JP3465781B2 - Shaft excavation equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shaft excavation facility mainly applied to a working shaft of a mountain tunnel. 2. Description of the Related Art When constructing a mountain tunnel, if the tunnel length is long, in order to shorten the construction period, the total length is divided into several sections, and each section is excavated simultaneously in parallel. In the middle section where it is not possible to excavate from both sides of the mountains, a work shaft is excavated in advance from the top of the mountain, and when the bottom of the work shaft reaches the planned tunnel construction position, Tunnel excavation must be done horizontally from the bottom. [0003] Here, excavation shear is generated when excavating a working shaft, and the excavation waste is loaded into a carry-out container called kibble, and the kibble is rolled up with a wire to be carried out to the ground. [0004] However, when the depth of the working shaft reaches several hundreds of meters, hoisting of a kibble full of excavated waste, discharge of excavated waste in the kibble to the ground,
A series of operations, such as lowering an empty kibble, takes a long time, and there is a problem that there is a limit in shortening the time required for carrying out the operation of excavating shearing and eventually improving the excavation efficiency. As a method for solving such a problem, it is conceivable to install a plurality of sets of kibble and its raising and lowering mechanism. However, such a method requires a large-scale facility and is expensive, and a small-section shaft is not realized. difficult.
In addition, the method of preparing only one set of elevating mechanisms and preparing two sets of kibbles and alternately loading them at the bottom of the pit requires human power, and thus issues remain in terms of efficiency and safety. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has as its object to provide a shaft excavation facility capable of efficiently carrying out excavation waste when excavating a shaft. [0007] In order to achieve the above object, a shaft excavation equipment according to the present invention, as set forth in claim 1, has an unloading method for unloading excavated shears to a vertically movable hanging scaffold. In a shaft excavation facility configured to form a carry-out opening through which containers are passed, and to lift and lower the carry-out container by using the carry-out opening, the hanging scaffold is formed in a plurality of stages, and the lowermost scaffold lower surface is formed. Equipped with a loading mechanism,
Among a pair of scaffolds facing up and down, a lifting mechanism for vertically moving and horizontally moving the container is provided on the lower surface of the upper scaffold,
On the upper surface of the lower scaffold, a horizontal moving table for horizontally moving the container is provided. [0008] In the shaft excavation equipment according to the present invention, basically, two unloading containers are used, and after excavating waste is loaded in one unloading container, the excavated waste passes through the unloading opening formed in the suspension scaffold. The one unloading container is wound up in such a manner as to cause the unloading. Excavated waste is released from the rolled-up transport container on the ground. Next, the other unloading container on the horizontal moving table, which has been retracted to the side so as not to interfere with the hoisting operation, is lifted by the lifting and lowering mechanism, and is horizontally moved to above the unloading opening. And hang it down to the bottom of the pit. Next, while loading the excavated waste into the other suspended unloading container, the evacuated horizontal moving table is moved to a position where the unloading opening is closed, and is lowered in an empty state. One of the transport containers is placed on the horizontal moving table. Then, in this state, the horizontal moving table is moved to the retracted position, and the other transport container is ready for winding up. In this manner, a series of operations such as lifting, discharging and lowering the unloading container and loading operation at the pit bottom are performed in parallel, and the excavated waste is loaded into the unloading container and rolled up. The time from when the next unloading container is hung down to when it is ready for loading is greatly reduced. The hanging scaffold may be composed of any number of stages, but in consideration of the fact that a concrete casting chute is often required, a three-stage arrangement is typically used. That is, for example, a sheave for elevating the suspended scaffold is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost scaffold, and the above-described concrete casting chute is attached to the second scaffold.
Then, a vertical moving mechanism is provided on the lower surface of the second scaffold, and a horizontal moving table is installed on the upper surface of the third or lowermost scaffold, and a loading mechanism is provided on the lower surface of the scaffold. Embodiments of a shaft excavation facility according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that the same reference numerals are given to components and the like that are substantially the same as those in the conventional technology, and description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 1 is a side view of a shaft excavation equipment according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the same. As can be seen from these figures, the shaft excavation equipment 1 according to the present embodiment includes:
Equipped with a lifting platform 2 called a scaffold that can move up and down. The hanging scaffold 2 has a three-stage arrangement of a first-stage scaffold 3, a second-stage scaffold 4, and a third-stage scaffold 5, which are vertically connected to each other. 6 is attached. Here, the sheave 6 has a lifting wire 7
By driving a scaffold hoist (not shown) installed on the ground, the entire suspension scaffold 2 can be moved up and down via the wire. The vertical connection of the second-stage scaffold 4 and the third-stage scaffold 5 can be connected using, for example, a steel frame member, but is omitted in FIG. On the second-stage scaffold 4, a concrete chute 9 connected to a concrete pipe 8 that has penetrated the first-stage scaffold 3 is disposed so as to be pivotable. Can be input. Here, a hoist 11 as an elevating and lowering mechanism is provided on the lower surface of the second-stage scaffold 4 which is the upper stage, of the second-stage scaffold 4 and the third-stage scaffold 5 facing each other vertically. , 12 so that the unloading container 14 for unloading the excavated waste can be moved up and down and horizontally moved by the hoist. A slide table 13 which is a moving table is installed, and the carry-out container 14 can be horizontally moved while being placed on the slide table 13. In addition, a loading mechanism 15 called a shaft macker for loading the excavated waste into the carry-out container 14 is provided on the lower surface of the lowermost third stage scaffold 5. On the other hand, these scaffolds 3, 4, and 5 have
As can be clearly seen from the horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, the carrying-out openings 16, 17, and 18 for passing the carrying-out container 14 are formed, and the carrying-out container 14 is moved up and down by the carrying-out wire 21 using the carrying-out opening. You can do it. When unloading excavated waste using the shaft excavation equipment 1 according to the present embodiment, two unloading containers 14 are used.
First, as shown in FIG. 3, the loading mechanism 15 is used to load excavated waste into one of the unloading containers 14a placed at the bottom of the pit. In this state, the other unloading container 14b is retracted to the retract position by the slide table 13 which is a horizontal moving table. When the loading into the unloading container 14a is completed, the unloading wire 21 is unwound and the handle 23 of the unloading container 14a is hooked on the automatic hook 22 attached to the lower end thereof. FIG. 4 is a front view showing the automatic hook 22. As can be seen from the figure, the automatic hook 22 has a hook body 31 hinged to a frame 33 with a pin 32, and a hook operated by air pressure supplied from an accumulator 34 at a position slightly away from the hinge. It is connected to a closing cylinder 35, and is always subjected to a force in the closing direction by the action of the cylinder. When the automatic hook 22 is used for slinging, the automatic hook is lowered toward the unloading container 14 and the handle 23 is brought into contact with the slinging contact portion 36 of the hook body 31. In this way, the handle 23 pushes the hook body 31 out and inserts it into the locking space 37, so that the hook body 31 by the hook closing cylinder 35 is used.
By waiting for the closing operation, the hook body 31 can be automatically hooked on the handle 23. On the other hand, when the ball is to be removed, the unloading container 14 is hung on the automatic hook, and the automatic hook 22 is settled on the bottom of the pit. By doing so, the unloading container 1 inserted in the locking space 37
The handle 23 of 4 is a contact portion 38 for removing the ball of the hook body 31.
In this case, the hook body is pushed and expanded, so that if the carry-out wire 21 is wound up before the hook body 31 is closed by the action of the hook closing cylinder 35, the balls can be automatically removed. When the handle 23 of the carry-out container 14a is hooked on the automatic hook 22 attached to the lower end of the carry-out wire 21, a take-up winch (not shown) installed on the ground is driven to wind up the carry-out wire 21. The carry-out container 14a is pulled up in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. At this time, the unloading container 14a includes the unloading opening 18 formed in the third-stage scaffold 5, the unloading opening 17 formed in the second-stage scaffold 4, and the unloading opening 17 formed in the first-stage scaffold 3. 16 sequentially. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the other unloading container 14b, which has been evacuated to the side so as not to interfere with the hoisting operation, is lifted from the slide table 13 by the hoist 11, and is then mounted on the traveling rail 12 in this state. Along the carry-out opening 18. Then, the carry-out container 14b is lowered as it is in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Here, an automatic hook 22 similar to that described above is attached to the end of the chain of the hoist 11, so that slinging and removing of balls can be performed automatically. Next, using the loading mechanism 15, the unloading container 1
4b, while the loading is being carried out, as shown in FIG. 6, the slide table 13 which has been evacuated is moved to a position where the carrying-out opening 18 is closed, and the excavation waste is loaded on the ground. Is discharged, and the empty carry-out container 14a is lowered by the carry-out wire 21. Then, after sequentially passing through the carrying-out opening 16 and the carrying-out opening 17, it is placed on the slide table 13 which is horizontally moved so as to close the carrying-out opening 18. Next, slide table 1
3 is retracted to the side of the carry-out opening 18 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. The above procedure is repeated for the unloading containers 14a and 14b, and the excavated shears are unloaded one after another to the ground. As the shaft is dug down, as shown in FIG.
Concretely, the suspension scaffold 2 is lowered via the wire 7 for raising and lowering. The concrete is preferably rolled up, for example, by using a cylindrical movable form, and casting concrete into the movable form via the concrete chute 9 and the concrete hopper 10 described above. As described above, according to the shaft excavation equipment 1 according to the present embodiment, the two unloading containers 14a, 14b
While loading the excavated waste in one of the unloading containers at the bottom of the pit, the excavated waste in the other unloading container is discharged on the ground and emptied in parallel with the loading operation. While temporarily placing the container on one stage, and when loading into one of the containers is completed, rolling up the container allows the other container to be put down to the bottom immediately. The waiting time from the end of loading to the start of loading is greatly reduced. That is, conventionally, it is assumed that a cycle time for performing a series of operations such as loading of excavated waste, hoisting of a carry-out container, discharge of shear on the ground, and lowering of an empty carry-out container is, for example, 20 minutes. In this embodiment, it takes only about 15 minutes. Therefore,
The removal efficiency of excavated waste and, consequently, excavation efficiency can be greatly improved. Also, since only one set of unloading wires 21 is used, the scale of the equipment is small enough, and it can be applied to a shaft with a small cross section. Further, according to the shaft excavation equipment according to the present embodiment, the empty carry-out container is placed on the slide table 13 and horizontally moved to the retracted position, and if the carry-out container full of shear is lifted. Since the evacuated empty carry-out container is moved up and down by the hoist 11 and lowered to the bottom of the pit, if the automatic hook 22 is used for slinging and removing the balls on the carry-out container in such work, excavation slippage can be achieved. It is possible to automate all loading and unloading operations, thereby improving safety and reducing labor costs. Although not specifically mentioned in the present embodiment, the hoist 11, the slide table 13, and the unloading wire 2
1. When operating the loading mechanism 15 or the like, a remote control may be performed from a management room installed on the ground via a television camera mounted on the hanging scaffold 2, or a worker at the hanging scaffold 2 May be controlled remotely from the management room by wireless communication with the hoist 11,
The slide table 13 and the loading mechanism 15 may be operated by a worker resident on the hanging scaffold 2 on the scaffold. In this embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a working tunnel for a mountain tunnel has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to a mountain tunnel. When a shaft is required, for example, a sewer tunnel is excavated. It is needless to say that the present invention can also be applied to a starting shaft, a reaching shaft, or the like of a shield machine for the purpose. As described above, according to the shaft excavation equipment of the present invention according to the first aspect, the waiting time from the end of loading to the start of loading is greatly reduced, so that the excavated waste is carried out. The efficiency and thus the excavation efficiency can be greatly improved. Also, since only one set of unloading wires is used, the scale of the equipment is small enough, and it can be applied to a shaft with a small cross section. Furthermore, the empty discharge container is placed on a horizontal moving table and temporarily stored in a retreat position, and when the discharge container full of shears is lifted, the evacuated empty discharge container is moved by the elevating mechanism. As it was lifted and lowered to the bottom of the pit, if the staking and unballing of the carry-out container in such work were performed using automatic hooks, it would be possible to automate all loading and unloading work of excavated waste. In addition, it is possible to improve safety and reduce labor costs. [0035]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a shaft excavation equipment according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a view of a shaft excavation facility according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 (a) is a horizontal sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view along the line BB, and FIG. 3C is a horizontal sectional view along the line CC. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a procedure for carrying out excavated waste using the shaft excavation equipment according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a front view showing an automatic hook. FIG. 5 is a side view showing a procedure for carrying out the excavation shearing. FIG. 6 is a side view showing a procedure for carrying out the excavation shearing. [Description of Signs] 1 shaft excavation equipment 2 hanging scaffold 3 first stage scaffold 4 second stage scaffold (upper stage scaffold) 5 third stage scaffold (lower stage scaffold, lowermost stage scaffold) 11 Hoist (elevation moving mechanism) 12) Running rail (elevating and moving mechanism) 13 Slide table (horizontal moving table) 14 Unloading container 15 Loading mechanism 16, 17, 18 Unloading opening 21 Unloading wire 22 Automatic hook 23 Handle

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiromitsu Miyazaki 2-3, Kandajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Corporation Tokyo Head Office (56) References JP-A-62-25693 (JP, A) 7-269270 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 1/00 E21D 7/00

Claims (1)

[Claim 1] An unloading opening through which an unloading container for unloading excavated shed is formed on a vertically movable hanging scaffold, and the unloading container is formed using the unloading opening. In the shaft excavation equipment configured to raise and lower, while the hanging scaffold is formed in a plurality of stages and equipped with a loading mechanism on the lower surface of the lowermost scaffold, of the pair of scaffolds facing up and down, the lower surface of the upper scaffold A shaft excavation facility comprising a lifting and lowering mechanism for raising and lowering and horizontally moving the container, and a horizontal moving table for horizontally moving the container on an upper surface of a lower scaffold.