【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は耕耘作業を行う耕耘ロータリ作業機をトラクタによって牽引する耕耘装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、トラクタの後側に耕耘ロータリ作業機を昇降自在に装設し、このロータリ作業機によって耕耘作業を行うが、耕耘作業時のトラクタ走行速度を速くしてできるだけ早く作業を終了することが望まれていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記従来技術は、走行速度を早くすることにより耕耘作業能率を向上させることができるが、圃場の枕地でトラクタを方向転換時、減速させて旋回させた後で再び増速して次工程耕耘作業を開始する必要があり、作業機の昇降操作並びにハンドルの操向操作などに加えて前記増減速操作を行うことにより、トラクタ方向転換時の操作が非常に煩雑となり、方向転換を行う圃場枕地幅が大きくなり易い不具合があると共に、耕耘開始時に増速操作が遅れると、耕耘力が不足して耕深が不安定になる不具合がある。また、耕耘開始時に増速されることにより、所定耕深に到達するまでの走行距離が大きくなり、残耕を発生させ易い不具合があり、耕深が安定する走行距離の短縮並びに耕し始めの土の盛上り防止並びにダッシング防止などを容易に図り得ない等の問題があった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
然るに、本発明は、トラクタに作業機を昇降自在に装設させると共に、エンジンの回転を制御する出力調節部材を設け、前記作業機が作業状態にあるか否かを検出して出力調節部材のエンジン回転制御を自動的に行わせる耕耘装置において、耕耘ロータリ作業機が耕耘作業動作中であることを検出する作業センサと、作業機のロータリ爪の対地高さを検出するロータリ位置センサと、圃場枕地でトラクタを方向転換させるときのエンジン回転数を設定する設定器を設け、作業機の耕耘作業動作が作業センサによって検出されているとき、ロータリ位置センサによりロータリ爪が地上に脱出したことを検出したとき、設定器の設定値にエンジン回転数を下げる動作を行わせる一方、ロータリ位置センサによりロータリ爪が地面に突入する直前位置に降下したことを検出したとき、アクセルバー値にエンジン回転数を上げる動作を行わせると共に、作業機を支持するリフトアームに加圧バネを介して加圧シリンダを連結させ、作業機が土中突入高さに下降してエンジンが増速したときに作業機を土面に押付ける加圧シリンダ動作を自動的に行わせるもので、圃場枕地の耕耘作業の簡略化などを容易に行い得るものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図1は耕耘制御回路図、図2は全体の側面図、図3は同平面図、図4は耕耘ロータリ作業機部の側面図である。図中(1)はトラクタであり、エンジン(2)を内設させるボンネット(3)両側に左右の前走行輪(4)(4)を装設させ、前記ボンネット(3)後部に操向ハンドル(5)を設け、該ハンドル(5)後方に運転席(6)を設置させ、運転席(6)両側外方に左右の後走行輪(7)(7)を装設させると共に、運転席(6)前側のステップ(8)に左右ブレーキペダル(9)(9)及びクラッチペダル(10)を配設させ、作業者が運転席(6)に座乗して走行移動するように構成している。
【0008】
また、前記走行輪(4)(7)を駆動するミッションケース(11)にロワリンク(12)及びトップリンク(13)を介して耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を取付け、該作業機(14)をトラクタ(1)後側に昇降自在に装設させるもので、走行主変速レバー(15)と、前記作業機(14)を手動操作で昇降させるポジションコントロールレバー(16)と、前記作業機(14)を方向転換上昇位置及び耕耘作業下降位置にワンタッチ動作で昇降させる昇降スイッチ(17)を、運転席(6)の右側に配置させると共に、走行副変速レバー(18)と、前記作業機(14)への出力を変更させるPTO変速レバー(19)を、運転席(6)の左側に配置させる。
【0009】
さらに、図4乃至図7に示す如く、前記作業機(14)の中央にギアボックス(20)を配置し、トラクタ(1)のPTO軸(21)から動力を伝えると共に、前記ギアボックス(20)側面より両側方にビーム(22)を突出し、該ビーム(22)のそれぞれの中途部に支持プレート(23)を固設し、該支持プレート(23)の前端にはロワリンク(12)を連結させ、支持プレート(23)後端にはデプスフレーム(24)の前端を枢支し、該デプスフレーム(24)後端側に左右尾輪(25)(25)を設けている。
【0010】
前記ビーム(22)の外側端にチェーンケース(26)上部とサイドサポート(27)上部が固設され、該チェーンケース(26)下部とサイドサポート(27)下部の間に耕耘爪軸(28)が横架され、該耕耘爪軸(28)上にナタ爪よりなる多数のロータリ爪(29)…が側面視で放射状に植設されると共に、該ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡上方がロータリカバー(30)によって覆われ、両側はサイドカバー(31)によって覆われている。そして、該耕耘爪軸(28)はギアボックス(20)内のギア、ビーム(22)内の伝動軸、チェーンケース(26)内のスプロケット及びチェーンを介して駆動され、ロータリ爪(29)…が回転されることによって耕耘ができると共に、ハンドル(32)の回転操作によって耕耘爪軸(28)軸芯を中心にロータリカバー(30)を前後に回転させることができるようにしている。
【0011】
そして、前記ビーム(22)に固定するプレート(33)を前方に突設させ、該プレート(33)前端に支持杆(34)が横架され、該支持杆(34)に取付プレート(35)が固定され、該取付プレート(35)に切断刃(36)の上部が固定されている。なお、切断刃(36)を左右幅方向でロワーリンク(12)より機外側方に4本装着すると共に、切断刃(36)の中間部は後方に湾曲させ、前後に傾斜させる切断刃(36)の直線形下部を前記ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の前部内に後傾形に臨ませている。つまり、側面視において切断刃(36)の下部がロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の前部でオーバーラップするように配置させると共に、切断刃(36)とロータリ爪(29)の間隔は狭くして残耕ができないようにしている。但し、外側2本の切断刃(36)(36)はロータリ爪(29)と増幅ロータリ爪(37)の間に設ける。また、切断刃(36)の後面とロータリカバー(30)の間には仕切板(38)が配設されている。即ち、該仕切板(38)は切断刃(36)の背面に固設されており、仕切板(38)をロータリカバー(30)に接近させて、藁や雑草等が入り込み絡み付かないようにしている。また、仕切板(38)は三角形状に構成されて、上部の辺はロータリカバー(30)の内側の形状に合わせ、前部の辺は切断刃(36)の後面の形状に合わせて密着して固定できるようにし、後部の辺は円弧状として藁等を下方へ導く形状としている。そして、仕切板(38)の幅(板厚)は切断刃(36)の幅より狭くして、藁や雑草等が絡みつかないようにしている。
【0012】
さらに、ロータリ爪(29)上側のロータリカバー(30)後端に第1支点軸(39)を介して鋼板製第1リヤカバー(40)を上下方向に揺動自在に連結させ、第1リヤカバー(40)後端にゴム製第2リヤカバー(41)前端を固定させ、下方に均し空間(42)を形成する第2リヤカバー(41)後端に鋼板製第3リヤカバー(43)前端を固定させると共に、第1リヤカバー(40)後端部の第2支点軸(44)と第3リヤカバー(43)前端部の第3支点軸(45)を左右一対のリンク(46)(46)によって連結させ、第3支点軸(45)と略同軸上に第4支点軸(47)を設け、第4支点軸(47)に第1吊下ロッド(48)下端を連結させ、第3リヤカバー(43)後端部の第5支点軸(49)に左右一対の第2吊下ロッド(50)下端を連結させ、第1リヤカバー(40)の支持体(51)に第1及び第2吊下ロッド(48)(50)上端側を昇降自在に取付け、各吊下ロッド(48)(50)と第3リヤカバー(43)によって側面視三角形を形成させ、また第2及び第3及び第5支点軸(44)(45)(49)を結ぶ線によって側面視三角形を形成させたもので、第2支点軸(44)または第3支点軸(45)を中心に第3リヤカバー(43)を上方移動させ、第2支点軸(44)及び支持体(51)の吊下ロッド(48)(50)連結部を支点とした両てこ機構の動作によって第3リヤカバー(43)を後上方に移動させ、第3リヤカバー(43)両側部が平面視で前後移動するフローティング動作を行わせる。また、第5支点軸(49)と第1リヤカバー(40)の支持体(51)間に左右一対のガスダンパ(52)を連結させたもので、大きな初期荷重で小さなバネ定数が得られかつストロークも大きく形成できるガスダンパ(52)によって第3リヤカバー(43)を支持させ、トラクタ(1)が左右に傾いても第3リヤカバー(43)の左右均等な加圧によって耕耘面を均すことができるように構成している。
【0013】
また、前記吊下ロッド(48)(50)上端側を支持体(51)…の軸受体(53)…に遊嵌挿入させ、軸受体(53)…の上面側に当接するピン(54)…を前記ロッド(48)(50)に植設させ、前記ロッド(48)(50)の下方抜出しを防ぎ、第3リヤカバー(43)の前方移動を制限すると共に、スプリング(55)(55)を巻装させた左右一対のロッド(56)(56)下端を第1リヤカバー(40)上面に連結させ、前記ロッド(56)上端側をロータリカバー(30)の支持体(57)に摺動自在に取付け、第1リヤカバー(40)をスプリング(55)によって下方に弾圧するように構成している。
【0014】
また、前記第3リヤカバー(43)上面にレーキ支持体(58)を着脱自在に固定させ、該支持体(58)に固定させるレーキ(59)を第3リヤカバー(43)後方に延出させると共に、図6に示す如く、第2吊下ロッド(50)上端側を取付ける支持体(51)の軸(60)に前記ガスダンパ(52)上端を連結させ、第2吊下ロッド(50)とガスダンパ(52)を可及的に接近させて略平行に設けると共に、前記デプスフレーム(24)後端に支持フレーム(61)を介して左右一対の尾輪(25)(25)を取付け、左右尾輪(25)(25)間に前記レーキ(59)を配設させるもので、枕地方向転換時に畦などにレーキ(59)が衝突するのを前記尾輪(25)によって防止すると共に、路上走行または上方に持上げての保守作業などにおいてレーキ(59)左右外側のバンパとして尾輪(25)を兼用させるように構成している。
【0015】
さらに、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡上端と略同じ高さまたはそれ以上に高い位置に第1支点軸(39)を取付け、耕耘作業時に第1支点軸(39)を中心にリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)が上昇することにより、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡後方でリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)下方に大きな面積の均し空間(42)が形成され、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)によって前方に押す土がロータリ爪(29)の土跳ね上げ部に至るのを防止し、高速走行での耕耘作業によるロータリ爪(29)の耕耘負荷増加を防止するもので、耕耘作業時、ロータリ爪(29)が地上に抜出する地点を中心とする半径の円弧線上に、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)が耕土によって持上げられて配置され、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の面積の約50パーセント以上の大きさの均し空間(42)をロータリ爪(29)回転軌跡後側とリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)の間に形成させ、細かい土石または軽い土石など小形物がロータリ爪(29)によってロータリカバー(40)(41)下面の高位置に飛散され、大きい土石または重い土石または切り株(稲株)など大形物がロータリ爪(29)によって低い位置に飛散され、ロータリ爪(29)の飛散による比重分離作用によって小形物が上層となり、また大形物が下層となり、上層の小形物がリヤカバー(41)(43)によって均平にされ、後方のレーキ(59)によって大形物がさらに下方に押下げられる。従って、大形物によって培土内部の通気性及び通水性が良好に保たれると共に、播種または苗移植に適した状態に培土表層部が小形物によって形成される。
【0016】
さらに、前記耕耘爪軸(28)を中心に同一円周上に90度の間隔で4本のロータリ爪(29)…を取付け、各ロータリ爪(29)先端側を左右方向に向けて交互に湾曲させ、4本1列のロータリ爪(29)…を耕耘爪軸(28)軸芯線方向に複数列設けるもので、左右方向に隣接させるロータリ爪(29)(29)の先端間に間隙を設け、ロータリ爪(29)の左右側方湾曲幅を先端間隙の約2倍の大きさとし、左右方向のロータリ爪(29)(29)基端間隔が先端間隙の約5倍の大きさになるようにロータリ爪(29)を形成している。また、前記ロータリ爪(29)は土を切取った後に掬取る形状に湾曲させ、ロータリ爪(29)の弾力変形の戻り力によって左右ロータリ爪(29)(29)先端間隙の残耕を破砕させる構造としたもので、従来のロータリ爪取付け本数の約70パーセントの本数のロータリ爪(29)…を取付け、ロータリ爪(29)の回転速度を従来の回転速度(1分間に約200〜400回転)と略同一とし、トラクタ(1)の走行速度を従来の走行速度(1秒間に約0.5メートル)の約2倍とし、従来に比べて耕耘負荷を増大させることなく、作業能率を約2倍にして耕耘作業を行えるように構成している。また、前記ロータリ爪(29)の土中突入地点に対し側面視で重複する位置で前記切断刃(36)を土中に突入させ、切断刃(36)の土中突入部を後方傾斜支持させ、かつ切断刃(36)の左右両面を幅を有する偏平面で形成し、牽引により切断刃(36)が土中に進入する下向きの力と、切開される土が復元力によって切断刃(36)側面に圧接する力が、切断刃(36)の抜出し抵抗力として発生し、ロータリ爪(29)の土中突入抵抗の反力と略等しいか若干大きい切断刃(36)の抜出し抵抗力により、土中突入抵抗の反力によって耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)全体が上方に持上げられるのを防ぎ、ロータリ爪(29)が土中突入によって発生する衝撃を緩和させるように構成している。なお、耕耘爪軸(28)後方側では、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)の均平力の反力(持上げ力)に対向してロータリ爪(29)抜出し力の反力が発生し、各反力の均衡によって姿勢が安定する。
【0017】
さらに、図1に示す如く、PTO変速レバー(19)の耕耘作業操作などにより耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)が耕耘作業動作中であることを検出する作業センサ(62)と、前記昇降スイッチ(17)と、エンジン(2)の回転数を増減させる電子ガバナ(63)のソレノイド等を作動させる電子ガバナコントローラ(64)と、ミッションケース(11)の無段変速機構(65)を作動させる走行変速回路(66)と、ロワリンク(12)を上下動させて耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降させる油圧昇降シリンダ(67)の昇降バルブ(68)を作動させる上昇ソレノイド(681)及び下降ソレノイド(682)を、マイクロコンピュータで構成するコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、電子ガバナ(63)制御によりエンジン(2)の回転数を変更させ、また走行変速回路(66)により走行速度を変更させ、また昇降バルブ(68)制御により作業機(14)支持高さを変更させるように構成している。
【0018】
さらに、図8に示す如く、第1支点軸(39)を中心に上下に回転する第1リヤカバー(40)動作を検出するポテンショメータまたはリミットスイッチ等のリヤカバーセンサ(70)をロータリカバー(30)上面に設け、図1のようにリヤカバーセンサ(70)をコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の昇降自在なリヤカバー(40)の非耕耘作業位置への下降を検出する前記センサ(70)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図16のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際にトラクタ(1)が到達して作業機(14)上昇操作を行うと、リヤカバーセンサ(70)の入力によりリヤカバー(40)が最下降位置に下降し、前記作業機(14)が地上の非作業位置に持上げられたことを検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を上昇させる操作を行うことにより、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇をリヤカバー(40)の下降によってセンサ(70)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)下降操作を行うと、昇降スイッチ(17)下げ操作入力等により前記作業機(14)の下降を検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われるように構成している。
【0019】
さらに、図9、図10に示す如く、前記ロワリンク(12)を油圧力によって上下させるリフトアーム(71)と、該アーム(71)の上昇または下降動作をフィードバックして油圧供給を中止させるフィードバックリンク機構(72)と、リフトアーム(71)の上昇及び下降動作をフィードバックリンク機構(72)を介して検出するリフトアーム上げセンサ(73)及びリフトアーム下げセンサ(74)を設け、各センサ(73)(74)をコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降させるリフトアーム(71)の非耕耘作業位置への上昇を検出する前記センサ(73)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図17のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際にトラクタ(1)が到達して作業機(14)上昇操作を行うと、リフトアーム上げセンサ(73)入力によりリフトアーム(71)が上昇して前記作業機(14)が地上の非作業位置に持上げられたことを検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を上昇させる操作を行うことにより、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を地上に持上げるリフトアーム(71)の上昇動作をセンサ(73)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)下降操作を行うと、リフトアーム下げセンサ(74)入力により前記作業機(14)の下降を検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われるように構成している。
【0020】
さらに、図11、図12、図13に示す如く、前走行輪(4)を装設させるフロントアクスルケース(75)に油圧ステアリングシリンダ(76)を設け、前走行輪(4)を方向転換させるタイロッド(77)を前記シリンダ(76)のピストン(78)に連結させ、また前走行輪(4)の方向転換角を検出する切れ角検出ロッド(79)を前記ケース(75)に設け、ハンドル(5)を回転させてシリンダ(76)を作動させることにより、ピストン(78)が退入して枕地方向転換のためのトラクタ(1)の所定以上の旋回角度でタイロッド(77)がプレート(80)に当接して切れ角検出ロッド(79)を摺動させ、該ロッド(79)の溝部(81)の鋼球(82)(82)が押上げられてステアリングセンサ(83)が枕地方向転換に必要な旋回角度であることを検出する一方、切れ角検出ロッド(79)の直進位置復帰によって鋼球(82)が溝部(81)に戻ることによってトラクタ(1)方向転換が終了したことをステアリングセンサ(83)が検出する構造であり、前記ステアリングセンサ(83)をコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、操向ハンドル(5)操作により耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の耕耘作業中止状態を検出する前記センサ(83)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図18のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際にトラクタ(1)が到達して操向ハンドル(5)旋回操作を行うと、前走行輪(4)が耕耘作業時以上に大きく方向転換されたことを検出するステアリングセンサ(83)入力により、ハンドル(5)操向角度が所定以上で方向転換を行うことを検出したとき、昇降スイッチ(17)上げ操作により前記作業機(14)が地上の非作業位置に持上げられた状態となり、電子ガハナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに操向ハンドル(5)によって旋回操作を行うことにより、操向ハンドル(5)の旋回操作によって耕耘作業の中止をセンサ(83)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)を下降操作し操向ハンドル(5)を直進操作すると、ステアリングセンサ(83)入力により前記作業機(14)を着地させるトラクタ(1)の直進移動が検出され、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われるように構成している。
【0021】
さらに、図14に示す如く、左右ブレーキペダル(9)(9)の踏込み操作を夫々検出する左右ブレーキセンサ(84)(84)を設け、該センサ(84)(84)をコントローラ(69)に接続させ、圃場枕地で方向転換時、旋回内側のブレーキペダル(9)操作による旋回内側の後走行輪(7)の制動を前記センサ(84)によって検出するもので、トラクタ(1)に耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、ブレーキペダル(9)操作により耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の耕耘作業中止状態を検出する前記センサ(84)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図19のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際に到達して左右いずれか一方の旋回内側のブレーキペダル(9)を踏んで旋回操作すると、左右ブレーキセンサ(84)(84)入力により、左右ブレーキセンサ(84)(84)の一方がオンになって耕耘作業中止及び方向転換開始を検出したとき、昇降スイッチ(17)上げ操作により前記作業機(14)が地上の非作業位置に持上げられた状態となり、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに左右ブレーキペダル(9)(9)のいずれか旋回内側のブレーキペダル(9)操作を行うことにより、旋回内側の走行制動を行う旋回内側のブレーキペダル(9)操作によって耕耘作業の中止をセンサ(84)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)を下降操作して直進を再開すると、ブレーキセンサ(84)のブレーキ解除入力により前記作業機(14)の下降により直進を再開して耕耘作業を行うことを検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われるように構成している。
【0022】
さらに、図1に示す如く、前記耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)による耕耘作業中に比べて該作業機(14)を持上げて耕耘作業を中止したときにエンジン(2)回転数が負荷減少により増速されることを検出する回転センサ(85)を設け、該センサ(85)をコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、トラクタに耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、エンジン(2)出力変化により耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の耕耘作業中止状態を検出するセンサ(85)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図20のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際にトラクタ(1)が到達して作業機(14)上昇操作を行うと、回転センサ(85)入力により昇降スイッチ(17)上げ操作で前記作業機(14)が地上の非作業位置に持上げられてエンジン(2)出力が増大したことを検出し、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を上昇させて耕耘作業を中止する操作を行うことにより、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によるエンジン(2)出力の変化をセンサ(85)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)を下降操作を行うと、昇降スイッチ(17)による前記作業機(14)の下降操作を検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われるように構成している。
【0023】
さらに、図1に示す如く、前記耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)に取付けて該作業機(14)の未耕地面に対する支持高さを検出する超音波センサ(86)を設け、耕深センサを兼用する前記超音波センサ(86)をコントローラ(69)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させる耕耘装置において、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の対地高さにより耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の耕耘作業中止状態を検出する前記センサ(86)の検出結果に基づきトラクタ(1)走行速度を減速させる切換手段であるコントローラ(69)を設けている。そして、図21のフローチャートに示す如く、畦際にトラクタ(1)が到達して作業機(14)上昇操作を行うと、超音波センサ(86)入力により前記作業機(14)が耕深自動調節範囲よりも高い地上の非作業位置に持上げられたことを検出し、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が低下して走行速度が減速されるもので、圃場枕地にトラクタ(1)が到達したときに耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を上昇させる操作を行うことにより、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の対地高さによって耕耘作業の中止をセンサ(86)が検出し、コントローラ(69)によってトラクタ(1)走行速度を自動的に減速させ、往復走行により耕耘作業を行う圃場枕地での方向転換時、方向転換毎に略同一タイミングでトラクタ(1)走行速度が減速され、従来と同様のトラクタ(1)方向転換操作だけで略同一幅の枕地が形成される。一方、圃場枕地でのトラクタ(1)の方向転換を終了して作業機(14)下降操作を行うと、超音波センサ(86)入力により前記作業機(14)の下降を検出したとき、電子ガバナコントローラ(64)のエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作により、エンジン(2)回転が増大して走行速度が増速復帰され、高速走行で耕耘作業が行われると共に、耕耘作業時、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)の未耕地面に対する高さが超音波センサ(86)から入力され、ロータリ爪(29)の耕深は適正範囲であるか否かを判断し、耕深が適正範囲外に変化したとき、超音波センサ(86)の検出結果に基づき、昇降バルブ(68)の耕深自動調節動作により昇降シリンダ(67)を自動制御し、ロータリ爪(29)の耕深を略一定に保つもので、走行速度の切換と耕深調節の各自動制御を超音波センサ(86)を兼用して行うように構成している。
【0024】
さらに、前記各センサ(70)(73)(74)(83)(84)(85)(86)の検出結果に基づき走行変速回路(66)を増減速動作させて無段変速機構(65)を自動制御し、上記実施例と同様に、耕耘作業から方向転換動作に移行するときに走行速度を減速し、方向転換動作から耕耘作業に移行するときに走行速度を増速させることも行えると共に、リヤカバーセンサ(70)をポテンショメータ型構造にし、該リヤカバーセンサ(70)の検出結果に基づき昇降バルブ(68)を耕深自動調節動作させ、昇降シリンダ(67)の自動制御によってロータリ爪(29)の耕深を略一定に保つ耕深調節にリヤカバーセンサ(70)を兼用することも行える。
【0025】
さらに、図1、図15に示す如く、油圧伸縮シリンダ(87)及びピストンロッド(88)によって前記トップリンク(13)を伸縮自在に形成し、ピストンロッド(88)の出入によりトップリンク(13)長さを変化させ、ロワリンク(12)後端を作業機(14)の支持プレート(23)に連結させるリンクピン(89)回りに作業機(14)を回転させ、ロータリ爪(29)支持高さを変更すると共に、前記リフトアーム(71)に加圧バネ(90)を介して油圧加圧シリンダ(91)を連結させ、加圧シリンダ(91)縮少動作によって加圧バネ(90)力が大きくなり、昇降バルブ(68)を下降側に切換えることにより、作業機(14)を自重降下力と加圧バネ(90)力によって下降させるように構成している。
【0026】
また、前記作業機(14)を昇降させるポジションコントロールレバー(16)操作を検出するリミットスイッチ型の上昇操作センサ(92)及び下降操作センサ(93)と、前記リフトアーム(71)の作業機(14)昇降動作によりロータリ爪(29)の対地高さを検出するポテンショメータ型ロータリ位置センサ(94)と、圃場枕地でトラクタ(1)を方向転換させるときのエンジン(2)回転数を手動で初期設定する可変抵抗型方向転換回転数設定器(95)と、前記加圧バネ(90)力を増減させる加圧シリンダ(91)の加圧バルブ(96)を作動させる加圧ソレノイド(97)及び解除ソレノイド(98)と、前記トップリンク(13)を伸縮させる伸縮シリンダ(87)の伸縮バルブ(99)を作動させる伸長ソレノイド(100)及び縮少ソレノイド(101)を、前記耕耘コントローラ(69)に接続させている。
【0027】
このように、トラクタ(1)に作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させると共に、エンジン(2)の回転を制御する出力調節部材である電子ガバナ(63)を設ける耕耘装置において、前記作業機(14)が土中突入支持高さに下降したときに増速させる電子ガバナ(63)のエンジン(2)回転制御を自動的に行わせる耕耘コントローラ(69)を設け、耕耘開始直前でエンジン(2)を自動的に増速させると共に、作業機(14)を強制的に下降させる加圧部材である加圧シリンダ(91)を設け、作業機(14)が土中突入高さに下降してエンジン(2)が増速したときに作業機(14)を土面に押付ける加圧シリンダ(91)動作を自動的に行わせる、またロワリンク(12)と共に作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持するトップリンク(13)を伸縮部材である伸縮シリンダ(87)により伸縮自在に形成し、作業機(14)が土中突入高さに下降してエンジン(2)が増速したときに作業機(14)を土面に押付ける伸縮シリンダ(87)動作を自動的に行わせるように構成している。
【0028】
そして、図22のフローチャートに示す如く、前記作業機(14)の耕耘作業動作が作業センサ(62)によって検出されているとき、ポジションコントロールレバー(16)または昇降スイッチ(17)の操作が行われ、作業機(14)上昇操作が検出されると、ロータリ位置センサ(94)入力によりロータリ爪(29)の地上脱出を検出し、ロータリ爪(29)が地上に脱出したとき、方向転換回転数設定器(95)の設定値にエンジン(2)回転数を下げる動作を電子ガバナ(63)によって行わせ、圃場条件に合った前記設定値の低回転でエンジン(2)を作動させ、圃場枕地での方向転換を行わせる一方、作業機(14)下降操作が検出されると、ロータリ位置センサ(94)入力によりロータリ爪(29)の地面突入を検出し、ロータリ爪(29)が地面に突入する直前位置に下降したとき、図2に示すアクセルレバー(102)の調節値にエンジン(2)回転数を上げる動作を電子ガバナ(63)によって行わせ、圃場枕地での方向転換後にエンジン(2)を増速させてロータリ爪(29)を再び土中に突入させる。また、前記加圧シリンダ(91)によって加圧バネ(90)力を増大させる加圧力上げ動作と、前記伸縮シリンダ(87)のトップリンク(13)伸張動作が、前記ロータリ爪(29)土中再突入時の増速動作後に自動的に行われ、リヤカバーセンサ(70)によって検出する所定耕深位置にロータリ爪(29)を突入させると共に、前記ロータリ爪(29)が所定耕深位置に到達するのに必要な所定時間が経過すると、前記加圧バネ(90)力を減少させる加圧シリンダ(91)の加圧力下げ動作と、伸縮シリンダ(87)のトップリンク(13)縮少動作が、ロータリ爪(29)の耕深を略一定に保ち乍ら行われる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように本発明は、トラクタ(1)に作業機(14)を昇降自在に装設させると共に、エンジン(2)の回転を制御する出力調節部材(63)を設け、前記作業機(14)が作業状態にあるか否かを検出して出力調節部材(63)のエンジン(2)回転制御を自動的に行わせる耕耘装置において、耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)が耕耘作業動作中であることを検出する作業センサ(62)と、作業機(14)のロータリ爪(29)の対地高さを検出するロータリ位置センサ(94)と、圃場枕地でトラクタ(1)を方向転換させるときのエンジン(2)回転数を設定する設定器(95)を設け、作業機(14)の耕耘作業動作が作業センサ(62)によって検出されているとき、ロータリ位置センサ(94)によりロータリ爪(29)が地上に脱出したことを検出したとき、設定器(95)の設定値にエンジン(2)回転数を下げる動作を行わせる一方、ロータリ位置センサ(94)によりロータリ爪(29)が地面に突入する直前位置に降下したことを検出したとき、アクセルバー(102)値にエンジン(2)回転数を上げる動作を行わせると共に、作業機(14)を支持するリフトアーム(71)に加圧バネ(90)を介して加圧シリンダ(91)を連結させ、作業機(14)が土中突入高さに下降してエンジン(2)が増速したときに作業機(14)を土面に押付ける加圧シリンダ(91)動作を自動的に行わせるもので、作業機(14)を下降させて耕耘作業を開始時に耕深が安定するまでの走行距離を短縮でき、また後方未耕地上面に耕土を飛散させる耕し始めの土の盛上りを減少させることができると共に、耕耘力がトラクタ(1)の前進走行力として作用するダッシングを防止でき、圃場枕地の耕耘作業の簡略化などを容易に行い得るものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】耕耘制御回路図。
【図2】全体の側面図。
【図3】同平面図。
【図4】耕耘ロータリ作業機の側面図。
【図5】ロータリ爪部の側面図。
【図6】リヤカバーの平面図。
【図7】ロータリ爪部の背面図。
【図8】リヤカバーセンサ部の側面図。
【図9】リフトアーム部の側面図。
【図10】同平面図。
【図11】ステアリングセンサ部の平面図。
【図12】同側面図。
【図13】同拡大図。
【図14】ブレーキセンサ部の側面図。
【図15】作業機昇降油圧回路図。
【図16】走行速度制御フローチャート。
【図17】同フローチャート。
【図18】同フローチャート。
【図19】同フローチャート。
【図20】同フローチャート。
【図21】同フローチャート。
【図22】耕耘作業開始制御フローチャート。
【符号の説明】
(1) トラクタ
(2) エンジン
(12) ロワリンク
(13) トップリンク
(14) 耕耘ロータリ作業機
(63) 電子ガバナ(出力調節部材)
(69) 耕耘コントローラ
(87) 伸縮シリンダ(伸縮部材)
(91) 加圧シリンダ(加圧部材)[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tilling device that pulls a tilling rotary working machine that performs tilling work by a tractor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a tilling rotary work machine is mounted on the rear side of the tractor so as to be able to move up and down freely, and cultivation work is performed by this rotary work machine.It is desirable that the tractor travel speed during tilling work be increased and the work completed as soon as possible. Had been rare.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional technique can improve the tillage work efficiency by increasing the traveling speed. However, when turning the tractor on a headland in a field, the tractor is decelerated and turned, and then accelerated again to increase the speed in the next step. It is necessary to start the work, and by performing the acceleration / deceleration operation in addition to the lifting / lowering operation of the working machine and the steering operation of the handle, the operation at the time of changing the direction of the tractor becomes very complicated, and the field pillow for performing the direction change In addition to the problem that the land width tends to be large, there is a problem that if the speed increasing operation is delayed at the start of tilling, the tilling force becomes insufficient and the tilling depth becomes unstable. In addition, by increasing the speed at the start of tilling, the mileage to reach the predetermined tilling depth increases, and there is a problem that the remaining tilling is easily generated. There is a problem that it is not easy to prevent the rise of the swelling and the dashing.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present invention provides a tractor with a work machine mounted on the tractor so as to be able to move up and down, and an output adjustment member for controlling the rotation of the engine, and detects whether or not the work machine is in a work state to detect the output adjustment member. In a tillage device that automatically performs engine rotation control, a work sensor that detects that a tillable rotary work machine is performing a tillage work operation, a rotary position sensor that detects a height of a rotary claw of the work machine above the ground, and a field A setting device that sets the engine speed when turning the tractor on the headland is provided, and when the plowing operation of the work machine is detected by the work sensor, the rotary position sensor detects that the rotary claw has escaped to the ground. When detected, the set value of the setting device is caused to perform an operation of lowering the engine speed, while the rotary position sensor detects the position immediately before the rotary claw enters the ground. When it is detected that has dropped, to perform an operation to raise the engine speed to the accelerator bar value At the same time, a pressurizing cylinder is connected to a lift arm that supports the working machine via a pressurizing spring, and when the working machine descends to the underground entry height and the engine speed increases, the working machine is pressed against the soil surface. Pressurizing cylinder operation is performed automatically. The simplification of the tillage work of the headland on the field can be easily performed.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a tillage control circuit diagram, FIG. 2 is a side view of the entirety, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 4 is a side view of a tillage rotary working machine. In the figure, reference numeral (1) denotes a tractor, which is provided with left and right front running wheels (4) and (4) on both sides of a hood (3) in which an engine (2) is installed, and a steering handle at the rear of the hood (3). (5), a driver's seat (6) is installed behind the steering wheel (5), left and right rear running wheels (7) and (7) are installed on both sides of the driver's seat (6). (6) Left and right brake pedals (9) and (9) and a clutch pedal (10) are provided in the front step (8) so that the worker can travel while sitting on the driver's seat (6). ing.
[0008]
A tillage rotary work machine (14) is attached to a transmission case (11) for driving the running wheels (4) and (7) via a lower link (12) and a top link (13), and the work machine (14) is mounted. The tractor (1) is mounted on the rear side so as to be able to ascend and descend freely, and includes a traveling main speed change lever (15), a position control lever (16) for elevating and lowering the work implement (14) by manual operation, and ) Is arranged on the right side of the driver's seat (6), and a traveling auxiliary transmission lever (18) and the work machine (14) are arranged on the right side of the driver's seat (6). The PTO speed change lever (19) for changing the output to the driver seat (6) is arranged on the left side of the driver's seat (6).
[0009]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, a gearbox (20) is arranged at the center of the work machine (14) to transmit power from the PTO shaft (21) of the tractor (1) and to transmit the power to the gearbox (20). ) Beams (22) protrude from both sides from the side surface, and support plates (23) are fixedly provided in the middle of each of the beams (22), and lower links (12) are connected to the front ends of the support plates (23). The front end of the depth frame (24) is pivotally supported at the rear end of the support plate (23), and right and left tail wheels (25) and (25) are provided at the rear end side of the depth frame (24).
[0010]
An upper part of the chain case (26) and an upper part of the side support (27) are fixed to the outer end of the beam (22), and a tilling claw shaft (28) is disposed between the lower part of the chain case (26) and the lower part of the side support (27). A large number of rotary claws (29)... Composed of nata claws are radially implanted on the tilling claw shaft (28) in a side view, and a rotary cover (above the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw (29)). 30), and both sides are covered by side covers (31). The cultivating claw shaft (28) is driven via a gear in the gear box (20), a transmission shaft in the beam (22), a sprocket and a chain in the chain case (26), and a rotary claw (29) ... The rotary cover (30) can be rotated back and forth around the axis of the tilling claw shaft (28) by rotating the handle (32) by rotating the handle (32).
[0011]
Then, a plate (33) fixed to the beam (22) is projected forward, and a support rod (34) is laid on the front end of the plate (33), and a mounting plate (35) is mounted on the support rod (34). Is fixed, and the upper portion of the cutting blade (36) is fixed to the mounting plate (35). In addition, four cutting blades (36) are attached to the outer side of the lower link (12) in the left-right width direction, and the middle part of the cutting blade (36) is curved backward and inclined forward and backward. The lower part of the linear shape of ()) faces backward in the front part of the rotation locus of the rotary claw (29). That is, in a side view, the lower portion of the cutting blade (36) is disposed so as to overlap the front of the rotation locus of the rotary claw (29), and the interval between the cutting blade (36) and the rotary claw (29) is reduced. To prevent the remaining tillage. However, the two outer cutting blades (36) (36) are provided between the rotary claw (29) and the amplification rotary claw (37). A partition plate (38) is provided between the rear surface of the cutting blade (36) and the rotary cover (30). That is, the partition plate (38) is fixed to the back surface of the cutting blade (36), and the partition plate (38) is brought close to the rotary cover (30) so that straw, weeds and the like do not enter and become entangled. ing. Further, the partition plate (38) is formed in a triangular shape, and the upper side is closely fitted to the shape inside the rotary cover (30), and the front side is closely fitted to the shape of the rear surface of the cutting blade (36). The rear side is shaped like an arc to guide straw or the like downward. The width (thickness) of the partition plate (38) is made smaller than the width of the cutting blade (36) so that straw, weeds, and the like are not entangled.
[0012]
Further, the first rear cover (40) made of a steel plate is connected to the rear end of the rotary cover (30) on the upper side of the rotary pawl (29) via a first fulcrum shaft (39) so as to be vertically swingable. 40) The front end of the second rubber rear cover (41) is fixed to the rear end, and the front end of the third steel plate rear cover (43) is fixed to the rear end of the second rear cover (41) forming the leveling space (42) downward. At the same time, the second fulcrum shaft (44) at the rear end of the first rear cover (40) and the third fulcrum shaft (45) at the front end of the third rear cover (43) are connected by a pair of left and right links (46) (46). A fourth fulcrum shaft (47) is provided substantially coaxially with the third fulcrum shaft (45), the lower end of the first suspension rod (48) is connected to the fourth fulcrum shaft (47), and the third rear cover (43) A pair of left and right second suspension locks is attached to the fifth fulcrum shaft (49) at the rear end. (50) The lower ends are connected, and the upper ends of the first and second suspension rods (48) and (50) are attached to the support (51) of the first rear cover (40) so as to be able to move up and down. (50) and a third rear cover (43) to form a triangle in side view, and a line connecting the second, third and fifth fulcrum axes (44), (45) and (49) to form a triangle in side view. Then, the third rear cover (43) is moved upward about the second fulcrum shaft (44) or the third fulcrum shaft (45), and the suspension rod (48) of the second fulcrum shaft (44) and the support (51) is moved. (50) The third rear cover (43) is moved rearward and upward by the operation of the double lever mechanism with the connecting portion as a fulcrum, and a floating operation is performed in which both sides of the third rear cover (43) move back and forth in plan view. Further, a pair of left and right gas dampers (52) is connected between the fifth fulcrum shaft (49) and the support (51) of the first rear cover (40), so that a small spring constant can be obtained with a large initial load and the stroke can be reduced. The third rear cover (43) is supported by the gas damper (52) which can be formed large, and even if the tractor (1) is inclined left and right, the tilling surface can be leveled by pressing the third rear cover (43) right and left equally. It is configured as follows.
[0013]
Also, the upper end of the suspension rod (48) (50) is loosely inserted into the bearing (53) of the support (51) so that the pin (54) comes into contact with the upper surface of the bearing (53). . Are implanted in the rods (48) and (50) to prevent the rods (48) and (50) from being pulled out downward, restrict the forward movement of the third rear cover (43), and use the springs (55) and (55). The lower ends of a pair of right and left rods (56) and (56) around which are wound are connected to the upper surface of the first rear cover (40), and the upper end of the rod (56) slides on the support (57) of the rotary cover (30). The first rear cover (40) is freely mounted, and is configured to be elastically pressed downward by a spring (55).
[0014]
A rake support (58) is detachably fixed to the upper surface of the third rear cover (43), and a rake (59) fixed to the support (58) is extended rearward of the third rear cover (43). As shown in FIG. 6, the upper end of the gas damper (52) is connected to the shaft (60) of the support (51) to which the upper end side of the second suspension rod (50) is attached, and the second suspension rod (50) and the gas damper are connected. A pair of tail wheels (25) and (25) are attached to the rear end of the depth frame (24) via a support frame (61), and a pair of left and right tail wheels (25) and (25) are attached. The rake (59) is disposed between the wheels (25) and (25). The tail wheel (25) prevents the rake (59) from colliding with a ridge or the like at the time of headland turning, and also on the road. Maintenance while traveling or lifting up It is configured to also serve the tail wheel (25) works in such as a bumper of the rake (59) left and right outer.
[0015]
Further, the first fulcrum shaft (39) is attached at a position substantially equal to or higher than the upper end of the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw (29), and the rear cover (40) around the first fulcrum shaft (39) during tilling work. As the (41) and (43) rise, a leveling space (42) having a large area is formed below the rear covers (40), (41) and (43) behind the rotation locus of the rotary pawl (29), and the rear cover (40) is formed. (41) (41) and (43) which prevent the soil pushed forward from reaching the soil jumping portion of the rotary claw (29), and prevent the increase in the tilling load of the rotary claw (29) due to the tilling work at a high speed. At the time of tilling work, the rear covers (40), (41), (43) are lifted and arranged by the cultivated soil on an arc line having a radius centered on a point where the rotary claw (29) is pulled out to the ground. 29) A leveling space (42) having a size of about 50% or more of the area of the rolling locus is formed between the rear side of the rotary pawl (29) and the rear covers (40), (41) and (43), and fine soil or light soil is formed. Small objects such as debris are scattered to a high position on the lower surface of the rotary covers (40) and (41) by the rotary claws (29), and large objects such as large debris or heavy debris or stumps (rice plants) are lowered by the rotary claws (29). The small object becomes an upper layer and the large object becomes a lower layer by the specific gravity separating action by the scattering of the rotary claws (29), and the small object of the upper layer is leveled by the rear covers (41) and (43). The large object is pushed further downward by the rake (59). Accordingly, the large-sized material maintains good air permeability and water permeability inside the cultivated soil, and the cultivated soil surface layer is formed by the small-sized material in a state suitable for sowing or seedling transplantation.
[0016]
Furthermore, four rotary claws (29) are attached at 90 ° intervals on the same circumference around the cultivating claw shaft (28), and the tips of the rotary claws (29) are alternately turned to the left and right. Curved, four rows of rotary claws (29) are provided in a plurality of rows in the direction of the axis of the tilling claw shaft (28), and a gap is formed between the tips of the rotary claws (29) (29) adjacent in the left-right direction. The width of the right and left sides of the rotary claw (29) is about twice as large as the gap at the distal end, and the distance between the proximal ends of the rotary claws (29) and (29) in the left and right direction is about 5 times as large as the gap at the tip. Thus, a rotary claw (29) is formed. Further, the rotary claw (29) is curved into a shape of scooping after cutting off the soil, and the left and right rotary claws (29) (29) crush the remaining tillage by the return force of the elastic deformation of the rotary claw (29). The number of rotary pawls (29)... Which is about 70% of the number of conventional rotary pawls is attached, and the rotational speed of the rotary pawl (29) is reduced to the conventional rotational speed (about 200 to 400 per minute). Rotation), and the running speed of the tractor (1) is about twice as high as the conventional running speed (about 0.5 meters per second). It is configured so that the tilling work can be performed by doubling it. Further, the cutting blade (36) is made to penetrate into the soil at a position overlapping with the rotary claw (29) in the soil when viewed from the side, and the submerged portion of the cutting blade (36) is inclined backward and supported. The left and right sides of the cutting blade (36) are formed as uneven planes having a width, and the downward force of the cutting blade (36) entering the soil by traction and the cut soil are restored by the restoring force. ) The force of pressing against the side surface is generated as the pull-out resistance of the cutting blade (36), and the pull-out resistance of the cutting blade (36) is substantially equal to or slightly larger than the reaction force of the rotary claw (29) into the soil. The rotary cultivator (14) is prevented from being lifted upward by the reaction force of the soil rush resistance, and the rotary claw (29) is configured to reduce the shock generated by the soil rush. In addition, on the rear side of the cultivating claw shaft (28), a reaction force of the rotary claw (29) extraction force is generated in opposition to the reaction force (lifting force) of the leveling force of the rear covers (40), (41), and (43). The posture is stabilized by the balance of each reaction force.
[0017]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a work sensor (62) for detecting that the tillable rotary working machine (14) is performing the tillage work by the tillage work operation of the PTO shift lever (19), and the lifting switch (17). ), An electronic governor controller (64) for operating a solenoid or the like of an electronic governor (63) for increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the engine (2), and a traveling speed for operating a continuously variable transmission mechanism (65) for the transmission case (11). A circuit (66) and a raising solenoid (681) and a lowering solenoid (682) for operating a lifting valve (68) of a hydraulic lifting cylinder (67) for raising and lowering a tilling rotary work machine (14) by moving a lower link (12) up and down. ) Is connected to a controller (69) constituted by a microcomputer, and the engine is controlled by an electronic governor (63). By changing the rotational speed of 2), also to change the running speed by the traveling speed change circuit (66), also is configured so as to change the work machine (14) supporting the height by the lifting valve (68) controlled.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a rear cover sensor (70) such as a potentiometer or a limit switch for detecting the operation of a first rear cover (40) that rotates vertically about a first fulcrum shaft (39) is mounted on the upper surface of the rotary cover (30). And a rear cover sensor (70) is connected to the controller (69) as shown in FIG. 1, and a tilling rotary work machine (14) is mounted on the tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down. A controller (69) serving as switching means for reducing the traveling speed of the tractor (1) based on the detection result of the sensor (70) for detecting the lowering of the rear cover (40), which can move up and down, of the machine (14) to the non-tilling work position. Is provided. Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 16, when the tractor (1) reaches the ridge and the work implement (14) is raised, the rear cover (40) is lowered to the lowest position by the input of the rear cover sensor (70). When it is detected that the work machine (14) is lifted to the non-working position on the ground, the engine (2) rotation is reduced by the engine (2) rotation speed reducing operation of the electronic governor controller (64). The traveling speed is reduced, and when the tractor (1) reaches the field headland, the operation of raising the tilling rotary work machine (14) is performed, so that the rise of the tilling rotary work machine (14) is prevented from rising by the rear cover ( The sensor (70) detects the lowering of the tractor (40), the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced by the controller (69), and the tilling work is performed by reciprocating traveling. When turning on the land, it is decelerated tractor (1) traveling speed substantially at the same timing for each direction change, similar to the conventional tractor (1) headland of substantially the same width just turning operation is formed. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) at the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is lowered, the descent of the work machine (14) is detected by a raising / lowering switch (17) lowering operation input or the like. At this time, the engine (2) rotation speed increasing operation of the electronic governor controller (64) increases the rotation of the engine (2) so that the running speed is increased and returned, and the tilling work is performed at a high speed running. .
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a lift arm (71) for raising and lowering the lower link (12) by hydraulic pressure, and a feedback link for stopping the hydraulic pressure supply by feeding back the raising or lowering operation of the arm (71). A mechanism (72), a lift arm raising sensor (73) and a lift arm lowering sensor (74) for detecting the raising and lowering operation of the lift arm (71) via a feedback link mechanism (72) are provided. ) (74) is connected to a controller (69), and in a tilling device in which a tilling rotary work machine (14) is mounted on a tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down, a lift arm for raising and lowering the tilling rotary work machine (14). The tractor (1) based on the detection result of the sensor (73) that detects the rise of the (71) to the non-tilling work position Are provided controller (69) is a switching means to decelerate the line speed. Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 17, when the tractor (1) reaches the ridge and the work machine (14) is lifted, the lift arm (71) is lifted by the input of the lift arm lift sensor (73). When detecting that the work machine (14) has been lifted to the non-working position on the ground, the engine (2) rotation is reduced by the engine (2) rotation speed reduction operation of the electronic governor controller (64), and the traveling speed is reduced. Is lifted by lifting the tilling rotary work machine (14) when the tractor (1) reaches the headland on the field by performing an operation of raising the tilling rotary work machine (14). The sensor (73) detects the ascending operation of (71), the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced by the controller (69), and the cultivation is performed by reciprocating traveling. When turning on the headland, the deceleration tractor (1) traveling speed substantially at the same timing for each direction change, similar to the conventional tractor (1) headland of substantially the same width just turning operation is formed. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) at the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is lowered, the descent of the work machine (14) is detected by the input of the lift arm lowering sensor (74). The engine (2) rotation speed increasing operation of the electronic governor controller (64) increases the rotation of the engine (2) so that the running speed is increased and returned, and the tilling work is performed at high speed running.
[0020]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13, a hydraulic steering cylinder (76) is provided in a front axle case (75) on which the front traveling wheel (4) is mounted, and the direction of the front traveling wheel (4) is changed. A tie rod (77) is connected to a piston (78) of the cylinder (76), and a turning angle detection rod (79) for detecting a turning angle of the front running wheel (4) is provided on the case (75). By rotating the cylinder (76) by rotating (5), the piston (78) retreats and the tie rod (77) turns the plate at a predetermined turning angle of the tractor (1) for headland turning. (80), the cutting angle detection rod (79) is slid, the steel balls (82) and (82) of the groove (81) of the rod (79) are pushed up, and the steering sensor (83) is moved to the pillow. Ground change While the turning angle required for the tractor (1) is changed by returning the steel ball (82) to the groove (81) by returning the straight angle position of the turning angle detection rod (79). A tilling device for detecting a steering sensor (83), connecting the steering sensor (83) to a controller (69), and mounting the tilling rotary work machine (14) on the tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down. , A controller (switching means) that switches the tractor (1) traveling speed based on the detection result of the sensor (83) that detects the tilling work suspension state of the tilling rotary work machine (14) by operating the steering handle (5). 69). Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 18, when the tractor (1) arrives at the bank and performs a turning operation of the steering handle (5), the front running wheel (4) is largely turned more than in the plowing operation. When the steering sensor (83) detects that the steering wheel (5) performs a turn at a steering angle of not less than a predetermined value, the work machine (14) is raised above the ground by a raising / lowering switch (17). The engine is lifted to the non-working position, and the engine (2) rotation speed is reduced by the engine (2) rotation speed reduction operation of the electronic gahana controller (64), so that the traveling speed is reduced. When the tractor (1) arrives, the turning operation is performed by the steering handle (5), and the sensor (83) detects that the tilling operation is stopped by the turning operation of the steering handle (5). The traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced by the controller (69), and the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is reduced at substantially the same timing every time the direction is changed at a headland on a field where plowing is performed by reciprocating traveling. Then, a headland of substantially the same width is formed only by the tractor (1) turning operation similar to the conventional one. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) on the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is operated to descend and the steering handle (5) is operated straight, the work machine (14) is input by a steering sensor (83). ) Is detected, and the electronic governor controller (64) increases the engine (2) rotation speed to increase the engine (2) rotation, thereby increasing the running speed and returning to high speed. It is configured so that tilling work is performed during traveling.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 14, left and right brake sensors (84) and (84) for detecting the depression operations of the left and right brake pedals (9) and (9), respectively, and the sensors (84) and (84) are provided to the controller (69). When the vehicle is turned on a field headland, the sensor (84) detects braking of the rear traveling wheel (7) on the inside of the turn by operation of the brake pedal (9) on the inside of the turn, and the tractor (1) is plowed. In a tilling device in which a rotary work machine (14) is mounted so as to be able to move up and down, a tractor based on a detection result of the sensor (84) for detecting a halt state of a tilling work of a tilling rotary work machine (14) by operating a brake pedal (9). (1) A controller (69) as switching means for reducing the traveling speed is provided. Then, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 19, when the vehicle reaches the edge of the ridge and depresses the brake pedal (9) on the inside of one of the left and right turns, the left and right brake sensors (84) and (84) input the left and right brakes. When one of the sensors (84) and (84) is turned on to detect the stop of the plowing operation and the start of the direction change, the work machine (14) is lifted to the non-working position on the ground by an operation of raising and lowering the switch (17). When the tractor (1) reaches the headland on the field, the engine (2) rotation speed is reduced by the engine (2) rotation speed reduction operation of the electronic governor controller (64), and the running speed is reduced. One of the left and right brake pedals (9) and (9) is operated to operate the brake pedal (9) on the inner side of the turn, thereby braking the traveling on the inner side of the turn. The sensor (84) detects the suspension of the tillage work by the dull (9) operation, the tractor (1) automatically reduces the traveling speed by the controller (69), and the direction on the field headland where the tillage work is performed by reciprocating travel. At the time of turning, the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is reduced at substantially the same timing for each change of direction, and a headland of substantially the same width is formed only by the tractor (1) turning operation similar to the conventional one. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) at the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is lowered to operate the vehicle and the straight running is resumed, the brake release of the work sensor (84) is applied to the work machine (14). When it is detected that the straight running is resumed by the descent and the tilling operation is performed, the engine (2) rotation is increased by the engine (2) rotation speed increasing operation of the electronic governor controller (64), and the running speed is increased and the traveling speed is restored. The tilling work is performed at high speed.
[0022]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, when the power tool (14) is lifted and the power cultivation operation is stopped compared to the power cultivation operation by the power cultivation rotary power machine (14), the rotation speed of the engine (2) increases due to a decrease in load. A tillage device in which a rotation sensor (85) for detecting speeding is provided and the sensor (85) is connected to a controller (69), and a tractor is provided with a tillage rotary work machine (14) so as to be able to move up and down. A controller (69) which is a switching means for reducing the traveling speed of the tractor (1) based on a detection result of a sensor (85) for detecting a tilling operation suspension state of the tilling rotary work machine (14) based on a change in output of the engine (2). Provided. Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 20, when the tractor (1) reaches the ridge and performs the lifting operation of the work machine (14), the rotation sensor (85) inputs the lift switch (17) and the lifting operation of the work machine (17). (14) is lifted to the non-working position on the ground to detect an increase in the output of the engine (2), and the rotation of the engine (2) by the electronic governor controller (64) lowers the rotation of the engine (2). When the tractor (1) arrives at the headland on the field, the tilling rotary work machine (14) is raised to stop the tilling work. A change in the output of the engine (2) due to the rise of (14) is detected by the sensor (85), and the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced by the controller (69). When turning on a field headland where tilling work is performed, the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is reduced at substantially the same timing each time the direction is changed, and a tractor (1) headland of substantially the same width is obtained only by the same tractor (1) turning operation as before. Is formed. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) on the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is lowered, when the lowering operation of the work machine (14) by the elevation switch (17) is detected, The engine (2) rotation speed is increased by the electronic governor controller (64) to increase the rotation speed of the engine (2) so that the running speed is increased and returned, and the tilling work is performed at a high speed running.
[0023]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, there is provided an ultrasonic sensor (86) which is attached to the tillage rotary work machine (14) and detects a support height of the work machine (14) with respect to the uncultivated ground, and also serves as a tillage depth sensor. The ultrasonic sensor (86) is connected to a controller (69), and the tilling rotary work machine (14) is mounted on the tractor (1) so as to be movable up and down. A controller (69) is provided as switching means for reducing the traveling speed of the tractor (1) based on the detection result of the sensor (86) for detecting the suspension state of the tilling work of the tilling rotary work machine (14) based on the ground height. . Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 21, when the tractor (1) reaches the ridge and the work implement (14) is lifted, the work implement (14) is automatically cultivated by the ultrasonic sensor (86). It is detected that the electronic governor controller (64) has been lifted to a non-working position on the ground higher than the adjustment range. When the tractor (1) reaches the field headland, the tilling rotary work machine (14) is lifted when the tractor (1) reaches the field headland, thereby stopping the tilling work due to the height of the tilling rotary work machine (14) above the ground. The sensor (86) detects and automatically reduces the traveling speed of the tractor (1) by the controller (69). Same timing tractor (1) the traveling speed is decelerated, the conventional manner of the tractor (1) headland of substantially the same width just turning operation is formed. On the other hand, when the direction change of the tractor (1) in the field headland is completed and the work machine (14) is lowered, when the lowering of the work machine (14) is detected by the ultrasonic sensor (86) input, The engine (2) rotation speed increasing operation of the electronic governor controller (64) causes the engine (2) rotation to increase and the running speed to return to an increased speed, so that the tilling operation is performed at a high speed while the tilling operation is performed during the tilling operation. The height of the working machine (14) with respect to the uncultivated ground is input from the ultrasonic sensor (86), and it is determined whether or not the cultivation depth of the rotary claw (29) is within an appropriate range. When it changes, based on the detection result of the ultrasonic sensor (86), the raising / lowering cylinder (67) is automatically controlled by the plowing depth automatic adjustment operation of the lifting / lowering valve (68), and the plowing depth of the rotary claw (29) is made substantially constant. To keep the running speed Each automatic control of conversion and Kofuka regulation is configured to perform also serves as a ultrasonic sensor (86).
[0024]
Further, based on the detection results of the sensors (70), (73), (74), (83), (84), (85), and (86), the traveling speed change circuit (66) is accelerated and decelerated to perform a continuously variable transmission mechanism (65). It is possible to automatically control the vehicle speed and decrease the traveling speed when shifting from the tilling operation to the turning operation, and to increase the traveling speed when shifting from the turning operation to the tilling operation, similarly to the above embodiment. The rear cover sensor (70) has a potentiometer type structure, and the raising / lowering valve (68) is automatically adjusted in plowing depth based on the detection result of the rear cover sensor (70), and the rotary pawl (29) is automatically controlled by the raising / lowering cylinder (67). The rear cover sensor (70) can also be used for adjusting the cultivation depth for keeping the cultivation depth substantially constant.
[0025]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 15, the top link (13) is formed so as to be extendable and contractible by a hydraulic telescopic cylinder (87) and a piston rod (88), and the top link (13) is moved in and out of the piston rod (88). The work machine (14) is rotated around a link pin (89) that changes the length and connects the rear end of the lower link (12) to the support plate (23) of the work machine (14), and the support height of the rotary pawl (29) is changed. And a hydraulic pressure cylinder (91) is connected to the lift arm (71) via a pressure spring (90), and the force of the pressure spring (90) is reduced by the operation of reducing the pressure cylinder (91). The work machine (14) is configured to be lowered by its own weight lowering force and the force of the pressing spring (90) by switching the lift valve (68) to the lower side.
[0026]
Also, a limit switch type ascending operation sensor (92) and a descending operation sensor (93) for detecting operation of a position control lever (16) for elevating and lowering the work machine (14), and a work machine (93) for the lift arm (71). 14) A potentiometer type rotary position sensor (94) for detecting the height of the rotary claw (29) above the ground by an ascending / descending operation, and the engine (2) rotation speed when turning the tractor (1) in the field headland manually. A variable resistance type turning speed setting device (95) to be initially set and a pressure solenoid (97) for operating a pressure valve (96) of a pressure cylinder (91) for increasing or decreasing the force of the pressure spring (90). And an extension solenoid for actuating a release solenoid (98) and a telescopic valve (99) of a telescopic cylinder (87) for expanding and contracting the top link (13). 100) and scaled down solenoid (101), thereby connecting to the tillage controller (69).
[0027]
As described above, in the tilling apparatus in which the work implement (14) is mounted on the tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down and the electronic governor (63) which is an output adjusting member for controlling the rotation of the engine (2). A tillage controller (69) for automatically controlling the rotation of the engine (2) of the electronic governor (63) for increasing the speed when the machine (14) descends to the underground plunging support height; A pressurizing cylinder (91), which is a pressurizing member for automatically lowering the work machine (14) and forcibly lowering the work machine (14), is provided, and the work machine (14) is lowered to the underground entry height. When the speed of the engine (2) is increased, the operation of the pressurizing cylinder (91) for pressing the work machine (14) against the ground surface is automatically performed, and the work machine (14) is moved up and down together with the lower link (12). Top link to support freely 13) is formed telescopically by a telescopic cylinder (87) as a telescopic member, and when the work machine (14) descends to the underground entry height and the engine (2) is accelerated, the work machine (14) is moved. The telescopic cylinder (87) for pressing against the earth surface is configured to be automatically operated.
[0028]
Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 22, when the plowing operation of the work machine (14) is detected by the work sensor (62), the operation of the position control lever (16) or the elevation switch (17) is performed. When the lifting operation of the working machine (14) is detected, the escape of the rotary claw (29) from the ground is detected by the input of the rotary position sensor (94), and when the rotary claw (29) escapes to the ground, the rotation speed is changed. The operation of lowering the engine (2) rotation speed to the set value of the setting device (95) is performed by the electronic governor (63), and the engine (2) is operated at the low speed of the set value suitable for the field conditions, and On the other hand, when the lowering operation of the work machine (14) is detected while the direction change is performed on the ground, the entry of the rotary pawl (29) into the ground is detected by the input of the rotary position sensor (94). When the rotary claw (29) is lowered to a position immediately before it enters the ground, the electronic governor (63) causes the adjustment value of the accelerator lever (102) shown in FIG. After the change of direction at the headland, the speed of the engine (2) is increased, and the rotary pawl (29) re-enters the soil. Further, the pressing force increasing operation of increasing the force of the pressing spring (90) by the pressing cylinder (91) and the extension operation of the top link (13) of the telescopic cylinder (87) are performed by the rotary claw (29) in the soil. This is automatically performed after the speed increase operation at the time of re-entry, and the rotary claw (29) enters the predetermined plowing depth position detected by the rear cover sensor (70), and the rotary claw (29) reaches the predetermined plowing depth position. After a lapse of a predetermined time required for the operation, the pressing force reducing operation of the pressing cylinder (91) for reducing the force of the pressing spring (90) and the reducing operation of the top link (13) of the telescopic cylinder (87) are performed. , While keeping the plowing depth of the rotary claw (29) substantially constant.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a tractor (1) with a work machine (14) mounted so as to be able to move up and down and an output adjusting member (63) for controlling the rotation of an engine (2). In a tilling apparatus for detecting whether or not a work machine (14) is in a working state and automatically performing rotation control of an engine (2) of an output adjustment member (63), a tilling rotary work machine (14) performs tilling work. A work sensor (62) for detecting the operation, a rotary position sensor (94) for detecting the height of the rotary claw (29) of the work machine (14) above the ground, and a tractor (1) at the field headland. A setting device (95) for setting the number of revolutions of the engine (2) when turning is provided, and a rotary position sensor (94) is provided when the tilling operation of the work machine (14) is detected by the operation sensor (62). By rotor When it is detected that the pawl (29) has escaped to the ground, the setting value of the setting device (95) is caused to perform an operation of lowering the rotation speed of the engine (2), while the rotary pawl (29) is detected by the rotary position sensor (94). When detecting that the vehicle has dropped to a position immediately before entering the ground, the accelerator bar (102) value is increased to increase the engine (2) rotation speed. At the same time, the pressurizing cylinder (91) is connected via a pressurizing spring (90) to the lift arm (71) that supports the working machine (14), and the working machine (14) descends to the soil entry height. When the speed of the engine (2) increases, the pressure cylinder (91) that presses the work machine (14) against the soil surface is automatically operated. The work machine (14) is lowered to start the tilling work. Sometimes the traveling distance until the tillage depth is stabilized can be shortened, the swelling of the soil at the beginning of plowing that scatters the cultivated soil on the rear uncultivated land can be reduced, and the tilling force is the forward traveling force of the tractor (1). Can prevent dashing that acts as The simplification of the tillage work of the headland on the field can be easily performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a tillage control circuit.
FIG. 2 is an overall side view.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the tillage rotary working machine.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotary claw portion.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a rear cover.
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the rotary claw portion.
FIG. 8 is a side view of a rear cover sensor unit.
FIG. 9 is a side view of a lift arm unit.
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the same.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a steering sensor unit.
FIG. 12 is a side view of the same.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of FIG.
FIG. 14 is a side view of a brake sensor unit.
FIG. 15 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a working machine lifting / lowering hydraulic system.
FIG. 16 is a running speed control flowchart.
FIG. 17 is the same flowchart.
FIG. 18 is the same flowchart.
FIG. 19 is the same flowchart.
FIG. 20 is the same flowchart.
FIG. 21 is the same flowchart.
FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a tilling work start control.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1) Tractor
(2) Engine
(12) Lower link
(13) Top link
(14) Rotary cultivator
(63) Electronic governor (output adjustment member)
(69) Tillage controller
(87) Telescopic cylinder (telescopic member)
(91) Pressing cylinder (pressing member)