JP3563529B2 - Heavy duty pneumatic tires - Google Patents
Heavy duty pneumatic tires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3563529B2 JP3563529B2 JP13282596A JP13282596A JP3563529B2 JP 3563529 B2 JP3563529 B2 JP 3563529B2 JP 13282596 A JP13282596 A JP 13282596A JP 13282596 A JP13282596 A JP 13282596A JP 3563529 B2 JP3563529 B2 JP 3563529B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- tan
- tire
- value
- rolling resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTTHLMXOSUFZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 UTTHLMXOSUFZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005063 High cis polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 0 O=Cc1cccc(*=O)c1 Chemical compound O=Cc1cccc(*=O)c1 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は重荷重用空気入りタイヤに関し、特には、転がり抵抗性と耐偏摩耗性とを両立させた重荷重用空気入りタイヤに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、省資源、省エネルギーの社会的要請により、燃料消費を節約するためにタイヤの転がり抵抗を低減する研究が重要となってきている。タイヤの転がり抵抗を小さくすれば、燃料消費量が軽減され、いわゆる低燃費タイヤとなる。
【０００３】
タイヤ走行時の転がり抵抗を小さくするためにはトレッドゴムのヒステリシスロスを小さくする必要があり、粘弾性的にはタイヤ走行時の温度における損失係数（ｔａｎδ）値を低くすることが有効であることが知られている。ｔａｎδ値を低くする方法としては、高シスポリブタジエンゴムなどのガラス転移温度の低い材料や、天然ゴムのように反発弾性の高い材料を用いることが一般的である。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、タイヤトレッドの偏摩耗は、トレッドゴムの損失係数（ｔａｎδ）と深く関係し、ｔａｎδ値の高いトレッドゴムを用いれば偏摩耗は問題とならなくなることが知られている。
【０００５】
上述のように、粘弾性的にはタイヤの低転がり抵抗と耐偏摩耗性とは二律背反の関係にあり、現状では転がり抵抗性を犠牲にして偏摩耗が発生しないようにトレッドゴムのｔａｎδを高く設定している。
【０００６】
そこで本発明の目的は、転がり抵抗性と耐偏摩耗性とを両立させた重荷重用空気入りタイヤを提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するためにトレッドゴムのｔａｎδの変化（低下）に著目し鋭意検討した結果、特定のｔａｎδ値を有し、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後のその値の保持率が９０％以上であるゴムをトレッドゴムとして使用することにより、上記目的を達成し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【０００８】
すなわち、本発明の重荷重用空気入りタイヤは、１００℃における損失係数（ｔａｎδ）が０．０５〜０．２５の範囲内にあり、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後の損失係数（ｔａｎδ）の保持率が９０％以上であるゴムであって、該ゴムのゴム成分として溶液重合スチレンブタジエン共重合体を含むゴムをトレッドゴムとして使用したことを特徴とするものである。
【０００９】
図１に示すように、従来のトレッドゴムは走行距離が伸びるにつれ損失係数（ｔａｎδ）が低下し、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後の同値の保持率は７０〜８０％程度まで低下する。従って、走行中期以降に問題となる偏摩耗を抑制するためには走行初期からの損失係数（ｔａｎδ）を高く設定しておかなければならず、このため走行初期からの転がり抵抗を低く抑えることはできなかった。これに対し、本発明においては、図１に見られるように、長距離走行後の損失係数（ｔａｎδ）値の低下が極めて少ないことにより、走行初期の損失係数（ｔａｎδ）値を低く抑えることができ、これにより転がり抵抗を当初から低くすることができ、しかも走行中期以降でも損失係数（ｔａｎδ）値の低下が少ないことから偏摩耗の発生も抑えられる。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の重荷重用空気入りタイヤは、走行初期において１００℃における損失係数（ｔａｎδ）値が０．０５〜０．２５の範囲内である。この値が０．０５未満であると耐偏摩耗性が悪く、一方０．２５を超えると転がり抵抗が大きくなる。
【００１１】
また、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後の損失係数（ｔａｎδ）の保持率が９０％以上である。この保持率が９０％未満であると、転がり抵抗性と耐偏摩耗性との両立が困難となる。
ここで利用率とは、摩耗によるトレッドの溝深さにより求められる値であり、例えば利用率３０％とは、トレッド溝深さが３０％低減し、残りの溝深さが走行前の７０％になっていることを意味する。
【００１２】
本発明のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物としては、上記保持率を９０％以上に保持する上でゴム成分中に両末端変性溶液重合スチレンブタジエン共重合体が２０〜１００重量％含まれていることが好ましい。或はスチレンブタジエンブロック共重合体が１０〜５０重量％含まれていてもよい。
【００１３】
また、本発明においては、ゴム成分１００重量部に対してＨＡＦ級、ＳＡＦ級等のカーボンブラックが３０〜６０重量部含まれていることが好ましい。この配合量が３０重量部未満では耐摩耗性が低下し、一方６０重量部を超えると転がり抵抗を低下させるのが困難となる。
【００１４】
さらに、本発明においては、ゴム成分１００重量部に対してカーボンブラック分散剤が０．１〜２重量部含まれていることが好ましい。かかる分散剤として、具体的には次式、
【００１５】
本発明のタイヤのトレッド用ゴム組成物においては、上述のスチレンブタジエンゴム以外のゴム成分は特に制限されず、また使用するカーボンブラックの種類も制限されるべきものではない。さらに、かかるゴム組成物には、上記成分の他、通常ゴム組成物に用いられる老化防止剤、ワックス、加硫促進剤等の配合剤、またシリカ含有ゴム組成物に用いられるシランカップリング剤、分散剤等を適宜配合することができる。
【００１６】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例および比較例により具体的に説明する。
［実施例、従来例］
下記の表１に示す配合処方（重量部）にて種々のゴム組成物を調製した。得られたゴム組成物をトレッドゴムとして使用してサイズ２９５／７５Ｒ２２．５の重荷重用空気入りタイヤを製造した。かかるタイヤについて走行初期のｔａｎδ、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後のｔａｎδ、転がり抵抗および耐偏摩耗性を測定した。これらの測定方法を以下に示す。
【００１７】
（イ）損失係数（ｔａｎδ）
東洋精機社製スペクトロメーターを用い、幅４．７ｍｍ、厚さ２ｍｍ、長さ２０ｍｍの試験片を初期荷重１６０ｇ、振動数５２Ｈｚ、動歪１％、温度１００℃にて測定した。
【００１８】
（３）転がり抵抗性能
タイヤをドラムに押し付けて走行させるドラム試験にてタイヤ転動時の転がり抵抗（ＲＲ）を測定した。測定条件は速度８０ｋｍ／時、荷重２７２５ｋｇ、雰囲気温度２５℃とした。コントロールのタイヤを１００として指数表示した。数値が小さい程転がり抵抗が小さく良好であることを示す。
【００１９】
（ロ）耐偏摩耗性
各試験タイヤをトラックに装着し、１０万マイル走行させた。偏摩耗部分の面積を測定し、コントロールのタイヤを１００として逆数指数表示した。数値が大きい程、耐偏摩耗性が良好であることを示す。
得られた結果を下記の表１に示す。
【００２０】
【表１】
２）スチレン含量＝２５重量％、ビニル含量＝２３重量％
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、本発明の重荷重用の空気入りタイヤにおいては、トレッドゴムが特定のｔａｎδ値を有し、利用率３０％以上に及ぶ走行後の同値の保持率が９０％以上であることにより、転がり抵抗性と耐偏摩耗性との両立を実現することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】タイヤトレッドゴムにおける走行距離とｔａｎδ値との関係を表すグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heavy-duty pneumatic tire, and more particularly, to a heavy-duty pneumatic tire having both rolling resistance and uneven wear resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, due to social demands for resource saving and energy saving, research for reducing rolling resistance of tires in order to save fuel consumption has become important. If the rolling resistance of the tire is reduced, the fuel consumption is reduced, resulting in a so-called fuel-efficient tire.
[0003]
It is necessary to reduce the hysteresis loss of the tread rubber in order to reduce the rolling resistance when running the tire, and it is effective to lower the loss coefficient (tan δ) value at the temperature during running the tire in terms of viscoelasticity. It has been known. As a method for lowering the tan δ value, it is common to use a material having a low glass transition temperature, such as a high cis polybutadiene rubber, or a material having a high rebound resilience, such as natural rubber.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, uneven wear of the tire tread is deeply related to the loss coefficient (tan δ) of the tread rubber, and it is known that uneven wear does not become a problem when a tread rubber having a high tan δ value is used.
[0005]
As described above, in terms of viscoelasticity, low rolling resistance and uneven wear resistance of the tire are in a trade-off relationship, and at present, tan δ of the tread rubber is increased so that uneven wear does not occur at the expense of rolling resistance. You have set.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a heavy-duty pneumatic tire having both rolling resistance and uneven wear resistance.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has studied the change (decrease) in the tan δ of the tread rubber in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, has a specific tan δ value, and the value after running reaches a utilization rate of 30% or more. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by using a rubber having a retention rate of 90% or more as a tread rubber, and the present invention has been completed.
[0008]
That is, the pneumatic tire for heavy load according to the present invention has a loss coefficient (tan δ) at 100 ° C. in the range of 0.05 to 0.25, and a loss coefficient (tan δ) after running that reaches a utilization rate of 30% or more. A rubber having a retention of 90% or more, wherein a rubber containing a solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene copolymer is used as a tread rubber as a rubber component of the rubber.
[0009]
As shown in FIG. 1, the loss factor (tan δ) of the conventional tread rubber decreases as the running distance increases, and the retention of the same value after running over 30% or more of the utilization rate decreases to about 70 to 80%. Therefore, in order to suppress uneven wear, which becomes a problem after the middle stage of traveling, the loss coefficient (tan δ) from the beginning of traveling must be set high. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress the rolling resistance from the beginning of traveling low. could not. On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the loss coefficient (tan δ) value after traveling a long distance is extremely small, so that the loss coefficient (tan δ) value at the beginning of traveling can be kept low. As a result, the rolling resistance can be reduced from the beginning, and the occurrence of uneven wear can be suppressed since the loss coefficient (tan δ) value is small even after the middle stage of traveling.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The pneumatic tire for heavy load according to the present invention has a loss coefficient (tan δ) value at 100 ° C. in the initial stage of traveling in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. If this value is less than 0.05, the uneven wear resistance is poor, while if it exceeds 0.25, the rolling resistance increases.
[0011]
In addition, the retention rate of the loss coefficient (tan δ) after running over the utilization rate of 30% or more is 90% or more. If the holding ratio is less than 90%, it is difficult to achieve both rolling resistance and uneven wear resistance.
Here, the utilization rate is a value obtained from the groove depth of the tread due to wear. For example, the utilization rate of 30% means that the tread groove depth is reduced by 30% and the remaining groove depth is reduced by 70% before traveling. Means that it is.
[0012]
In the rubber composition for a tire tread of the present invention, the rubber component contains 20 to 100% by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer having both terminal-modified solutions in order to maintain the above-mentioned holding ratio at 90% or more. preferable. Alternatively, the styrene-butadiene block copolymer may be contained in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight.
[0013]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that 30 to 60 parts by weight of carbon black such as HAF grade and SAF grade is contained with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component. When the amount is less than 30 parts by weight, the abrasion resistance is reduced. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 60 parts by weight, it becomes difficult to lower the rolling resistance.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the carbon black dispersant is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component. As such a dispersant, specifically, the following formula:
[0015]
In the rubber composition for a tread of a tire of the present invention, rubber components other than the above-mentioned styrene-butadiene rubber are not particularly limited, and the type of carbon black to be used is not limited. Furthermore, in such a rubber composition, in addition to the above components, an antioxidant usually used in a rubber composition, a wax, a compounding agent such as a vulcanization accelerator, a silane coupling agent used in a silica-containing rubber composition, A dispersant or the like can be appropriately compounded.
[0016]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[Examples and conventional examples]
Various rubber compositions were prepared according to the formulation (parts by weight) shown in Table 1 below. Using the obtained rubber composition as a tread rubber, a heavy duty pneumatic tire having a size of 295 / 75R22.5 was manufactured. The tan δ of the tire at the beginning of running, the tan δ after running over 30% of the utilization factor, the rolling resistance and the uneven wear resistance were measured. These measurement methods are described below.
[0017]
(B) Loss coefficient (tan δ)
Using a spectrometer manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., a test piece having a width of 4.7 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, and a length of 20 mm was measured at an initial load of 160 g, a frequency of 52 Hz, a dynamic strain of 1%, and a temperature of 100 ° C.
[0018]
(3) Rolling resistance performance The rolling resistance (RR) during rolling of the tire was measured by a drum test in which the tire was pressed against the drum and allowed to run. The measurement conditions were a speed of 80 km / h, a load of 2,725 kg, and an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. The index was indicated with the control tire as 100. The smaller the value, the smaller the rolling resistance and the better.
[0019]
(B) Uneven wear resistance Each test tire was mounted on a truck and traveled 100,000 miles. The area of the uneven wear portion was measured, and the reciprocal index was indicated with the control tire as 100. The larger the value, the better the uneven wear resistance.
The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.
[0020]
[Table 1]
2) Styrene content = 25% by weight, vinyl content = 23% by weight
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the pneumatic tire for heavy load according to the present invention, the tread rubber has a specific tan δ value, and the retention of the same value after running over 30% or more of the utilization rate is 90% or more. Thereby, it was possible to achieve both the rolling resistance and the uneven wear resistance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between a running distance and a tan δ value in a tire tread rubber.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13282596A JP3563529B2 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-04-30 | Heavy duty pneumatic tires |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13282596A JP3563529B2 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-04-30 | Heavy duty pneumatic tires |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09296077A JPH09296077A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| JP3563529B2 true JP3563529B2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
Family
ID=15090438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13282596A Expired - Lifetime JP3563529B2 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-04-30 | Heavy duty pneumatic tires |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3563529B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4369547B2 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2009-11-25 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Heavy duty pneumatic tire |
| JP2009107435A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-21 | Bridgestone Corp | Tire |
-
1996
- 1996-04-30 JP JP13282596A patent/JP3563529B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09296077A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0738613B1 (en) | Tire with cap-base construction tread | |
| JP3350291B2 (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread | |
| JP3628105B2 (en) | Rubber composition for tire | |
| US4166052A (en) | Pneumatic tire comprising polyisoprene rubber and alkali metal alginate in at least tread portion thereof adapted for travelling on frozen roads | |
| JPH0598078A (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread | |
| JP3938612B2 (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread and method for producing the same | |
| JP3563529B2 (en) | Heavy duty pneumatic tires | |
| JP2010090203A (en) | Tire tread rubber composition and tire | |
| JP3054047B2 (en) | Tread rubber composition for tire and method for producing the same | |
| JPH11209515A (en) | Pneumatic tire for heavy load | |
| JP3273981B2 (en) | Pneumatic radial tires for trucks and buses | |
| JPH07118453A (en) | Tire tread rubber composition | |
| KR100544526B1 (en) | Tread rubber composition for tire | |
| JP2675256B2 (en) | Tire tread rubber composition | |
| JP2000017116A (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread | |
| JP2006089636A (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread and pneumatic tire | |
| JPH1060175A (en) | Tread rubber composition for tire | |
| JP3410984B2 (en) | Rubber composition | |
| JPS60177041A (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread | |
| JP3552816B2 (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
| JPH04266502A (en) | Radial tire for car with anti-lock brake system | |
| JP2000185520A (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
| JPH1159124A (en) | Heavy load pneumatic tire | |
| JPH10158434A (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread | |
| KR100219941B1 (en) | Rubber composition for tire tread |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20031222 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20031225 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20040312 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20040510 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20040601 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20040603 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080611 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090611 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090611 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100611 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100611 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110611 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110611 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120611 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120611 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130611 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |