JP3557278B2

JP3557278B2 - How to operate hydraulic machinery

Info

Publication number: JP3557278B2
Application number: JP11265595A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 哲夫佐倉; 豊一進; 晋作佐藤; 武新井
Original assignee: Toshiba Corp; Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Current assignee: Toshiba Corp; Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority date: 1995-04-14
Filing date: 1995-04-14
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2019-08-25
Also published as: JPH08284793A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、水力機械の吸出し管からの冷却水を水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部に供給するための冷却水循環ラインを備えた水力機械の運転方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、水力発電所の水車やポンプ水車等の水力機械は、電力系統の無効電力調整のために調相運転されることがある。この調相運転は、水力機械が収納されたランナ室に圧縮空気を注入しその水面を押し下げて、水力機械を無負荷状態で回転させて行われる。
【０００３】
また、水力発電所には、水力機械やその水力機械の近傍に設置された電気機器の発熱部を冷却するための冷却水循環ラインを備えられている。たとえば、水力機械の軸受、水力機械に接続される発電機の軸受、変圧器巻線等の発熱部（以下、被冷却部という）を冷却するために、水力機械の水の吸出し管に取水部を設け、給水ポンプにより取水して水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部にその冷却水を供給し、使用後の排水を再び水力機械の吸出し管に戻す冷却水循環ラインを有するものが用いられている。
【０００４】
図１３は、このような冷却水循環ラインを有した水力発電所における水力機械の説明図である。図１３では、水力機械としてフランシス形ポンプ水車を用いたものを示している。貯水池からの水は、水圧鉄管を通してケーシング１に導かれ、水量を調節するガイドベーン２を介して、水力機械のランナ３に供給される。ランナ３に供給された水はランナ３を回転させ、そこで仕事を終えた水は吸出し管４を介して放水路５に放水される。
【０００５】
また、吸出し管４には冷却水循環ライン７が設けられている。すなわち、取水部６から給水ポンプ８により冷却水が取水され、水力機械の軸受部クーラ９で被冷却部を冷却し、その冷却後の排水は吸出し管４に設けられた排水部１０から排水されるようになっている。このようにして、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部に冷却水を送り、被冷却部を冷却している。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、このような水力機械で調相運転を行う場合、ガイドべーン２を全閉にしてランナ３の下方の吸出し管４の上部に、高圧の圧縮空気を供給してランナ３周りの水を吸出し管４に押し下げてからランナ３を空中で回転させているので、水力機械を通しての水流がなくなり、吸出し管４の水は滞留することになる。したがって、この滞留した水を取水して冷却用として使用すると、被冷却部で吸熱した冷却排水が吸出し管４に還流されることになるので、吸出し管４内の水の温度は上昇する。つまり、冷却水自体の温度が上昇するので、冷却能力が低下し、被冷却部を冷却することができなくなり、最悪の場合には許容温度を逸脱して水力機械や発電機等の主機停止に至るおそれがある。
【０００７】
そこで、冷却水循環ライン７を有した水力機械においては、取水部６の温度上昇を避けるために、たとえば水力発電所に複数数台の水力機械がある場合には、冷却水の取水と排水を別々の水力機械で行うこともあった。しかし、複数台の水力機械の全てが同時期に調相運転を行うことがあり、この場合は全ての水力機械の冷却水温度が上昇することになる。又、冷却後の排水を吸出し管４内ではなく水力機械の外部に排水することも考えられるが、そうすると貴重なエネルギー源である水を廃棄することになりエネルギー源の損失となり好ましくない。
【０００８】
このように、吸出し管４内から冷却水を取水して再び吸出し管４内に冷却排水を還流させる冷却水循環ライン７を有する水力機械においては、長時間の調相運転を行うと冷却水の温度が上昇していくので、冷却水を利用する効果がなくなり、被冷却部の温度が上昇するという問題があった。
【０００９】
本発明の目的は、長時間の調相運転を行っても冷却水温度の上昇を防ぎ、安定した連続調相運転が可能な冷却水循環ラインを有した水力機械の運転方法を得ることである。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、水力機械の吸出し管から取水した冷却水を水力機械及び水力機械の近傍に設置された電気機器の被冷却部に供給し被冷却部を冷却した後、吸出し管へ戻すようにした冷却水循環ラインを備えた水力機械の調相運転を行うにあたり、水力機械のランナ室に供給される水量を調節するガイドべーンを全閉にし、水力機械のランナ室に圧縮空気を供給してランナ室の水面を押し下げ、水力機械のランナを空中で回転させる調相運転を行い、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が所定の設定値を越えたときはランナ室の圧縮空気を排気し、ガイドべーンを無負荷開度で開口一定として発電方向運転を行うことを特徴とする。
【００１１】
請求項２の発明は、請求項１における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量は、調相運転開始時点からの運転時間、又は吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度、又は被冷却部の温度としたことを特徴とする。
【００１２】
請求項３の発明は、請求項１における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量のうち、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えたときに、ランナ室の圧縮空気を排気するようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１３】
請求項４の発明は、請求項１における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量のうち、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越え、かつ、圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるときに、ランナ室の圧縮空気を排気するようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１４】
請求項５の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項４における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したと判断されたときは、ランナ室に圧縮空気を供給して再度調相運転を行うようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１５】
請求項６の発明は、請求項５における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したとの判断は、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越えたとき、又は吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したとき、又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したときのいずれかであることを特徴とする。
【００１６】
請求項７の発明は、請求項５における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したとの判断は、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したときに、再度、調相運転を行うようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１７】
【作用】
本発明においては、まず調相運転を行う場合、調相運転時間、冷却水温度、冷却水を供給している部位の被冷却部温度のいずれか、又はそれらの組合せに基づいて、冷却水が異常に上昇したり被冷却部の温度が異常に上昇する以前に、一旦、調相運転から無負荷の発電方向運転に移行する。
【００１８】
これにより、吸出し管内に滞留する排熱を受けた温度の高い水を放水し、貯水池から温度の低い水を供給する。この無負荷の発電方向運転により水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部は、温度上昇していない貯水池からの水により冷却され全体に温度が低下する。
【００１９】
そして、発電方向運転により水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したときは、再度、連続的に発電方向運転から調相運転に移行する。したがって、いわゆる調相運転機能を中断させることなく調相運転を継続できる。
【００２０】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。図１は本発明の第１の実施例を示すフローチャートである。まず、水力機械に発電調相運転の開始指令が出されると、水力機械のランナ室に供給される水量を調節するガイドべーンを全閉にし（Ｓ１）、水力機械のランナ室に圧縮空気を供給してランナ室の水面を押し下げる（Ｓ２）。そして、水力機械のランナを空中で回転させる調相運転を行う（Ｓ３）。この発電調相運転は水力機械に接続された発電機を無負荷で運転し励磁量を変化させることにより、無効電力を調整するものである。この調相運転中においては、冷却水循環ラインは動作しており、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部は吸出し管４に滞留する水により冷却されている状態である。したがって、調相運転により吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度は調相運転の時間にほぼ比例して上昇している状態にある。
【００２１】
そこで、本発明では、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量を監視し、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が、所定の設定値を越えたか否かを判定する（Ｓ４）。被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が所定の設定値を越えていないときは、吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度は被冷却部を冷却するに適切な温度範囲にあると判定し、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続する（Ｓ５）。一方、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が所定の設定値を越えたときは、吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度が上昇したと判断しランナ室の圧縮空気を排気し（Ｓ６）、ガイドべーン２を開いて貯水池からランナ室に水を供給し、ガイドべーン２を無負荷開度で開口一定として発電方向運転を行う（Ｓ７）。
【００２２】
これにより、吸出し管４に滞留した温度上昇した水に入れ替わり、温度の低い水が貯水池からランナ室に供給されることになり、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部へ供給される冷却水は、温度の低い冷却水となる。したがって、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部の冷却は円滑に行われることになる。
【００２３】
また、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量としては、本発明では、調相運転開始時点からの運転時間、又は吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度、又は被冷却部の温度を用いる。図２は、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として、発電調相運転開始からの運転時間を用いた場合のものを示している。まず、発電調相運転指令で水力機械が発電調相運転を始動すると、時限タイマを動作させ、この時限タイマで予め定められた時間が経過すると、発電方向運転指令を出し、ランナ室周りの空気を排気する。そして、入口弁及びガイドべーンを開口してガイドべーンを無負荷開度に制御し発電方向運転を行う。したがって、この発電方向運転においても無負荷で運転されることから調相運転機能を損なうことがない。
【００２４】
ここで、予め定める調相運転時間は、水力機械の大きさ、被冷却部の温度上昇の度合い、許容設計温度などを考慮し、また検証試験の結果などを参照してその水力機械及び電気機器にあった最適な時間を設定することは言うまでもない。
【００２５】
次に、図３は被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として、冷却水温度を用いた場合のものを示している。この場合、冷却水温度は冷却水取水温度を用いている。発電調相運転指令で水力機械が発電調相運転を始動すると、水力機械の吸出し管４から冷却水を取り出している取水部６における冷却水取水温度を測定し、この冷却水取水温度が予め定めた設定温度を越えたときは、発電方向運転の指令を出し、ランナ室周りの空気を排気する。そして、入口弁及びガイドべーンを開口してガイドべーンを無負荷開度に制御し発電方向運転を行う。したがって、この発電方向運転においても無負荷で運転されることから調相運転機能を損なうことがない。
【００２６】
ここで、予め定める冷却水の設定温度は、上述の調相運転時間の設定の場合と同様に、水力機械の大きさ、被冷却部の温度上昇の度合い、許容設計温度などを考慮し、また検証試験の結果などを参照してその水力機械及び電気機器にあった最適な時間を設定することは言うまでもない。
【００２７】
また、図４は被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部の温度、すなわち、軸受部等の冷却水供給部温度を用いた場合のものを示している。この場合も図３で示した冷却水取水温度の場合と同じように、水力機械や電気機器の被冷却部の温度を測定し、この被冷却部の温度が予め定めた設定温度を越えたときは、発電方向運転の指令を出し、ランナ室周りの空気を排気する。そして、入口弁及びガイドべーンを開口してガイドべーンを無負荷開度に制御し発電方向運転を行う。したがって、この発電方向運転においても無負荷で運転されることから調相運転機能を損なうことがない。
【００２８】
ここで、予め定める被冷却部の設定温度は、上述の冷却水取水温度の設定の場合と同様に、水力機械の大きさ、被冷却部の温度上昇の度合い、許容設計温度などを考慮し、また検証試験の結果などを参照してその水力機械及び電気機器にあった最適な時間を設定することは言うまでもない。
【００２９】
このように、第１の実施例によれば、調相運転により吸出し管に滞留する水は廃熱の影響により温度が上昇するが、調相運転時間、冷却水取水温度、被冷却部温度を監視し、これらが所定の設定値を越えたときは調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替え、被冷却部の温度が異常に上昇することを防止するので、安定した調相運転を提供することができる。また、設定時間あるいは設定温度は機器の実情に合わせて最適なものを選定でき、経年変化がおきた場合でもその設定値を調整することで信頼性を維持することができる。
【００３０】
次に、本発明の第２の実施例を説明する。図５は、本発明の第２の実施例を示すフローチャートである。この第２の実施例は、図１に示した第１の実施例における被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量の監視ステップを、監視対象である被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量のうち、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越えているか否かの判定（Ｓ４）、及び吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えたか否かの判定（Ｓ６）としたものである。そして、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えたときに、ランナ室の圧縮空気を排気するようにしている。
【００３１】
すなわち、水力機械に発電調相運転の開始指令が出されると、第１の実施例の場合と同様に、水力機械のランナ室に供給される水量を調節するガイドべーンを全閉にし（Ｓ１）、水力機械のランナ室に圧縮空気を供給してランナ室の水面を押し下げる（Ｓ２）。そして、水力機械のランナを空中で回転させる調相運転を行う（Ｓ３）。
【００３２】
次に、この第２の実施例では、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量の監視は、まず、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量のうち調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越えているか否かを判定する（Ｓ４）。調相運転時間が予め定めた設定時間を越えていないときは、吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度は被冷却部を冷却するに適切な温度範囲にあると判定し、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続する（Ｓ５）。
【００３３】
次に、調相運転時間が予め定めた設定時間を越えているときは、吸出し管４から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えているか否かを判定する（Ｓ６）。そして、吸出し管４から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えていないときは、吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度は被冷却部を冷却するに適切な温度範囲にあると判定し、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続する（Ｓ７）。
【００３４】
一方、吸出し管４から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えているときは、吸出し管４に滞留する水の温度が上昇したと判断しランナ室の圧縮空気を排気し（Ｓ８）、ガイドべーン２を開いて貯水池からランナ室に水を供給し、ガイドべーン２を無負荷開度で開口一定として発電方向運転を行う（Ｓ９）。
【００３５】
このように、この第２の実施例では、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えたときに、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が所定値を逸脱したとして、調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替えるようにしている。
【００３６】
図６は、第２の実施例における運転モードの説明図である。まず、発電調相運転指令により水力機械が発電調相運転を開始すると、時限タイマを動作させる。一方、冷却水取水温度又は被冷却部温度を測定する。そして、調相運転が予め定めた時間継続したこと、及び冷却水取水温度又は被冷却部温度が予め定めた設定温度を越えたことの二組の条件が同時に成立したときに、発電方向運転指令を出し、ランナ室周りの空気を排気する。そして、入口弁及びガイドべーンを開口してガイドべーンを無負荷開度に制御し発電方向運転を行う。
【００３７】
この第２の実施例では、調相運転時間と温度との両者を同時に監視するので、それぞれの単独の測定監視に対して運転制御の信頼性が向上する。すなわち、温度上昇条件が季節あるいは機器の設置条件によって変化する場合でも、運転時間と温度の両者を同時に測定するので、バランスの取れた合理的な運転が可能である。冷却水取水温度は場所によっては夏と冬で２０℃以上も相違することがあり、このような場合は運転時間と温度の両者を測定しておけば季節的なアンバランスを回避できる。
【００３８】
図７に、本発明の第３の実施例のフローチャートを示す。この第３の実施例は、図５に示した第２の実施例における温度判定ステップＳ６の後段に、ランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるか否かの判定ステップ（Ｓ８）を追加して設けたものである。これは、発電方法運転の開始にあたり、発電方向運転終了後に再度ランナ室の水面押し下げて調相運転を行うことができることを確認するためである。空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるとき、つまり、再度ランナ室の水面を押し下げて調相運転が可能であるときに、ランナ室の圧縮空気を排気し発電方向運転に移行する。
【００３９】
この場合、ランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上でないときは警報を出力し（Ｓ９）、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続することになる（Ｓ１０）。また、ランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるときは、ランナ室の圧縮空気を排気し（Ｓ１１）、ガイドべーン２を開いて貯水池からランナ室に水を供給し、ガイドべーン２を無負荷開度で開口一定として発電方向運転を行う（Ｓ１２）。その他の内容は図５に示した第２の実施例と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
【００４０】
図８は、この第３の実施例の運転モードの説明図である。調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替える際に、調相運転時間が予め定められた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が所定の設定値を越えたことの条件に、さらに、ランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であることの条件を追加している。こうすることによって、調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替えた後に、さらに調相運転への円滑な切り替えが可能となる。
【００４１】
図９は、本発明の第４の実施例のフローチャートである。この第４の実施例は、第１の実施例に対し、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したか否かの判断ステップＳ８を追加して設けたものである。そして、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰していないと判断されたときは、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続することになる（Ｓ９）。一方、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したと判断されたときは、ガイドべーンを全閉にし、ランナ室に圧縮空気を供給して再度調相運転を行う。この場合、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したか否かの判断は、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越えたとき、又は吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したとき、又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したときのいずれかの条件を満たしたときとする。
【００４２】
この場合、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度が調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したとき、又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したときの判定を行うに当たっては、予めこれらの温度設定値を定め、これら冷却水取水温度や被冷却部温度がその温度設定値未満になったときに、調相運転開始時の状態に復帰したと判断するようにしても良い。その他の内容は図１に示した第１の実施例と同じであるので、その説明は省略する。
【００４３】
図１０は、この第４の実施例の運転モードの説明図である。発電調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替えた後に、時限タイマを動作させ、発電方向の運転時間が予め定めた時間を越えた場合、発電方向運転中に冷却水取水温度が予め定めた温度設定値より低くなった場合、被冷却部温度が予め定めた温度設定値より低くなった場合のいずれかの場合に、再び、ランナ室周りに圧縮空気を注入して調相運転に移行して調相運転を継続する。この場合、予め定める発電方向の運転時間、冷却取水温度の温度設定値、被冷却部温度の温度設定値は、水力機械の大きさ、温度下降状況、検証試験結果などを参照して、その機器にあった最適な発電方向の運転時間や温度設定値を設定することは言うまでもない。
【００４４】
ここで、この第４の実施例において、図７に示したランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるか否かの判定ステップＳ８を追加して設けても良い。
【００４５】
この第４の実施例によれば、発電方向運転中においては、貯水池から温度の上昇していない水を連続的に水力機械に供給し、この水を冷却水として使用するので、被冷却部温度は低下する。また、水力機械のランナ室やその周りの配管類の温度も貯水池からくる流水が冷却水の役割を果たすので、全体的に温度が低下する。そして、この発電方向運転により、被冷却部温度の関数で示される状態量が調相運展開し時点の状態に復帰したときは、再度、調相運転に戻すので、冷却機能を維持しつつ円滑に調相運転を行うことができる。
【００４６】
次に、図１１に本発明の第５の実施例のフローチャートを示す。この第５の実施例は、図５に示した第２の実施例に対し、被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したとの判断として、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越えているか否かの判断ステップＳ１０、及び吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が前記調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したか否かの判断ステップＳ１２を追加して設けたものである。
【００４７】
発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越えていないときは、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続することになる（Ｓ１１）。一方、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越えたときは、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が、調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したか否かを判定する（Ｓ１２）。冷却水温度又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰していないときは、一定の遅延時間を持って調相運転を継続することになる（Ｓ１３）。
【００４８】
一方、冷却水温度又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰しているときは、ガイドべーン開度を全閉にしランナ室に圧縮空気を供給して、再度、調相運転に移行する。
【００４９】
このように、この第５の実施例は、発電方向運転時間が予め定めた運転時間を越え、かつ、吸出し管から取水した冷却水の温度又は被冷却部の温度が調相運転開始時点の状態に復帰したときに、再度、調相運転を行うようにしたものである。この場合、図７に示したランナ室の水面押し下げ用の圧縮空気を貯蔵している空気タンクの圧力が所定の圧力以上であるか否かの判定ステップＳ８を追加して設けても良い。その他の内容は図５に示した第２の実施例と同じであるので、その説明は省略する。
【００５０】
図１２は、第５の実施例の運転モードの説明図である。発電調相運転から発電方向運転に切り替えた後、時限タイマを動作させると共に、冷却水取水温度又は軸受などの被冷却部の温度を測定する。そして、発電方向運転が予め定めた時間継続したこと、及び冷却水温度又は被冷却部温度が予め定めた温度より低くなったことの二つの条件を同時に満足した場合に、再びランナ室周りに圧縮空気を注入して調相運転を継続させるものである。
【００５１】
この第５の実施例によれば、発電方向運転の時間と冷却水取水温度又は被冷却部温度の両者を、再度の発電調相運転の開始条件としているので、それぞれ単独での判定条件よりも運転制御の信頼性が向上する。すなわち、冷却水温度又は被冷却部の温度降下条件が、季節や機器の設置条件によって変化する場合でも円滑で合理的な運転が可能である。
【００５２】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、発電調相運転中に吸出し管に滞留した水の温度が上昇したときは、無負荷の発電方向運転に切り替えて、一旦、吸出し管に滞留した温度の高い水と排熱の影響を受けていない貯水池の水とを置換させ、水力機械の軸受部のような被冷却部への冷却水を貯水池の温度の低い水で入れ替える。これにより、また、水力機械そのものも貯水池の水が冷却水の役割を果たすことで温度を下げることができ、発電方向運転移行前の調相運転の影響を排除させることができる。
【００５３】
また、この発電方向運転は無負荷状態でかつ無効電力を調整することになるので、いわゆる調相機能を維持できる。したがって、電力系統に対しては、当初の調相運転から途中の発電方向運転も含めて、調相機能を中断させることなく調相運転を連続的に継続させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例を示すフローチャート。
【図２】本発明の被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として調相運転時間を用いた場合の運転モードの説明図。
【図３】本発明の被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として冷却水温度を用いた場合の運転モードの説明図。
【図４】本発明の被冷却部温度の関数で表される状態量として被冷却部温度を用いた場合の運転モードの説明図。
【図５】本発明の第２の実施例を示すフローチャート。
【図６】本発明の第２の実施例の運転モードの説明図。
【図７】本発明の第３の実施例を示すフローチャート。
【図８】本発明の第３の実施例の運転モードの説明図。
【図９】本発明の第４の実施例を示すフローチャート。
【図１０】本発明の第４の実施例の運転モードの説明図。
【図１１】本発明の第５の実施例を示すフローチャート。
【図１２】本発明の第５の実施例の運転モードの説明図。
【図１３】冷却水循環ラインを有した水力機械の説明図。
【符号の説明】
１ケーシング
２ガイドべーン
３ランナ
４吸出し管
５放水路
６取水部
７冷却水循環ライン
８給水ポンプ
９軸受部クーラ
１０排水部[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an operation method of a hydraulic machine having a cooling water circulation line for supplying cooling water from a suction pipe of the hydraulic machine to a cooled portion of the hydraulic machine or the electric device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a hydraulic machine such as a water turbine or a pump turbine of a hydroelectric power plant may be operated in a phase-adjusted manner in order to adjust reactive power of a power system. This phase adjustment operation is performed by injecting compressed air into the runner chamber in which the hydraulic machine is housed, pushing down the water surface, and rotating the hydraulic machine without load.
[0003]
In addition, the hydroelectric power station is provided with a cooling water circulation line for cooling a heat generating portion of the hydraulic machine and electric equipment installed near the hydraulic machine. For example, in order to cool a heat generating portion (hereinafter, referred to as a cooled portion) such as a bearing of a hydraulic machine, a bearing of a generator connected to the hydraulic machine, and a transformer winding, a water intake section is provided to a water suction pipe of the hydraulic machine. A cooling water circulation line is used which takes in water with a water supply pump, supplies the cooling water to a cooled part of a hydraulic machine or electric equipment, and returns used wastewater to a suction pipe of the hydraulic machine again. .
[0004]
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic machine in a hydroelectric power plant having such a cooling water circulation line. FIG. 13 shows a hydraulic machine using a Francis pump-turbine. Water from the reservoir is guided to the casing 1 through a penstock and is supplied to a runner 3 of the hydraulic machine through a guide vane 2 for adjusting the amount of water. The water supplied to the runner 3 rotates the runner 3, and the water that has finished its work is discharged to the water discharge channel 5 through the suction pipe 4.
[0005]
Further, the suction pipe 4 is provided with a cooling water circulation line 7. That is, cooling water is taken from the water intake unit 6 by the water supply pump 8, the cooled part is cooled by the bearing cooler 9 of the hydraulic machine, and the water after cooling is discharged from the water discharge unit 10 provided in the suction pipe 4. It has become so. In this way, the cooling water is sent to the cooled portion of the hydraulic machine or the electric device to cool the cooled portion.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the phase adjustment operation is performed by such a hydraulic machine, the guide vanes 2 are fully closed and high-pressure compressed air is supplied to the upper part of the suction pipe 4 below the runner 3 to supply water around the runner 3. Is pushed down to the suction pipe 4 and then the runner 3 is rotated in the air, so that there is no water flow through the hydraulic machine and the water in the suction pipe 4 stays. Therefore, when the accumulated water is taken out and used for cooling, the cooling water discharged in the cooled part is returned to the suction pipe 4, so that the temperature of the water in the suction pipe 4 rises. In other words, since the temperature of the cooling water itself rises, the cooling capacity decreases, and it becomes impossible to cool the portion to be cooled.In the worst case, the temperature deviates from the allowable temperature and the main engine such as a hydraulic machine or a generator stops. May be reached.
[0007]
Therefore, in a hydraulic machine having the cooling water circulation line 7, in order to avoid a rise in the temperature of the water intake section 6, for example, when there are a plurality of hydraulic machines in a hydroelectric power plant, the intake and drainage of the cooling water are separated. Sometimes it was done with a hydraulic machine. However, all of the plurality of hydraulic machines may perform the phase-shifting operation at the same time, and in this case, the cooling water temperatures of all the hydraulic machines increase. Further, it is conceivable to drain the drained water after cooling to the outside of the hydraulic machine instead of the inside of the suction pipe 4. However, if this is done, water, which is a precious energy source, will be discarded and the energy source will be lost, which is not preferable.
[0008]
As described above, in the hydraulic machine having the cooling water circulation line 7 for taking the cooling water from the suction pipe 4 and returning the cooling water to the suction pipe 4 again, if the phase adjustment operation is performed for a long time, the temperature of the cooling water becomes high. Therefore, there is a problem that the effect of using the cooling water is lost and the temperature of the portion to be cooled rises.
[0009]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a hydraulic machine having a cooling water circulation line capable of preventing a rise in cooling water temperature even when a long-time phase adjustment operation is performed and performing a stable continuous phase adjustment operation.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the cooling water taken from the suction pipe of the hydraulic machine is supplied to the hydraulic machine and a cooled part of the electric equipment installed near the hydraulic machine to cool the cooled part and then return to the suction pipe. In performing the phase adjustment operation of the hydraulic machine equipped with the cooling water circulation line, the guide vane for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine is fully closed, and compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine. Supply the water to lower the water level of the runner chamber, perform a phase adjustment operation to rotate the runner of the hydraulic machine in the air, and when the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, the runner chamber It is characterized in that the compressed air is exhausted, and the guide vanes are operated in the power generation direction while the opening is kept constant with no load.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled portion in the first aspect is the operating time from the start of the phase adjustment operation, the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe, or the temperature of the cooled portion. Characterized by a temperature of
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the state quantity expressed by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled in the first aspect, the phase adjustment operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time and the cooling water taken from the suction pipe is taken out. When the temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled in the first aspect, the phase adjustment operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time and the cooling water taken from the suction pipe is used. Compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted when the temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value and the pressure of an air tank storing compressed air is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure. It is characterized by.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, when it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled in the first to fourth aspects has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, the compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber. And the phase adjustment operation is performed again.
[0015]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the determination that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled in the fifth aspect has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation is based on the fact that the power generation direction operation time is a predetermined operation time Either the temperature has exceeded, or the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, or the temperature of the portion to be cooled has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation. It is characterized by the following.
[0016]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the determination that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled in the fifth aspect has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation is based on the fact that the power generation direction operation time is a predetermined operation time The phase adjustment operation is performed again when the temperature of the cooling water or the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds the temperature of the cooling water or the portion to be cooled, which is taken over from the suction pipe.
[0017]
[Action]
In the present invention, when the phase adjustment operation is performed first, the phase of the phase adjustment operation, the cooling water temperature, the temperature of the portion to be cooled of the portion supplying the cooling water, or a combination thereof, based on the cooling water Before the temperature rises abnormally or the temperature of the part to be cooled abnormally rises, the phase shift operation is temporarily shifted to the no-load operation in the power generation direction.
[0018]
As a result, the high-temperature water that has received the exhaust heat accumulated in the suction pipe is discharged, and the low-temperature water is supplied from the reservoir. Due to this no-load operation in the power generation direction, the portion to be cooled of the hydraulic machine or the electric device is cooled by the water from the reservoir that has not risen in temperature, and the temperature of the whole decreases.
[0019]
Then, when the temperature of the portion to be cooled of the hydraulic machine or the electric device returns to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation by the operation in the power generation direction, the operation is continuously shifted from the power generation direction operation to the phase adjustment operation again. Therefore, the phase adjustment operation can be continued without interrupting the so-called phase adjustment operation function.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of the present invention. First, when a start command of the power generation phase-shift operation is issued to the hydraulic machine, the guide vane for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine is fully closed (S1), and compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine. To lower the water surface of the runner chamber (S2). Then, a phase adjustment operation of rotating the runner of the hydraulic machine in the air is performed (S3). This power generation phase adjustment operation adjusts the reactive power by operating the generator connected to the hydraulic machine with no load and changing the amount of excitation. During this phase adjustment operation, the cooling water circulation line is operating, and the portion to be cooled of the hydraulic machine or the electric device is in a state of being cooled by the water remaining in the suction pipe 4. Therefore, the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 due to the phase adjustment operation is increasing almost in proportion to the time of the phase adjustment operation.
[0021]
Therefore, in the present invention, the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part is monitored, and it is determined whether the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part exceeds a predetermined set value (S4). ). If the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled does not exceed a predetermined set value, it is determined that the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 is in a temperature range suitable for cooling the part to be cooled. Then, the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time (S5). On the other hand, when the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, it is determined that the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 has increased, and the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted (S6). ), The guide vane 2 is opened, water is supplied from the reservoir to the runner chamber, and the guide vane 2 is operated with no load and the opening is constant (S7).
[0022]
As a result, the temperature of the water that has accumulated in the suction pipe 4 is increased, and the water with a low temperature is supplied from the reservoir to the runner chamber. The cooling water supplied to the cooled part of the hydraulic machine or the electric device is: It becomes low temperature cooling water. Therefore, cooling of the cooled portion of the hydraulic machine or the electric device is performed smoothly.
[0023]
In addition, as the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part, in the present invention, the operating time from the start of the phase adjustment operation, the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe, or the temperature of the cooled part is used. . FIG. 2 shows a case in which the operation time from the start of the power generation phase adjustment operation is used as the state quantity expressed as a function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled. First, when the hydraulic machine starts the power generation phase control operation according to the power generation phase control command, the time timer is operated, and when a predetermined time elapses with this time timer, a power generation direction operation command is issued and the air around the runner chamber is released. Exhaust. Then, the inlet valve and the guide vane are opened, and the guide vane is controlled to a no-load opening degree to perform the power generation direction operation. Therefore, even in this power generation direction operation, since the operation is performed with no load, the phase adjustment operation function is not impaired.
[0024]
Here, the predetermined phase adjustment operation time is determined in consideration of the size of the hydraulic machine, the degree of temperature rise of the part to be cooled, the allowable design temperature, etc. Needless to say, to set the optimal time to suit.
[0025]
Next, FIG. 3 shows a case where the cooling water temperature is used as the state quantity expressed as a function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled. In this case, the cooling water temperature uses the cooling water intake temperature. When the hydraulic machine starts the power generation phase control operation in accordance with the power generation phase operation command, the cooling water intake temperature in the water intake section 6 that takes out the cooling water from the suction pipe 4 of the hydraulic machine is measured, and the cooling water intake temperature is determined in advance. When the temperature exceeds the set temperature, a command for the power generation direction operation is issued, and the air around the runner chamber is exhausted. Then, the inlet valve and the guide vane are opened, and the guide vane is controlled to a no-load opening degree to perform the power generation direction operation. Therefore, even in this power generation direction operation, since the operation is performed with no load, the phase adjustment operation function is not impaired.
[0026]
Here, the predetermined temperature of the cooling water is set in consideration of the size of the hydraulic machine, the degree of temperature rise of the part to be cooled, the allowable design temperature, and the like, as in the case of the setting of the phase adjustment operation time described above, and It goes without saying that the optimum time for the hydraulic machine and the electric equipment is set with reference to the results of the verification test and the like.
[0027]
FIG. 4 shows the case where the temperature of a cooled portion of a hydraulic machine or an electric device, that is, the temperature of a cooling water supply portion such as a bearing portion, is used as a state quantity expressed as a function of the cooled portion temperature. ing. In this case, similarly to the case of the cooling water intake temperature shown in FIG. 3, when the temperature of the cooled portion of the hydraulic machine or the electric device is measured, and the temperature of the cooled portion exceeds a predetermined set temperature. Issues a power generation direction operation command and exhausts air around the runner chamber. Then, the inlet valve and the guide vane are opened, and the guide vane is controlled to a no-load opening degree to perform the power generation direction operation. Therefore, even in this power generation direction operation, since the operation is performed with no load, the phase adjustment operation function is not impaired.
[0028]
Here, the predetermined temperature of the portion to be cooled, in the same manner as the setting of the cooling water intake temperature described above, in consideration of the size of the hydraulic machine, the degree of temperature rise of the portion to be cooled, the allowable design temperature, etc. It goes without saying that the optimum time for the hydraulic machine and the electric equipment is set with reference to the results of the verification test and the like.
[0029]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe due to the phase adjustment operation increases due to the waste heat, but the phase adjustment operation time, the cooling water intake temperature, and the temperature of the part to be cooled are reduced. It monitors, and when these exceed a predetermined set value, switches from the phase adjustment operation to the power generation direction operation and prevents the temperature of the cooled part from rising abnormally, so that it is possible to provide a stable phase adjustment operation. it can. In addition, the optimum setting time or setting temperature can be selected according to the actual conditions of the device, and even if the secular change occurs, the reliability can be maintained by adjusting the set value.
[0030]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the step of monitoring the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part to be monitored. Among the state quantities, it is determined whether or not the phase adjustment operation time has exceeded a predetermined operation time (S4), and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled has a predetermined set value. It is determined whether or not it has exceeded (S6). When the phase adjustment operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, the compressed air in the runner chamber is discharged. I try to exhaust.
[0031]
That is, when the start command of the power generation phase control operation is issued to the hydraulic machine, the guide vane for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine is fully closed as in the first embodiment ( S1) Compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine to push down the water surface of the runner chamber (S2). Then, a phase adjustment operation of rotating the runner of the hydraulic machine in the air is performed (S3).
[0032]
Next, in the second embodiment, the monitoring of the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled is performed by first determining the phase adjustment operation time among the state quantities represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled. It is determined whether or not the operation time exceeds the set operation time (S4). When the phase adjustment operation time does not exceed the predetermined time, it is determined that the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 is in a temperature range suitable for cooling the portion to be cooled, and a certain delay time is set. To continue the phase adjustment operation (S5).
[0033]
Next, when the phase adjustment operation time exceeds the predetermined time, it is determined whether the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe 4 or the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value. (S6). When the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe 4 or the temperature of the portion to be cooled does not exceed a predetermined set value, the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 is set to an appropriate temperature for cooling the portion to be cooled. It is determined that it is within the range, and the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time (S7).
[0034]
On the other hand, when the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe 4 or the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, it is determined that the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe 4 has increased, and the compressed air in the runner chamber is determined. Is exhausted (S8), the guide vane 2 is opened, water is supplied from the reservoir to the runner chamber, and the guide vane 2 is operated at the no-load opening and the opening is constant (S9).
[0035]
Thus, in the second embodiment, the phase adjustment operation time exceeds the predetermined operation time, and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the part to be cooled exceeds the predetermined set value. At this time, it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled has deviated from the predetermined value, and the operation is switched from the phase adjustment operation to the power generation direction operation.
[0036]
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation mode in the second embodiment. First, when the hydraulic machine starts the power generation phase adjustment operation according to the power generation phase adjustment operation command, the timed timer is operated. On the other hand, the cooling water intake temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled is measured. Then, when two sets of conditions, that the phase adjustment operation has continued for a predetermined time and that the cooling water intake temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled has exceeded a predetermined set temperature, are simultaneously satisfied, a power generation direction operation command is issued. And exhaust the air around the runner chamber. Then, the inlet valve and the guide vane are opened, and the guide vane is controlled to a no-load opening degree to perform the power generation direction operation.
[0037]
In the second embodiment, since both the phase adjustment operation time and the temperature are monitored at the same time, the reliability of the operation control is improved as compared with the individual measurement and monitoring. That is, even when the temperature rise condition changes depending on the season or the installation condition of the equipment, both the operation time and the temperature are measured simultaneously, so that a balanced and rational operation is possible. The cooling water intake temperature may differ by more than 20 ° C. between summer and winter in some places. In such a case, measuring both the operation time and the temperature can avoid seasonal imbalance.
[0038]
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, after the temperature determination step S6 in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for depressing the water level in the runner chamber is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure. The determination step (S8) for determining whether or not is provided additionally. This is for confirming that the phase adjustment operation can be performed by pushing down the water surface of the runner chamber again after the end of the power generation direction operation when starting the power generation method operation. When the pressure in the air tank is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure, that is, when the water surface of the runner chamber is pushed down again to perform the phase adjustment operation, the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted and the operation shifts to the power generation direction operation.
[0039]
In this case, if the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for pushing down the water surface in the runner chamber is not higher than a predetermined pressure, an alarm is output (S9), and the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time. (S10). When the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for pushing down the water level in the runner chamber is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure, the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted (S11), and the guide vane 2 is opened. Water is supplied from the reservoir to the runner chamber, and the guide vane 2 is operated in the power generation direction while the opening is kept constant with no load (S12). The other contents are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and the description thereof will be omitted.
[0040]
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the operation mode of the third embodiment. When switching from the phase adjustment operation to the power generation direction operation, the phase adjustment operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time, and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value. In addition to the above condition, a condition that the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for lowering the water surface of the runner chamber is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure is further added. This makes it possible to smoothly switch to the phase-shifting operation after switching from the phase-shifting operation to the power generation direction operation.
[0041]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a step S8 for determining whether or not the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the portion to be cooled has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation is added. It is provided. Then, when it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled has not returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation, the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time. (S9). On the other hand, when it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, the guide vane is fully closed, and compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber. Perform phase adjustment operation again. In this case, it is determined whether the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled portion has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation, when the operation time in the power generation direction exceeds the predetermined operation time, or When the temperature of the cooling water taken from the pipe returns to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, or when the temperature of the part to be cooled returns to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, whichever is satisfied .
[0042]
In this case, when determining whether the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation or when the temperature of the cooled portion has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, These temperature set values may be determined in advance, and when the cooling water intake temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled becomes lower than the temperature set values, it may be determined that the state has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation. The other contents are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0043]
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation mode of the fourth embodiment. After switching from the power generation phase control operation to the power generation direction operation, the timed timer is operated, and when the operation time in the power generation direction exceeds a predetermined time, the cooling water intake temperature is set to a predetermined temperature during the power generation direction operation. If the temperature becomes lower or the temperature of the part to be cooled becomes lower than a predetermined temperature set value, the compressed air is injected around the runner chamber again, and the phase shifts to the phase adjustment operation to perform the phase adjustment. Continue driving. In this case, the predetermined operation time in the power generation direction, the temperature setting value of the cooling water intake temperature, and the temperature setting value of the cooled portion temperature are determined by referring to the size of the hydraulic machine, the temperature drop situation, the verification test result, etc. Needless to say, the optimal operation time and temperature set value in the power generation direction are set.
[0044]
Here, in the fourth embodiment, a step S8 for judging whether or not the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for lowering the water surface of the runner chamber shown in FIG. 7 is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure is added. It may be provided.
[0045]
According to the fourth embodiment, during operation in the power generation direction, the water whose temperature has not risen is continuously supplied from the reservoir to the hydraulic machine, and this water is used as cooling water. Drops. In addition, the temperature of the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine and the surrounding pipes also decrease as a result of the flowing water coming from the reservoir serving as cooling water. When the state quantity indicated by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled is returned to the state at the time of the phase-shift operation and development by the operation in the power generation direction, the operation is returned to the phase-shift operation again, so that the cooling function is smoothly maintained and maintained. Phase operation can be performed.
[0046]
Next, FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fifth embodiment is different from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation. Step S10 for determining whether the directional operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time, and whether or not the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation. The determination step S12 is additionally provided.
[0047]
When the power generation direction operation time does not exceed the predetermined operation time, the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time (S11). On the other hand, when the power generation direction operation time exceeds a predetermined operation time, it is determined whether the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled has returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation. (S12). If the cooling water temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled has not returned to the state at the start of the phase adjustment operation, the phase adjustment operation is continued with a certain delay time (S13).
[0048]
On the other hand, when the cooling water temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation, the guide vane opening is fully closed, compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber, and the adjustment is performed again. Transition to phase operation.
[0049]
As described above, in the fifth embodiment, the power generation direction operation time exceeds the predetermined operation time, and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the portion to be cooled is the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation. When the operation returns to the above, the phase adjustment operation is performed again. In this case, a step S8 of judging whether or not the pressure of the air tank storing the compressed air for pushing down the water surface of the runner chamber shown in FIG. 7 is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure may be additionally provided. The other contents are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and the description thereof will be omitted.
[0050]
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the operation mode of the fifth embodiment. After switching from the power generation phase control operation to the power generation direction operation, the timed timer is operated, and the temperature of the cooling water intake or the temperature of the part to be cooled such as a bearing is measured. When the two conditions, that is, the operation in the power generation direction has continued for a predetermined time and the cooling water temperature or the temperature of the part to be cooled has become lower than the predetermined temperature, are simultaneously satisfied, the compression around the runner chamber is performed again. The phase adjustment operation is continued by injecting air.
[0051]
According to the fifth embodiment, since both the time of the power generation direction operation and the temperature of the cooling water intake or the temperature of the portion to be cooled are set as the start conditions of the power generation phase adjustment operation again, each of the conditions is smaller than the determination condition alone. The reliability of operation control is improved. That is, smooth and rational operation is possible even when the cooling water temperature or the temperature drop condition of the portion to be cooled changes depending on the season or the installation conditions of the equipment.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the temperature of the water staying in the suction pipe rises during the power generation phase adjustment operation, the operation is switched to the no-load power generation direction operation, and once the temperature staying in the suction pipe is high. Replace the water with water in the reservoir that is not affected by the exhaust heat, and replace the cooling water to the cooled part, such as the bearing part of the hydraulic machine, with water with a low temperature in the reservoir. Thereby, also in the hydraulic machine itself, the temperature of the water can be lowered by the water in the reservoir serving as the cooling water, and the influence of the phase adjustment operation before shifting to the power generation direction operation can be eliminated.
[0053]
In addition, since the power generation direction operation adjusts the reactive power in a no-load state, the so-called phase adjustment function can be maintained. Therefore, for the power system, the phase adjustment operation can be continuously continued without interrupting the phase adjustment function, including the power generation direction operation on the way from the initial phase adjustment operation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode when a phase adjustment operation time is used as a state quantity expressed by a function of a temperature of a cooled part according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode when the cooling water temperature is used as a state quantity represented by a function of a temperature of a part to be cooled according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode in the case where the temperature of the cooled part is used as the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled part according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a hydraulic machine having a cooling water circulation line.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 casing
2 guide vanes
3 runner
4 Suction tube
5 Spillway
6 Water intake department
7 Cooling water circulation line
8 Water supply pump
9 Bearing cooler
10 Drainage section

Claims

Cooling water taken from a suction pipe of a hydraulic machine is supplied to the hydraulic machine and a cooled portion of an electric device installed near the hydraulic machine to cool the cooled portion and then return to the suction pipe. In a method of operating a hydraulic machine having a water circulation line, a guide vane for adjusting an amount of water supplied to a runner chamber of the hydraulic machine is fully closed, and compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber of the hydraulic machine to supply the runner chamber. The water surface of the hydraulic machine is rotated and the runner of the hydraulic machine is rotated in the air to perform a phase adjustment operation.When the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature to be cooled exceeds a predetermined set value, the compressed air in the runner chamber is compressed. And operating the generator in the power generation direction while keeping the guide vane open at a constant opening with no load.

The state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the cooled portion is an operation time from the start of the phase adjustment operation, a temperature of cooling water taken from the suction pipe, or a temperature of the cooled portion. The method for operating a hydraulic machine according to claim 1.

Of the state quantities represented by the function of the cooled part temperature, the phase adjustment operation time exceeds a predetermined operating time, and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the cooled part is changed. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted when a predetermined set value is exceeded.

Of the state quantities expressed as a function of the temperature of the part to be cooled, the phase adjusting operation time exceeds a predetermined set value, and the temperature of the cooling water taken from the suction pipe or the temperature of the part to be cooled is a predetermined value. The compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted when a set value is exceeded and a pressure of an air tank storing the compressed air is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure. Operating method of the described hydraulic machine.

When it is determined that the state quantity represented by the function of the cooled portion temperature has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation, the compressed air is supplied to the runner chamber to perform the phase adjustment operation again. The method for operating a hydraulic machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:

The determination that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation is performed when the operation time in the power generation direction exceeds a predetermined operation time or when water is taken from the suction pipe. The temperature of the cooling water returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation, or the temperature of the portion to be cooled returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation. The method for operating a hydraulic machine according to item 1.

The determination that the state quantity represented by the function of the temperature of the part to be cooled has returned to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation is based on the fact that the operation time in the power generation direction exceeds a predetermined operation time, and that water is taken from the suction pipe. The hydraulic power according to claim 5, wherein the phase adjustment operation is performed again when the temperature of the cooling water or the temperature of the portion to be cooled returns to the state at the time of the start of the phase adjustment operation. How to operate the machine.