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JP3560583B2 - Billi gravel crushing method and device - Google Patents
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JP3560583B2 - Billi gravel crushing method and device - Google Patents

Billi gravel crushing method and device Download PDF

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JP3560583B2
JP3560583B2 JP2001361968A JP2001361968A JP3560583B2 JP 3560583 B2 JP3560583 B2 JP 3560583B2 JP 2001361968 A JP2001361968 A JP 2001361968A JP 2001361968 A JP2001361968 A JP 2001361968A JP 3560583 B2 JP3560583 B2 JP 3560583B2
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crushing
gravel
plates
damper
water
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JP2003159537A (en
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幸典 藤本
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、庭の敷石等にしか利用できなっかたビリ砂利(粒度5mm〜10mmの砂利)を破砕して砂(粒度5mm以下)にできるビリ砂利破砕方法およびその装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、土木建築用コンクリートに使用する骨材(砂、砂利)は、河川、山、海等から採取し、河川の砂利、砂が主に使用されていたが、昭和40年頃から河川の砂利の採取規制が始まり、その後も次第に河川の砂利の採取規制が厳しくなり、現在では河川の砂利の採取が禁止になっている。
【0003】
一方、建設業界においては、砂、砂利の需要が益々増大し、その結果、河川砂利以外の砂利、砂の供給源は河川周辺の農地、山、海等の砂利、砂が採取され、さらに山の砕石等が採取され始めている。
【0004】
ここで、砂利および砂は、砂利プラント工場において、砂利の原石を水で洗浄した後、篩分け、粒度5mm以下を砂、粒度5mm〜10mmをビリ砂利、粒度10mm〜25mmを砂利、その他に分類されている。
【0005】
この内、土木建築用コンクリートの骨材として使用されるのは、粒度5mm以下の砂と粒度10mm〜25mmの砂利である。
【0006】
従って、多くの砂利プラント工場においては、粒度5mm〜10mmのビリ砂利は使用されることなく、大量に山積みされたまま放置されている。
【0007】
このビリ砂利を破砕して砂とする方法および装置を、本願出願人は平成5年から鋭意研究開発を続け、特許第2568473号、特許第2876567号、特許第2986793号、特願2001−180940の発明をしている。
【0008】
特許第2568473号、第2876567号、特許第2986793号はいずれも、山と谷とからなる断面凹凸状の歯を多数刻設させた一対の歯板の歯の山と谷とを噛合させ、両方あるいは一方の歯板を振動させ、両歯板の押圧力、歯板の振動による衝撃力により、ビリ砂利を破砕する方法および装置である。
【0009】
この特許第2568473号、特許第2876567号は、大気中でビリ砂利破砕を行うため、大気中でのビリ砂利の落下速度は毎秒約490cmと速く、両歯板の開放時に未破砕のまま下方に落下する量が約50%あり、ビリ砂利が未破砕のまま落下する欠点があった。
【0010】
さらに、破砕が大気中で行われていたため、両歯板の歯部分にビリ砂利が圧着、目詰まりし、この目詰まりした砂利、砂の除去作業を強いられ、また破砕時に粉塵が発生し、この粉塵により作業者に害を与えるばかりでなく、風の強い日には近隣の居住者へも悪影響を及ぼす欠点があった。
【0011】
この欠点を解消するための特許第2986793号は、両歯板の破砕部を水中に位置させ、水中でビリ砂利を破砕するものである。
【0012】
この特許第2986793号は、水中でビリ砂利破砕を行うため、両歯板の歯部分の目詰まりおよび粉塵等の弊害は解消されたが、ビリ砂利の落下速度は大気中での落下速度に対して毎秒240cmと遅くなったものの、依然として両歯板開放時に未破砕のまま下方に落下する量(破砕ロス)が多く、また破砕部を水中に位置させるため、装置の他の部分まで浸水させる都合上、装置が大型化すると共に、水により腐蝕する(サビる)欠点があった。
【0013】
この欠点を解消するための特願2001−180940は、両歯板の破砕部を水中に位置させるのではなく、両歯板の破砕部下部に開閉自在に配したダンパーにより破砕部を閉塞させ、貯留部を形成し、またダンパーは水中では開閉運動が行えないため、貯留部にビリ砂利を水と共に投入し、両歯板の破砕部(貯留部)のみを水中にして破砕するものである。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本願出願人が先に発明した特願2001−180940においても、依然として破砕された砂の中に中割り、あるいは未破砕のビリ砂利が含まれていた。
【0015】
これは、ビリ砂利は空隙率が約40%と空隙が少なく、破砕すると表面積、容積が増大するため、両歯板の破砕部間にビリ砂利が充満し、空気による空隙がなくなり、それ以上の破砕ができなくなる、換言すれば両歯板の破砕部間で破砕されているビリ砂利に空隙がなくなることにより、高密度化し、その中心部の多量のビリ砂利は中割り、あるいは未破砕のまま下方に落下することに起因するものであった。
【0016】
本発明は、この欠点を解消するために、中割り、あるいは未破砕(破砕ロス)を皆無とし、破砕効率を飛躍的に向上させることを目的とし、本願出願人が新たに研究開発したものである。
【0017】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、一対の破砕板を立設させ、両破砕板の下部を破砕部とし、この破砕部の下部にダンパーを開閉自在に配し、一方の破砕板を振動手段を介して振動させ、他方の破砕板を揺動させ、両破砕板の破砕部開放時にダンパーを閉塞させ、このダンパーおよび破砕部により貯留部を形成し、両破砕板間へ、上方からビリ砂利を、水、ビリ砂利と対応する大きさの、発泡樹脂からなる空隙形成材と共に供給し、貯留部に水を貯留させ、かつ空隙形成材により空隙を形成させた状態でビリ砂利を、両破砕板の押圧力、一方の破砕板の振動による衝撃力により破砕して砂とすることを特徴とするものである。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係るビリ砂利破砕装置について、図1〜図3に基づいて説明する。
【0019】
長さ方向に山11と谷13とからなる歯15を多数刻設させ、かつ各歯15の山11を長さ方向の中央部を高くし、長さ方向の両側に向けて高さが低くなるように傾斜させ、傾斜させた一方(図2において手前側)を破砕部17とした一対の山形の破砕板19,21が設けられている。
【0020】
各破砕板19,21を山形としてあるため、使用により山形に傾斜させた一方の破砕部17が摩耗した場合、各破砕板19,21を反転させ、山形に傾斜させた他方を破砕部17として使用することにより、各破砕板19,21の耐用年数を倍増することができ、さらに後述のビリ砂利45を破砕部17の歯15へ流し込み易くなり、ビリ砂利供給性が向上する。
【0021】
本例において、歯15は各破砕板19,21の一側にのみ刻設され、その形状は断面凹凸状である(図2参照)。
【0022】
一方の破砕板19が、破砕部17を下方に向け、基台23に揺動自在に取付けられた取付板25に、固着されている。
【0023】
取付板25を振動させる振動手段27が、取付板25に配設されている。
【0024】
本例において、振動手段27は振動モーターである。
【0025】
他方の破砕板21が、破砕部17を下方に向け、揺動部29に、固着されている。
【0026】
本例において、揺動部29は偏心軸31に装着された揺動板33であり、偏心軸31を回転させることにより、揺動板33が上下左右動し、左上動時に破砕すると同時に後述のダンパー35が開放され、破砕された砂の排出が行われ、右下動時にダンパー35が閉塞され、後述のビリ砂利45、水W、空隙形成材49の供給が行われる。
【0027】
この揺動板33の上下左右動の移動距離は、上下方向が約20mm、左右方向が約15mm、またその運動は毎秒5〜6回行われる。
【0028】
両破砕板19,21の傾斜立設位置は、両破砕部17の歯15の山11と谷13とを互いに向い合わせて噛合させると共に、上方から下方に向けて間隔を狭くして、両破砕部17が互いに垂直になるように位置させてある。
【0029】
両破砕板19,21の傾斜角度は調整自在であることが望ましい。
【0030】
破砕部17の下部にダンパー35が開閉自在に配設されている。
【0031】
本例において、ダンパー35の開閉機構は、基台23に閉塞方向(上側)に付勢させて軸支させたダンパー35を、揺動部29の揺動板33の下部と連結させ、揺動板33の上下動により開閉させる機構である。
【0032】
ダンパー35を閉塞させることにより、このダンパー35および破砕部17間に貯留部37が形成される。
【0033】
このため、破砕板21の右下動時つまり両破砕板19,21の破砕部17の開放時にダンパー35を閉塞させ、ビリ砂利45を水W、空隙形成材49と共に両破砕板19,21間へ供給し、この供給されたビリ砂利45は、破砕部17の下方がダンパー35により閉塞されているため、未破砕のまま下方に落下することが皆無となる。
【0034】
また、破砕板21の左上動時つまり両破砕板19,21の破砕部17の閉鎖、即ち破砕時にダンパー35を開放し、ダンパー35上に前回破砕により堆積した砂、水Wおよび空隙形成材49を下方へ排出させると共に、貯留部37において、空隙形成材49により空隙を形成させた状態で一方の破砕板19の振動および他方の破砕板21の揺動により、効率良くビリ砂利破砕が行われ、また破砕部17の歯15またはダンパー35に圧着する砂は水Wおよび両破砕板19,21の振動作用により剥離され、目詰まりが解消される。
【0035】
両破砕板19,21の上方にビリ砂利ホッパー39が設置されている。
【0036】
このビリ砂利ホッパー39に、両破砕板19,21(破砕部17)間にビリ砂利45を所定量ずつ供給する供給手段41が設けられている。
【0037】
本例において、供給手段41は、回転軸43に羽根板(図示略)を立設させ、回転軸43の回転により羽根板を回転させ、ビリ砂利ホッパー39内のビリ砂利45を所定量ずつ搬出する構造である。
【0038】
また、この供給手段41によるビリ砂利供給は、両破砕板19,21間への過剰のビリ砂利供給時には停止させることが望ましい。
【0039】
ビリ砂利ホッパー39に、案内シュート47が、両破砕板19,21間の中央部に向けて連結されている。
【0040】
案内シュート47のビリ砂利ホッパー39との連結部位に近接させて、水Wおよび発泡樹脂からなる空隙形成材49をエア圧力により供給する供給機構51が連結されている。
【0041】
本例において、空隙形成材49は、破砕により表面積、容積が増大したビリ砂利45が両破砕板19,21間の破砕部17で高密度化する際に十分な空隙を形成し、破砕部17によるビリ砂利45の破砕を容易に促進させ、従来の欠点であった破砕時に中心部の多量のビリ砂利45が中割り、あるいは未破砕のまま下方に落下すること(破砕ロス)を皆無とするためのものであり、その大きさはビリ砂利45とほぼ同等とし、その素材は回収性および再使用性(弾力性)に優れた発泡スチロールとすることが望ましい。
【0042】
この両破砕板19,21間の中央部へ、案内シュート47から、ビリ砂利45が水W、空隙形成材49と共に供給される。
【0043】
基台23の下部に水槽53が設置されている。
【0044】
なお、図中55は給水管、57は取付板25の振動が基台23に直接伝導されるのを防止するための防振ゴム、59は取付板25の振動が基台23に直接伝導されるのを防止し、振動効率を向上させるための弾性体、61は揺動板33の揺動力を制御するための弾性体、63は揺動板33の揺動を制御するための嵌着プレート、65は揺動板33の揺動を制御するためのテンションロッド、67はダンパー35の連結支点、69は駆動モーター、71は砂搬出機構、73は排水溝、75は網材を示す。
【0045】
本装置を使用してビリ砂利を破砕する方法を以下に説明する。
【0046】
まず、ビリ砂利ホッパー39内にビリ砂利45を連続投入する。
【0047】
次に、一方の破砕板19を振動手段27である振動モーターを駆動させることにより振動させると共に、他方の破砕板21を揺動部29を揺動させることにより揺動させる。
【0048】
次に、予め得ようとする砂の粒度に対応させて調整された両破砕板19,21の破砕部17間に、案内シュート47から、ビリ砂利ホッパー39の供給手段41により所定量ずつ供給されたビリ砂利45と、供給機構51によりビリ砂利45に対する比率を0.33〜1として所定量ずつ供給された水Wおよび空隙形成材49を、供給する。
【0049】
この際、破砕板21が右下動し、つまり両破砕板19,21の破砕部17が開放され、この状態においてダンパー35は破砕板21(揺動板33)の右下動により閉塞された状態となる。
【0050】
この供給されたビリ砂利45は破砕により表面積、容積が増大し、破砕部17で高密度化する際に空隙形成材49により十分な空隙が形成され、破砕部17によるビリ砂利45の破砕を容易に促進させるため、破砕時に中心部の多量のビリ砂利45が中割り、あるいは未破砕のまま下方へ落下すること(破砕ロス)が皆無となる(図3(イ)参照)。
【0051】
また、ダンパー35の閉塞により形成された貯留部37にビリ砂利45と共に水W、空隙形成材49が貯留され、水Wおよび両破砕板19,21の振動作用により、両破砕板19,21の破砕部17の歯15に圧着する砂が剥離され、目詰まりが解消される。
【0052】
また、破砕された砂の粒子の表面は、水Wにより被膜されるため、砂の粒子の破砕部17の歯15への圧着を抑制し、目詰まりがより効果的に解消される。
【0053】
次に、破砕板21が左上動し、つまり両破砕板19,21の破砕部17が閉鎖され、破砕部17でビリ砂利45は、貯留部37に貯留された水W、空隙形成材49の中で重なり合い、一方の破砕板19の振動による衝撃力および両破砕板19,21の押圧力により、重ね割り破砕される。
【0054】
この際、ダンパー35は破砕板21(揺動板33)の左上動により開放され、ダンパー35上に前回破砕により堆積した砂、水Wおよび空隙形成材49が下方へ排出されると共に、一方の破砕板19の振動および他方の破砕板21の揺動により、また空隙形成材49により十分な空隙を形成し、破砕部17によるビリ砂利45の破砕を容易に促進させることになり、破砕部17でビリ砂利破砕が行われ、破砕部17の歯15またはダンパー35に圧着する砂は水Wおよび両破砕板19,21の振動作用により剥離され、目詰まりが解消される(図3(ロ)参照)。
【0055】
この破砕された全ての砂は水W、空隙形成材49と共に、次工程の閉塞状態のダンパー35上に堆積し、この状態においてダンパー35が破砕部17の下部を閉塞しているため、貯留部37へ次回破砕分(未破砕)のビリ砂利45および水W、空隙形成材49が供給(充填)され、完全に入替えられた状態となる(図3(イ)参照)。
【0056】
この破砕されたビリ砂利45は砂となり、この砂はダンパー35の開放により下方の水槽53内に拡散することなく、速やかに下方に沈降すると共に、発泡樹脂からなる空隙形成材49は水Wより比重が軽いため、水面上に浮遊する。
【0057】
次に、水槽53の水面上に浮遊する空隙形成材49をファン等のエア圧力により一個所へ集め、回収し、水槽53内に沈降した砂を砂搬出機構71により水切りをして水槽53外に搬出させ、適宜使用に供する。
【0058】
この際、回収した空隙形成材49は再使用する。
【0059】
このように、ビリ砂利45および水Wの供給時にダンパー35を閉塞させて貯留部37を形成し、この貯留部37にビリ砂利45を水W、空隙形成材49と共に貯留させた状態でビリ砂利破砕を行うため、破砕によりビリ砂利45の表面積、容積が増大し、破砕部17で高密度化する際に空隙形成材49により十分な空隙を形成し、破砕部17によるビリ砂利45の破砕を容易に促進させるため、破砕時に中心部の多量のビリ砂利45が中割り、あるいは未破砕のまま下方へ落下すること(破砕ロス)が皆無となり、破砕効率を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
【0060】
また、破砕部17の歯15に圧着する砂を、水Wおよび両破砕板19,21の振動作用により完全に剥離し、目詰まりが解消される。
【0061】
このため、破砕ロスおよび目詰まりした砂、砂利の除去作業が皆無となり、破砕効率を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
【0062】
また、破砕が貯留部37に水Wを貯留させた状態で行われるため、大気中での砂利破砕の際に発生していた粉塵の発生、粉塵公害が皆無となり、作業者および近隣の居住者へ粉塵により悪影響を及ぼすことがない。
【0063】
また、破砕部17のみに水を貯留させればよいため、装置を小型化できると共に、装置の他の部分まで浸水させる必要がなく、水により腐蝕する(サビる)ことがない。
【0064】
また、図4に破砕板19,21の別の例が示してある。
【0065】
本例の破砕板19,21は、前例の各歯15の山11の長さ方向の中央部を平坦部77としたものであり、この山11の長さ方向の中央部を平坦部77とすることにより、両破砕板19,21を傾斜立設させた際の上側の開口部(山形に傾斜させた他方により形成される)面積を拡張し、ビリ砂利供給性を向上させると共に、粒度5mm〜10mmのビリ砂利のみならず、粒度10mm〜25mmの砂利をも平坦部77間で予備破砕した後、破砕部17間で破砕することを可能とした。
【0066】
さらに、ビリ砂利供給時にビリ砂利45を平坦部77へ供給させることにより、破砕部17として使用していない上方の破砕板19,21の歯15の摩耗を防止することができると共に、破砕部17として使用する歯15へビリ砂利45を流し込み易くし、ビリ砂利45の供給性をより向上させることができる。
【0067】
また、本例の破砕板19,21の使用方法は前例と同様であるため、説明は省略する。
【0068】
なお、両例において、破砕板19,21は山11と谷13とからなる歯15を多数刻設させたものであるが、歯15を刻設させることなく、プレート板等の平板形状としてもよい。
【0069】
また、両破砕板19,21の破砕部17の歯15の噛合間隔は、間隔調整機構等により調整自在とすることが望ましいが、調整自在としなくてもよい。
【0070】
また、空隙形成材49は発泡スチロールに限定されることなく、発泡ウレタンとした際には水Wを吸湿して空隙を形成させることができ、また発泡ゴム等の他の発泡樹脂素材とすることは自明である。
【0071】
また、空隙形成材49の大きさは、ビリ砂利45とほぼ同等としてあるが、ビリ砂利45より大型あるいは小型とすることは自明である。
【0072】
また、ビリ砂利45と、水Wおよび空隙形成材49の比率は0.33〜1とすることが望ましい。
【0073】
また、貯留部37の水密性を向上させるため、ダンパー35の表面側にゴム等の樹脂層を被覆することが望ましい。
【0074】
また、ダンパー35の開閉機構、水槽53からの砂の搬出方法、は本例に限定されることはなく、他の機構、方法を採用し得ることは自明である。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係るビリ砂利破砕方法およびビリ砂利破砕装置によれば、一対の破砕板の破砕部の下方をダンパーにより閉塞させ、このダンパーおよび破砕部間に貯留部を形成し、両破砕板間へ、上方からビリ砂利を水、空隙形成材と共に供給し、貯留部に水を貯留させると共に、空隙形成材により十分な空隙を形成した状態でビリ砂利を破砕するため、破砕により表面積、容積が増大したビリ砂利が両破砕板間の破砕部で高密度化する際に十分な空隙が形成され、破砕部によるビリ砂利の破砕を容易に促進させ、従来の欠点であった破砕時に中心部の多量のビリ砂利が中割り、あるいは未破砕のまま下方に落下すること(破砕ロス)を皆無とすることができる。
【0076】
また、水および両破砕板の振動作用により、破砕板の破砕部に圧着する砂を完全に剥離し、破砕板に目詰まりした砂、砂利の除去作業を皆無とすると共に、破砕効率を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るビリ砂利破砕装置の正面図。
【図2】破砕板の斜視図。
【図3】同、使用状態を示す要部拡大正面図、(イ)がビリ砂利、水、空隙形成材の供給状態を示し、(ロ)が破砕状態を示す。
【図4】別の破砕板の斜視図。
【符号の説明】
17 破砕部
19 破砕板
21 破砕板
27 振動手段
29 揺動部
35 ダンパー
37 貯留部
45 ビリ砂利
49 空隙形成材
W 水
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for crushing billet gravel (grains having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm) which can be used only for garden paving stones or the like to form sand (particle size of 5 mm or less).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, aggregates (sand, gravel) used in concrete for civil engineering and construction have been collected from rivers, mountains, the sea, etc., and river gravel and sand have been mainly used. Restriction on the extraction of gravel from rivers has been tightened since then, and the removal of gravel from rivers has now been banned.
[0003]
On the other hand, in the construction industry, demand for sand and gravel is increasing, and as a result, gravel and sand other than river gravel are sourced from farmland, mountains, sea, etc. Crushed stones have begun to be collected.
[0004]
Here, gravel and sand are classified in sand and gravel at a gravel plant factory after washing the rough of the gravel with water, sieving, sand with a grain size of 5 mm or less, billy gravel with a grain size of 5 mm to 10 mm, gravel with a grain size of 10 mm to 25 mm, and others. Have been.
[0005]
Of these, sand having a particle size of 5 mm or less and gravel having a particle size of 10 mm to 25 mm are used as aggregates for concrete for civil engineering and construction.
[0006]
Therefore, in many gravel plant factories, billy gravel having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm is not used and is left piled in large quantities.
[0007]
The applicant of the present invention has been intensively researching and developing a method and an apparatus for crushing billet gravel to sand, and has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2568473, Japanese Patent No. 2876567, Japanese Patent No. 2986793, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-180940. Have an invention.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Nos. 2,568,473, 2,876,567, and 2,986,793 disclose a pair of tooth plates in which a large number of teeth having a concave-convex section formed of peaks and valleys are meshed with each other, and both of them are engaged with each other. Alternatively, there is provided a method and an apparatus for vibrating one tooth plate and crushing billet gravel by a pressing force of both tooth plates and an impact force due to vibration of the tooth plate.
[0009]
The patent Nos. 2,568,473 and 2,876,567 disclose that in the atmosphere, the shingle is crushed, so that the falling speed of the shingle in the atmosphere is as high as about 490 cm per second, and when the tooth plates are opened, the crushed gravel falls downward. There was a drawback that the fall amount was about 50%, and the billy gravel fell without being crushed.
[0010]
In addition, since the crushing was performed in the atmosphere, the billy gravel was pressed and clogged on the teeth of both tooth plates, forced to remove this clogged gravel and sand, and dust was generated at the time of crushing, This dust not only harms workers, but also has a drawback that on windy days, it adversely affects nearby residents.
[0011]
Japanese Patent No. 2,986,793 for overcoming this drawback disposes the crushing portions of both tooth plates in water, and crushes billet gravel in water.
[0012]
In Japanese Patent No. 2986793, the harmful effects such as clogging of the teeth of the two tooth plates and dust are eliminated because the crushing of the gravel in water is performed, but the falling speed of the billy gravel is lower than the falling speed in the atmosphere. Although it was slow down to 240 cm per second, there was still a large amount of crushing and falling down uncrushed when both teeth plates were open (crushing loss), and the crushing part was located in water, so that other parts of the device could be flooded. In addition, there are drawbacks that the apparatus becomes larger and is corroded (rusted) by water.
[0013]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-180940 for overcoming this drawback, instead of positioning the crushing portion of both tooth plates in water, closes the crushing portion by a damper that is freely openable and closable below the crushing portion of both tooth plates, Since a storage section is formed, and the damper cannot perform opening and closing movements in water, the sand is poured into the storage section together with water, and only the crushing sections (storage sections) of both tooth plates are crushed in water.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-180940, which was previously invented by the present applicant, the crushed sand still contained middle or uncrushed billy gravel.
[0015]
This is because the porcelain has a small porosity of about 40% and the porosity is small, and the surface area and volume increase when crushed. Crushing is no longer possible, in other words, there is no gap in the billy crushed between the crushed parts of both tooth plates, so that the density becomes high, and a large amount of billy gravel in the center part is divided into middle or uncrushed It was caused by falling down.
[0016]
The present invention has been newly researched and developed by the present applicant with the aim of resolving this drawback, with the aim of dramatically improving the crushing efficiency by eliminating medium or uncrushed (crushing loss) at all. is there.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a pair of crushing plates are erected, a lower portion of both crushing plates is a crushing portion, a damper is arranged to be freely openable and closable at a lower portion of the crushing portion, and one of the crushing plates is vibrated via vibration means, The other crushing plate is rocked, the damper is closed when the crushing portions of both crushing plates are opened, and a storage portion is formed by the damper and the crushing portion. With the size corresponding to the above, supplied together with the void forming material made of foamed resin, the water is stored in the storage portion, and in the state where the voids are formed by the void forming material, the billet gravel, the pressing force of both crushing plates, And crushed into sand by the impact force of the vibration of the crushing plate.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A billy crushing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0019]
A number of teeth 15 composed of peaks 11 and valleys 13 are engraved in the length direction, and the height of the peaks 11 of each tooth 15 is increased at the center in the length direction, and the height is reduced toward both sides in the length direction. A pair of angled crushing plates 19 and 21 are provided as crushing portions 17 on one side (the front side in FIG. 2).
[0020]
Since each of the crushing plates 19 and 21 has a chevron shape, if one of the crushing portions 17 inclined in a chevron due to use is worn, the crushing plates 19 and 21 are turned over and the other crushed portion is inclined as a crushing portion 17. By using this, the useful life of each of the crushing plates 19 and 21 can be doubled, and furthermore, the later-described billet gravel 45 can be easily poured into the teeth 15 of the crushing unit 17 and the billet gravel supply property is improved.
[0021]
In this example, the teeth 15 are engraved only on one side of each of the crushing plates 19 and 21, and the shape thereof is uneven in cross section (see FIG. 2).
[0022]
One crushing plate 19 is fixed to a mounting plate 25 swingably mounted on the base 23 with the crushing portion 17 facing downward.
[0023]
Vibration means 27 for vibrating the mounting plate 25 is provided on the mounting plate 25.
[0024]
In this example, the vibration means 27 is a vibration motor.
[0025]
The other crushing plate 21 is fixed to the swinging portion 29 with the crushing portion 17 facing downward.
[0026]
In this example, the oscillating portion 29 is an oscillating plate 33 attached to the eccentric shaft 31, and by rotating the eccentric shaft 31, the oscillating plate 33 moves up and down, left and right, and crushes when moving up and to the left. The damper 35 is opened, the crushed sand is discharged, the damper 35 is closed at the time of the lower right movement, and the later-described billet gravel 45, water W, and the gap forming material 49 are supplied.
[0027]
The moving distance of the swing plate 33 in the vertical and horizontal directions is about 20 mm in the vertical direction and about 15 mm in the horizontal direction, and the movement is performed 5 to 6 times per second.
[0028]
The crushing plates 19 and 21 are inclined upright so that the ridges 11 and the valleys 13 of the teeth 15 of the crushing portions 17 are meshed with each other facing each other, and the distance between the crushing plates 17 and 21 is reduced from above to below. The parts 17 are positioned so as to be perpendicular to each other.
[0029]
It is desirable that the angle of inclination of both crushing plates 19 and 21 be adjustable.
[0030]
A damper 35 is provided below the crushing unit 17 so as to be freely opened and closed.
[0031]
In this example, the opening / closing mechanism of the damper 35 connects the damper 35 urged to the base 23 in the closing direction (upper direction) to be supported by the lower part of the rocking plate 33 of the rocking portion 29 and rocks. This is a mechanism that is opened and closed by moving the plate 33 up and down.
[0032]
By closing the damper 35, a storage part 37 is formed between the damper 35 and the crushing part 17.
[0033]
Therefore, the damper 35 is closed when the crushing plate 21 moves to the lower right, that is, when the crushing part 17 of the crushing plates 19 and 21 is opened, and the billet gravel 45 is mixed with the water W and the gap forming material 49 between the crushing plates 19 and 21. Since the lower part of the crushing part 17 is closed by the damper 35, the supplied billet gravel 45 never falls down without being crushed.
[0034]
Further, when the crushing plate 21 moves to the upper left, that is, when the crushing portions 17 of the crushing plates 19 and 21 are closed, that is, when the crushing is performed, the damper 35 is opened, and the sand, the water W, and the void forming material 49 deposited on the damper 35 by the previous crushing. Is discharged downward, and in the storage section 37, in a state where the gap is formed by the gap forming material 49, the vibrating one crushing plate 19 and the swinging of the other crushing plate 21 efficiently crush the billet. The sand pressed against the teeth 15 or the damper 35 of the crushing section 17 is separated by the water W and the vibration action of the crushing plates 19 and 21, so that clogging is eliminated.
[0035]
Above both crushing plates 19 and 21, a billy hopper 39 is provided.
[0036]
The billet hopper 39 is provided with a supply means 41 for supplying the billet gravel 45 by a predetermined amount between the crushing plates 19 and 21 (crushing unit 17).
[0037]
In this example, the supply means 41 erected a blade (not shown) on the rotating shaft 43, rotated the blade by the rotation of the rotating shaft 43, and carried out a predetermined amount of the billet 45 in the billet hopper 39. It is a structure to do.
[0038]
It is desirable that the supply of the billet by the supply means 41 be stopped when excessive billet is supplied between the crushing plates 19 and 21.
[0039]
A guide chute 47 is connected to the billet hopper 39 toward the center between the crush plates 19 and 21.
[0040]
A supply mechanism 51 that supplies a gap forming material 49 made of water W and a foamed resin by air pressure is connected to the guide chute 47 close to a connection portion with the billet hopper 39.
[0041]
In the present example, the gap forming material 49 forms a sufficient gap when the crushed gravel 45 whose surface area and volume have been increased by crushing is densified in the crushing portion 17 between the crushing plates 19 and 21, and the crushing portion 17 is formed. Facilitates the crushing of the rubble gravel 45, and eliminates the disadvantage that the large amount of the rubble gravel 45 at the center part falls during the crushing, which is a conventional defect, or falls down without being crushed (crushing loss). It is desirable that the size of the material is substantially the same as that of the billet gravel 45, and that the material is Styrofoam having excellent recoverability and reusability (elasticity).
[0042]
From the guide chute 47, the billet gravel 45 is supplied together with the water W and the gap forming material 49 to the center between the crushing plates 19 and 21.
[0043]
A water tank 53 is provided below the base 23.
[0044]
In the figure, 55 is a water supply pipe, 57 is an anti-vibration rubber for preventing the vibration of the mounting plate 25 from being directly transmitted to the base 23, and 59 is a vibration that is transmitted directly to the base 23 of the mounting plate 25. An elastic body for preventing vibration of the rocking plate 33; and a fitting plate 63 for controlling the rocking of the rocking plate 33. , 65 are tension rods for controlling the swing of the swing plate 33, 67 is a connection fulcrum of the damper 35, 69 is a drive motor, 71 is a sand discharge mechanism, 73 is a drain groove, and 75 is a net material.
[0045]
A method for crushing billet gravel using the present apparatus will be described below.
[0046]
First, the billet gravel 45 is continuously charged into the billy hopper 39.
[0047]
Next, one crushing plate 19 is vibrated by driving a vibration motor, which is a vibration means 27, and the other crushing plate 21 is rocked by rocking a rocking portion 29.
[0048]
Next, a predetermined amount is supplied from the guide chute 47 between the crushing portions 17 of the crushing plates 19 and 21 adjusted according to the grain size of the sand to be obtained in advance by the supply means 41 of the billet hopper 39. The supplied sand 45 and the water W and the gap forming material 49 supplied by the supply mechanism 51 at predetermined ratios of 0.33 to 1 with respect to the billet gravel 45 are supplied.
[0049]
At this time, the crushing plate 21 moves to the lower right, that is, the crushing portion 17 of both crushing plates 19 and 21 is opened, and in this state, the damper 35 is closed by the lower right movement of the crushing plate 21 (oscillating plate 33). State.
[0050]
The surface area and volume of the supplied gravel 45 are increased by crushing, and when the density is increased in the crushing section 17, sufficient voids are formed by the gap forming material 49, and the crushing section 17 can easily crush the gravel 45. During the crushing process, a large amount of the billet gravel 45 at the center is divided in the middle, or falls down without crushing (crushing loss), and there is no such loss (see FIG. 3A).
[0051]
The water W and the gap forming material 49 are stored together with the billet gravel 45 in the storage portion 37 formed by the blockage of the damper 35, and the water W and the crushing plates 19, 21 vibrate. The sand pressed against the teeth 15 of the crushing section 17 is peeled off, and clogging is eliminated.
[0052]
Further, since the surface of the crushed sand particles is coated with the water W, the pressing of the crushed portion 17 to the teeth 15 of the sand particles is suppressed, and the clogging is more effectively eliminated.
[0053]
Next, the crushing plate 21 moves to the upper left, that is, the crushing portions 17 of both crushing plates 19 and 21 are closed, and the crushed gravel 45 in the crushing portion 17 contains the water W stored in the storage portion 37 and the void forming material 49. The crushing plates 19 and 21 are overlapped and crushed by the impact force of the vibration of one crushing plate 19 and the pressing force of both crushing plates 19 and 21.
[0054]
At this time, the damper 35 is opened by the upper left movement of the crushing plate 21 (oscillating plate 33), and the sand, water W, and the gap forming material 49 deposited by the previous crushing on the damper 35 are discharged downward, and one of the two is discharged. Due to the vibration of the crushing plate 19 and the swinging of the other crushing plate 21, a sufficient gap is formed by the gap forming material 49, and the crushing of the billet gravel 45 by the crushing section 17 is easily promoted. The sand pressed against the teeth 15 or the damper 35 of the crushing section 17 is separated by the water W and the vibration action of the crushing plates 19 and 21 to eliminate the clogging (FIG. 3B). reference).
[0055]
All of the crushed sand is deposited on the closed damper 35 in the next process together with the water W and the gap forming material 49. In this state, the damper 35 closes the lower part of the crushing portion 17, and the storage portion 37 is supplied (filled) with the next crushed (uncrushed) billet gravel 45, water W, and void forming material 49, and is completely replaced (see FIG. 3A).
[0056]
The crushed billy gravel 45 becomes sand, and the sand is quickly settled downward without being diffused into the lower water tank 53 by opening the damper 35, and the gap forming material 49 made of foamed resin is separated from the water W. It floats on the water surface due to its low specific gravity.
[0057]
Next, the void forming material 49 floating on the water surface of the water tank 53 is collected at one location by air pressure of a fan or the like, collected, and the sand settled in the water tank 53 is drained by the sand discharge mechanism 71 to be outside the water tank 53. And used for use as appropriate.
[0058]
At this time, the collected void forming material 49 is reused.
[0059]
In this way, the damper 35 is closed during the supply of the billet gravel 45 and the water W to form the storage portion 37, and the billet gravel 45 is stored in the storage portion 37 together with the water W and the gap forming material 49. In order to perform the crushing, the surface area and volume of the billet gravel 45 are increased by the crushing, and when the density is increased in the crushing part 17, a sufficient gap is formed by the gap forming material 49, and the crushing of the billy gravel 45 by the crushing part 17 is performed. In order to facilitate the crushing, a large amount of the gravel 45 at the center portion during the crushing is not divided into pieces or falls downward without crushing (crushing loss), and the crushing efficiency can be significantly improved.
[0060]
Further, the sand pressed against the teeth 15 of the crushing section 17 is completely separated by the water W and the vibration action of the crushing plates 19 and 21, and the clogging is eliminated.
[0061]
For this reason, there is no work to remove crushing loss, clogged sand and gravel, and crushing efficiency can be dramatically improved.
[0062]
In addition, since the crushing is performed in a state where the water W is stored in the storage unit 37, there is no generation of dust and dust pollution generated at the time of crushing the gravel in the atmosphere, and the worker and the resident in the vicinity are not crushed. No adverse effects due to dust.
[0063]
In addition, since water only needs to be stored in the crushing section 17, the size of the apparatus can be reduced, and it is not necessary to immerse other parts of the apparatus in water, and there is no corrosion (rust) by water.
[0064]
FIG. 4 shows another example of the crushing plates 19 and 21.
[0065]
In the crushing plates 19 and 21 of this example, the central part in the longitudinal direction of the peak 11 of each tooth 15 of the previous example is a flat part 77, and the central part in the longitudinal direction of the peak 11 is the flat part 77. By doing so, the area of the upper opening (formed by the other inclined in the shape of a mountain) when the crushing plates 19 and 21 are erected is expanded, and the supply of billet gravel is improved, and the particle size is 5 mm. After preliminarily crushing between the flat portions 77, not only the sandstone having a grain size of 10 mm to 10 mm but also the gravel having a particle size of 10 mm to 25 mm can be crushed between the crushing portions 17.
[0066]
Further, by supplying the billet gravel 45 to the flat portion 77 at the time of supplying the billet gravel, it is possible to prevent the wear of the teeth 15 of the upper crushing plates 19 and 21 not used as the crushing portion 17 and to prevent the crushing portion 17 from being worn. It is easy to pour the gravel 45 into the teeth 15 used as a tooth, and the supply of the vitreous gravel 45 can be further improved.
[0067]
The method of using the crushing plates 19 and 21 of this example is the same as that of the previous example, and thus the description is omitted.
[0068]
In both examples, the crushing plates 19 and 21 are formed by engraving a large number of teeth 15 each having a peak 11 and a valley 13. However, the crushing plates 19 and 21 may be formed in a flat plate shape such as a plate plate without engraving the teeth 15. Good.
[0069]
Further, the meshing interval of the teeth 15 of the crushing portion 17 of the crushing plates 19 and 21 is desirably adjustable by an interval adjusting mechanism or the like, but may not be adjustable.
[0070]
Further, the void forming material 49 is not limited to styrofoam. When urethane foam is used, voids can be formed by absorbing water W, and other foam resin materials such as foam rubber can be used. It is obvious.
[0071]
In addition, the size of the void forming material 49 is substantially equal to the size of the gravel 45, but it is obvious that the size is larger or smaller than the size of the gravel 45.
[0072]
Further, it is desirable that the ratio of the billy gravel 45 to the water W and the space forming material 49 is 0.33 to 1.
[0073]
Further, in order to improve the watertightness of the storage section 37, it is desirable to coat a resin layer such as rubber on the surface side of the damper 35.
[0074]
Further, the opening / closing mechanism of the damper 35 and the method of carrying out the sand from the water tank 53 are not limited to this example, and it is obvious that other mechanisms and methods can be adopted.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
According to the billet crushing method and the billet crushing device according to the present invention, the lower portion of the crushing portion of the pair of crushing plates is closed by the damper, a storage portion is formed between the damper and the crushing portion, and the storage portion is formed between the crushing plates. In order to supply the sand and gravel from above, together with water and a void forming material, to store water in the storage part, and to crush the billy gravel with sufficient voids formed by the void forming material, the crushing increases the surface area and volume. Enough space is formed when the blasted gravel is densified at the crushing section between the crushing plates, facilitating the crushing of the blasting gravel by the crushing section, and the large amount of central It is possible to completely eliminate falling of the billet gravel in the middle or uncrushed downward (crushing loss).
[0076]
In addition, the water and the vibrating action of both crushing plates completely separate the sand that adheres to the crushing portion of the crushing plate, eliminating the work of removing sand and gravel clogging the crushing plate and dramatically improving the crushing efficiency. Can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a billy crushing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a crush plate.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of a main part showing a use state, (a) shows a supply state of billet gravel, water, and a gap forming material, and (b) shows a crushed state.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another crush plate.
[Explanation of symbols]
17 crushing part 19 crushing plate 21 crushing plate 27 vibrating means 29 oscillating part 35 damper 37 storage part 45 billet gravel 49 gap forming material W water

Claims (2)

一対の破砕板(19),(21)を立設させ、両破砕板(19),(21)の下部を破砕部(17)とし、この破砕部(17)の下部にダンパー(35)を開閉自在に配し、一方の破砕板(19)を振動手段(27)を介して振動させ、他方の破砕板(21)を揺動させ、両破砕板(19),(21)の破砕部(17)開放時にダンパー(35)を閉塞させ、このダンパー(35)および破砕部(17)により貯留部(37)を形成し、両破砕板(19),(21)間へ、上方からビリ砂利(45)を、水(W) 、ビリ砂利(45)と対応する大きさの、発泡樹脂からなる空隙形成材(49)と共に供給し、貯留部(37)に水(W) を貯留させ、かつ空隙形成材(49)により空隙を形成させた状態でビリ砂利(45)を、両破砕板(19),(21)の押圧力、一方の破砕板(19)の振動による衝撃力により破砕して砂とすることを特徴とするビリ砂利破砕方法。A pair of crushing plates (19) and (21) are erected, the lower part of both crushing plates (19) and (21) is used as a crushing part (17), and a damper (35) is provided under the crushing part (17). The crushing plates (19), (21) are oscillated by vibrating means (27), and the other crushing plate (21) is rocked. (17) The damper (35) is closed at the time of opening, and the storage part (37) is formed by the damper (35) and the crushing part (17), and the space between the crushing plates (19) and (21) is screwed from above. The gravel (45) is supplied together with the water (W) and the void forming material (49) made of a foamed resin and having a size corresponding to the billy gravel (45), and the water (W) is stored in the storage portion (37). In a state where the gap is formed by the gap forming material (49), the billet gravel (45) is removed from both crush plates (1). 9) A method for crushing gravel, characterized by crushing into sand by the pressing force of (21) and the impact force of the vibration of one of the crushing plates (19). 一対の破砕板(19),(21)を立設させ、両破砕板(19),(21)の下部を破砕部(17)とし、この破砕部(17)の下部にダンパー(35)を開閉自在に配し、ダンパー(35)閉塞時にダンパー(35)および破砕部(17)により貯留部(37)を形成し、上方からビリ砂利(45)を、水(W) 、ビリ砂利(45)と対応する大きさの、発泡樹脂からなる空隙形成材(49)と共に供給し、貯留部(37)に水(W) を貯留させ、かつ空隙形成材(49)により空隙を形成させた状態でビリ砂利(45)を、一方の破砕板(19)を振動手段(27)を介して振動させ、他方の破砕板(21)を揺動させることにより、破砕して砂とすることを特徴とするビリ砂利破砕装置。A pair of crushing plates (19) and (21) are erected, the lower part of both crushing plates (19) and (21) is used as a crushing part (17), and a damper (35) is provided under the crushing part (17). The damper (35) and the crushing part (17) form a storage part (37) when the damper (35) is closed, and the billet (45) is removed from above with water (W) and billet (45). ) Is supplied together with a void-forming material (49) made of a foamed resin, the water (W) is stored in the storage part (37), and the void is formed by the void-forming material (49). The vibratory gravel (45) is crushed into sand by vibrating one crushing plate (19) via the vibration means (27) and oscillating the other crushing plate (21). Billi gravel crushing equipment.
JP2001361968A 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Billi gravel crushing method and device Expired - Fee Related JP3560583B2 (en)

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