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JP3550183B2 - Tunnel blasting method - Google Patents
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JP3550183B2 - Tunnel blasting method - Google Patents

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JP3550183B2
JP3550183B2 JP17704194A JP17704194A JP3550183B2 JP 3550183 B2 JP3550183 B2 JP 3550183B2 JP 17704194 A JP17704194 A JP 17704194A JP 17704194 A JP17704194 A JP 17704194A JP 3550183 B2 JP3550183 B2 JP 3550183B2
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Prior art keywords
blasting
tunnel
detonating
blast holes
blast
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JP17704194A
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JPH0842999A (en
Inventor
雅昭 山本
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、効率良くトンネル掘進を行うためのトンネル発破工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、発破の効率は、自由面を如何にうまく利用するかに大きく左右され、自由面の数が多いほど発破効率は増大する。
【0003】
トンネル掘進発破において、切羽面のみが自由面の一自由面発破となる場合、発破としては効率の悪いものである。そこで、まず切羽面内に新たな自由面を形成する芯抜き発破と、次にこの二自由面を順次拡大して行く払い発破を組み合わせることにより効率の向上を図っている。
【0004】
従来、芯抜き発破として用いられてきたものとしては、Vカットやピラミッドカット等のアングルカットと、バーンカットやラージホールカットあるいはスパイラルカット等のパラレルカットとを挙げることができる。このうち、Vカットやピラミッドカット等のアングルカットは、切羽面を唯一の自由面として利用し、発破孔の穿孔角度を掘進方向の一点に集中させ、トンネルの掘進方向に向けて楔形やピラミッド型に穿孔し、発破孔の底部に集中的に装薬し、切羽面に向かってずりを押し出すように掘削するものであり、発破孔の穿孔角度を正確に維持し、孔底を一点に集中させることが重要である。また、起爆は斉発が好ましい。
【0005】
また、バーンカットやラージホールカットあるいはスパイラルカット等のパラレルカットは、掘進方向と平行に発破孔を穿孔することを基本とするもので、芯抜き部分の中心付近に複数の空孔あるいは大口径の空孔を配置し、これを取り巻く形で数段階の発破孔を配置し、中心の空孔と切羽面とを自由面として利用し、発破孔に対する装薬は、この発破孔の口元近傍までほぼ均一に分散させ、空孔に最も近い発破孔群は一孔ずつ、それより以遠の発破孔群は斉発あるいは段発することにより、空孔に向かってずりを押し出すようにし、空孔を順次自由面としての効果が充分発揮される大きさまで拡大して行く方法である。特に、スパイラルカットは、大口径の空孔の周りに螺旋状に発破孔を配置し、空孔に近い方から順次起爆して芯抜きを行うものであり、これらの中では最も効率の良い方法である。
【0006】
一方、従来の払い発破としては、巻き方式とライン方式とを挙げることができる。
【0007】
巻き方式は、芯抜き発破により形成された芯抜き穴の自由面を取り巻く形で同心円状に配置した発破孔を斉発あるいは段発し、この芯抜き穴を切り広げて行く二自由面発破あるいは三自由面発破である。
【0008】
また、ライン方式は、芯抜き発破により形成された芯抜き穴を、この芯抜き穴と同じ高さで、トンネルの横幅よりわずかに狭い範囲に亙って水平に配置された発破孔を斉発あるいは段発することにより切り広げ、これによって切り広げられた自由面に対し、平行に配置された発破孔をさらに斉発あるいは段発することにより、順次切り広げて行く二自由面発破あるいは三自由面発破である。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来のトンネル掘削においては、雷管の種類や発破段数が限られているMS段発雷管やDS段発雷管を主として使用しているため、切羽面のほぼ全面に亙って三自由面発破を行うことができない。つまり、二自由面発破が主体であって、効率の良い三自由面発破が部分的にしか行われていない。
【0010】
また、トンネル掘削における従来の芯抜き発破のうち、Vカットやピラミッドカット等のアングルカットは、発破孔の穿孔角度を正確に維持し、発破孔の底を一点に集中させることに熟練を要し、この精度の低下が掘進効率の低下につながる欠点があった。この芯抜き穴の起爆には、高い斉発の精度が要求されるが、発破振動や騒音等の環境問題のため、斉発薬量を制限する目的で、芯抜き孔群を分割起爆する必要がある場合には、MS段発雷管やDS段発雷管を用いなければならない。しかし、MS段発雷管やDS段発雷管では上述した斉発精度を維持することが困難なため、掘進効率の大幅な低下を招いている。さらに、アングルカットの場合、比較的大きなずりが発生するため、搬出のためにこのずりを破砕する必要があり、トンネルの掘進作業能率を低下させる原因の一つとなっている。
【0011】
また、バーンカットやラージホールカットあるいはスパイラルカット等のパラレルカットは、近年の発破孔の長孔化に適した技術であり、芯抜きのための起爆も、1孔あるいは2孔ずつ順次行うため、発破振動や騒音等の環境問題対策にも好ましい方法と言える。しかし、トンネルの掘進効率を最も良くする起爆時間間隔は、一発破進行長に合わせて決定するべきものであるが、従来のMS段発雷管やDS段発雷管では、その種類や段数が限られ、この要求に充分に対応できるものではなかった。
【0012】
一方、払い発破のうち、巻き方式においては、斉発あるいは数ブロックの段発でトンネルの中心側に向かってアーチ状に払う場合には、二自由面発破となり、しかもアーチアクションが発生する非効率的な発破となるため、発破孔の穿孔数や装薬量が増大してしまう原因となっていた。
【0013】
また、ライン方式は、芯抜き発破により形成された芯抜き穴を順次切り広げる二自由面発破であり、この芯抜き穴の切り広げ段階において隅に相当する部分が払われにくく、発破孔の穿孔数や装薬量を増大させなければならない。しかも、ずりの大きさが大きくなる傾向にあり、発破後のずりの処理に時間を要している。
【0014】
【発明の目的】
本発明の目的は、トンネルの切羽面のほぼ全面に亙って三自由面発破を行うことにより、より少ない装薬量で効率良くトンネル掘進し得るトンネル発破工法を提供することにある。
【0015】
また、本発明の別な目的は、ずりを小さくし得るトンネル発破工法を提供することにある。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による第一の形態は、トンネルの切羽面に複数の発破孔を穿設し、これら発破孔に対して爆薬およびこの爆薬を起爆する起爆手段を装填した後、一直線状に隣接する複数の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させ、これに続いて直前に起爆した発破孔を含むすでに起爆済みの発破孔に隣接する他の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させることにより、前記発破孔にそれぞれ装填されたすべての起爆手段をすべて異なる起爆時期にて順次起爆させるようにしたことを特徴とするトンネル発破工法にある。
【0017】
また、本発明による第二の形態は、トンネルの切羽面に複数の発破孔を穿設し、これら発破孔に対して爆薬およびこの爆薬を起爆する起爆手段を装填した後、一直線状に並ばない相互に隣接する3つの発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させ、これに続いて直前に起爆した発破孔を含むすでに起爆済みの発破孔に隣接する他の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させることにより、前記発破孔にそれぞれ装填されたすべての起爆手段をすべて異なる起爆時期にて順次起爆させるようにしたことを特徴とするトンネル発破工法にある。
【0018】
本発明の第二の形態においては、トンネルの中央部から外周縁に向けて螺旋状に起爆させることが好ましく、また、何れの形態においても所定の時間差が250ミリ秒以下となるように順次起爆することが好ましい。また、起爆手段が電気的遅延電気雷管であり、その起爆時間精度が設定時間に対して±1ミリ秒以下の精度を有するものであることが有効である。
【0019】
【作用】
本発明によると、一直線状に隣接する複数の発破孔を一つずつ1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させることにより、最初の発破孔に対する起爆は、トンネルの切羽面を一自由面とする一自由面発破となるが、一直線状に隣接する2つ目以降の発破孔に対する起爆は、それ以前の発破孔の起爆により新たに自由面が形成されるため、二自由面発破となる。
【0020】
これ以降の発破孔に対する起爆は、トンネルの隅部に相当する部分を除いてすべて三自由面発破が繰り返される。また、発破孔が一直線状に並んでいない場合、3つ目以降の発破孔に対する起爆は、新たに一自由面が追加されるため、すべて三自由面発破となる。
【0021】
なお、トンネルの切羽面に発破孔と共に予め空孔を設け、これに隣接する発破孔に装填された起爆手段の起爆を行うようにした場合には、最初の発破孔に対する起爆から二自由面発破となる。
【0022】
【実施例】
本発明によるトンネル発破工法を最も有効に実施し得る形態は、トンネルの切羽面に対して螺旋状に配置した発破孔を、一つずつトンネルの中心側より隅部へ向けて順次一発破進行長に合わせ、掘進効率が最も良くなるような岩質に応じた起爆間隔で順次起爆するものである。これにより、掘進効率を低下させることなく、発破振動や騒音等の環境問題も発生せず、効率的な掘進を行うことができる。また、1孔ずつの起爆を行うため、破砕岩石が小さくなって搬出の際の作業性が改善される。つまり、従来のように大きな破砕岩石が発生し、搬出の際に作業能率を低下させるようなこともない。
【0023】
また、一直線状に隣接する複数の発破孔を用いる場合も、自由面の横幅を縦の高さをほとんど変えることなく順次切り広げる部分は、同じ二自由面発破にはなるが、続いて自由面に対して平行に、さらに切り広げを行う段階でも右あるいは左から順次1孔ずつ起爆することにより、最初の1孔だけは効率の良くない二自由面発破となるが、あとはすべて効率の良い三自由面発破とすることができる。
【0024】
なお、高秒時精度雷管としては、起爆秒時設定の多用性と高秒時精度を利用する必要があるため、特公昭63−53479号公報や特開平5−79797号公報等に開示された電気的遅延電気雷管を使用することができる。
【0025】
以下、本発明によるトンネル発破工法の一実施例について、その切羽面の正面形状を表す図1およびそのII−II矢視断面形状を表す図2を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
【0026】
砂岩で中硬岩の岩質を有する約25平方メートルの断面積のトンネルAの切羽面Bの中央に直径が105ミリメートルの空孔0をトンネル掘進方向(図2中、上方向)と平行に1. 7メートルの深さに穿設し、さらに、直径が42ミリメートルの発破孔1〜66をトンネル掘進方向と平行に空孔0を中心として螺旋状に並ぶように1. 7メートルの深さに穿設した。そして、各発破孔1〜66内に含水爆薬(旭化成工業株式会社製:サンベックス)をそれぞれ300グラムと、発破孔の番号と同一の段数を持つ起爆時間間隔を25ミリ秒毎にずらした電気的遅延電気雷管(旭化成工業株式会社製:EDD)を100グラムの含水爆薬に装着して親ダイとしたものとを装填した。しかる後、各発破孔1〜66内の電気的遅延電気雷管を発破孔1〜66の順に25ミリ秒毎に順次起爆させ、ほぼ1. 5メートルのトンネル掘進長を得た。
【0027】
一方、従来工法による比較例として、そのトンネルの切羽面の正面形状を図3に示すと共にそのIV−IV矢視断面構造を図4に示す。すなわち、本実施例と全く同じ岩種および岩質を有する約25平方メートルの断面積のトンネルAの切羽面Bの中央部にVカットによる芯抜き発破のための発破孔C01〜C06を穿設し、さらにこれら発破孔C01〜C06を囲むように巻き方式の払い発破のための6ブロックの発破孔107〜661を穿設した。そして、芯抜き発破用の発破孔C01〜C06内に含水爆薬400グラムと、瞬発雷管を100グラムの含水爆薬に装着して親ダイとしたものとを装填し、さらに払い発破用の各発破孔107〜661内に含水爆薬を400グラムと、DS電気雷管を100グラムの含水爆薬に装着して親ダイとしたものとを装填した。しかる後、瞬発雷管を同時に起爆し、続いてDS電気雷管をブロック毎に順次段発させ、ほぼ1. 5メートルのトンネル掘進長を得た。
【0028】
表1は、上述した本実施例による発破工法および比較例による発破工法において、岩石1立方メートル当たりの火薬消費量、起砕不良の有無、ずりの大きさ、ずりの最大飛散距離、切羽面Bから約50メートル離れたトンネル坑口での発破振動についてそれぞれ示したものである。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0003550183
【0030】
この結果から明らかなように、従来法に比べて本発明によるトンネル発破工法は、火薬消費量で10%、ずりの大きさで約50%、ずりの最大飛散距離で約40%、発破振動の大きさで約75%それぞれ減少していることがわかる。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明のトンネル発破工法によると、自由面が無理なく規則正しく順次拡大され、従来のトンネル発破と同程度の掘進に必要な火薬消費量をより少なくすることが可能である。しかも、ずりの大きさを小さくすることができ、ずりの積込みや搬出が容易で、飛び石も発生せず、安全で発破振動や騒音を非常に小さく抑えることができる。
【0032】
また、掘削が無理なく行われるため、最終掘削面も平滑で、地山の緩みも小さく抑えられ、支保作業や材料を軽減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明によるトンネル発破工法の一実施例における切羽面の正面図である。
【図2】図1中のII−II矢視断面図である。
【図3】従来方法によるトンネル発破における切羽面の正面図である。
【図4】図3中のIV−IV矢視断面図である。
【符号の説明】
A トンネル
B 切羽面
01〜C06 発破孔
0 空孔
1〜66 発破孔
07〜661 発破孔[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a tunnel blasting method for efficiently tunneling.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, the efficiency of blasting depends greatly on how well the free surface is used, and the blasting efficiency increases as the number of free surfaces increases.
[0003]
In tunnel excavation blasting, if only the face face becomes one free surface blasting, the blasting is inefficient. Therefore, the efficiency is improved by first combining core blasting, which forms a new free surface in the face, and sweeping blasting, in which the two free surfaces are sequentially enlarged.
[0004]
Conventionally, angle cuts such as V cuts and pyramid cuts and parallel cuts such as burn cuts, large hole cuts, and spiral cuts have been used as the core blasting. Of these, angle cuts such as V cut and pyramid cut use the face face as the only free surface, concentrate the piercing angle of the blast hole at one point in the excavation direction, and form a wedge or pyramid shape toward the tunnel excavation direction. The blast hole is intensively charged at the bottom of the blast hole, and excavation is performed so as to push the shear toward the face face.The piercing angle of the blast hole is accurately maintained, and the bottom of the hole is concentrated at one point. This is very important. Further, it is preferable that the detonation be performed simultaneously.
[0005]
Parallel cuts such as burn cuts, large hole cuts, and spiral cuts are based on drilling blast holes in parallel with the direction of excavation.A plurality of holes or large-diameter holes are provided near the center of the cored portion. A hole is arranged, several stages of blast holes are arranged in a form surrounding the hole, the center hole and the face face are used as free surfaces, and the charge for the blast hole is almost to the vicinity of the mouth of the blast hole. The blast holes closest to the holes are dispersed one by one, and the blast holes farther than that are released simultaneously or stepwise to push the shear toward the holes and free the holes one by one. This is a method of expanding to a size where the effect as a surface can be sufficiently exhibited. In particular, the spiral cut is a method in which blast holes are spirally arranged around a large-diameter hole, and detonation is performed sequentially from the closest to the hole to remove the core. Among these, the most efficient method is used. It is.
[0006]
On the other hand, as conventional payment blasting, there are a winding method and a line method.
[0007]
In the winding method, the blast holes arranged concentrically around the free surface of the centering hole formed by centering blasting are fired simultaneously or stepwise, and two free surface blasting or three-way cutting and expanding the centering holes are performed. Free blast.
[0008]
In the line method, the centering holes formed by centering blasting are blasted at the same height as the centering holes, and blast holes arranged horizontally over a range slightly narrower than the width of the tunnel Alternatively, the blast holes arranged in parallel with the free surface expanded by this stepping can be further blasted or blasted at the same time, so that the two free surface blasts or three free surface blasts that are successively widened are opened. It is.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In conventional tunnel excavation, since MS type and DS stage detonators with limited types and detonation stages are mainly used, three free surface blasts are performed over almost the entire face face. I can't. In other words, the blasting of the two free planes is mainly performed, and the efficient blasting of the three free planes is only partially performed.
[0010]
Also, among conventional core blasting methods in tunnel excavation, angle cuts such as V-cut and pyramid cut require skill in accurately maintaining the piercing angle of the blast hole and concentrating the bottom of the blast hole at one point. However, there is a disadvantage that this decrease in accuracy leads to a decrease in excavation efficiency. Detonation of the cored holes requires high accuracy of simultaneous firing. However, due to environmental problems such as blasting vibration and noise, it is necessary to divide the cored holes to explode in order to limit the amount of simultaneous explosives. In some cases, an MS stage or DS stage primer must be used. However, it is difficult to maintain the above-mentioned simultaneous firing accuracy in the MS stage priming tube and the DS stage priming tube, so that the excavation efficiency is greatly reduced. Further, in the case of the angle cut, a relatively large shear is generated. Therefore, it is necessary to crush the shear for carrying out, which is one of the causes of lowering the efficiency of tunnel excavation work.
[0011]
Also, parallel cut such as burn cut, large hole cut or spiral cut is a technique suitable for increasing the length of blast holes in recent years, and detonation for core removal is also performed sequentially by one or two holes at a time. It can be said that it is also a preferable method for measures against environmental problems such as blast vibration and noise. However, the detonation time interval that optimizes the tunnel excavation efficiency should be determined according to the blasting progress length. However, the type and number of stages are limited in the conventional MS stage detonator and DS stage detonator. However, it was not possible to sufficiently respond to this demand.
[0012]
On the other hand, among the blasting methods, in the winding method, if the payment is made in an arch shape toward the center side of the tunnel in a simultaneous or several blocks, the blasting will be two-free, and the arch action will occur. Blasting, which increases the number of blast holes and the amount of charge.
[0013]
In addition, the line method is a two-sided surface blasting in which the cored hole formed by the cored blasting is sequentially opened and widened. In the step of expanding the cored hole, a portion corresponding to a corner is hardly paid, and the blasting hole is drilled. The number and charge must be increased. Moreover, the size of the shear tends to increase, and it takes time to process the shear after blasting.
[0014]
[Object of the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting method capable of efficiently digging a tunnel with a smaller amount of charge by blasting three free faces over substantially the entire face of the tunnel.
[0015]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting method capable of reducing shear.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the first mode according to the present invention, a plurality of blast holes are drilled in the face of a tunnel, and an explosive and a detonating means for detonating the explosive are loaded into the blast holes. The blasting holes are fired one by one with a predetermined time lag of 1 millisecond or more, followed by other blasting holes adjacent to the already blasted holes including the blasting hole immediately before. By sequentially detonating the detonating means one by one with a predetermined time difference of 1 millisecond or more, all detonating means respectively loaded in the blast holes are sequentially detonated at different detonation times. It has a characteristic tunnel blasting method.
[0017]
In the second mode according to the present invention, a plurality of blast holes are formed in the face of the tunnel, and after loading the explosive and the detonating means for detonating the explosive into these blast holes, they are not aligned in a straight line. Three blast holes adjacent to each other are fired one by one with a predetermined time lag of 1 millisecond or more, and the blasting means are successively fired, and subsequently adjacent to the already blasted blast holes including the blast hole fired immediately before By sequentially detonating the detonating means one by one with a predetermined time difference of 1 ms or more, all the detonating means respectively loaded in the detonating holes are sequentially detonated at different detonation times. There is a tunnel blasting method characterized by being made to make it.
[0018]
In the second embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to initiate a spiral from the center of the tunnel to the outer peripheral edge, and in any of the embodiments, the predetermined time difference is sequentially set to be equal to or less than 250 milliseconds. It is preferred to initiate a detonation. Further, it is effective that the detonation means is an electric delay detonator, and the detonation time has an accuracy of ± 1 millisecond or less with respect to the set time.
[0019]
[Action]
According to the present invention, by a straight line to the difference plurality of blasthole one at 1 millisecond or of a predetermined time adjacent Te following the sequential detonation, detonation is for the first blasthole, the working face surface of the tunnel one The free surface is blasted as a free surface, but the detonation of the second and subsequent blast holes that are adjacent in a straight line creates a new free surface due to the blast of the previous blast hole. It becomes.
[0020]
Subsequent detonation of the blast holes will be repeated in all three areas except for the corners of the tunnel. If the blast holes are not arranged in a straight line, the blasting of the third and subsequent blast holes will be all three free surface blasts because a new free surface is added.
[0021]
In addition, if a hole is provided in advance along with the blast hole on the face of the tunnel and the blasting means loaded in the blast hole adjacent to this hole is to be detonated, two free surface blasts will be performed after the first blast hole is detonated It becomes.
[0022]
【Example】
The mode in which the tunnel blasting method according to the present invention can be carried out most effectively is a blasting hole spirally arranged with respect to the face of the tunnel, and the blasting holes are sequentially advanced one by one from the center side of the tunnel toward the corner. In accordance with, detonation occurs sequentially at the detonation interval according to the rock quality so that the excavation efficiency becomes the best. As a result, the excavation can be performed efficiently without lowering the excavation efficiency and without causing environmental problems such as blast vibration and noise. In addition, since the detonation is performed for each hole, the crushed rock becomes smaller, and the workability at the time of carrying out is improved. That is, large crushed rocks are not generated as in the related art, and the work efficiency is not reduced at the time of unloading.
[0023]
Also, when using a plurality of blast holes that are adjacent to each other in a straight line, the part where the width of the free surface is sequentially widened without substantially changing the vertical height is the same two free surface blasts, but the free surface At the stage of cutting and expanding in parallel with the other, by firing one hole at a time in order from the right or left, only the first hole is an inefficient two-free surface blast, but the rest are all efficient Three free plane blasts can be made.
[0024]
In addition, since it is necessary to utilize the versatility of setting the explosion time and the accuracy of high time as a high second time detonator, it has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-53479 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-79797. An electrical delay electric detonator can be used.
[0025]
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the tunnel blasting method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 showing a front shape of a face of the tunnel and FIG.
[0026]
A hole 0 having a diameter of 105 mm is formed at the center of the face B of the tunnel A having a cross-sectional area of about 25 square meters and having a quality of sandstone and medium hard rock in parallel with the tunnel excavation direction (upward in FIG. 2). . Drilled at a depth of 7 meters, and blast holes 1 to 66 having a diameter of 42 mm were spirally arranged around hole 0 in parallel with the tunneling direction. It was drilled to a depth of 7 meters. In each of the blast holes 1 to 66, 300 g of a hydrous explosive (Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Sambex) was charged, and the detonation time interval having the same number of stages as the number of the blast holes was shifted every 25 milliseconds. A delay electric detonator (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: EDD) was mounted on a 100 g hydro-explosive and used as a parent die. Thereafter, the electric delay electric detonator in each of the blast holes 1 to 66 was sequentially detonated in the order of the blast holes 1 to 66 every 25 milliseconds. I got a 5 meter tunnel length.
[0027]
On the other hand, as a comparative example using the conventional method, FIG. 3 shows the front shape of the face of the tunnel and FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional structure taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. That is, blast holes C 01 to C 06 for centering blasting by V-cut are drilled at the center of the face B of the tunnel A having a cross section of about 25 square meters and having exactly the same rock type and quality as in the present embodiment. It was set, and further drilled blasthole 1 07-6 61 6 blocks for payments blasting winding method so as to surround the blasthole C 01 -C 06. Then, 400 g of a water-containing explosive and blasting detonator mounted on a 100 g of water-containing explosive and used as a parent die were loaded into blast holes C 01 to C 06 for core blasting. and 400 g of water gel explosive in blasting hole 1 07-6 61, was charged to those a parent die wearing the DS electric detonator in 100 g water explosives. Thereafter, the instantaneous detonator was detonated at the same time, and then the DS electric detonator was sequentially fired for each block. I got a 5 meter tunnel length.
[0028]
Table 1 shows that in the above-described blasting method according to the present embodiment and the blasting method according to the comparative example, explosive consumption per cubic meter of rock, presence or absence of crushing failure, size of shear, maximum scattering distance of shear, and face B The blast vibrations at the tunnel entrance about 50 meters away are shown.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003550183
[0030]
As is clear from these results, the tunnel blasting method according to the present invention has a 10% explosive consumption, a shear size of about 50%, a maximum shear distance of about 40%, and a blast vibration compared to the conventional method. It can be seen that the size is reduced by about 75%.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the tunnel blasting method of the present invention, the free surface can be smoothly and regularly enlarged sequentially, and the explosive consumption required for excavation at the same level as in the conventional tunnel blasting can be further reduced. In addition, the size of the shear can be reduced, the loading and unloading of the shear can be easily performed, no stepping stones can be generated, and the blast vibration and noise can be suppressed very small.
[0032]
In addition, since the excavation is performed without difficulty, the final excavation surface is also smooth, the loosening of the ground is suppressed to a small extent, and the supporting work and the material can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a face in a tunnel blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a face in blasting a tunnel by a conventional method.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3;
[Explanation of symbols]
A tunnel B Face surface C 01 -C 06 blasthole 0 vacancies 1-66 blasthole 1 07-6 61 blasthole

Claims (6)

トンネルの切羽面に複数の発破孔を穿設し、これら発破孔に対して爆薬およびこの爆薬を起爆する起爆手段を装填した後、一直線状に隣接する複数の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させ、これに続いて直前に起爆した発破孔を含むすでに起爆済みの発破孔に隣接する他の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させることにより、前記発破孔にそれぞれ装填されたすべての起爆手段をすべて異なる起爆時期にて順次起爆させるようにしたことを特徴とするトンネル発破工法。A plurality of blast holes are drilled in the face of the tunnel, explosives and detonating means for detonating the explosives are loaded into these blast holes, and a plurality of blast holes adjacent in a straight line are detonated one by one. The means are sequentially detonated with a predetermined time lag of 1 millisecond or more, followed by one more detonation means adjacent to the already detonated blast holes, including the one previously fired, one by one. A tunnel blasting method , wherein all blasting means loaded in the blast holes are sequentially blasted at different blasting times by sequentially blasting them with a predetermined time difference of milliseconds or more. トンネルの切羽面に複数の発破孔を穿設し、これら発破孔に対して爆薬およびこの爆薬を起爆する起爆手段を装填した後、一直線状に並ばない相互に隣接する3つの発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させ、これに続いて直前に起爆した発破孔を含むすでに起爆済みの発破孔に隣接する他の発破孔を一つずつそれらの起爆手段を1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆させることにより、前記発破孔にそれぞれ装填されたすべての起爆手段をすべて異なる起爆時期にて順次起爆させるようにしたことを特徴とするトンネル発破工法。After drilling a plurality of blast holes in the face of the tunnel, loading the blast holes with explosives and detonating means for detonating the explosives, one of the three adjacent blast holes which are not aligned in a straight line is arranged. Each of these detonating means is sequentially detonated with a predetermined time difference of 1 millisecond or more, and subsequently, other detonating holes adjacent to the already detonated blast holes, including the blast hole immediately before detonation, are added to them one by one. Tunnel blasting characterized by sequentially detonating the detonating means with a predetermined time difference of 1 millisecond or more, so that all detonating means respectively loaded in the blast holes are sequentially detonated at different detonation times. Construction method. トンネルの中央部から外周縁に向けて螺旋状に1ミリ秒以上の所定の時間差を以て順次起爆するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載したトンネル発破工法。3. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 2, wherein the blasting is performed sequentially with a predetermined time difference of 1 millisecond or more from a central portion of the tunnel toward an outer peripheral edge thereof. 所定の時間差が250ミリ秒以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2または請求項3に記載したトンネル発破工法。4. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined time difference is not more than 250 milliseconds. 起爆手段が電気的遅延電気雷管であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2または請求項3に記載したトンネル発破工法。4. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 1, wherein said detonating means is an electric delay electric detonator. 起爆手段の起爆時間精度が設定時間に対して±1ミリ秒以下の精度を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載したトンネル発破工法。5. The tunnel blasting method according to claim 4, wherein the detonation time of the detonation means has an accuracy of ± 1 millisecond or less with respect to a set time.
JP17704194A 1994-07-28 1994-07-28 Tunnel blasting method Expired - Lifetime JP3550183B2 (en)

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KR100438028B1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2004-06-30 조영동 A tunnel blasting method favorable to the environment,which utilizes pre-splitting and an upper center cut
KR100403385B1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-11-01 배상훈 Method of excavating tunnel without exceeding boundary
JP5969832B2 (en) * 2012-06-20 2016-08-17 株式会社熊谷組 Concrete crushing method by blasting
JP6765836B2 (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-10-07 株式会社大林組 Structure demolition method
CN109029176A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 西北矿冶研究院 Sectional type cutting method
EP3690186B1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2023-01-18 Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy Apparatus, method and computer program product for designing blasting order
CN112325719B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-12-27 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 Full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on center hole charging
CN114199090B (en) * 2021-12-09 2024-07-23 安徽铜冠(庐江)矿业有限公司 Deep hole pull groove roof breaking waste rock returning-free charging structure and operation method thereof

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