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JP3557578B2 - Exhaust gas treatment method for waste incinerator - Google Patents
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JP3557578B2 - Exhaust gas treatment method for waste incinerator - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment method for waste incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3557578B2
JP3557578B2 JP33380397A JP33380397A JP3557578B2 JP 3557578 B2 JP3557578 B2 JP 3557578B2 JP 33380397 A JP33380397 A JP 33380397A JP 33380397 A JP33380397 A JP 33380397A JP 3557578 B2 JP3557578 B2 JP 3557578B2
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Prior art keywords
ash
bag filter
gas
exhaust gas
ammonium sulfate
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JPH11165043A (en
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信夫 松本
一博 近藤
正義 市来
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Kanadevia Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
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  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は廃棄物焼却炉排ガス中に含まれる無水硫酸(SO)を除去し、同排ガス中に含まれる窒素酸化物(NOx)の除去率を維持する排ガス処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の典型的な廃棄物焼却炉排ガス処理システムのフローシートを図3に示す。このシステムの排ガス処理施設は、主として、焼却炉(1) から煙突(6) へのガス流路に、ガス流れ方向に直列に配された調温塔(2) とバグフィルタ(3) と脱硝反応装置(5) 、およびバグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰を系外へ排出するダストホッパ(4) より構成されている。この施設では、廃棄物は焼却炉(1) で約900℃で焼却処理され、生じた排ガスは調温塔(2) で200℃に冷却された後、バグフィルタ(3) に入り、ここでガスとバグ灰とに分けられる。ガスは脱硝反応装置(5) に入り、ここでNH注入ライン(A) より注入されるNH、尿素等のアンモニア系還元剤によって、脱硝触媒(7) の存在下にガス中のNOxが無害な窒素と水に変換され、処理ガスは煙突(6) から系外に排出される。一方、バグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰はダストホッパ(4) によってこれも系外へ排出される。
【0003】
しかしながら、この排ガス処理方法では、焼却灰の捕集およびNOxの無害化が行われるのみで、排ガスに含まれるSOxの除去については何ら考慮されていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
廃棄物焼却炉排ガス中には微量のSOが含まれており、実際には同排ガス中の水分と結合し硫酸ガスの形態で存在している。これはバグフィルタ(3) では除去されず、脱硝反応装置(5) まで到達する。硫酸ガスが脱硝触媒(7) に吸着すると、触媒活性点が硫酸ガスによって覆われ、その結果脱硝性能が僅かずつ低下していく。
【0005】
本発明は、バグフィルタ(3) 上流部において硫酸ガスとNHとの反応により硫安および/または酸性硫安を生成させ、この微粉をバグフィルタ(3) にて捕集しダストホッパ(4) によって系外へ排出することにより、脱硝性能の低下を防止するとともに、NH 含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすることを目的とするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による廃棄物焼却炉の排ガス処理方法は、ガス流れ方向に直列に配された調温塔(2) とバグフィルタ(3) とバグフィルタ(3) と、バグフィルタ (3) で集塵されたバグ灰を系外へ排出するダストホッパ (4) と、脱硝反応装置 (5) とを具備し、廃棄物焼却炉 (1) からの排ガスが調温塔 (2) で冷却され、調温塔 (2) を通過した排ガス中のSO に対し、バグフィルタ (3) 上流部にてSO 除去用NH 注入ライン (A1) よりNH を注入し、バグフィルタ (3) においてSO は微粉状の硫安および/または酸性硫安に変質され、バグフィルタ (3) でガスとバグ灰とに分けられ、ガスは脱硝反応装置(5) に入り、ここで還元用NH 注入ライン (A2) より注入されるNH 、尿素等のアンモニア系還元剤によって、脱硝触媒 (7) の存在下にガス中のNOxが無害な窒素と水に変換され、バグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰はダストホッパ (4) によって系外へ排出される排ガス処理方法であって、バグフィルタ (3) にてバグ灰と共に除去された硫安および/または酸性硫安に清浄空気を接触させ、バグ灰に吸着したNH をバグ灰から脱離し、バグ灰から脱離されたNH 含有空気を、SO 除去用NH の注入ライン (A1) またはアンモニア系還元剤の注入ライン (A2) へ送り、NH 含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすることを特徴とする方法である。
【0007】
上記アンモニア系還元剤は、NH、尿素等である。
【0008】
上記SO除去用NHの注入量は、その濃度がSO濃度と当量以上、好ましくはその2倍以上になるように定められる。ただし、SO除去用NHの注入量は、その濃度がSO濃度と当量の10倍を越えると、未反応NHが増大し、環境汚染の点で好ましくない。
【0009】
上記SO除去用NHの注入は、好ましくは、調温塔(2) からバグフィルタ(3) までの間で行われる。
【0010】
上記SO除去用NHの注入位置からバグフィルタ(3) までのガス滞留時間は、好ましくは0.1秒以上、より好ましくは1.0秒以上である。ただし、このガス滞留時間が長くなれば、余分な空間が必要となり、装置が大型化するので好ましくない。
【0011】
上記アンモニア系還元剤としてNHを用い、この還元用NHと上記SO除去用NH
の全体をバグフィルタ(3) 上流部にて排ガスに注入することが好ましい。
【0012】
上記バグフィルタ(3) にてバグ灰と共に除去された硫安および/または酸性硫安に清浄空気を接触させ、バグ灰に吸着したSO除去用NHをバグ灰から脱離することが好ましい。
【0013】
こうしてバグ灰から脱離されたNH含有空気を、上述のSO除去用NHの注入ライン(A1)またはアンモニア系還元剤の注入ライン(A2)へ送り、NH含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすることが好ましい。
【0014】
上記SO除去用NHの注入ライン(A1)を好ましくは約180〜250℃程度に加熱し、SO除去用NHの注入口での硫安および/または酸性硫安の析出を防止することが好ましい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
NOxの他に微量のSOが共存した排ガスに対し、250℃以下でNHによる還元脱硝を行うと、脱硝性能は経時的に低下し、その低下速度はSO濃度に支配されることが従来から知られている。この原因は、SOと湿分(HO)、それに脱硝用還元剤であるNHとの反応によって生成する硫安および酸性硫安などが脱硝触媒表面に析出するためと考えられている。
【0016】
しかしながら、発明者等は、
(i) SO、HO、NHの硫安・酸性硫安析出に関する平衡関係から計算した析出限界温度以上の温度で脱硝反応を起こしても、程度の差はあるが、硫酸ガスによる場合と同様の脱硝性能の低下が見られ、
(ii)SO、HOのみを含むガス(NHを含まない)に脱硝触媒を曝しても、250℃以下では顕著な活性低下が認められる
ことから、従来の見解とは異なり、前述の活性低下現象はSO脱硝触媒活性点への吸着に起因することを見いだした。
【0017】
従って、脱硝触媒活性点へのSOの吸着を防止するには、脱硝触媒活性点到達前にSO脱硝触媒に容易には吸着しない化合物に変質させ、脱硝触媒細孔内を拡散しにくい形態にしておくことが必要である。
【0018】
そこで、本発明者等は、SOを気相で脱硝触媒床到達前にNHと反応させ硫安および/または酸性硫安に変質させれば、上記目的を達成できることを見いだした。
【0019】
本発明による廃棄物焼却炉排ガス処理システムのフローシートを図1に示す。このシステムの排ガス処理施設は、主として、焼却炉(1) から煙突(6) へのガス流路に、ガス流れ方向に直列に配された調温塔(2) とバグフィルタ(3) と脱硝反応装置(5) 、およびバグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰を系外へ排出するダストホッパ(4) より構成されている。
【0020】
廃棄物は焼却炉(1) で約900℃で焼却処理され、生じた排ガスは調温塔(2) で200℃に冷却された後、バグフィルタ(3) に入り、ここでガスとバグ灰とに分けられる。ガスは脱硝反応装置(5) に入り、ここで還元用NH注入ライン(A2)より注入されるNH、尿素等のアンモニア系還元剤によって、脱硝触媒(7) の存在下にガス中のNOxが無害な窒素と水に変換され、処理ガスは煙突(6) から系外に排出される。一方、バグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰はダストホッパ(4) によって系外へ排出される。
【0021】
この排ガス処理システムにおいて、調温塔(2) を通過した排ガス中のSOに対し、バグフィルタ(3) 上流部にてSO除去用NH注入ライン(A1)よりNHを注入する。
【0022】
この結果、次の反応(1)(2)が起こり、
SO+HO+2NH → (NHSO …(1)
SO+HO+NH → (NH)HSO …(2)
SOは微粉状の硫安および/または酸性硫安に変質され、これらがバグフィルタ(3) にて捕集され、ダストホッパ(4) にて系外へ排出される。その結果、脱硝触媒(7) への硫酸ガスの吸着が防止でき、脱硝性能の維持が達成される。この場合、SO除去用NHの注入量はSOと当量以上にすることが好ましい。SO除去用NHの注入量がSOと当量未満であると、SOに対してSO除去用NHが不足になるため、SOが完全には除去されず脱硝性能の低下を招く恐れがある。SO除去用NH注入量はSOの当量の2倍以上であることがより好ましい。
【0023】
NHは水によって容易に吸収され除去されてしまうので、SO除去用NHの注入は調温塔(2) からバグフィルタ(3) までの間で行うのが効率的である。
【0024】
ここで、SOを、脱硝触媒に容易には吸着しない化合物に変質させ、脱硝触媒細孔内を拡散しにくい形態とするためには、SOを酸性硫安より硫安に変質させることが好ましく、式(1) の反応を完結させ、気相中のSOを極力低減させるには、
(1) SO除去用NHの注入を低温で行うこと、
(2) SOと注入されたNHとの混合状態を、反応が完結するに十分な時間保持すること、
(3) NH濃度が極力高くなるようにSO除去用NHを注入すること
が好ましい。
【0025】
こうしたことから、SO除去用NHの注入口からバグフィルタ(3) までのガス滞留時間は0.1秒以上であることが好ましい。滞留時間が0.1秒以下であると、反応が完結しないため、硫酸ミストまたは蒸気が完全には除去されず、脱硝性能の低下を招く嫌いがある。
【0026】
また、NHは後流の脱硝反応装置(5) で還元剤として要求される量と、SOとのSO除去反応に必要な量との総量をバグフィルタ(3) 上流部にてSO除去用NHの注入ライン(A1)より注入することがより好ましい。その場合、一般的にはNH濃度は50ppm以上となり、一部がバグ灰に吸着され系外に排出される可能性がある。すなわち、バグ灰に吸着したNHがその後バグ灰から脱離し、NHの刺激臭を発する恐れがある。従って、バグ灰を排出する前にこれをダストホッパ(4) 内で少量の清浄空気と接触させ、吸着NHを除去しておく。このNH成分を含んだ空気は、SO除去用NHの注入ライン(A1)または還元用NHの注入ライン(A2)へ送り、NH含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすると共にこれを有効に利用する。
さらに、NH注入ライン(A1)の注入口において、硫安および/または酸性硫安の析出を防止するために、注入ライン(A1)は排ガス温度と同程度の約200℃程度に加熱しておくことが好ましい。
【0027】
このように、バグフィルタ(3) 上流部にてNH注入を行うことで、排ガス中のSOは硫安および/または酸性硫安に変質され、バグフィルタ(3) によってこれらの微粉が捕集され、後流の脱硝触媒の性能維持が図られる。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下にその実施例を示す。
【0029】
実施例1
1)脱硝触媒調製
セラミック繊維で構成されるセラミックペーパー(0.25mm厚さ)に、硝酸塩加水分解法で得られたチタニアコロイド溶液(固形分32重量%)を含浸担持し、110℃で乾燥した後400℃で3時間焼成して、アナターゼ型チタニアを90g/m保持した板状担体を得た。
【0030】
この板状担体を、メタバナジン酸アンモン飽和水溶液に常温で浸漬し、200℃で30分乾燥した。この操作をもう一度繰り返した後、400℃で1時間焼成を行い、バナジウム担持チタニア板状触媒を得た。
【0031】
2)SOの除去と脱硝性能
図1において、脱硝触媒(7) を、触媒床での面積速度AV=21Nm/hとなるように、脱硝反応装置(5) に充填した。ここで、面積速度AVは触媒の幾何表面積あたりの排ガス量を示す。また、触媒床上での排ガス温度170℃、排ガス中の成分濃度:SO10ppm、O15%、HO10%、NOx80ppm、SO除去用NH注入口におけるNH/SO=5.0、還元用NH注入口におけるNH/NOx=1.25となるように、それぞれNHを注入し、ガス処理を行った。このときの脱硝率の経時変化を図2に示す。
【0032】
なお、NH の一部がバグ灰に吸着され系外に排出される可能性がある。すなわち、バグ灰に吸着したNH がその後バグ灰から脱離し、NH の刺激臭を発する恐れがある。従って、図1に示すように、バグ灰を排出する前にこれをダストホッパ (4) 内で少量の清浄空気と接触させ、吸着NH を除去しておく。このNH 成分を含んだ空気は、SO 除去用NH の注入ライン (A1) または還元用NH の注入ライン (A2) へ送り、NH 含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすると共にこれを有効に利用する。
比較例1(本書冒頭に述べた従来技術に合致する)
SO除去用NHの注入を行わなかった点を除いて、実施例1と同じ操作を行った。この結果も図2に併記する。
【0033】
実施例1と比較例1の対比で分かるように、本発明に基いたSO除去用NHの注入を行うことにより、一例として脱硝率が0.65を割るまでの運転時間が、従来技術の2倍(80時間)に伸び、脱硝性能の維持時間が長くなった。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法によれば、バグフィルタ(3) 上流部において硫酸ガスとNHとの反応により硫安および/または酸性硫安を生成させ、この微粉をバグフィルタ(3) にて捕集しダストホッパ(4) によって系外へ排出することにより、脱硝性能の低下を防止することができる。
【0035】
この場合、NH の一部がバグ灰に吸着され系外に排出される可能性がある。すなわち、バグ灰に吸着したNH がその後バグ灰から脱離し、NH の刺激臭を発する恐れがある。従って、バグ灰を排出する前にこれをダストホッパ (4) 内で少量の清浄空気と接触させ、吸着NH を除去しておく。このNH 成分を含んだ空気は、SO 除去用NH の注入ライン (A1) または還元用NH の注入ライン (A2) へ送り、NH 含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすると共にこれを有効に利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による廃棄物焼却炉の排ガス処理方法を示すフローシートである。
【図2】本発明による廃棄物焼却炉の排ガス処理方法の脱硝触媒性能試験結果を示す運転時間と脱硝率の関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】従来の廃棄物焼却炉排ガス処理システムを示すフローシートである。
【符号の説明】
1:焼却炉
2:調温塔
3:バグフィルタ
4:ダストホッパ
5:脱硝反応装置
6:煙突
7:脱硝触媒
A1:SO除去用NH注入ライン
A2:還元用NH注入ライン
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment method for removing sulfuric anhydride (SO 3 ) contained in exhaust gas from a waste incinerator and maintaining a removal rate of nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 3 shows a flow sheet of a conventional typical waste incinerator exhaust gas treatment system. The exhaust gas treatment facility of this system mainly consists of a temperature control tower (2), a bag filter (3), and a denitrification filter arranged in series in the gas flow path from the incinerator (1) to the chimney (6). It comprises a reactor (5) and a dust hopper (4) for discharging bag ash collected by the bag filter (3) to the outside of the system. In this facility, waste is incinerated at about 900 ° C in an incinerator (1), and the resulting exhaust gas is cooled to 200 ° C in a temperature control tower (2) and then enters a bag filter (3) where it is cooled. It is divided into gas and bag ash. The gas enters the denitration reactor (5), where the NOx in the gas is reduced by the ammonia-based reducing agent such as NH 3 or urea injected from the NH 3 injection line (A) in the presence of the denitration catalyst (7). It is converted to harmless nitrogen and water, and the treated gas is discharged out of the system through the chimney (6). On the other hand, the bag ash collected by the bag filter (3) is also discharged out of the system by the dust hopper (4).
[0003]
However, in this exhaust gas treatment method, only incineration ash is collected and NOx is made harmless, and no consideration is given to the removal of SOx contained in the exhaust gas.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A small amount of SO 3 is contained in the waste incinerator exhaust gas, and is actually combined with the water in the exhaust gas and exists in the form of sulfuric acid gas. This is not removed by the bag filter (3) but reaches the denitration reactor (5). When the sulfuric acid gas is adsorbed on the denitration catalyst (7), the catalytically active sites are covered with the sulfuric acid gas, and as a result, the denitration performance gradually decreases.
[0005]
The present invention provides a bag filter (3) upstream unit to generate ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate by reaction with sulfuric acid gas and NH 3, the system by Dasutohoppa (4) collecting the fine powder by a bag filter (3) An object of the present invention is to prevent the deterioration of the denitration performance and prevent the NH 3 -containing air from being discharged outside the system by discharging the air outside .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Exhaust gas treatment method of the waste incinerator according to the present invention, the current series arranged a temperature control tower gas flow direction and (2) and bag filter (3), and the bag filter (3), by a bag filter (3) Equipped with a dust hopper (4) for discharging dusted bag ash out of the system and a denitration reactor (5), and the exhaust gas from the waste incinerator (1 ) is cooled by the temperature control tower (2) , to SO 3 in the exhaust gas passing through the cooling tower (2), bag filter (3) upstream of the NH 3 is injected from NH for SO 3 removal 3 injection line (A1) at, SO in the bag filter (3) 3 is converted into fine powder ammonium sulfate and / or acid ammonium sulfate, separated into gas and bag ash by a bag filter (3) , and the gas enters a denitration reactor (5) where an NH 3 injection line for reduction ( NOx in the gas is harmless nitrogen and water in the presence of the denitration catalyst (7) by the ammonia-based reducing agent such as NH 3 and urea injected from A2). Is converted to bug ash is dust collection by a bag filter (3) is a gas processing method that is discharged out of the system by Dasutohoppa (4), ammonium sulfate and were removed with the bug ash by a bag filter (3) And / or contacting clean air with acidic ammonium sulfate to desorb NH 3 adsorbed on the bag ash from the bag ash, and feed the NH 3 -containing air desorbed from the bag ash into an NH 3 injection line (A1) for SO 3 removal. Alternatively , the method is characterized in that NH 3 -containing air is sent to an ammonia-based reducing agent injection line (A2) so as not to be discharged out of the system .
[0007]
The ammonia-based reducing agent is, for example, NH 3 or urea.
[0008]
The injection amount of the NH 3 for SO 3 removal is determined so that the concentration is equal to or higher than the SO 3 concentration, and preferably twice or higher. However, when the injection amount of NH 3 for removing SO 3 exceeds 10 times the equivalent of the SO 3 concentration, unreacted NH 3 increases, which is not preferable in terms of environmental pollution.
[0009]
The above-mentioned injection of NH 3 for removing SO 3 is preferably performed between the temperature control tower (2) and the bag filter (3).
[0010]
The gas residence time from the injection position of the SO 3 removal NH 3 to the bag filter (3) is preferably 0.1 second or more, more preferably 1.0 second or more. However, if the gas residence time is long, an extra space is required, and the size of the apparatus is undesirably increased.
[0011]
The NH 3 is used as the ammonia-based reductant, the reducing for NH 3 and the SO 3 removing NH 3
Is preferably injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the bag filter (3).
[0012]
It is preferable that clean air is brought into contact with the ammonium sulfate and / or acid ammonium sulfate removed together with the bag ash by the bag filter (3), and NH 3 for SO 3 removal adsorbed on the bag ash is desorbed from the bag ash.
[0013]
The NH 3 -containing air thus desorbed from the bag ash is sent to the above-described NH 3 injection line (A1) for SO 3 removal or the ammonia-based reducing agent injection line (A2), and the NH 3 -containing air is discharged outside the system. It is preferable not to discharge.
[0014]
The NH 3 injection line (A1) for removing SO 3 is preferably heated to about 180 to 250 ° C. to prevent precipitation of ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium acid sulfate at the injection port of NH 3 for removing SO 3. preferable.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
When reducing denitration with NH 3 at 250 ° C. or lower is performed on exhaust gas in which a small amount of SO 3 coexists in addition to NOx, the denitration performance decreases with time, and the rate of the decrease may depend on the SO 3 concentration. Conventionally known. It is believed that this is because SO 3 and moisture (H 2 O), and ammonium sulfate and acidic ammonium sulfate generated by the reaction of NH 3 , which is a reducing agent for denitration, are deposited on the surface of the denitration catalyst.
[0016]
However, the inventors,
(i) Even if a denitration reaction occurs at a temperature higher than the deposition limit temperature calculated from the equilibrium relationship between ammonium sulfate and acidic ammonium sulfate of SO 3 , H 2 O, and NH 3 , there is a difference in the degree of the denitration reaction. A similar decrease in denitration performance is seen,
(ii) Even when the denitration catalyst is exposed to a gas containing only SO 3 and H 2 O (excluding NH 3 ), a remarkable decrease in the activity is observed at 250 ° C. or less, which is different from the conventional view. Was found to be caused by the adsorption of SO 3 to the active site of the denitration catalyst.
[0017]
Therefore, to prevent adsorption of SO 3 to the denitration catalyst active sites, the SO 3 before denitration catalyst active sites reach easily the denitration catalyst is deteriorated to a compound which does not adsorb, hardly diffused in the denitration catalyst pores It is necessary to keep it in a form.
[0018]
The present inventors have, if is transformed into ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate is reacted with NH 3 before denitration catalyst bed reached the SO 3 in the gas phase, found that the object can be achieved.
[0019]
FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of a waste incinerator exhaust gas treatment system according to the present invention. The exhaust gas treatment facility of this system mainly consists of a temperature control tower (2), a bag filter (3), and a denitrification filter arranged in series in the gas flow path from the incinerator (1) to the chimney (6). It comprises a reactor (5) and a dust hopper (4) for discharging bag ash collected by the bag filter (3) to the outside of the system.
[0020]
The waste is incinerated at about 900 ° C in an incinerator (1), and the resulting exhaust gas is cooled to 200 ° C in a temperature control tower (2) and then enters a bag filter (3) where the gas and bag ash And divided into The gas enters the denitration reaction device (5), where it is subjected to an ammonia-based reducing agent such as NH 3 or urea injected from a reducing NH 3 injection line (A2) to remove the gas contained in the gas in the presence of the denitration catalyst (7). NOx is converted into harmless nitrogen and water, and the processing gas is discharged out of the system from the chimney (6). On the other hand, bag ash collected by the bag filter (3) is discharged out of the system by the dust hopper (4).
[0021]
In the exhaust gas treatment system, adjustment to cooling tower (2) SO 3 in the exhaust gas which has passed through a bag filter (3) injecting NH 3 from NH for SO 3 removal 3 injection line (A1) in the upstream portion.
[0022]
As a result, the following reactions (1) and (2) occur,
SO 3 + H 2 O + 2NH 3 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (1)
SO 3 + H 2 O + NH 3 → (NH 4 ) HSO 4 (2)
SO 3 is transformed into finely powdered ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate, which are collected by a bag filter (3) and discharged out of the system by a dust hopper (4). As a result, adsorption of sulfuric acid gas to the denitration catalyst (7) can be prevented, and the denitration performance can be maintained. In this case, the injection amount of NH 3 for SO 3 removal is preferably equal to or more than SO 3 . The injection amount of the SO 3 removing NH 3 is less than equivalent and SO 3, for SO 3 removal NH 3 with respect to SO 3 is insufficient, the decrease in the NOx removal performance without being completely removed is SO 3 There is a risk of inviting. The injection amount of NH 3 for removing SO 3 is more preferably at least twice the equivalent of SO 3 .
[0023]
NH 3 so would be removed is readily absorbed by the water, the injection of SO 3 removal NH 3 is carried out between from tempering column (2) to the bag filter (3) is efficient.
[0024]
Here, the SO 3, the easily denitration catalyst is deteriorated to a compound which is not adsorbed, to the diffusion hardly form inside the denitration catalyst pores, it is preferred to alter the SO 3 in the ammonium sulfate from the acidic ammonium sulfate, In order to complete the reaction of the formula (1) and reduce SO 3 in the gas phase as much as possible,
(1) Injecting NH 3 for removing SO 3 at a low temperature;
(2) maintaining a mixed state of SO 3 and the injected NH 3 for a time sufficient for the reaction to be completed;
(3) It is preferable to inject NH 3 for SO 3 removal so that the NH 3 concentration is as high as possible.
[0025]
For this reason, it is preferable that the gas residence time from the inlet of NH 3 for removing SO 3 to the bag filter (3) be 0.1 second or more. If the residence time is less than 0.1 second, the reaction is not completed, so that the sulfuric acid mist or vapor is not completely removed, and there is a tendency to lower the denitration performance.
[0026]
Further, the total amount of NH 3 required as a reducing agent in the downstream denitration reactor (5) and the amount required for the SO 3 removal reaction with SO 3 is determined in the upstream of the bag filter (3). it is more preferable to inject from 3 injection of removing NH 3 line (A1). In that case, the NH 3 concentration generally becomes 50 ppm or more, and there is a possibility that a part of the NH 3 concentration is adsorbed by the bag ash and discharged out of the system. That is, the NH 3 adsorbed on the bag ash may subsequently be desorbed from the bag ash and emit a stimulating odor of NH 3 . Therefore, it is contacted with a small amount of clean air within Dasutohoppa (4) before discharging bugs ash, Contact Ku to remove adsorbed NH 3. The air containing the NH 3 component is sent to an injection line (A1) of NH 3 for removing SO 3 or an injection line (A2) of NH 3 for reduction so that the NH 3 -containing air is not discharged out of the system. It effectively uses it.
Further, in order to prevent precipitation of ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium ammonium sulfate at the injection port of the NH 3 injection line (A1), the injection line (A1) should be heated to about 200 ° C., which is about the same as the exhaust gas temperature. Is preferred.
[0027]
Thus, by injecting NH 3 upstream of the bag filter (3), SO 3 in the exhaust gas is transformed into ammonium sulfate and / or acid ammonium sulfate, and these fine powders are collected by the bag filter (3). In addition, the performance of the downstream denitration catalyst is maintained.
[0028]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An example will be described below.
[0029]
Example 1
1) Preparation of denitration catalyst A ceramic paper (0.25 mm thick) composed of ceramic fibers was impregnated with a titania colloid solution (solid content: 32% by weight) obtained by a nitrate hydrolysis method, and dried at 110 ° C. Thereafter, it was calcined at 400 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a plate-like carrier holding anatase-type titania at 90 g / m 2 .
[0030]
This plate-shaped support was immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate at room temperature and dried at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes. After this operation was repeated once, calcining was performed at 400 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a vanadium-supported titania plate catalyst.
[0031]
2) Removal of SO 3 and denitration performance In FIG. 1, the denitration catalyst (7) was charged into the denitration reaction apparatus (5) so that the area velocity AV in the catalyst bed was 21 Nm / h. Here, the area velocity AV indicates the amount of exhaust gas per geometric surface area of the catalyst. Further, the exhaust gas temperature on the catalyst bed was 170 ° C., the component concentration in the exhaust gas: SO 3 10 ppm, O 2 15%, H 2 O 10%, NOx 80 ppm, NH 3 / SO 3 = 5 at the NH 3 inlet for SO 3 removal. 0, so that NH 3 /NOx=1.25 in the reduction for NH 3 inlet, respectively injected with NH 3, was subjected to exhaust gas treatment. FIG. 2 shows the change over time in the denitration rate at this time.
[0032]
Note that a part of NH 3 may be adsorbed by the bag ash and discharged out of the system. That is, the NH 3 adsorbed on the bag ash may subsequently be desorbed from the bag ash and emit a stimulating odor of NH 3 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, before discharging the bag ash, the bag ash is brought into contact with a small amount of clean air in the dust hopper (4) to remove the adsorbed NH 3 . The air containing the NH 3 component is sent to an injection line (A1) of NH 3 for removing SO 3 or an injection line (A2) of NH 3 for reduction so that the NH 3 -containing air is not discharged out of the system. Use this effectively.
Comparative Example 1 (consistent with the prior art described at the beginning of this document)
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that injection of NH 3 for removing SO 3 was not performed. This result is also shown in FIG.
[0033]
As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the injection time of SO 3 removal NH 3 based on the present invention makes the operation time until the denitration rate falls below 0.65 as an example. (80 hours), and the maintenance time of the denitration performance was prolonged.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, the bag filter (3) upstream unit to generate ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate by reaction with sulfuric acid gas and NH 3, and collecting the fine powder by a bag filter (3) Dasutohoppa (4 ), It is possible to prevent a decrease in the denitration performance by discharging the gas out of the system.
[0035]
In this case , a part of NH 3 may be adsorbed by the bag ash and discharged out of the system. That is, the NH 3 adsorbed on the bag ash may subsequently be desorbed from the bag ash, causing a stimulating odor of NH 3 . Therefore, before discharging the bag ash , it is brought into contact with a small amount of clean air in the dust hopper (4) to remove the adsorbed NH 3 . The air containing the NH 3 component is sent to an injection line (A1) of NH 3 for removing SO 3 or an injection line (A2) of NH 3 for reduction to prevent the NH 3 -containing air from being discharged out of the system. This can be used effectively.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an exhaust gas treatment method for a waste incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between an operation time and a denitration rate showing a result of a denitration catalyst performance test of an exhaust gas treatment method for a waste incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing a conventional waste incinerator exhaust gas treatment system.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: incinerator 2: temperature control tower 3: bag filter 4: dust hopper 5: denitrification reactor 6: chimney 7: denitration catalyst A1: NH 3 injection line for SO 3 removal A2: NH 3 injection line for reduction

Claims (1)

ガス流れ方向に直列に配された調温塔(2) とバグフィルタ(3) と、バグフィルタ (3) で集塵されたバグ灰を系外へ排出するダストホッパ (4) と、脱硝反応装置 (5) とを具備し、廃棄物焼却炉 (1) からの排ガスが調温塔 (2) で冷却され、調温塔 (2) を通過した排ガス中のSO に対し、バグフィルタ (3) 上流部にてSO 除去用NH 注入ライン (A1) よりNH を注入し、バグフィルタ (3) においてSO は微粉状の硫安および/または酸性硫安に変質され、バグフィルタ (3) でガスとバグ灰とに分けられ、ガスは脱硝反応装置(5) に入り、ここで還元用NH 注入ライン (A2) より注入されるNH 、尿素等のアンモニア系還元剤によって、脱硝触媒 (7) の存在下にガス中のNOxが無害な窒素と水に変換され、バグフィルタ(3) で集塵されたバグ灰はダストホッパ (4) によって系外へ排出される排ガス処理方法であって、バグフィルタ (3) にてバグ灰と共に除去された硫安および/または酸性硫安に清浄空気を接触させ、バグ灰に吸着したNH をバグ灰から脱離し、バグ灰から脱離されたNH 含有空気を、SO 除去用NH の注入ライン (A1) またはアンモニア系還元剤の注入ライン (A2) へ送り、NH 含有空気が系外に排出しないようにすることを特徴とする、廃棄物焼却炉の排ガス処理方法。Gas flow direction regulating arranged in series cooling tower (2), a bag filter (3), and Dasutohoppa (4) for discharging the bugs ash is dust collection by a bag filter (3) out of the system, the denitration reaction comprising a device (5), relative to the waste incinerator (1) is cooled by the exhaust gas temperature control tower (2) from, tempering column (2) SO 3 in the exhaust gas which has passed through a bag filter ( 3) injecting SO 3 removing NH 3 injection NH 3 from line (A1) at an upstream portion, SO 3 in the bag filter (3) is transformed into finely divided ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate, a bag filter (3 ) , The gas is divided into gas and bag ash, and the gas enters a denitration reaction device (5) , where it is denitrated by an ammonia-based reducing agent such as NH 3 or urea injected from a reducing NH 3 injection line (A2). catalyst NOx in the gas in the presence of (7) is converted into harmless nitrogen and water, bugs ash is dust collection by a bag filter (3) is Dasutohoppa (4) Thus a flue gas treatment method that is discharged out of the system, brought into contact with clean air by a bag filter (3) to ammonium sulfate and / or acidic ammonium sulfate, which is removed with the bug ash, bugs ash the NH 3 adsorbed in the bug ash The NH 3 -containing air desorbed from the bag ash is sent to an injection line (A1) of NH 3 for SO 3 removal or an injection line (A2) of an ammonia-based reducing agent , and the NH 3 -containing air is out of the system. A method for treating exhaust gas from a waste incinerator, characterized in that the waste gas is not discharged to a waste incinerator .
JP33380397A 1997-12-04 1997-12-04 Exhaust gas treatment method for waste incinerator Expired - Fee Related JP3557578B2 (en)

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