JP3571104B2 - Method for producing titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material - Google Patents
Method for producing titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material Download PDFInfo
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- JP3571104B2 JP3571104B2 JP07289395A JP7289395A JP3571104B2 JP 3571104 B2 JP3571104 B2 JP 3571104B2 JP 07289395 A JP07289395 A JP 07289395A JP 7289395 A JP7289395 A JP 7289395A JP 3571104 B2 JP3571104 B2 JP 3571104B2
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- titanium oxide
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、酸化チタンの光触媒反応を利用し、有害物質を分解し得る酸化チタンを含有する酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法に関し、更に詳しくは酸化チタンが支持体上に高効率で担持された酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、環境問題に対する関心の高まりに伴い、工業排気及び排水等工業レベルでの低濃度有害物質の除去だけでなく、日常生活の中に於ても悪臭除去の要求が増加している。そして、従来このような低濃度有害物の除去には、特に日常生活に於ける悪臭除去材としては一般的に活性炭やシリカ、アルミナ、及び金属酸化物等の複合化された無機吸着剤等が使用されている。このような吸着剤は粉体のまま使用したり、特開昭49−16056号公報のようにシート状に加工して使用することが提案されている。
【0003】
ところが、このような吸着剤を用いた除去方法では、吸着剤に有害物が吸着されるに従い、次第に吸収能力が低下して行く。そこで、実用的吸着能力を喪失した場合には、吸着材を取り替える必要があった。またそれがため、吸着能力が有効に働く期間を見極める必要があるなど、使用上の数々の問題点があった。
【0004】
これに対し、近年光触媒を用いた有害物の除去方法が注目を集めている。特開昭61−135669号公報には、酸化亜鉛等の光反応性半導体に紫外光を照射して、悪臭物質である硫黄化合物を分解する方法が開示されている。また、特公平2−62297号公報には、酸化チタンと活性炭混合物により低濃度窒素酸化物を除去する方法が開示されている。酸化チタンや酸化亜鉛等の光反応性半導体による悪臭物質の分解は、これらの活性線励起による接触悪臭物質の光触媒的酸化作用によるため、光反応性半導体は悪臭物質の分解で消費及び劣化を被らず、その能力は光曝露されている限り基本的に低下しないため、吸着剤のみを使用する場合に比べて大きな利点を有する。
【0005】
これら光反応性半導体による分解能は、分解しようとする有害物質との接触の機会が多い程向上するから、最も効果的使用形態は有害物質との接触する反応面積の減ずることのない粉体の状態で使用することである。しかしながら、実際には粉体を粉体のまま使用する訳にはゆかず、これを取り扱うためには何らかの加工が必要である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、酸化チタンの光触媒的分解作用を利用した優れた光反応性有害物除去能力を有する酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を解決すべく検討した結果、少なくとも含水酸化チタンの凝集体、あるいは少なくとも含水酸化チタンを担体に担持させたものを、支持体形成成分と混合し、シート化することで上記課題を解決できることを見い出した。また、担体を含有する支持体に、含水酸化チタンの分散液を浸漬することでも上記課題を解決できることを見い出した。本発明は、これらの知見により達成されたものである。
【0008】
即ち本発明は、少なくとも酸化チタン及び支持体形成成分からなる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法であって、含水酸化チタンを水中にて凝集させ、凝集体水分散液とし、更に支持体形成成分と混合した後、湿式抄造法にてシート化することを特徴とする酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法である。
【0009】
また、少なくとも酸化チタン、担体、及び支持体形成成分からなる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法であって、水中にて含水酸化チタンを担体に担持させ、更に支持体形成成分と混合した後、湿式抄造法にてシート化することを特徴とする酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法である。
【0010】
更には、少なくとも酸化チタン、担体、及び支持体形成成分からなる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法であって、担体と支持体形成成分とからなる分散液から支持体を形成させた後、含水酸化チタンを含有する水分散液に浸漬して、該支持体に酸化チタンを担持させることを特徴とする酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法に関するものである。
【0011】
以下に本発明の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法及び酸化チタン含有有害物除去材に係わる構成要素を詳細に説明する。本発明に係わる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材は、少なくとも酸化チタン及び支持体形成成分から形成される支持体で構成される。本発明に係わる酸化チタンとしては、含水酸化チタンを用いる。本発明で云う含水酸化チタンとは、一般に云う含水酸化チタンの他、水和酸化チタン、メタチタン酸、オルトチタン酸、及び水酸化チタンと呼称されているTiOH結合を有する酸化チタンの酸性水分散物を全て包含する。含水酸化チタンと酸化チタンの差異は、例えば非加熱処理後の赤外線吸収スペクトル(IR)測定により、3680cm−1付近のOH基の振動による吸収強度に現れる(例えば、高温で焼成すると明確な吸収は観察されない)。本発明に於いては、IRにより3680cm−1付近に明確な吸収の現れる酸化チタンを含水酸化チタンとして用いる。本発明に係わる含水酸化チタンは、酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造工程中で、この含水酸化チタンを加熱(≦400℃)脱水して形成させる。
【0012】
本発明に係わる含水酸化チタンの製法としては、硫酸チタニル、塩化チタン、及び有機チタン化合物等を必要に応じて核形成用種子の共存下に加水分解する方法(加水分解法)、必要に応じて核形成用種子を共存させながら、硫酸チタニル、塩化チタン、及び有機チタン化合物等にアルカリ剤を添加して中和する方法(中和法)等により製造することができ、本発明に於いては上記性状を有する限り何れの製法によって得られたものも用いることができる。
【0013】
本発明の製造方法で得られた酸化チタン含有有害物除去材に含有される酸化チタンは、光を照射すると酸化チタン表面にフリーラジカルを生成する。有害物が酸化チタン表面に吸着している際に光を照射すると、生成したフリーラジカルが有害物をアタックし、分解する。このプロセスは「酸化チタン」(清野学著 技報堂出版)に記載されている通り、酸化チタンの表面水酸基がフリーラジカルの生成点となっている。このため、酸化チタンに要求される性能としては光の吸収、電荷分離の他に、表面水酸基のフリーラジカルの生成、再生等の各種性能が求められる。これらのプロセスを充分に発揮させるのには、酸化チタンの比表面積を大きくし、フリーラジカルの生成点である表面水酸基を増加させることが効果的である。更に酸化チタンの比表面積を大きくすると、有害物との接触面積も増大することから、該有害物質を分解、除去するためには、その比表面積が大きいほど効果的に行われる。本発明の製造方法で得られた酸化チタン含有有害物除去材に利用される酸化チタンの比表面積は100m2/g以上が好ましい。また、このような比表面積を持つ酸化チタンの粒径は30nm以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは10nm以下である。粒子の状態は一次粒子の状態で含有されていてもよいし、凝集した粒子状態となっていても、有害物質の除去性能には影響はない。
【0014】
しかし上記酸化チタンは自己皮膜形成性が乏しく、また本発明に好ましく用いられる比表面積の大きな酸化チタンは粒子径が小さくて、単に支持体形成成分と共に湿式で抄造したり、予め形成された支持体上に塗設しても、目的の酸化チタンは支持体から脱離し、有効な酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を製造し得ない。そこで本発明に係わる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を製造するにあたり、シート化する前に少なくとも含水酸化チタンを凝集させ、より大きな凝集体として支持体形成成分に保持させるか、含水酸化チタンの支持体形成成分への保持力を向上させる担体を介して担持させる必要がある。
【0015】
本発明の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法に於て、酸化チタン凝集体を形成させるために凝集剤を用いることが好ましい。本発明に用いられる凝集剤の具体例としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リシウム、水酸化亜鉛、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化バリウム、及び水酸化マグネシウム等の塩基性の金属水酸化物、硫酸アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、アニオンまたはカチオン変性ポリアクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリル酸含有共重合体、アルギン酸、ポリビニルリン酸及びそのアルカリ性塩、アンモニア、ジエチルアミン及びエチレンジアミン等のアルキルアミン、エタノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン、ピリジン、モルホリン、含アクリロイルモルホリン重合物等が挙げられる。
【0016】
これらの凝集剤は、含水酸化チタン分散液に強撹拌しながら添加すれば良い。これにより酸化チタンが凝集し、凝集体水分散液が形成される。形成された凝集体の大きさにより、酸化チタン含有有害物除去材内で保持される度合、酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の均一性、及び加工性に影響を与えるため、用いる凝集剤により、添加量、方法を最適化する必要がある。
【0017】
また、本発明に於ては、含水酸化チタンを担体に担持させることで、支持体形成成分への保持力を向上させているが、以下に本発明に係わる担体を説明する。
【0018】
本発明に係わる担体としては、活性白土、ゼオライト、セピオライト、ハロイサイト、酸化亜鉛、シリカ、アルミナ、活性炭、及びこれらの複合物等が挙げられる。本発明で係わる担体の形状は、粒子状、粉体状であることが好ましく、担体の径は、特に制限はない。
【0019】
本発明に係わる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材にこれら担体を併用する場合は、少なくともシート化する前が好ましい。これら担体は、含水酸化チタンとともに水中にて撹拌することで、含水酸化チタンを担持させることができるものを選択する。
【0020】
また、担体が本発明に係わる含水酸化チタンより大きな粒径を有するならば、予め担体に酸化チタンを担持させた後に、水中にて分散し、支持体形成成分と混合してシート化することも可能である。
【0021】
また、少なくとも水中にて含水酸化チタンを担体に担持させた後、更に支持体形成成分と混合した後、先に述べた凝集剤を混合し、凝集体水分散液とすることも好ましい方法である。
【0022】
更に、担体が自己皮膜形成性を有するならば、予め担体を支持体形成成分に付着させ、支持体とし、含水酸化チタンを含有する分散液に浸漬して、該支持体に酸化チタンを担持させ酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を製造することも可能である。
【0023】
本発明に係わる酸化チタンを支持体形成成分により強固に保持させるため、更に少なくとも自己皮膜形成性の結着剤を少量併用することもできる。本発明に用いられる結着剤としては、澱粉、天然ガム類、キトサン、アルギン酸塩、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びヒドロキシエチルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリN−ビニルピロリドン、アクリル系エマルション、スチレン系エマルション、ポリ塩化ビニルエマルション、及びポリ塩化ビニリデンエマルション等の合成樹脂エマルション、NBR及びSBR等の各種ラテックス等が挙げられる。
【0024】
次に本発明に係わる、支持体形成成分について説明する。支持体形成成分とは、分散液をシート化し、酸化チタン含有有害物除去材としたとき、その形態を支持するのに必要な成分である。支持体形成成分としては繊維状のものが好ましく、支持体形成成分同士、支持体形成成分と酸化チタン、及び支持体形成成分と担体とで接着し、強度を発現するものが好ましい。繊維の形状にも特に制限はない。
【0025】
支持体形成成分を構成するものとしては、オレフィン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル樹脂、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリビニルエーテル樹脂、ポリビニルケトン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、ジエン系樹脂、及びポリウレタン系樹脂等の熱可塑性合成樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フラン樹脂、尿素樹脂、アニリン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、及びエポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性合成樹脂の少なくとも1種類以上の樹脂からなる繊維が挙げられる。これらの繊維を少なくとも1種類以上用いることができる。
【0026】
更に、酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の強度を向上させるため、上記の支持体形成成分の他に、木材パルプ、楮、ミツマタ、藁、ケナフ、竹、リンター、バガス、及びエスパルト等の植物繊維、フィブリル化した繊維を用いてもよい。
【0027】
更に、レーヨン等の再生繊維、アセテート等の半合成繊維、シリコーン系繊維、フッ素系繊維、ステンレスウール等の金属繊維、炭素繊維、セラミック繊維、及び各種ガラス繊維等を少量混合してもよい。しかしながら、これらの混合により酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の性能を阻害する範囲であってはならないのは言うまでもない。
【0028】
次に、本発明の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法を更に詳しく説明する。ここでは、本発明の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法の一例を挙げて具体的に説明する。
【0029】
まず、少なくとも含水酸化チタンを水中にて撹拌し、水分散液を調整する。ついで、該水分散液中に、凝集剤を添加し、含水酸化チタン含有凝集体を形成させる。更に該水分散液中に支持体形成成分を混合した後、抄紙機等を用いてシート化し、乾燥することにより本発明に係わる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を得ることができる。
【0030】
また、少なくとも含水酸化チタンと担体を水中にて分散し、担体に含水酸化チタンを担持させた後、該水分散液中に支持体形成成分を混合した後、抄紙機等を用いてシート化し、乾燥することにより酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を得ることができる。
【0031】
更には、担体と支持体形成成分を水中に分散し、抄紙機等を用い、シート化し、乾燥することにより支持体とした後、これとは別に少なくとも含水酸化チタンを水中にて分散し、凝集剤を加え凝集させた後、該水分散液に該支持体を浸漬し、乾燥を行うことでも本発明に係わる酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を得ることができる。
【0032】
以上のようにして製造された酸化チタン含有有害物除去材は、更に他の不織布や、熱可塑性樹脂、セラミック、及び金属等のフィルムまたはシート等と積層し、複合材としても利用できる。
【0033】
【作用】
本発明は、少なくとも酸化チタン及び支持体形成成分からなり、活性光を照射すると、空気中や水中の有害物を分解、除去することができる酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材の製造方法である。また、更に担体を含有する酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材の製造方法である。酸化チタンの凝集体もしくは酸化チタンが担持された担体が支持体形成成分に高効率に保持させることが可能である。
【0034】
このような酸化チタン含有有害物除去材は、個人で適度な大きさに切断し、有害物質を除去したい場所に置き、太陽光や蛍光灯に曝露するだけで容易に有害物質を除去することができるため、悪臭の程度や設置場所に応じて手軽に効率よく使用できる。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により更に本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はその主旨を越えない限り、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0036】
実施例1
含水酸化チタン(石原産業社製;ST−31)100重量部を水に添加し、ミキサーを用いて分散させながら、この分散液に硫酸アルミニウム1重量部を添加し、更に超高分子量アニオン変性ポリアクリルアミド0.1%溶液を添加して酸化チタンの凝集体を形成させ、これを凝集体水分散液Aとした。尚、ST−31は予めIRによりOH基の存在を確認してある。
【0037】
支持体形成成分として、0.5デニール×5mmのポリエステル繊維(帝人製;テピルス)と2デニール×5mmの芯鞘構造を有する低融点熱融着性ポリエステル繊維(ユニチカ社製;メルティー#4080)とを等重量づつ水に添加し、撹拌、分散し、支持体形成成分分散液Bとした。
【0038】
TiO2換算で含水酸化チタン対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように分散液A及び分散液Bを混合し、全固形分量が0.2重量%となるよう調整した後、撹拌しながら超高分子量アニオン変性ポリアクリルアミド0.1%溶液を添加し、増粘させ、円網抄紙機にてシート化し、120℃にて乾燥し、目付け量100g/m2の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(1)を作製した。
【0039】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(1)を12cm×20cmの大きさに裁断し、5.6リットルの密閉できる二つの容器に入れ、一方に6wのブラックランプを約5cmの距離から照射できるようにした。これらの容器にアセトアルデヒド高濃度ガスを注入して、容器内の濃度を15ppmとなるように調整した。ガス注入後、30分後に容器内のガス濃度をFID検出器付きガスクロマトグラフィーで測定した。その結果、光を照射した容器内の残留アセトアルデヒド濃度は2ppmまで低下していたが、光を照射しなかった方は14ppmであった。
【0040】
比較例1
実施例1で用いた含水酸化チタンに換えて同量のルチル型酸化チタン(石原産業社製;タイペーク R−850、IRによりOH基の存在は全くといっていいほど存在していない)を水に添加し、ミキサーにて分散させた。この分散液にポリ塩化アルミニウム(水沢化学社製;PAC)を2重量部添加し、更に超高分子量アニオン変性ポリアクリルアミド0.1%溶液を添加して凝集体水分散液Cを作製した。
【0041】
実施例1と同様に酸化チタン対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように分散液C及び分散液Bを混合し、全固形分量が0.2重量%となるように調整した。以下、実施例1と同じ方法で、目付け量100g/m2の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(2)を作製した。
【0042】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(2)を実施例1と同様にアセトアルデヒドの除去能を測定した。その結果、光を照射した方は13ppm、光を照射しなかった方は14ppmであった。
【0043】
実施例2
実施例1で用いた含水酸化チタン(ST−31)100重量部と担体として活性炭粉体(武田薬品社製)100重量部とを水に添加し、ミキサーにて分散し、活性炭に含水酸化チタンを担持させた。更にポリ塩化アルミニウム(水沢化学製;PAC)を2重量部添加し、更に超高分子量アニオン変性ポリアクリルアミド0.1%溶液を添加して凝集体水分散液Dを作製した。
【0044】
実施例1と同様にTiO2換算で含水酸化チタン対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように分散液D及び分散液Bを混合し、全固形分量が0.2重量%となるように調整した。以下、実施例1と同じ方法で、目付け量100g/m2の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(3)を作製した。
【0045】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(3)を実施例1と同様にアセトアルデヒドの除去能を測定した。その結果、光を照射した方は1ppm、光を照射しなかった方は5ppmまで濃度が低下した。
【0046】
実施例3
メタチタン酸(トーケムプロダクツ製;TiO(OH)2に相当)100重量部(固形分換算)及び担体として複合フィロ珪酸塩粉末(水沢化学製;ミズカナイトAP)100重量部とを水に添加し、ミキサーにて分散し、酸化チタンを担体に担持させた。この分散液にポリ塩化アルミニウム(水沢化学製;PAC)を0.2重量部添加し、更に超高分子量アニオン変性ポリアクリルアミド0.1%溶液を添加して凝集体水分散液Eを作製した。
【0047】
実施例1と同様にTiO2換算でメタチタン酸対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように分散液E及び分散液Bを混合し、全固形分量が0.2重量%となるように調整した。以下実施例1と同じ方法にて、目付け量100g/m2の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(4)を作製した。
【0048】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(4)を実施例1と同様にアセトアルデヒドの除去能を測定した。その結果、光を照射した方は2ppm、光を照射しなかった方は9ppmまで濃度が低下した。
【0049】
実施例4
担体として炭酸マグネシウム10重量部を水中にてミキサーで予め分散し、この分散液に硫酸アルミニウム0.1重量部を加え、更に実施例1で調製した支持体形成成分分散液Bを、担体対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように混合し、全固形分量が0.2重量%となるように調整した。以下実施例1と同じ方法で、目付け量90g/m2の支持体(5)を作製した。
【0050】
一方、含水酸化チタンを塩酸により解膠して酸化チタン換算で40重量%でpH=1のチタニアゾル原液を作製し、更にチタニゾル原液を20倍に希釈した。作製したシート(5)をチタニアゾル希釈液中に浸漬し、絞った後に乾燥して、全重量100g/m2の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(5)を作製した。
【0051】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(5)のアセトアルデヒドの分解力を実施例1と同様に測定したところ、光を照射した方は2ppmであったのに対し、光を照射しなかった方は14ppmであった。
【0052】
比較例2
実施例1で作製した支持体形成成分分散液Bに、酸化チタン対支持体形成成分が固形分重量比で1対9になるように含水酸化チタン(石原産業製;ST−31)を凝集させないまま加えた後、実施例1と同様に酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(6)を作製した。含水酸化チタンを凝集させないまま用いたため、酸化チタンの歩留まりが悪く、作製された酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材は目付け91g/m2であった。
【0053】
この酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(6)を実施例1と同様にアセトアルデヒドの除去能を調べたところ、光を照射した方は10ppmであり、光を照射しなかった方は14ppmで大差なかった。以上の結果を表1にまとめる。
【0054】
【表1】
【0055】
一方、酸化チタンとして含水酸化チタンを用いなかった本発明外の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(2)は、酸化チタンに光触媒的有害物分解能が欠如しているためか、光照射の有無に関係なくアセトアルデヒドは殆ど除去されなかった。また、酸化チタンとして含水酸化チタンを用いても、これを予め凝集させずに製造した酸化チタン含有有害物除去材(6)は、光照射の有無により残留アセトアルデヒド濃度に差が見られ、効果は認められるものの、支持体形成過程で円網のワイヤー目から含水酸化チタンが落ちてしまい、支持体への歩留まりが非常に悪いため、アセトアルデヒドの除去能力が劣ったものであった。
【0056】
一方、含水酸化チタンを凝集させてから支持体形成成分と共に抄造する〔酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材(1)〕か、水中で担体に担持させた後に支持体形成成分と共に抄造する〔酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材(3)及び(4)〕か、或は担体を抄き込んだ支持体に含水酸化チタンを担持した酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材〔酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材(5)〕は、高効率の光触媒的分解能を有する酸化チタンが酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材に高歩留まりで担持され、優れた光触媒的分解能を有する酸化チタン含有有害物除去材が得られた。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
以上の結果から、本発明の酸化チタン含有有害物除去材の製造方法によって、酸化チタンを高効率に担持する酸化チタン含有有害物除去材を製造することができ、該酸化チタン含有有害物質除去材は光を照射することによって、悪臭等の空気中の有害物質を高効率で低濃度化することができる。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material containing titanium oxide capable of decomposing harmful substances by utilizing a photocatalytic reaction of titanium oxide, and more particularly, to a method for supporting titanium oxide on a support with high efficiency. The present invention relates to a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with increasing interest in environmental issues, there has been an increasing demand for not only the removal of low-concentration harmful substances at the industrial level such as industrial exhaust and wastewater, but also the removal of offensive odors in daily life. Conventionally, in order to remove such low-concentration harmful substances, activated carbon, silica, alumina, and composite inorganic adsorbents such as metal oxides and the like are generally used as the odor removing material in daily life. It is used. It has been proposed to use such an adsorbent as powder or to process it into a sheet as disclosed in JP-A-49-16056.
[0003]
However, in the removal method using such an adsorbent, as the harmful substance is adsorbed on the adsorbent, the absorption capacity gradually decreases. Therefore, when the practical adsorption capacity is lost, it is necessary to replace the adsorbent. In addition, there are many problems in use, such as the need to determine the period during which the adsorption capacity works effectively.
[0004]
On the other hand, in recent years, a method for removing harmful substances using a photocatalyst has attracted attention. JP-A-61-135669 discloses a method in which a photoreactive semiconductor such as zinc oxide is irradiated with ultraviolet light to decompose a sulfur compound which is a malodorous substance. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-62297 discloses a method for removing low-concentration nitrogen oxides by using a mixture of titanium oxide and activated carbon. Decomposition of malodorous substances by photoreactive semiconductors such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide is due to the photocatalytic oxidation of contact malodorous substances by excitation of these active rays, so that photoreactive semiconductors are consumed and degraded by decomposition of malodorous substances. However, since its ability does not basically decrease as long as it is exposed to light, it has a great advantage as compared with the case where only the adsorbent is used.
[0005]
Since the resolution by these photoreactive semiconductors increases as the chance of contact with the harmful substances to be decomposed increases, the most effective use form is the state of the powder that does not reduce the reaction area in contact with the harmful substances Is to use it. However, in practice, powder cannot be used as it is, and some processing is required to handle it.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material having excellent photoreactive harmful substance removing ability utilizing the photocatalytic decomposition action of titanium oxide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have studied to solve the above problems, as a result of mixing at least an aggregate of hydrous titanium oxide, or at least a titanium oxide hydroxide supported on a carrier, with a support-forming component, and forming a sheet. We have found that the above problems can be solved. It has also been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by immersing a dispersion of hydrous titanium oxide in a support containing a carrier. The present invention has been achieved based on these findings.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material comprising at least titanium oxide and a support-forming component, wherein the hydrous titanium oxide is agglomerated in water to form an aqueous dispersion of the agglomerate, and further the support is formed. A method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance-removing material, which comprises mixing with a component and forming a sheet by a wet papermaking method.
[0009]
Also, a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material comprising at least titanium oxide, a carrier, and a support-forming component, wherein the hydrous titanium oxide is supported on the carrier in water, and further mixed with the support-forming component. A method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material, which is formed into a sheet by a wet papermaking method.
[0010]
Furthermore, at least titanium oxide, a carrier, and a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material comprising a support-forming component, the method comprising: forming a support from a dispersion comprising a carrier and a support-forming component; The present invention relates to a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material, wherein the material is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing hydrous titanium oxide to support the titanium oxide on the support.
[0011]
Hereinafter, a method for producing the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material of the present invention and components relating to the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material will be described in detail. The material for removing harmful substances containing titanium oxide according to the present invention comprises at least a support formed from titanium oxide and a support-forming component. Hydrous titanium oxide is used as the titanium oxide according to the present invention. The hydrated titanium oxide referred to in the present invention is, in addition to hydrated titanium oxide generally, an acidic aqueous dispersion of hydrated titanium oxide, metatitanic acid, orthotitanic acid, and titanium oxide having a TiOH bond called titanium hydroxide. Are all included. The difference between hydrous titanium oxide and titanium oxide appears in the absorption intensity due to the vibration of the OH group around 3680 cm -1 by, for example, infrared absorption spectrum (IR) measurement after non-heat treatment (for example, when baked at a high temperature, a clear absorption is observed). Not observed). In the present invention, titanium oxide which clearly shows absorption around 3680 cm -1 by IR is used as hydrous titanium oxide. The hydrous titanium oxide according to the present invention is formed by heating (≦ 400 ° C.) and dehydrating the hydrous titanium oxide during the production process of the harmful substance removing material containing titanium oxide.
[0012]
The method for producing the hydrous titanium oxide according to the present invention includes a method of hydrolyzing titanyl sulfate, titanium chloride, an organic titanium compound and the like in the presence of seeds for nucleation as required (hydrolysis method), It can be produced by a method (neutralization method) in which an alkali agent is added to titanyl sulfate, titanium chloride, an organic titanium compound and the like to neutralize while coexisting seeds for nucleation (neutralization method). As long as it has the above properties, those obtained by any of the production methods can be used.
[0013]
The titanium oxide contained in the titanium oxide-containing hazardous material removing material obtained by the production method of the present invention generates free radicals on the surface of the titanium oxide when irradiated with light. When light is irradiated while the harmful substance is adsorbed on the titanium oxide surface, the generated free radicals attack the harmful substance and decompose. In this process, as described in "Titanium oxide" (by Gaku Kiyono, published by Gihodo), the hydroxyl groups on the surface of titanium oxide are the generation points of free radicals. Therefore, the performance required for titanium oxide is not only light absorption and charge separation, but also various performances such as generation and regeneration of free radicals of surface hydroxyl groups. In order to sufficiently exhibit these processes, it is effective to increase the specific surface area of titanium oxide and increase the number of surface hydroxyl groups, which are free radical generation points. If the specific surface area of titanium oxide is further increased, the contact area with the harmful substance also increases. Therefore, in order to decompose and remove the harmful substance, the larger the specific surface area is, the more effective it is. The specific surface area of the titanium oxide used for the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably 100 m 2 / g or more. The particle size of titanium oxide having such a specific surface area is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less. The state of the particles may be contained in the form of primary particles, or the state of agglomerated particles does not affect the performance of removing harmful substances.
[0014]
However, the titanium oxide has a poor self-film-forming property, and the titanium oxide having a large specific surface area, which is preferably used in the present invention, has a small particle size. Even if it is coated thereon, the target titanium oxide is detached from the support, and an effective titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material cannot be produced. Therefore, in producing the titanium oxide-containing harmful material removing material according to the present invention, at least the titanium oxide hydroxide is agglomerated before forming into a sheet, and the support forming component is held as a larger aggregate, or the support of the titanium oxide hydroxide is used. It is necessary to support the carrier via a carrier that improves the holding power of the component.
[0015]
In the method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material of the present invention, it is preferable to use a flocculant in order to form a titanium oxide aggregate. Specific examples of the coagulant used in the present invention include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lysium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and basic metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide. , Aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, alumina, silica, zirconia, anionic or cationically modified polyacrylamide, (meth) acrylic acid-containing copolymer, alginic acid, polyvinylphosphoric acid and its alkaline salts, ammonia, alkylamines such as diethylamine and ethylenediamine And alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, pyridine, morpholine, and acryloyl-morpholine-containing polymers.
[0016]
These coagulants may be added to the hydrous titanium oxide dispersion with vigorous stirring. As a result, the titanium oxide aggregates to form an aggregate aqueous dispersion. Depending on the size of the formed aggregate, the degree of retention in the titanium oxide-containing hazardous material removing material, the uniformity of the titanium oxide-containing hazardous material removing material, and the processability are affected. The amount and method need to be optimized.
[0017]
In addition, in the present invention, the support of the support forming component is improved by supporting the hydrous titanium oxide on the carrier. The carrier according to the present invention will be described below.
[0018]
Examples of the carrier according to the present invention include activated clay, zeolite, sepiolite, halloysite, zinc oxide, silica, alumina, activated carbon, and composites thereof. The shape of the carrier according to the present invention is preferably in the form of particles or powder, and the diameter of the carrier is not particularly limited.
[0019]
When these carriers are used in combination with the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material according to the present invention, it is preferable that at least before forming the sheet. As these carriers, those capable of supporting hydrous titanium oxide by stirring in water together with hydrous titanium oxide are selected.
[0020]
Further, if the carrier has a larger particle size than the hydrated titanium oxide according to the present invention, after the titanium oxide is supported on the carrier in advance, it may be dispersed in water and mixed with the support-forming component to form a sheet. It is possible.
[0021]
It is also a preferable method that at least after the hydrous titanium oxide is supported on the carrier in water, after further mixing with the support-forming component, the above-described coagulant is mixed to obtain an aqueous coagulant dispersion. .
[0022]
Further, if the carrier has a self-film-forming property, the carrier is preliminarily attached to the support-forming component, used as a support, and immersed in a dispersion containing hydrated titanium oxide to support the titanium oxide on the support. It is also possible to manufacture a toxic substance removing material containing titanium oxide.
[0023]
In order to hold the titanium oxide according to the present invention more firmly on the support-forming component, a small amount of at least a self-film-forming binder may be used in combination. Examples of the binder used in the present invention include starch, natural gums, chitosan, alginate, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic emulsion, and styrene. Examples thereof include synthetic resin emulsions such as a system emulsion, a polyvinyl chloride emulsion, and a polyvinylidene chloride emulsion, and various latexes such as NBR and SBR.
[0024]
Next, the support-forming component according to the present invention will be described. The support-forming component is a component necessary to support the form when the dispersion is formed into a sheet and used as a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material. The support-forming component is preferably a fibrous material, and is preferably one that adheres to the support-forming component, the support-forming component and titanium oxide, and the support-forming component and the carrier and develops strength. There is no particular limitation on the shape of the fiber.
[0025]
The constituents of the support-forming component include an olefin resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl acetate resin, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, a polyamide resin, an acrylic resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinylidene chloride resin, Thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyvinyl ether resin, polyvinyl ketone resin, polyether resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, diene resin, and polyurethane resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, furan resin, urea resin, aniline resin, unsaturated polyester Examples of the fiber include a resin, an alkyd resin, and a fiber made of at least one kind of thermosetting synthetic resin such as an epoxy resin. At least one kind of these fibers can be used.
[0026]
Furthermore, in order to improve the strength of the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material, in addition to the above-mentioned support-forming components, wood fibers such as wood pulp, mulberry, mitsumata, straw, kenaf, bamboo, linter, bagasse, and esparto, Fibrillated fibers may be used.
[0027]
Further, recycled fibers such as rayon, semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate, silicone-based fibers, fluorine-based fibers, metal fibers such as stainless steel wool, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, and various glass fibers may be mixed in small amounts. However, it is needless to say that the mixing thereof should not be in a range that impairs the performance of the harmful substance removing material containing titanium oxide.
[0028]
Next, the method for producing the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material of the present invention will be described in more detail. Here, an example of the method for producing the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material of the present invention will be specifically described.
[0029]
First, at least hydrous titanium oxide is stirred in water to prepare an aqueous dispersion. Next, an aggregating agent is added to the aqueous dispersion to form an agglomerate containing hydrous titanium oxide. Further, after mixing the support-forming component in the aqueous dispersion, the mixture is formed into a sheet using a paper machine or the like, and dried to obtain the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material according to the present invention.
[0030]
Further, at least the titanium oxide hydroxide and the carrier are dispersed in water, the titanium oxide hydroxide is supported on the carrier, and after mixing the support-forming component in the aqueous dispersion, a sheet is formed using a paper machine or the like, By drying, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material can be obtained.
[0031]
Further, the carrier and the support-forming component are dispersed in water, formed into a sheet using a paper machine or the like, and dried to obtain a support. After the agent is added and coagulated, the support is immersed in the aqueous dispersion and dried to obtain the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material according to the present invention.
[0032]
The titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material manufactured as described above can be further used as a composite material by laminating it with another nonwoven fabric, a film or sheet of thermoplastic resin, ceramic, metal, or the like.
[0033]
[Action]
The present invention is a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material which comprises at least titanium oxide and a support-forming component, and which can decompose and remove harmful substances in the air and water when irradiated with actinic light. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material further containing a carrier. An aggregate of titanium oxide or a carrier on which titanium oxide is supported can be efficiently held by the support-forming component.
[0034]
Such a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material can be cut into an appropriate size by an individual, placed in a place where harmful substances are to be removed, and easily removed by simply exposing it to sunlight or fluorescent light. Since it can be used, it can be used easily and efficiently according to the degree of foul odor and the installation location.
[0035]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto unless it exceeds the gist thereof.
[0036]
Example 1
100 parts by weight of hydrous titanium oxide (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd .; ST-31) was added to water, and 1 part by weight of aluminum sulfate was added to this dispersion while dispersing using a mixer. A 0.1% solution of acrylamide was added to form an aggregate of titanium oxide, which was designated as an aggregate aqueous dispersion A. In ST-31, the presence of an OH group was previously confirmed by IR.
[0037]
As a support-forming component, 0.5 denier × 5 mm polyester fiber (manufactured by Teijin; Tepils) and 2 denier × 5 mm low melting point heat-fusible polyester fiber having a core-sheath structure (manufactured by Unitika Ltd .; Melty # 4080) Was added to water in equal amounts, stirred and dispersed to obtain a support-forming component dispersion liquid B.
[0038]
The dispersion liquid A and the dispersion liquid B were mixed such that the weight ratio of the hydrous titanium oxide to the support-forming component was 1 to 9 in terms of TiO 2 , and the total solid content was adjusted to be 0.2% by weight. Thereafter, a 0.1% solution of an ultra-high molecular weight anion-modified polyacrylamide is added with stirring to increase the viscosity, formed into a sheet by a circular paper machine, dried at 120 ° C., and dried with a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 . A harmful substance removal material (1) was produced.
[0039]
This titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (1) is cut into a size of 12 cm × 20 cm, put in two 5.6 liter airtight containers, and irradiated with a 6 w black lamp from a distance of about 5 cm to one of them. I made it. Acetaldehyde high-concentration gas was injected into these containers to adjust the concentration in the containers to 15 ppm. Thirty minutes after the gas injection, the gas concentration in the container was measured by gas chromatography with an FID detector. As a result, the concentration of residual acetaldehyde in the container irradiated with light was reduced to 2 ppm, but was 14 ppm without light irradiation.
[0040]
Comparative Example 1
In place of the hydrous titanium oxide used in Example 1, the same amount of rutile type titanium oxide (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd .; Taipaque R-850, almost no OH group is present by IR) is added to water. It was added and dispersed by a mixer. To this dispersion, 2 parts by weight of polyaluminum chloride (manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd .; PAC) was added, and a 0.1% solution of ultrahigh molecular weight anion-modified polyacrylamide was further added to prepare an aqueous dispersion of aggregates C.
[0041]
In the same manner as in Example 1, the dispersion C and the dispersion B were mixed so that the weight ratio of the titanium oxide to the support-forming component was 1: 9, and the total solid content was 0.2% by weight. It was adjusted. Hereinafter, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (2) having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0042]
This titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (2) was measured for its ability to remove acetaldehyde in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the light irradiation was 13 ppm, and the light irradiation was 14 ppm.
[0043]
Example 2
100 parts by weight of hydrous titanium oxide (ST-31) used in Example 1 and 100 parts by weight of activated carbon powder (manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as a carrier were added to water, dispersed with a mixer, and the activated carbon was mixed with hydrous titanium oxide. Was carried. Further, 2 parts by weight of polyaluminum chloride (manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical; PAC) was added, and a 0.1% solution of an ultra-high molecular weight anion-modified polyacrylamide was further added to prepare an aqueous dispersion D of aggregates.
[0044]
In the same manner as in Example 1, the dispersion D and the dispersion B were mixed such that the weight ratio of the hydrated titanium oxide to the support forming component was 1 to 9 in terms of TiO 2 , and the total solid content was 0.2 wt. %. Hereinafter, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (3) having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0045]
This titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (3) was measured for its ability to remove acetaldehyde in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the concentration was reduced to 1 ppm for those irradiated with light and to 5 ppm for those not irradiated with light.
[0046]
Example 3
100 parts by weight of metatitanic acid (manufactured by Tochem Products; equivalent to TiO (OH) 2 ) (in terms of solid content) and 100 parts by weight of a composite phyllosilicate powder (manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical; Mizucanite AP) as a carrier were added to water, The mixture was dispersed by a mixer, and the titanium oxide was supported on a carrier. To this dispersion, 0.2 parts by weight of polyaluminum chloride (manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical; PAC) was added, and further, a 0.1% solution of ultrahigh molecular weight anion-modified polyacrylamide was added to prepare an aggregate aqueous dispersion E.
[0047]
The dispersion E and the dispersion B were mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the metatitanic acid to the support-forming component was 1 to 9 in terms of TiO 2 in terms of solid content, and the total solid content was 0.2% by weight. It was adjusted to be. Hereinafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (4) having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 was produced.
[0048]
This titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (4) was measured for its ability to remove acetaldehyde in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the concentration was reduced to 2 ppm for those irradiated with light and to 9 ppm for those not irradiated with light.
[0049]
Example 4
As a carrier, 10 parts by weight of magnesium carbonate was previously dispersed in water with a mixer, 0.1 part by weight of aluminum sulfate was added to the dispersion, and the support-forming component dispersion B prepared in Example 1 was further added to the carrier-to-support. The body-forming components were mixed so that the solid content ratio was 1: 9, and the total solid content was adjusted to be 0.2% by weight. Hereinafter, a support (5) having a basis weight of 90 g / m 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0050]
Separately, the hydrous titanium oxide was peptized with hydrochloric acid to prepare a titania sol stock solution having a pH of 1 at 40% by weight in terms of titanium oxide, and the stock titania sol solution was further diluted 20-fold. The prepared sheet (5) was immersed in a titania sol diluent, squeezed, and then dried to prepare a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (5) having a total weight of 100 g / m 2 .
[0051]
When the acetaldehyde decomposing ability of this titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (5) was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the light-irradiated one was 2 ppm, whereas the light-irradiated one was 14 ppm. Met.
[0052]
Comparative Example 2
In the support-forming component dispersion B prepared in Example 1, the titanium oxide-containing titanium oxide (Ishihara Sangyo; ST-31) is not aggregated so that the weight ratio of the titanium oxide to the support-forming component is 1 to 9 in terms of solid content. After the addition as it was, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (6) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Since the hydrous titanium oxide was used without being agglomerated, the yield of the titanium oxide was poor, and the produced titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material had a basis weight of 91 g / m 2 .
[0053]
The titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (6) was tested for acetaldehyde removal ability in the same manner as in Example 1. The irradiation of light was 10 ppm, and the irradiation of light was 14 ppm, which was not much different. . Table 1 summarizes the above results.
[0054]
[Table 1]
[0055]
On the other hand, the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (2), which does not use hydrous titanium oxide as the titanium oxide, is not related to the presence or absence of light irradiation, probably because titanium oxide lacks photocatalytic harmful substance resolution. And almost no acetaldehyde was removed. In addition, even if hydrous titanium oxide is used as the titanium oxide, the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (6) manufactured without agglomerating the titanium oxide in advance shows a difference in the residual acetaldehyde concentration depending on the presence or absence of light irradiation. Although observed, the titanium oxide hydroxide fell from the wire mesh of the circular mesh during the process of forming the support, and the yield to the support was very poor, so that the acetaldehyde removal ability was poor.
[0056]
On the other hand, the hydrated titanium oxide is agglomerated and then formed together with the support-forming component [Titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (1)], or is supported on a carrier in water and then formed together with the support-forming component [containing titanium oxide. Hazardous substance removing materials (3) and (4)] or a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material in which a titanium oxide-containing titanium oxide is supported on a support into which a carrier is incorporated [Titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material (5)] As a result, titanium oxide having a high efficiency of photocatalytic resolution was supported on the titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material at a high yield, and a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material having excellent photocatalytic resolution was obtained.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
From the above results, by the method for producing a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material of the present invention, a titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material that supports titanium oxide with high efficiency can be produced. By irradiating light, harmful substances in the air, such as bad smells, can be reduced in concentration with high efficiency.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP07289395A JP3571104B2 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1995-03-30 | Method for producing titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP07289395A JP3571104B2 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1995-03-30 | Method for producing titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08266602A JPH08266602A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| JP3571104B2 true JP3571104B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
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| JP07289395A Expired - Fee Related JP3571104B2 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1995-03-30 | Method for producing titanium oxide-containing harmful substance removing material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2179954C1 (en) | 2000-06-22 | 2002-02-27 | Стремилова Нина Николаевна | Composition for treatment of natural water and waste waters and a method for preparing composition for treatment of natural and waste waters |
| JP5767441B2 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2015-08-19 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | Hazardous substance decomposition material |
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