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JP3549151B2 - Nitride-based compound semiconductor and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
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JP3549151B2 - Nitride-based compound semiconductor and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Nitride-based compound semiconductor and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP3549151B2
JP3549151B2 JP07689099A JP7689099A JP3549151B2 JP 3549151 B2 JP3549151 B2 JP 3549151B2 JP 07689099 A JP07689099 A JP 07689099A JP 7689099 A JP7689099 A JP 7689099A JP 3549151 B2 JP3549151 B2 JP 3549151B2
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nitride
inn
compound semiconductor
based compound
concentration
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JP2000277434A (en
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信明 寺口
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有する窒化物系化合物半導体及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
窒化物系化合物半導体であるInNは、理論的に1000cm/Vs以上の高い移動度を有する半導体であり[S.N.Mohammad et al.,Proceedings of the IEEE 83(1995)1306]、その高い移動度を用いることで優れた特性を有するヘテロ構造電界効果トランジスタ等の電子デバイスが得られると考えられる。
【0003】
一般に、窒化物系化合物半導体InNは、有機金属気相成長法(MOVPE法:Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy)[A.Yamamoto et al.,J.Crystal Growth 189/190(1998)p.461]、又はプラズマ励起した窒素を用いた分子線エピタキシー法(MBE法:Molecular Beam Epitaxy)[S.M.Donovan et al.,J.Electronic Materials 26(1997)p.1292]などの結晶成長法で成長されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような成長法で成長したInN膜は、窒素空孔などに起因した1×1019cm−3から1×1020cm−3程度のキャリア濃度を有しており、数百cm/Vs程度の移動度しか得られず、結晶性及び電気的特性に優れた窒化物系化合物半導体InNの結晶成長が困難である。
【0005】
このため、窒化物系化合物半導体InNを用いた電子デバイスは全く実用化されるに至っていないのが現状である。
【0006】
本発明は、こうした従来技術の課題を解決するものであり、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有する窒化物系化合物半導体及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体は、GaまたはAlを1×10 17 cm -3 以上、1×10 20 cm -3 以下である所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたInN層を有しており、そのことにより上記目的が達成される。
【0009】
前記InN層は、電子キャリア濃度が1×10 18 cm −3 以下、電子移動度が1000cm −2 /Vs以上である
【0010】
本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法は、GaまたはAlを1×10 17 cm −3 以上、1×10 20 cm −3 以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含する
【0011】
以下に、本発明の作用について説明する。
【0012】
本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体は、InN層が、Ga、Al、P、As、Sb及びランタノイドのうちの少なくとも1つを所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたものであるため、結晶成長の際に結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いGa、Al又はランタノイドとNの結合に置換することで、窒素空孔の生成が抑えられており、又結晶成長の際に窒素空孔がP、As又はSbで置換されキャリアの生成が抑えられているため、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることが可能となる。また、InN層が、Siを所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたものとする場合には、結晶性の改善によりキャリア濃度を下げることが可能である。
【0013】
より詳しくは、窒化物系化合物半導体InNのキャリア濃度は、例えば、図2の実験結果に示すように、III族元素であるGaのドーピング濃度に依存する。もともと、アンドープのInNのキャリア濃度が1×1020cm−3程度ある場合、GaのドーピングによってInNのキャリア濃度は減少する。これは、結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を、結合力の強いGa−N結合に置換することで、窒素空孔の生成が抑えられたためである。
【0014】
図2に示す実験結果から、Gaのドーピング濃度を1×1017cm−3以上にすると、InNのキャリア濃度を下げることが可能である。
【0015】
但し、Gaのドーピング濃度を1×1020cm−3以上に増やした場合、キャリア濃度も下がるが膜質もInGaN混晶状態になるため、ドーピングのレベルを超えてしまう。従って、ドーピング濃度の上限としては、1×1020cm−3以下にすることが望ましい。
【0016】
尚、Gaと同じIII族元素であるAlを用いても上記と同様の結果が得られる。
【0017】
このように、Ga又はAlを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下のドーピング濃度で、窒化物系化合物半導体InNを結晶成長することにより、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するInNの結晶成長が可能となる。具体的には、例えば、キャリア濃度が1×1018cm−3以下で、高電子移動度が1000cm/Vs以上のInNが得られた。
【0018】
また、ドーピングをGa又はAlのIII族元素に変えて、V族元素であるP、As又はSbを用いても、上記図2と同様の結果が得られる。即ち、P、As又はSbを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下のドーピング濃度で、窒化物系化合物半導体InNを結晶成長することにより、窒素空孔をP、As又はSbで置換することでキャリアの生成が抑えられたため、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するInNの結晶成長が可能となる。
【0019】
また、ドーピングをGa又はAlのIII族元素に変えて、ランタノイドを用いても、上記図2と同様の結果が得られる。即ち、ランタノイドを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下のドーピング濃度で、窒化物系化合物半導体InNを結晶成長することにより、結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いランタノイド−N結合に置換することで窒素空孔の生成が抑えられたため、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するInNの結晶成長が可能となる。
【0020】
ランタノイドが、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Luのうちの少なくとも1つである構成にすると、これらの元素の窒化物は、バンドギャップが2eV前後の半導体であり、InNの有している特性を損なわない。
【0021】
また、窒化物系化合物半導体InNのキャリア濃度は、例えば、図3の実験結果に示すように、Siのドーピング濃度に依存する。これは、SiのドーピングによるInNの結晶性改善の効果と考えられる。
【0022】
図3に示す実験結果から、Siのドーピング濃度を1×1016cm−3以上にすると、InNのキャリア濃度を下げることが可能である。また、Siのドーピングによるキャリア生成を1×1018cm−3以下にすることが望ましいため、Siのドーピング濃度を1×1018cm−3以下にすることが望ましい。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。
【0024】
(実施形態1)
本発明の実施形態1による窒化物系化合物半導体は、例えば、図1の断面図に示すように、(0001)サファイア基板11上に、膜厚20nmの低温成長GaNバッファ層12、Ga濃度5×1019cm−3、膜厚1μmのGa添加InN層13、及びIn電極14が、順次積層された構造を有する。
【0025】
このような層構造を形成するための結晶成長の方法としては、有機金属気相成長法(MOVPE法)、プラズマ励起した窒素を用いた分子線エピタキシー法(MBE法)などを用いることができる。より詳しくは、MBE法は、RF(Radio Frequency Osillator:無線周波発振器)−励起MBE法、ECR(Electron Cyclotron ResonanceReactor:電子サイクロトロン共鳴反応器)−励起MBE法などを用いることができる。
【0026】
本実施形態1では、例えば、RF−励起MBE法により結晶成長を行い各層を形成した。
【0027】
具体的には、まず真空中で基板温度800℃にて10分間程度基板11の洗浄を行う。次に、基板温度を550℃に設定し、窒素流量1sccm、プラズマ電力300Wの条件で窒素ラジカルを基板11に照射し、結晶成長を良くするための1時間程度表面の窒化を行い、その後基板11上にGaN低温バッファ層12を結晶成長させる。次に、同じ基板温度でGaN低温バッファ層12上にGa添加InN層13を結晶成長させる。Ga添加InN層13上にIn電極14を形成し、ホール測定を行った結果、キャリア濃度8×1016cm−3、移動度1500cm/Vsの窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。
【0028】
より詳しくは、窒化物系化合物半導体InNのキャリア濃度は、例えば、図2の実験結果に示すように、III族元素であるGaのドーピング濃度に依存する。もともと、アンドープのInNのキャリア濃度が1×1020cm−3程度ある場合、GaのドーピングによってInNのキャリア濃度は減少する。これは、結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を、結合力の強いGa−N結合に置換することで、窒素空孔の生成が抑えられたためである。
【0029】
図2に示す実験結果から、Gaのドーピング濃度を1×1017cm−3以上にすると、InNのキャリア濃度を下げることができる。
【0030】
但し、Gaのドーピング濃度を1×1020cm−3以上に増やした場合、キャリア濃度も下がるが膜質もInGaN混晶状態になるため、ドーピングのレベルを超えてしまう。従って、ドーピング濃度の上限としては、1×1020cm−3以下にすることが望ましい。
【0031】
(実施形態2)
本発明の実施形態2よる窒化物系化合物半導体は、上述した実施形態1におけるGa添加InN層13が、Al添加InN層23である点で相違し、その他の構成は図1に示す上記実施形態1の場合と同様とするものである。
【0032】
尚、結晶成長の方法としては、MOVPE法、RF−励起MBE法、ECR−励起MBE法などを用いることができるが、ここでは、例えば、MOVPE法により結晶成長を行い各層を形成した。
【0033】
具体的には、まず水素雰囲気中で基板温度1100℃にて基板11の洗浄を10分間程度行う。次に、基板温度を550℃に設定し、基板11上にGaN低温バッファ層12を結晶成長させる。次に、基板温度を600℃に設定し、GaN低温バッファ層12上に、例えばAl濃度1×1020cm−3、膜厚1μmのAl添加InN層23を結晶成長させる。Al添加InN層23上にIn電極14を形成し、ホール測定を行った結果、キャリア濃度1×10−7cm−3、移動度1200cm/Vsの窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。
【0034】
尚、本実施形態2は、上述した実施形態1の場合と同様にIII族元素を用いるものであるので、図2を用いて説明した上記と同様の結果が得られる。
【0035】
即ち、本発明の実施形態2による窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法によれば、Alを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含しているので、結晶成長の際に結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いAl−N結合に置換することで窒素空孔の生成を抑えることができる。従って、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることができる。
【0036】
(実施形態3)
本発明の実施形態3による窒化物系化合物半導体は、上述した実施形態1におけるGa添加InN層13が、P、As又はSb添加InN層33である点で相違し、その他の構成は図1に示す上記実施形態1の場合と同様とするものである。
【0037】
尚、結晶成長の方法としては、MOVPE法、RF−励起MBE法、ECR−励起MBE法などを用いることができるが、ここでは、例えば、MOVPE法により結晶成長を行い各層を形成し、濃度1×1019cm−3、膜厚1μmPのAs又はSb添加InN層33を有する構成とした。
【0038】
表1は、P、As又はSbを同一濃度の添加量で形成したInN層のホール測定の結果を示しており、InN層33にPを添加した場合、キャリア濃度3.4×1017cm−3、移動度1100cm/Vsが得られ、Asを添加した場合、キャリア濃度5.0×1017cm−3、移動度1050cm/Vsが得られ、Sbを添加した場合、キャリア濃度6.8×1017cm−3、移動度1020cm/Vsが得られ、いずれの場合においても低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有する窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0003549151
【0040】
即ち、本発明の実施形態3による窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法によれば、P、As又はSbを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含しているので、結晶成長の際に窒素空孔をP、As又はSbで置換してキャリアの生成を抑えることができる。従って、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることができる。
【0041】
(実施形態4)
本発明の実施形態4による窒化物系化合物半導体は、上述した実施形態1におけるGa添加InN層13が、ランタノイド添加InN層43である点で相違し、その他の構成は図1に示す上記実施形態1の場合と同様とするものである。
【0042】
尚、結晶成長の方法としては、MOVPE法、RF−励起MBE法、ECR−励起MBE法などを用いることができるが、ここでは、例えば、MOVPE法により結晶成長を行い各層を形成し、濃度1×1019cm−3、膜厚1μmのランタノイド添加InN層43を有する構成とした。
【0043】
表2は、ランタノイドであるPr、Nd、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho又はYbを同一濃度の添加量で形成したInN層のホール測定の結果を示しており、InN層43にいずれのランタノイドを添加した場合においても、低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有する窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0003549151
【0045】
即ち、本発明の実施形態4による窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法によれば、ランタノイドを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含しているので、結晶成長の際に結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いランタノイド−結合に置換することで窒素空孔の生成を抑えることができ、キャリアの生成を抑えることができる。従って、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることができる。また、これらのランタノイド元素の窒化物は、バンドギャップが2eV前後の半導体であるので、InNの有している特性を損なわないという効果を奏する。
【0046】
尚、表2では、ランタノイドが、Pr、Nd、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho又はYbである場合の結果を示したが、これ以外のランタノイドでも同様の効果が確認されている。
【0047】
(実施形態5)
本発明の実施形態5による窒化物系化合物半導体は、上述した実施形態1におけるGa添加InN層13が、Si添加InN層53である点で相違し、その他の構成は図1に示す上記実施形態1の場合と同様とするものである。
【0048】
尚、結晶成長の方法としては、MOVPE法、RF−励起MBE法、ECR−励起MBE法などを用いることができるが、ここでは、例えば、RF−励起MBE法により結晶成長を行い各層を形成し、濃度1×1018cm−3、膜厚1μmのSi添加InN層53を有する構成とした。
【0049】
具体的には、窒化物系化合物半導体InNのキャリア濃度は、例えば、図3の実験結果に示すように、Siのドーピング濃度に依存する。これは、SiのドーピングによるInNの結晶性改善の効果と考えられる。
【0050】
図3に示す実験結果から、Siのドーピング濃度を1×1016cm−3以上にすると、InNのキャリア濃度を下げることができる。また、Siのドーピングによるキャリア生成を1×1018cm−3以下にすることが望ましいため、Siのドーピング濃度を1×1018cm−3以下にすることが望ましい。
【0051】
Si添加InN層53上にIn電極14を形成し、ホール測定を行った結果、キャリア濃度5×1017cm−3、移動度1000cm/Vsの窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。
【0052】
尚、上述した各実施形態は、本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体及びその製造方法の一例を示しているにすぎず、本発明はこれらの具体手的構成に限定されるものでない。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体によれば、InN層が、Ga、Al、P、As、Sb及びランタノイドのうちの少なくとも1つを所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたものであるため、結晶成長の際に結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いGa、Al又はランタノイドとNの結合に置換することで、窒素空孔の生成を抑えられており、又結晶成長の際に窒素空孔がP、As又はSbで置換されキャリアの生成が抑えられているため、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることができる。また、InN層が、Siを所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたものとする場合には、結晶性の改善によりキャリア濃度を下げることができる。
【0054】
具体的には、例えば、キャリア濃度が1×1018cm−3以下で、高電子移動度が1000cm/Vs以上の窒化物系化合物半導体が得られた。従って、例えば、ヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタなどの高速電子デバイスへ応用することができる。
【0055】
また、本発明の窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法によれば、Ga、Al、P、As、Sb又はランタノイドを1×1017cm−3以上、1×1020cm−3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含しているので、結晶成長の際に結合力が弱いIn−N結合の一部を結合力の強いGa、Al又はランタノイドとNの結合に置換することで窒素空孔の生成を抑えることができ、又結晶成長の際に窒素空孔をP、As又はSbで置換してキャリアの生成を抑えることができる。また、Siを1×1016cm−3以上、1×1018cm−3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含しているので、結晶性の改善によりキャリア濃度を下げることができる。従って、窒化物系化合物半導体を低キャリア濃度で高電子移動度を有するものとすることができる。
【0056】
上記ランタノイドが、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Luのうちの少なくとも1つである構成にすると、これらの元素の窒化物は、バンドギャップが2eV前後の半導体であるので、InNの有している特性を損なわないという効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態1〜実施形態5による窒化物系化合物半導体の構成例を示す断面図である。
【図2】GaをドープしたInN層におけるキャリア濃度とGaドーピング濃度との関係を表すグラフである。
【図3】SiをドープしたInN層におけるキャリア濃度とGaドーピング濃度との関係を表すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
11 基板
12 低温成長GaNバッファ層
13 Ga添加InN層
14 In電極
23 Al添加InN層
33 P、As又はSb添加InN層
43 ランタノイド添加InN層
53 Si添加InN層[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a low carrier concentration and high electron mobility and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
InN, which is a nitride-based compound semiconductor, has a high mobility of 1000 cm 2 / Vs or more theoretically [S. N. See Mohammad et al. , Proceedings of the IEEE 83 (1995) 1306], and it is considered that an electronic device such as a heterostructure field effect transistor having excellent characteristics can be obtained by using the high mobility.
[0003]
In general, a nitride-based compound semiconductor InN is produced by a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE: Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) [A. Yamamoto et al. , J. et al. Crystal Growth 189/190 (1998) p. 461] or a molecular beam epitaxy method using nitrogen excited by plasma (MBE method: Molecular Beam Epitaxy) [S. M. Donovan et al. , J. et al. Electronic Materials 26 (1997) p. 1292].
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the InN film grown by such a growth method has a carrier concentration of about 1 × 10 19 cm −3 to 1 × 10 20 cm −3 due to nitrogen vacancies and the like, and several hundred cm 2. / Vs, and it is difficult to grow a nitride-based compound semiconductor InN having excellent crystallinity and electrical characteristics.
[0005]
For this reason, at present, electronic devices using the nitride-based compound semiconductor InN have not been put to practical use at all.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a low carrier concentration and high electron mobility, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention has an InN layer formed by crystal growth by doping Ga or Al at a predetermined concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less. Therefore, the above object is achieved.
[0009]
The InN layer has an electron carrier concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less and an electron mobility of 1000 cm −2 / Vs or more .
[0010]
The method for producing a nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention includes a step of doping Ga or Al at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less to grow a crystal of an InN layer. .
[0011]
Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described.
[0012]
In the nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention, the InN layer is formed by doping at least one of Ga, Al, P, As, Sb, and a lanthanoid at a predetermined concentration and growing the crystal. In this case, by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with a bond of Ga, Al or a lanthanoid and N having a strong bonding force, generation of nitrogen vacancies is suppressed, and also, during crystal growth, Nitrogen vacancies are replaced with P, As, or Sb to suppress generation of carriers, so that the nitride-based compound semiconductor can have a low carrier concentration and high electron mobility. In the case where the InN layer is formed by doping Si at a predetermined concentration and growing crystals, the carrier concentration can be reduced by improving the crystallinity.
[0013]
More specifically, the carrier concentration of the nitride-based compound semiconductor InN depends on, for example, the doping concentration of Ga, which is a group III element, as shown in the experimental results of FIG. Originally, when the carrier concentration of undoped InN is about 1 × 10 20 cm −3 , the carrier concentration of InN decreases due to the doping of Ga. This is because the generation of nitrogen vacancies was suppressed by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with a Ga-N bond having a strong bonding force.
[0014]
From the experimental results shown in FIG. 2, when the doping concentration of Ga is set to 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration of InN can be reduced.
[0015]
However, when the doping concentration of Ga is increased to 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration is reduced, but the film quality is in an InGaN mixed crystal state, so that the doping level is exceeded. Therefore, the upper limit of the doping concentration is desirably 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less.
[0016]
Note that the same result as described above can be obtained even when Al, which is the same group III element as Ga, is used.
[0017]
As described above, by growing a nitride-based compound semiconductor InN at a doping concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less of Ga or Al, high electron transfer with a low carrier concentration is achieved. Crystal growth of InN having a high degree. Specifically, for example, InN having a carrier concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less and a high electron mobility of 1000 cm 2 / Vs or more was obtained.
[0018]
In addition, the same result as in FIG. 2 can be obtained by changing the doping to a group III element of Ga or Al and using P, As or Sb as a group V element. That is, by growing a nitride-based compound semiconductor InN at a doping concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less of P, As or Sb, nitrogen vacancies are formed by P, As. Alternatively, since the generation of carriers is suppressed by substitution with Sb, crystal growth of InN having a low carrier concentration and high electron mobility becomes possible.
[0019]
Further, the same result as in FIG. 2 can be obtained by using a lanthanoid instead of doping with a group III element of Ga or Al. That is, by growing a nitride-based compound semiconductor InN with a lanthanoid at a doping concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less, a part of the In—N bond having a weak bonding force is formed. Is replaced with a lanthanoid-N bond having a strong bonding force, thereby suppressing the generation of nitrogen vacancies. Therefore, crystal growth of InN having a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility becomes possible.
[0020]
When the lanthanoid is constituted by at least one of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, a nitride of these elements is used. Is a semiconductor having a band gap of about 2 eV and does not impair the characteristics of InN.
[0021]
The carrier concentration of the nitride-based compound semiconductor InN depends on the doping concentration of Si, for example, as shown in the experimental results of FIG. This is considered to be the effect of improving the crystallinity of InN by doping with Si.
[0022]
From the experimental results shown in FIG. 3, when the doping concentration of Si is set to 1 × 10 16 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration of InN can be reduced. In addition, since it is preferable that the carrier generation due to the Si doping be 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less, it is desirable that the Si doping concentration be 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
[0024]
(Embodiment 1)
The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to the first embodiment of the present invention is, for example, as shown in a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, a (0001) sapphire substrate 11, a low-temperature-grown GaN buffer layer 12 having a thickness of 20 nm, and a Ga concentration of 5 ×. It has a structure in which a Ga-added InN layer 13 of 10 19 cm −3 and a film thickness of 1 μm and an In electrode 14 are sequentially stacked.
[0025]
As a crystal growth method for forming such a layer structure, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (MOVPE method), a molecular beam epitaxy method using plasma-excited nitrogen (MBE method), or the like can be used. More specifically, as the MBE method, an RF (Radio Frequency Oscillator) -excitation MBE method, an ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Reactor) -excitation MBE method, or the like can be used.
[0026]
In the first embodiment, for example, each layer is formed by performing crystal growth by the RF-excitation MBE method.
[0027]
Specifically, first, the substrate 11 is washed in a vacuum at a substrate temperature of 800 ° C. for about 10 minutes. Next, the substrate temperature is set to 550 ° C., nitrogen radicals are irradiated on the substrate 11 under the conditions of a nitrogen flow rate of 1 sccm and a plasma power of 300 W, and the surface is nitrided for about 1 hour to improve crystal growth. A GaN low-temperature buffer layer 12 is crystal-grown thereon. Next, a Ga-doped InN layer 13 is grown on the GaN low-temperature buffer layer 12 at the same substrate temperature. As a result of forming an In electrode 14 on the Ga-doped InN layer 13 and performing hole measurement, a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a carrier concentration of 8 × 10 16 cm −3 and a mobility of 1500 cm 2 / Vs was obtained.
[0028]
More specifically, the carrier concentration of the nitride-based compound semiconductor InN depends on, for example, the doping concentration of Ga, which is a group III element, as shown in the experimental results of FIG. Originally, when the carrier concentration of undoped InN is about 1 × 10 20 cm −3 , the carrier concentration of InN decreases due to the doping of Ga. This is because the generation of nitrogen vacancies was suppressed by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with a Ga-N bond having a strong bonding force.
[0029]
From the experimental results shown in FIG. 2, when the doping concentration of Ga is set to 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration of InN can be reduced.
[0030]
However, when the doping concentration of Ga is increased to 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration is reduced, but the film quality is in an InGaN mixed crystal state, so that the doping level is exceeded. Therefore, the upper limit of the doping concentration is desirably 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less.
[0031]
(Embodiment 2)
The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the Ga-doped InN layer 13 in the first embodiment is an Al-doped InN layer 23, and other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. The same as in the case of 1.
[0032]
As a method of crystal growth, MOVPE, RF-excited MBE, ECR-excited MBE, or the like can be used. Here, for example, each layer was formed by MOVPE.
[0033]
Specifically, first, the substrate 11 is washed for about 10 minutes at a substrate temperature of 1100 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere. Next, the substrate temperature is set to 550 ° C., and the GaN low-temperature buffer layer 12 is crystal-grown on the substrate 11. Next, the substrate temperature is set to 600 ° C., and an Al-added InN layer 23 having, for example, an Al concentration of 1 × 10 20 cm −3 and a film thickness of 1 μm is grown on the GaN low-temperature buffer layer 12. As a result of forming an In electrode 14 on the Al-added InN layer 23 and performing hole measurement, a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a carrier concentration of 1 × 10 −7 cm −3 and a mobility of 1200 cm 2 / Vs was obtained.
[0034]
In the second embodiment, since a group III element is used in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the same result as that described with reference to FIG. 2 can be obtained.
[0035]
That is, according to the method for manufacturing a nitride-based compound semiconductor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, Al is doped at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 to 1 × 10 20 cm −3 to crystallize the InN layer. Since the growth step is included, the generation of nitrogen vacancies can be suppressed by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with an Al-N bond having a strong bonding force during crystal growth. . Therefore, the nitride-based compound semiconductor can have a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility.
[0036]
(Embodiment 3)
The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to the third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the Ga-added InN layer 13 in the first embodiment is a P, As or Sb-added InN layer 33, and other configurations are shown in FIG. This is the same as the case of the first embodiment shown.
[0037]
As a method of crystal growth, MOVPE method, RF-excited MBE method, ECR-excited MBE method and the like can be used. Here, for example, crystal growth is performed by MOVPE method to form each layer, and a concentration of 1%. It was configured to have an As or Sb-added InN layer 33 of × 10 19 cm −3 and a thickness of 1 μmP.
[0038]
Table 1 shows the results of the hole measurement of the InN layer formed by adding P, As or Sb at the same concentration, and when P is added to the InN layer 33, the carrier concentration is 3.4 × 10 17 cm −. 3 , a mobility of 1100 cm 2 / Vs is obtained. When As is added, a carrier concentration of 5.0 × 10 17 cm −3 and a mobility of 1050 cm 2 / Vs are obtained. When Sb is added, the carrier concentration is 6. 8 × 10 17 cm −3 and a mobility of 1020 cm 2 / Vs were obtained, and in each case, a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility was obtained.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003549151
[0040]
That is, according to the method for manufacturing a nitride-based compound semiconductor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, P, As, or Sb is doped at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less. Since the step of crystal growth of the InN layer is included, the generation of carriers can be suppressed by replacing nitrogen vacancies with P, As or Sb during crystal growth. Therefore, the nitride-based compound semiconductor can have a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility.
[0041]
(Embodiment 4)
The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the Ga-doped InN layer 13 in the first embodiment is a lanthanoid-doped InN layer 43, and other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. The same as in the case of 1.
[0042]
As a method of crystal growth, MOVPE method, RF-excited MBE method, ECR-excited MBE method and the like can be used. Here, for example, crystal growth is performed by MOVPE method to form each layer, and a concentration of 1%. It was configured to have a lanthanide-added InN layer 43 of × 10 19 cm −3 and a film thickness of 1 μm.
[0043]
Table 2 shows the results of the hole measurement of the InN layer in which Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho or Yb, which are lanthanoids, were added at the same concentration, and any lanthanoid was added to the InN layer 43. , A nitride-based compound semiconductor having a low carrier concentration and high electron mobility was obtained.
[0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003549151
[0045]
That is, according to the method for manufacturing a nitride-based compound semiconductor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, the lanthanoid is doped at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less to crystallize the InN layer. Since the growth step is included, the generation of nitrogen vacancies can be suppressed by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with a lanthanoid-bond having a strong bonding force during crystal growth, Generation of carriers can be suppressed. Therefore, the nitride-based compound semiconductor can have a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility. In addition, since the nitrides of these lanthanoid elements are semiconductors having a band gap of about 2 eV, they have an effect of not impairing the characteristics of InN.
[0046]
Table 2 shows the results in the case where the lanthanoid is Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho or Yb, but similar effects are confirmed with other lanthanoids.
[0047]
(Embodiment 5)
The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the Ga-added InN layer 13 in the first embodiment is the Si-added InN layer 53, and other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. The same as in the case of 1.
[0048]
As a method of crystal growth, MOVPE method, RF-excited MBE method, ECR-excited MBE method and the like can be used. Here, for example, each layer is formed by performing crystal growth by RF-excited MBE method. And an SiN-containing InN layer 53 having a concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm −3 and a thickness of 1 μm.
[0049]
Specifically, the carrier concentration of the nitride-based compound semiconductor InN depends on the doping concentration of Si, for example, as shown in the experimental results of FIG. This is considered to be the effect of improving the crystallinity of InN by doping with Si.
[0050]
From the experimental results shown in FIG. 3, when the doping concentration of Si is 1 × 10 16 cm −3 or more, the carrier concentration of InN can be reduced. In addition, since it is preferable that the carrier generation due to the Si doping be 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less, it is desirable that the Si doping concentration be 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less.
[0051]
As a result of forming an In electrode 14 on the Si-added InN layer 53 and performing hole measurement, a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a carrier concentration of 5 × 10 17 cm −3 and a mobility of 1000 cm 2 / Vs was obtained.
[0052]
The embodiments described above merely show an example of the nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same, and the present invention is not limited to these specific configurations.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention, the InN layer is formed by doping at least one of Ga, Al, P, As, Sb, and a lanthanoid at a predetermined concentration to grow a crystal. Therefore, the generation of nitrogen vacancies can be suppressed by replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with a bond of Ga, Al or a lanthanoid having a strong bonding force during crystal growth. Also, during the crystal growth, the nitrogen vacancies are replaced by P, As or Sb to suppress the generation of carriers, so that the nitride-based compound semiconductor has a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility. be able to. When the InN layer is formed by doping Si at a predetermined concentration and growing crystals, the carrier concentration can be reduced by improving the crystallinity.
[0054]
Specifically, for example, a nitride-based compound semiconductor having a carrier concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less and a high electron mobility of 1000 cm 2 / Vs or more was obtained. Therefore, for example, it can be applied to high-speed electronic devices such as heterojunction field-effect transistors.
[0055]
According to the method for manufacturing a nitride-based compound semiconductor of the present invention, Ga, Al, P, As, Sb or a lanthanoid is doped at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less. And growing a crystal of the InN layer, thereby replacing a part of the In-N bond having a weak bonding force with Ga, Al or a lanthanoid and N bond having a strong bonding force during the crystal growth. Can suppress generation of nitrogen vacancies, and can suppress generation of carriers by replacing nitrogen vacancies with P, As, or Sb during crystal growth. Further, since the method includes a step of doping Si at a concentration of 1 × 10 16 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less to grow an InN layer, the carrier concentration is reduced by improving the crystallinity. be able to. Therefore, the nitride-based compound semiconductor can have a low carrier concentration and a high electron mobility.
[0056]
When the lanthanoid is configured to be at least one of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, nitriding of these elements Since the object is a semiconductor having a band gap of about 2 eV, it has an effect of not impairing the characteristics of InN.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a nitride-based compound semiconductor according to Embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a carrier concentration and a Ga doping concentration in an InN layer doped with Ga.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a carrier concentration and a Ga doping concentration in an InN layer doped with Si.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 11 substrate 12 low-temperature-grown GaN buffer layer 13 Ga-added InN layer 14 In-electrode 23 Al-added InN layer 33 P, As or Sb-added InN layer 43 Lanthanoid-added InN layer 53 Si-added InN layer

Claims (3)

GaまたはAlを1×10 17 cm -3 以上、1×10 20 cm -3 以下である所定の濃度でドーピングして結晶成長させたInN層を有する窒化物系化合物半導体。A nitride-based compound semiconductor having an InN layer grown and doped with Ga or Al at a predetermined concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less . 前記InN層は、電子キャリア濃度が1×1018cm-3以下、電子移動度が1000cm-2/Vs以上である請求項1記載の窒化物系化合物半導体。2. The nitride-based compound semiconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the InN layer has an electron carrier concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm −3 or less and an electron mobility of 1000 cm −2 / Vs or more. GaまたはAlを1×1017cm-3以上、1×1020cm-3以下の濃度でドーピングしてInN層を結晶成長させる工程を包含する窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法。A method for producing a nitride-based compound semiconductor, comprising the step of doping Ga or Al at a concentration of 1 × 10 17 cm −3 or more and 1 × 10 20 cm −3 or less to grow an InN layer.
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