-shaped joint (63) is formed by inserting both ends of the main body element (30) into holes (5) in the atomic model element (2). ) Is formed in a V-shape so as to be detachably press-fitted. As shown in FIG. 6 (c), such a V-shaped coupling portion (63) is formed by stacking two or three V-shaped coupling portions (63) to form a plurality of coupled orbital model elements (3). ) Can be attached between the same holes (5) to express multiple coupling.

In such a V-shaped coupling portion (63), the tip of the V-shaped portion comes into reverse contact with the inner wall of the hole (5) to prevent slipping, so that the hole (5) is formed. It is possible to prevent easy exit from the vehicle. By the way, body element (30)
Even if both ends are formed in a U-shape, the same function and effect as the V-shaped coupling portion (63) can be obtained.

The atomic model element (2) as described above
And the bond orbital model element (3) are appropriately combined to visually or symbolically reproduce the bonding state of the atoms constituting the desired molecule, thereby making it possible to perceive the molecular structure of the molecule. It constitutes a molecular model (1) that can be visually recognized.

First, the molecular model (1) shown in FIG. 1 (a), which can visually recognize the molecular motion, is a reproduction of the structural formula of ethylene shown in FIG. 1 (b). 2C), the two winding-type coupled orbital model elements (31) representing the σ coupling have a positional relationship of 120 °, and one of the coupling portions (6) (coil-type coupling portion (6)
1)) is pressed into the hole (5), and the other connecting portion (6) (coil type connecting portion (61)) is pressed into the hole (5) in the hydrogen atom model element (2H).

The carbon atom model element (2C) having the two hydrogen atom model elements (2H) is bonded to each other in this manner, and the σ bond and the π bond forming the double bond of ethylene are combined. And a longitudinally wound type coupled orbital model element (3),
2) is used in combination as shown in FIG. In other words, the coil-type coupling portions (61) of the wound-type coupled orbital model element (31) and the longitudinally-coupled coupled-orbital model element (32) are put on each other, and in this state, the carbon atom model element (2C) In the hole (5).

The molecular model (1) shown in FIG. 2 (a) for visually recognizing the molecular motion is a reproduction of the structural formula of the benzene ring shown in FIG. 2 (b). The model element (2C) is connected in a ring shape by using a combination of a winding type coupled orbital model element (31) representing σ coupling and a vertical winding type coupled orbital model element (32) representing π coupling. Further, for each carbon atom model element (2C), the carbon atom model element (2C) has a positional relationship of 120 ° with the wire-wound coupled orbital model element (31) press-fitted to the carbon atom model element (2C). One end of a wound-type coupled orbital model element (31) representing a σ bond is press-fitted, and the other end of the wound-type coupled orbital model element (31) is press-fitted with a hydrogen atom model element (2H).

Since the molecular model (1) of the present invention capable of visually recognizing the molecular motion uses the bond orbital model element selected according to the type of chemical bond as described above, the σ bond, π Connections and the like can be visually perceived as different shapes.

Further, the molecular model (1) of the present invention capable of visually recognizing molecular motion is characterized in that the bond orbital model element (3) includes an elastic member. Suitable for perception. For example,
High-temperature superconductor materials are characterized by the presence of CuO bonding planes, and the weak bonding of rare earth elements enhances their two-dimensionality. The lattice vibration at this time makes a characteristic movement, and it is important to visually understand the lattice vibration in understanding the phenomenon. This lattice vibration is called phonon, and cannot be represented by a conventionally used molecular model, and therefore is represented two-dimensionally by a drawing, computer graphics, or the like. However, in the molecular model (1) capable of visually recognizing molecular motion according to the present invention, since the bond orbital model element (3) includes an elastic member, the relative positional relationship between the atomic model elements (2) must be changed. And the above-mentioned phonon can be perceived three-dimensionally.

In addition, since the bond orbital model element (3) contains an elastic body and is flexible, even a complex double helical polymer DNA molecule can be easily constituted. Further, since the state of DNA oscillation can be visually caught, it is suitable for cultivating intuition.

[0030]

Other Embodiments Although the present invention is based on the above-described embodiment, the following embodiments can be adopted based on the technical idea of the present invention.
In other words, in each of the above-described embodiments, the molecular model (1) capable of visually recognizing molecular motion is reproduced visually or symbolically of the molecular structure. Other applications include conducting wave experiments to observe longitudinal and transverse waves, observing reflections at free ends, and conducting experiments on standing waves, forced vibrations, etc. Can also.

[0031]

According to the present invention, the state of vibration at the molecular level can be perceived, and various vibration phenomena can be easily perceived.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a molecular model of the present invention which reproduces the molecular structure of ethylene, and a structural formula of an ethylene molecule.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a molecular model of the present invention in which a benzene ring is reproduced, and a structural formula of the benzene ring.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view and a plan view showing an atomic model element, and a plan view showing an atomic model element having a different hole shape.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a coupled orbital model element.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a connecting portion.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a state in which a plurality of connecting portions are combined and pressed into a hole.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state where two coupled orbital model elements are combined.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a modified type orbital model element.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 Molecular model capable of visually recognizing molecular motion 2 Atomic model element 2C Carbon atom model element 2H Hydrogen atom model element 3 Bond orbital model element 4 Mass regulator 5 Hole 6 Joining part 30 Main body element 31 Winding type coupled orbital model element 32 Vertical Winding joint orbit model element 33 Simple joint orbit model element 61 Coil type connecting part 62 Vertical winding type connecting part 63 V-shaped connecting part

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G09B 23/26

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A molecular structure can be perceived by visually or symbolically reproducing a bonding state of atoms constituting a molecule by combining an atomic model element and a bonding orbital model element including an elastic member. In such a visual instrument, the mass of the atomic model element is a value proportional to the atomic weight for each atom, and the coupled orbital model element includes a spring, and the form and spring constant of the spring are der those corresponding to the binding of the type and strength Rutotomo
, Σ bond, ionic bond and π bond, the type of chemical bond
A part of the wire is coiled or looped according to
It is expressed by processing one or both
A molecular model capable of visually recognizing molecular motion , wherein the coupled orbital model element and the atomic model element are removably press-fitted. 2. The connecting portion of the connecting orbital model element is selected from one or more of a coil shape, a loop shape and a V-shape , and the connecting portion is in a state where a plurality of the connecting portions are stacked. 2. The molecular model capable of visually recognizing molecular motion according to claim 1, wherein multiple bonds can be expressed by making it possible to press-fit into the same hole in the atomic model element.