JP3329996B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher for recovering a metal which crushes an object to be crushed containing at least a foamed insulating material and a metal, and more particularly to a crushing machine for recovering a foaming agent from the foamed insulating material. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for collecting metals that also serves as crushing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a metal recovery crusher, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 55-119141, a crushed object includes a plurality of hammers installed on a rotor and a side wall formed in a tapered cylindrical shape. Only the crushed pieces crushed to a size that can be passed through the opening of the annular bottom plate and are crushed by impact are discharged from the outlet.

[0003]

In the crushing machine, at least the foamed heat insulating material combined with the metal is crushed to recover the metal, and the foaming agent is recovered by post-processing from the foamed heat insulating material peeled off by the crushing machine. In this case, the foamed heat insulating material is too finely crushed and a large amount of the foaming agent is degassed. For this reason, the amount of the foaming agent is reduced in the post-treatment process of recovering the foaming agent, and there is a possibility that the efficiency of collecting the foaming agent may decrease.

In the present invention, the size of the opening of the bottom plate of the crusher is limited so that the crushed particle size of the foamed heat insulating material is optimized for recovery of CFC in the post-treatment, and the metal after crushing is rounded. Another object of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of recycling a metal with a good yield.

[0005]

In the present invention, the opening ratio (εp) of the annular bottom plate provided between the crushing chamber and the discharge port is selected to be 0.20 to 0.60. Alternatively, the aperture ratio (ε
p), particle passage rate (εs), effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv)
(Ε = εp · εs · εv) is selected to be 0.04 to 0.11.

[0006]

The opening ratio (εp) of the annular bottom plate provided between the crushing chamber and the discharge port is set to 0.20 to 0.60, and the opening ratio (εp), the particle passage rate (εs), and the effective crushing volume (Ε
v) (ε = εp · εs · εv) from 0.04 to 0.1
By limiting the numerical value to 1, the number of collisions of the object to be crushed with the hammer and the side wall in the crushing chamber is reduced, and the crushed pieces are quickly discharged from the crushing chamber, so that urethane foam having an optimum crushing particle size is obtained. be able to.

[0007]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a vertical crusher according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. In this embodiment, it is possible to select the same size as that of the crusher according to the prior art except for the size of the opening and the like.

In FIG. 1, a crushing chamber 7 is surrounded by a tapered cylindrical side wall 4, a ceiling 8 and an annular bottom plate 5, and a rotor 2 to which a hammer 3 is fixed is installed at the center. Crushed object 1
Is the hammer 3 that is thrown in from the upper part of the crushing chamber and is rotating at high speed.
It is crushed while receiving an impact load between it and the side wall.
Reference numeral 9 denotes a crushing auxiliary plate, which is a projection fixed to the side wall to increase crushing efficiency. When the fragments become large enough to pass through the opening 6 (FIG. 2) of the bottom plate 5, they pass through the opening 6 and are discharged from the discharge port 10. Among the crushed pieces, the metal is rounded while being hit with a hammer near the bottom plate of the crushing chamber, and is discharged in a state where the bulk density is increased, which is convenient when recycling the metal. In this embodiment, by limiting the size of the opening 6 of the bottom plate 5 of the crusher, a foaming agent (hereinafter simply referred to as urethane) and a foaming agent (hereinafter simply referred to as chlorofluorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon) constituting the refrigerator are formed. For the purpose of crushing the pretreatment of the device to be recovered, it has a crushed particle size that is optimal for recovery of CFCs and has a function of rounding metals.

First, the requirements for the crushed particle size will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the crushed particle size and the deaeration by crushing. As the particle size of the crushed piece 11 modeled as a cube becomes smaller, the surface layer portion of the crushed piece that becomes more powdery (dot network in the figure) The degassing amount is also increased due to an increase in the number of portions. This increase in the amount of degassing is a disadvantage when the crushed particle size is too small. On the contrary, when the crushed particle size is too large, the following adverse effects occur. That is, one of the purposes of the crushing is to peel off urethane integrated with the steel plate or the plastic due to the structure of the refrigerator. If the crushing particle size is too large, the peeling becomes incomplete. In addition, after the urethane is separated, it is necessary to fly light urethane with a wind separator to separate the urethane, but if the crushed particle size of the urethane is too large, the weight of the urethane increases in proportion to the cube of the particle size. On the other hand, the easiness to fly against the wind, that is, the projected area of the urethane receiving the wind is 2% of the urethane particle size.
Since it increases only by the power, urethane is less likely to fly. That is, the accuracy of separation from heavy metals, plastics, and the like is reduced. As described above, the crushed urethane is required to have an appropriate particle size, and the inventors have determined that the optimum crushed particle size is 20 mm based on the above-described experiments such as degassing, separation, and wind separation.
４０40 mm. One of the factors that determine the crushed particle size is the size of the opening 6 of the bottom plate 5.

According to the present invention, an optimal opening ratio defined by the equation (1) is obtained from a crushing experiment of a refrigerator in which the size of the opening is changed.

Opening ratio; εp = Sg / S ₀ (1) where S ₀ is the area of the entire annular bottom plate, and in FIG. 2, the area of the hatched portion and the area of the opening. Is the sum of In addition, a structure in which an opening is adjusted without a bottom plate, for example, in FIG. 4, an outer diameter (Do) of a lower portion of a crushing chamber and an inner diameter of an outlet capable of discharging crushed pieces (in FIG. 4, an outer diameter of a rotor ( Dr)) is an annular area surrounded by: On the other hand, Sg is the total area of the openings, and in FIG. 2 is the total area of the 24 openings. Further, in the crusher having a structure in which the shaded portion slides to change the size of the opening as shown in FIG. 4, Dg capable of discharging crushed pieces and inner diameter of an outlet capable of discharging the crushed pieces (in FIG. 4, It is an annular area surrounded by the outer diameter (Dr) of the rotor.

FIG. 5 shows the result of the crushing experiment of the refrigerator. The vertical axis is the average particle size of urethane, which is the particle size when the cumulative sieve is 50% on the regular probability paper.

Among the results, experimental values obtained by changing only the aperture ratio are indicated by black circles. On the other hand, the white circles indicate the volume V determined by the hammer tip trajectory and the wall surface of the crushing chamber, which are other factors affecting the crushing particle size in addition to the aperture ratio (the cross hatch portion in FIG. 6, hereinafter referred to as the effective crushing chamber volume). Details are experimental values obtained by changing two factors in Example 2).

As shown in FIG. 5, when the experimental values indicated by black circles and the average particle size approaches 0 when the opening ratio is close to 0, the effect of the opening ratio on the crushed particle size is considered by linear approximation. When the opening ratio is in the range of 0.25 to 0.5, the target particle size is 20 mm to 4 mm.
0 mm. Since the average particle diameter is expected to slightly vary with the material of urethane and a change with time, it is more appropriate to give a width to this opening ratio. 0.60, and 0.25 to 0.50 when the width was limited to a small value.

Embodiment 2 In Embodiment 1, only the great aperture ratio is limited. In this embodiment, in addition to the aperture ratio, the distance between the trajectory of the hammer tip and the outer circumference of the rotor (d in FIG. 6), which is another factor affecting the particle size, is examined.

The shorter the residence time of urethane in the crushing chamber, that is, the faster the urethane passes through the opening, the larger the crushed particle size. Therefore, this factor is determined by the above-mentioned opening ratio (formula (1)). The product (εp) of the particle passage rate (εs) of equation (2)
Εs). The particle passage rate is a probability that urethane can pass through one sieve when the bottom plate is partitioned by a very thin line and the opening ratio is considered to be 100%.

Particle Permeability: εs = Ss / S ₀ (2) where Ss is the center of the circle of the average particle diameter inscribed in the opening as shown in FIG. The area (colored portion) surrounded by the trajectory, and S ₀
Is the area of the opening (shaded area).

On the other hand, another factor that affects the crushed particle size is the number of collisions between the hammer of the crushed material and the wall of the crushing chamber. did. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the volume determined by the trajectory of the tip of the hammer and the wall surface of the crushing chamber; V (colored portion,
Focusing on the effective crushing chamber volume), it is considered that if the crushing chambers have the same height, the larger the volume V, the longer the movement distance of the crushed pieces in the radial direction, that is, the smaller the number of collisions and the larger the crushed particle size. Was. Then, the volume V was divided by the volume V ₀ (FIG. 6) surrounded by the wall surface of the crushing chamber to make the dimensionless, and this was defined as an effective crushing chamber volume ratio; εv (−) (εv = V / V ₀ ). FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the abscissa of FIG. 5 is arranged as ε in Expression (3) in consideration of the above points.

Ε = εp · εs · εv (3) As is clear from FIG. 8, the average particle diameter increases almost in proportion to ε on the horizontal axis. It is understood that when ε is 0.05 to 0.10, an average particle size of 20 mm to 40 mm can be obtained.

Since this average particle size is expected to slightly vary with the material of urethane and a change with time, ε is given a width as in the case of Example 1. When the width was limited to 0.11, ε was set to 0.05 to 0.10.

[0021]

According to the present invention, when an object to be crushed including a foamed heat insulating material, for example, a refrigerator, is crushed, the average particle size of the foamed heat insulating material is about 20 mm to 40 mm, and the metal is rounded. Therefore, when the crushing machine of the present invention is a pretreatment machine for recovering the foaming agent from the foamed heat insulating material, the efficiency of collecting the foaming agent in the post-processing is increased because the degassing amount of the foaming agent is small, and from the steel sheet of the heat insulating material. Separation of the heat insulating material by the peeling of the wind and the wind separator is improved. Further, since metals are curled and discharged, it is possible to recycle metals with a high yield.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of urethane showing that crushing degass the Freon gas in the surface layer of the crushed pieces.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of a crushing experiment of a refrigerator, with the abscissa representing the opening ratio.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an effective crushing chamber volume.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a particle passage rate.

FIG. 8 shows the opening ratio on the horizontal axis based on the results of the crushing experiment of the refrigerator,
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a product of a particle passage rate and an effective crushing chamber volume ratio.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... rotor, 3 ... hammer, 5 ... bottom plate, 6 ... opening, 7 ...
Crushing room.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Takamura 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Katsumatsu-shi, Yamaguchi Prefecture Inside the Kasado Plant of Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Katsuichi Iizuka 4-7-1, Akayamacho, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama Limited company Takashi Kuroishi, Examiner, Shinwa Machine Industry Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-53-87057 (JP, A) JP-A-61-135547 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) B02C 13/00-13/31

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crushable object comprising: a tapered cylindrical side wall; an annular bottom plate connected to a lower portion of the side wall; and a rotor fixed to a hammer that rotates in a crushing chamber surrounded by the side wall and the bottom plate. A crusher that is charged from the upper portion of the crushing chamber and crushed crushed material is discharged through a plurality of openings formed in the bottom plate, and the total area of the openings includes the openings. The opening ratio divided by the total area of the bottom plate is selected to be 0.20 to 0.60, and thereby, the degassing amount of the foaming agent generated by crushing the crushed material including at least the foamed heat insulating material and the metal can be reduced. A vertical crusher characterized by reduction. 2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein said opening ratio is selected from 0.25 to 0.50. 3. A tapered cylindrical side wall, an annular bottom plate connected to a lower portion of the side wall, and a rotor fixed to a hammer that rotates in a crushing chamber surrounded by the side wall and the bottom plate. A crusher which is introduced from the upper part of the crushing chamber and crushed crushed material is discharged through a plurality of openings formed in the bottom plate, wherein an opening ratio, a particle passing rate and an effective crushing chamber volume ratio are adjusted. As defined by the following, opening ratio: total area of the opening / area of the entire bottom plate including the opening Particle passing rate: area surrounded by the locus of the circle center of the average particle diameter inscribed in the opening / area of the opening Effective crushing chamber volume ratio: The volume of the space between the trajectory of the hammer tip and the wall surface / the volume of the space surrounded by the wall surface; the numerator and denominator spaces have the same height The above-mentioned aperture ratio, particle passage rate, and effective crushing The product of room volume ratio is selected from 0.04 to 0.11. Is, thereby, vertical type crusher, characterized in that to reduce the degassing amount of blowing agent occurs by crushing the object to be crushed containing at least foam insulation and metal. 4. The vertical crusher according to claim 3, wherein the product of said opening ratio, particle passage rate and effective crushing chamber volume ratio is selected to be 0.05 to 0.10. 5. A tapered cylindrical side wall, an annular bottom plate connected to a lower portion of the side wall, and a rotor with a hammer fixed therein, which rotates in a crushing chamber surrounded by the side wall and the bottom plate. A crusher which is introduced from the upper part of the crushing chamber and crushed crushed material is discharged through a plurality of openings formed in the bottom plate, wherein an opening ratio, a particle passing rate and an effective crushing chamber volume ratio are adjusted. As defined by the following, opening ratio: total area of the opening / area of the entire bottom plate including the opening Particle passing rate: area surrounded by the locus of the circle center of the average particle diameter inscribed in the opening / area of the opening Effective crushing chamber volume ratio: The volume of the space between the trajectory of the hammer tip and the wall surface / the volume of the space surrounded by the wall surface; the numerator and denominator spaces are at the same height The opening ratio is 0.20 to 0.2. 60, the aperture ratio, particle passage rate and The product of the effective crushing chamber volume ratio is selected in the range of 0.04 to 0.11, thereby reducing the amount of degassing of the foaming agent generated by crushing the crushed material including at least the foam insulating material and the metal. A vertical crusher characterized by the following. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said opening ratio is selected from 0.25 to 0.50, and the product of said opening ratio, particle passage rate and effective crushing chamber volume ratio is selected from 0.05 to 0.10. The vertical crusher according to claim 5, wherein