JP3574597B2 - Method for producing polymer - Google Patents
Method for producing polymer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3574597B2 JP3574597B2 JP21822999A JP21822999A JP3574597B2 JP 3574597 B2 JP3574597 B2 JP 3574597B2 JP 21822999 A JP21822999 A JP 21822999A JP 21822999 A JP21822999 A JP 21822999A JP 3574597 B2 JP3574597 B2 JP 3574597B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- polymer
- monomer
- water
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 4
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPJRRXSHAYUTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentenyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(=C)CCO CPJRRXSHAYUTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNVRRHSXBLFLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C=C HNVRRHSXBLFLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical class OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ASUAYTHWZCLXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N prenol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCO ASUAYTHWZCLXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMWCPTKSESEZCL-AHUNZLEGSA-H (Z)-but-2-enedioate iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O IMWCPTKSESEZCL-AHUNZLEGSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SHVRRGGZMBWAJT-ODZAUARKSA-N (z)-but-2-enedioic acid;copper Chemical compound [Cu].OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O SHVRRGGZMBWAJT-ODZAUARKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZAZNULYLRVMSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-buten-3-ol Natural products CC(C)=C(C)O BZAZNULYLRVMSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMYCJCOPYOPWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(1-amino-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidamide;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N QMYCJCOPYOPWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)(C)OC PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1 ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=C)C(O)=O FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXYOLIGRUFQZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybut-3-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C=CC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O BXYOLIGRUFQZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEQJBORXLQWRGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].CC(O)C(O)=O.CC(O)C(O)=O DEQJBORXLQWRGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)CS(O)(=O)=O XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPPRYXGGYQMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbuten-2-ol-1 Natural products CC(C)C(O)=C NSPPRYXGGYQMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)CC1 FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021590 Copper(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021551 Vanadium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LXASOGUHMSNFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-D [V+5].[V+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O Chemical compound [V+5].[V+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O LXASOGUHMSNFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N atenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=C(CC(N)=O)C=C1 METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLMQHZPGHAPYIO-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O GLMQHZPGHAPYIO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVOAENZIOKPANY-CVBJKYQLSA-L copper;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O SVOAENZIOKPANY-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoate;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)CC1 SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu] AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N BQVVSSAWECGTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BJYLNGGDLHKELP-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;formic acid Chemical compound [Cu].OC=O BJYLNGGDLHKELP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011706 ferric diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007144 ferric diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CADNYOZXMIKYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-B ferric pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O CADNYOZXMIKYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229940036404 ferric pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004225 ferrous lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013925 ferrous lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940037907 ferrous lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004313 iron ammonium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000011 iron ammonium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N iron;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N isocrotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C/C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEYZMFWOMWWJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O.NC(=O)C=C KEYZMFWOMWWJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- STDMRMREKPZQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricopper;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O STDMRMREKPZQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JBIQAPKSNFTACH-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium oxytrichloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)=O JBIQAPKSNFTACH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+3] HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、重合体の製造、特に水溶性重合体の製造に好ましく適用される製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水溶性重合体等の重合体、中でも、カルボキシル基を多数有するアクリル酸系重合体、マレイン酸系重合体、これらの共重合体、または、これらにスルホン酸基、水酸基等が導入された重合体は、これらの組成や分子量を調整することにより、優れたカルシウムイオン捕捉作用、優れたクレー分散作用、優れた耐ゲル化能を発揮させ得ることが知られている。そのため、これらの重合体は、無機顔料分散剤、スケール防止剤、キレート剤、洗剤組成物、繊維処理剤、木材パルプ漂白助剤等、非常に広範囲の用途に渡って使用されている。
【0003】
これらの重合体の製造方法については、これまで、多くの研究、開発がなされており、例えば、特開昭62−270605号公報、特開平5−239114号公報、特開平5−247143号公報、特公平3−2167号公報、特公平3−14046号公報、特許第2574144号公報等で開示されている。
これら従来の研究、開発は、水溶性重合体等の特徴を活かし、上記種々の用途に対応すべく、組成、分子量等の調整や残存モノマー量の低減等に向けられてきた。
【0004】
しかし、これまで、これら重合体の製造に関するスケールアップの問題については十分に検討されて来なかった。実験室段階での100gからせいぜい5kg程度のスケールの製造プロセスを、5〜30t程度の非常に大きなスケールの実機プラントに移す場合には、除熱の問題を解決することが不可避であり、一般に、重合釜の表面積と内容積との関係から、スケールアップすればするほど、除熱能力が指数関数的に悪くなっていくとされている。
【0005】
重合体の製造は、安全性の面と、経済性の観点から、水系溶媒で、高温下、なるべくは沸点近傍で行うことが一般的である。そのため、除熱能力の悪化は、直ちに激しい発泡、すなわち、激しい沸騰状態を招き、攪拌効果が失われて、終には反応液が重合釜からあふれ、重合自体の続行が不可となってしまうと言う問題を引き起こす。近年は、生産効率を高める関係上、原料濃度を高くする傾向にあり、なおさら、激しい発泡、すなわち、激しい沸騰状態を招きやすくなって来た。
【0006】
このような発泡、沸騰現象を抑制するため、除熱能力増強や発熱量抑制の検討がなされている。具体的には、除熱能力増強のためには、冷却用コンデンサー能力の増強(大型化)や重合釜周りに冷却水を流すためのジャケットの付設等、重合装置自体の改良がある。発熱量の抑制には、重合時間(即ち重合原料の滴下時間)の延長、重合原料濃度の低減化等、重合条件等の改良がある。
【0007】
しかし、設備的な改良では、設備の大型化を招きコスト的に非常に不利になるだけでなく、発泡抑制の根本的な解決にはならないので、結局、重合処方の改良による発熱量の抑制と組み合わせなければならない。他方、重合処方の改良は、上述のように、低濃度化、長時間化と言った改良であるため、生産性の低下を招き、コスト的に不利となるので、好ましくない。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の課題は、上記設備の大型の改良によることなく、しかも、上記重合処方の改良によることもなく、除熱の問題を解消できる、重合体の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、重合体を実機レベルで、しかも高濃度、短時間で製造する上で生じる除熱の問題を解決するために、鋭意検討を行った。その結果、重合体を製造する際に、反応系に液体をスプレー噴霧等の手法で添加して反応系の熱を奪うようにすれば良いことを見いだし、本発明を完成した。
【0010】
したがって、本発明にかかる重合体の製造方法は、重合体を製造するにあたり、重合中、スプレー噴霧で反応系に液体を添加することにより反応系から熱を除くようにする方法であって、前記重合体が、水溶性重合体であり、前記重合が、攪拌溶液水系重合であって沸点近傍の重合温度で還流状態にして重合させ、前記スプレー噴霧が、前記反応系の液面全体に前記液体として水を噴霧する。
【0011】
上記において、添加する液体は、有機溶剤であっても良いが、水であることが好ましい。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態として水溶性重合体の製造を例に挙げ、本発明を構成する各要件を項目毎に分けて詳細に説明する。
−除熱用液体の添加−
本発明において除熱用液体の添加は、本発明の目的である重合中の発泡抑制に対する根幹をなすものであり、その方法は、反応系に対し除熱用液体を、均一かつ効率的に添加することの出来る手段としてスプレー噴霧が採用される。
【0013】
反応系に添加された液体は気化して反応熱を除く。反応系に添加された液体は、反応容器の壁を冷し、壁を洗う、働きをすることもある。反応液は、反応容器の壁に付着すると、壁から高熱を受けて重合が進み、そのため、重合物が壁に固着する。壁に固着した重合物は反応系の泡立ちを促進するので、好ましくない。壁に生成した重合物は、長く置いておくと固着するので、絶えず洗い流すのが良い。
【0014】
<除熱用液体>
除熱用液体としては、水のほか、単量体、重合開始剤、pH調整剤等やこれらの水溶液があり、有機溶剤などもあって、種類は限定されないので、設備上の観点から適宜選定すれば良いが、還流水やその他の水とするのが好ましい。
【0015】
上記のその他の水としては、より具体的には、添加水がより好ましい。添加水としては、通常重合反応で使用され、重合反応に支障のない範疇の水であれば、工業用水、水道水、純水、イオン交換水等、水の種類は限定されるものではない。
なお、例えば、除熱用液体として反応系で使用されている溶媒中の水の還流水を用いる場合は、その供給されるパイプの途中で、フィルター等を併設することにより、還流操作等で生成してくる不純物等の混入によるスプレーノズルの詰まりを効果的に解消することができる。しかし、より好ましくは、上述の問題が発生しない上記等の添加水が好ましい。
【0016】
除熱用液体として水を用いることが好ましい理由は以下のとおりである。
重合反応の原料たる液状単量体またはその水溶液を除熱用液体として用いて反応系に添加したときには、反応系からの吸収熱により重合してしまう恐れがある。スプレー噴霧で添加したときには熱吸収速度が非常に高くなることから反応系に添加される前に重合してしまう恐れがある。スプレー噴霧で添加された単量体は、霧状態では濃度が非常に高くなっているので、いわゆるバルク重合に近い状態となり、極めて高分子量の重合体となり、ゲル化する可能性が高い。スプレーノズル付近でゲル化が起きると、スプレーノズルが詰まり、噴霧できなくなる恐れもある。
【0017】
液状開始剤やその水溶液を除熱用液体として用いてスプレー噴霧したときは、非常に高い熱吸収速度のために、ラジカル開始剤は、反応系に到達する前に分解して効力を失う恐れがある。
固体単量体やpH調整剤等の固形物の水溶液を除熱用液体として用いてスプレー噴霧するときも、噴霧された瞬間、すなわちスプレーノズル先端近傍で、水分が気化し固形物が析出して、スプレーノズルが詰まる恐れがある。
【0018】
有機溶剤は、除熱用液体として用いてスプレー噴霧しても重合や析出の問題を生じないが、一般にその潜熱が水の潜熱よりも小さいので、水を除熱用液体として用いる場合に比べて効果が低い。
<除熱用液体の添加方法>
除熱用液体を1種だけ用いる場合は、もちろん、1個の導入口から反応系近傍に導く。除熱用液体を複数種用いる場合は、これらをそれぞれ別の導入口から反応系近傍に導くか、これらの全部を混合してただ一つの導入口から反応系近傍に導くか、これらを小分けして数個の導入口から反応系に導くかする。
【0019】
反応系近傍に導かれた除熱用液体は、噴霧状で反応系に添加される。噴霧状の添加は、除熱用液体を非常に細かな多数の液滴として添加する方法であり、スプレーノズルを用いて行われる。細かな液滴での添加は、除熱効果を高めて、発泡を効果的に抑える。
以下ではこのスプレー噴霧について、具体的に説明する。
【0020】
スプレーノズルの個数は、限定されないが、3個以上が好ましく、4個以上がより好ましく、6個以上がより好ましい。ノズルの個数が多いほど、それだけ反応系の液面全体に除熱用液体が噴霧されるため、発泡抑制効果がより大きくなるからである。しかし、スプレーノズルの先端を回転させる等すれば、その個数を減らすことが出来る。
【0021】
スプレーノズルの向きは、限定されず、上向き、下向き、斜め向きのいずれでも良いが、反応系の液面全体に噴霧されるように設定されるのが好ましい。
噴霧角についても、限定はされず、適宜設定すれば良いが、好ましくは70〜150°である。
スプレーノズルの型式も、特に限定されず、均等扇、標準扇等のいずれでも良い。
【0022】
スプレー噴霧で添加される際の液滴径(平均液滴径)は、限定されないが、20〜1000μmが好ましく、30〜500μmがより好ましく、100〜350μmが最も好ましい。液滴径が小さいほど、液滴の表面積が大きくなり、熱吸収速度が高くなって、発泡抑制効果が高くなる。しかし、あまり細かくし過ぎると、添加能力が落ちるため、同じ添加量(添加速度)を維持するためには、スプレーノズルの個数を増やす必要があり、コスト高となる。そのため、発泡の状態、換言すれば、発熱量と除熱能力の比較等を考慮して、適宜設定すれば良い。
【0023】
この時に、合わせて反応容器上部の壁等に、スプレー噴霧で添加される除熱用液体が当たるように設定することにより、壁が除熱用液体で洗い流されるようになる。この結果、反応容器の壁に重合物やゲル物の固着や付着を防止することもできる。
<添加量>
効果的な発泡抑制のためには、除熱用液体の添加量は、重合総仕込量に対して、5重量%以上が好ましく、10重量%以上がより好ましい。
【0024】
除熱用液体の添加量の上限は、特に限定されるものではなく、目的とする重合体水溶液の製造条件等により適宜設定することができる。また、その除熱用液体の添加量が多い場合、重合反応継続時に添加量に従って、重合溶媒濃度が変化することになる。支障のない場合もあるが、通常、除熱用液体の添加量は、重合総仕込み量に対して、60重量%までが好ましい。
【0025】
スプレー噴霧用の除熱用液体の添加量は、その重合反応に支障がなければ、そもそも重合に用いる反応溶媒としての水の量から減算して、除熱用液体の添加量を決めることもできる。しかし、除熱用液体の添加量によっては、重合反応に支障がなければ、反応溶媒としての水の量から減算せずに、余分に反応系内に添加することでも、本発明の製法を実施することもできる。
【0026】
−重合体の製造−
本発明の製造方法を用いて得る重合体の種類は限定されない。しかし、重合体の種類が水溶性重合体である場合や水系の重合方法に適応させた場合に、本発明の効果が最も顕著であるので、以下では、水溶性重合体の製造を例に挙げて、本発明にかかる重合体の製造方法を説明する。
【0027】
<単量体成分>
重合体の原料である単量体の例は以下のとおりである。
▲1▼ カルボキシル基を含有する単量体
例えば、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、イソクロトン酸、α−ヒドロキシアクリル酸等のモノエチレン性不飽和モノカルボン酸系単量体、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、メサコン酸、フマル酸、シトラコン酸等のモノエチレン性不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体、これらの塩および無水物である。
【0028】
ここで、塩とは、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩、アンモニウム塩、モノエタノールアミン塩、トリエタノールアミン塩等の有機アミン塩等が挙げられ、これらは単独で使用されるか、併用される。以下では、これらを単に塩とのみ表記することがある。
【0029】
▲2▼ スルホン酸基を含有する単量体
例えば、3−アリロキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、メタリルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、スルホエチル(メタ)アクリレート、スルホプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシ−3ブテンスルホン酸等のモノエチレン性不飽和スルホン酸系単量体およびこれらの塩である。
【0030】
▲3▼ 水酸基を含有する単量体
例えば、3−メチル−2−ブテン−1−オール(プレノール)、3−メチル−3ブテン−1−オール(イソプレノール)、2−メチル−3−ブテン−2−オール(イソプレンアルコール)、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノイソプレノールエーテル、ビニルアルコール等のモノエチレン性不飽和水酸基含有系単量体である。
【0031】
▲4▼ その他の単量体
(メタ)アクリルアミド、t−ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミド系単量体、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等のカチオン性単量体、(メタ)アクリルアミドメタンホスホン酸等の含リン単量体である。
【0032】
これら単量体▲1▼〜▲4▼は、単独で用いられるか、併用される。共重合体を得る場合は、必要に応じ、重合に支障がない範囲や得られる重合体の水溶性を大きく損なわない範囲で、酢酸ビニル、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、スチレン等の疎水性単量体を併用することもできる。
本発明の除熱効果を効果的に実現させるためには、好ましくは水溶性の重合体の製造時や水系重合反応に、本発明のスプレー噴霧技術を適応させることである。
【0033】
本発明の方法は、水系で行われる重合反応であれば、水溶性重合体以外の重合体を製造する時にも適応させることができ、同様な除熱、沸騰抑制効果、反応容器壁へのゲル物等の付着防止効果を発揮することができる。
水溶性重合体を、その特徴を活かして、無機顔料分散剤、スケール防止剤、キレート剤、洗剤組成物、繊維処理剤、木材パルプ漂白助剤等の用途に用いる場合、それぞれの使用目的に応じて、その他の原料を配合する。
【0034】
以下に好ましい単量体配合を示す。
(a)単量体▲1▼を好ましくは50 mol%以上、より好ましくは80 mol%以上、最も好ましくは100 mol%用いる。単量体▲1▼の中では、(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)、マレイン酸(塩)およびこれらの無水物が特に好ましい。アクリル酸(塩)/マレイン酸(塩)共重合体の場合、両単量体のモル比は40〜60/60〜40が好ましい。
【0035】
(b)単量体▲1▼を50 mol%以上、単量体▲2▼を30 mol%以下で含む配合である。単量体▲1▼、▲2▼の合計で80 mol%以上が好ましく、100 mol%がより好ましくい。この場合、単量体▲1▼の中では、(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)、マレイン酸(塩)または無水物が、単量体▲2▼の中では3−アリロキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸(塩)、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(塩)、スルホエチル(メタ)アクリレート(塩)が特に好ましい。
【0036】
<溶媒>
溶媒としては有機溶媒でも良いが、水の方が好ましい。しかし、水を用いる場合でも、単量体の溶媒への溶解を良くするために、重合に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲で水に有機溶媒を適宜加えることがある。
有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等の低級アルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン等の低級ケトン類、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン等のエーテル類、ジメチルホルムアルデヒド等のアミド類等が挙げられ、これらは単独で用いられるか、併用される。
【0037】
<重合開始剤>
重合開始剤としては、限定されないが、ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。過酸化水素、過硫酸塩またはこれらの併用が特に好ましい。場合により、連鎖移動剤、開始剤の分解促進剤として多価金属イオンが用いられる。
ラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩、2,2’−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)塩酸塩、4,4’−アゾビス−4−シアノバレリン酸、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)等のアゾ系化合物、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化ラウロイル、過酢酸、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、クメンヒドロパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物、及び過酸化水素が挙げられる。これらの中では、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩や過酸化水素が好ましい。これらは、単独で用いられるか、併用される。
【0038】
ラジカル重合開始剤の使用量は、特に限定されないが、単量体1 molあたり0.1g〜10gが好ましく、1〜8gがより好ましい。使用量が0.1gより少ない場合には単量体の残存量が大幅に増大する傾向があり、10gを越えると、もはや開始剤の添加効果はあまり向上せず、却って経済的に不利である。開始剤量が多い分、得られる重合体の純分量が低下するとも言える。
【0039】
ラジカル重合開始剤の添加方法としては滴下が好ましく、特に限定はされないが、その分解性等に鑑みて、実質的に連続的に滴下する量を全使用量の50重量%以上とすることが好ましく、80重量%以上とすることがより好ましく、100重量%とすることが最も好ましい。
滴下時間は、過酸化水素等の比較的分解が遅い開始剤の場合、後述する重合温度、重合pHにおいて、単量体の滴下終了時間よりも10分以上早く終了することが好ましく、20分以上早く終了することがより好ましい。単量体滴下終了時前10分以内で終了しても、反応そのものに悪影響はないが、添加した開始剤が重合終了時点で残る無駄があり、残存する開始剤が得られる重合体の熱的安定性に悪影響を及ぼす恐れもある。
【0040】
他方、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩等、比較的分解の早い開始剤の場合は、単量体滴下終了時間まで滴下することが好ましく、単量体滴下終了よりも5分以上遅く終了することがより好ましい。得られる水溶性重合体中の単量体残量を減じることが出来るからである。単量体滴下終了前にこれら開始剤の滴下を終了しても、重合反応に悪影響はないが、単量体残存の問題がある。
【0041】
開始剤滴下の開始は適宜で良い。例えば、単量体の滴下開始前でも良い。開始剤併用系の場合は、一つの開始剤の滴下を開始したのち、一定時間経過してから、あるいは一つの開始剤の滴下を終了してから、別の開始剤の滴下を開始するようにしても良い。要するに、開始剤の分解速度、単量体の反応性に応じて適宜設定すれば良いのである。
<連鎖移動剤>
本発明の製造方法では、共重合体分子量調整等の必要に応じ、重合反応に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲内で、連鎖移動剤をラジカル開始開始剤と併用しても良い。連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、亜硫酸塩、重亜硫酸塩、次亜リン酸塩等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらは単独で用いられるか併用される。
【0042】
連鎖移動剤の使用量としては、重量比で開始剤量の2倍以内であることが好ましい。2倍を越えて使用しても、もはや添加効果は現れず、却って共重合体の純分の低下を招き、好ましくない。
連鎖移動剤は滴下する等の方法で反応系に添加される。滴下時間は、限定されず、場合に応じて適宜に設定すれば良い。
【0043】
<多価金属イオン>
ラジカル重合開始剤の分解促進等の必要に応じて、多価金属イオンがラジカル重合開始剤と併用しても良い。有効な多価金属イオンとしては、Fe2+ 、Fe3+ 、Cu2+ 、Cu+ 、V2+ 、V3+ 、VO2+ 等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用されるか、併用される。
【0044】
多価金属イオンの添加方法は、特に限定されないが、全量初期仕込することが好ましい。
使用量は、反応液全量に対し100 ppm以下であることが好ましい。100 ppmを越えて使用すると、得られた水溶性重合体の着色が大きく、用途によっては使用できないことがある。
【0045】
多価金属イオンの供給形態については、特に制限はなく、重合反応系内でイオン化するものであれば、どのような金属化合物、金属であってもよい。このような金属化合物、金属としては、例えば、オキシ三塩化バナジウム、三塩化バナジウム、シュウ酸バナジウム、硫酸バナジウム、無水バナジン酸、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウムハイポバナダス[(NH4 )2 SO4 ・VSO4 ・6H2 O]、硫酸アンモニウムバナダス[(NH4 )V(SO4 )2 ・12H2 O]、酢酸銅(II)、銅(II)、臭化銅(II)、アセチルアセテート、塩化第二銅、塩化銅アンモニウム、炭酸銅、塩化銅(II)、クエン酸銅(II)、ギ酸銅(II)、水酸化銅(II)、硝酸銅、ナフテン酸銅、オレイン酸銅(II)、マレイン酸銅、リン酸銅、硫酸銅(II)、塩化第一銅、シアン化銅(I)、ヨウ化銅、酸化銅(I)、チオシアン酸銅、鉄アセチルアセナート、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム、シュウ酸第二鉄アンモニウム、硫酸第一鉄アンモニウム、硫酸第二鉄アンモニウム、クエン酸鉄、フマル酸鉄、マレイン酸鉄、乳酸第一鉄、硝酸第二鉄、鉄ペンタカルボニル、リン酸第二鉄、ピロリン酸第二鉄等の水溶性金属塩、五酸化バナジウム、酸化銅(II)、酸化第一鉄、酸化第二鉄等の金属酸化物、硫化銅(II)、硫化鉄等の金属硫化物、その他銅粉末、鉄粉末を挙げることができる。
【0046】
<重合方法>
重合方法は連続型重合、バッチ型重合、半連続型重合の何れでも良い。
連続型重合としては、例えば、連続シート状重合、ベルト重合等が挙げられる。バッチ型重合としては、例えば、装置的にはニーダー重合、攪拌重合、静置重合等が挙げられ、方法的には、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等が挙げられる。溶液重合には、その溶媒の種類の観点から、溶剤系重合、水系重合がある。
【0047】
好ましい重合方法は攪拌溶液重合であり、最も好ましい重合方法は攪拌溶液水系重合である。
攪拌溶液水系重合について、以下で、詳細に説明する。
不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体の場合、全単量体使用量の50重量%以上、好ましくは80重量%以上、より好ましくは全量、初期仕込みする。初期仕込量が50重量%未満であると未反応物が多くなり好ましくない。
【0048】
不飽和モノカルボン酸系単量体の場合、全単量体使用量の70重量%以上、好ましくは90重量%以上、より好ましくは全量、実質的に連続的に滴下することにより反応系に添加する。滴下の割合が70重量%未満(即ち初期仕込量が30重量%以上)であると、非常に高分子量化しやすい。また、共重合体系の場合は、重合初期にブロック的に重合し、好ましくない。
【0049】
単量体添加時間は、単量体の重合性を考慮して適宜設定すれば良いが、好ましくは30〜240分間、より好ましくは60〜180分間である。添加時間が30分間より短いと、単位時間内における単量体添加量が多くなり、高濃度化が起きて、非常に高分子量の重合体を生成する。また、共重合の場合は、単量体がブロック的に重合してしまう恐れがある。240分を越えると、生産性が著しく落ちて、経済上好ましくない。
【0050】
<重合時のpH>
重合時のpHについては、限定されないが、不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体を用いる場合については以下の通りとするのが好ましい。
不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体を用いる場合は、前述の通り、その全使用量に対して50重量%以上を初期仕込みするが、初期仕込終了時(滴下開始直前あるいは重合開始直前)のpHは5〜13であり、好ましくは5〜12である。その後、他の添加物(他の単量体、開始剤、pH調整剤等)の添加開始により、重合が開始され、重合が進行するに連れ、徐々にpHが低下していくように設定されるのが好ましく、添加終了時点で4〜8に調整されるのが好ましい。これは以下の理由による。
【0051】
一般に、不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体は、例えば、不飽和モノカルボン酸系単量体に比べ、重合性が著しく低いため、初期仕込の段階で多く添加するのであるが、そのため、重合初期では不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体の濃度が非常に高く、ブロック的に重合してしまう恐れがある。そこで、このジカルボン酸系単量体の重合性を制御する必要がある。ジカルボン酸系単量体は、カルボキシル基の双方ともが酸型、一方が酸型(即ち半中和型)、双方ともが中和型と、3種類存在する。この中で、半中和型が反応性に最も富むことが知られている。そこで、この半中和型の存在量を制御することにより、ジカルボン酸系単量体の重合性を制御することが出来るのである。即ち、重合初期段階ではある程度存在量を制限して重合性をある程度制御し、重合が進行しジカルボン酸系単量体の濃度が低減していくと、重合性も落ちてくるので、半中和型存在量を増大させていく必要がある。これらのことに鑑み、上記pHの設定を行う。
【0052】
pH調整剤としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、アンモニア、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン等の有機アミン塩等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いられるか、併用される。これらの中で、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物が好ましく、水酸化ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
【0053】
本明細書では、これらのものを単に「pH調整剤」とか「中和剤」とか言う場合がある。
<重合温度>
重合温度は、初期仕込時は、限定されず、適宜設定すれば良い。重合開始時(添加開始時)から重合終了時(全ての添加が終了したとき。熟成時間を設定する場合はその終了時)までは、80℃以上が好ましく、重合溶媒の沸点近傍が特に好ましく、沸点で行うことが最も好ましい。重合終了後にpH調整、濃度調整等を行う場合は特には限定されない。
【0054】
80℃未満とすると、重合開始剤の使用効率が悪くなり、得られる水溶性重合体の単量体残存量が増大して、好ましくない。沸点で行うことは、温度制御が非常に容易となり、そのため、得られる重合体の品質が非常に安定したものとなり、好ましい。
<重合濃度>
重合濃度は、限定されず、分子量調整等の必要に応じて適宜設定するが、好ましくは初期仕込時で35〜75重量%、より好ましくは40〜70重量%である。35重量%未満では、不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体の反応性が非常に悪く、75重量%を越えると、単量体の水溶性がなくなり、反応液がスラリー状となり、沈澱物が生じ、均一重合となり難い。重合終了時の濃度は35〜65重量%が好ましく、40〜60重量%がより好ましい。これに見合うように添加物の濃度調整を行う。重合終了時濃度が35重量%未満であると、結果的に重合中の単量体濃度が非常に低くなり、反応性が低くなって、得られる重合体中の単量体残存量が多くなり易い。65重量%を越えると、非常に高粘度となり、均一重合とならず、またハンドリング面からも好ましくない。
【0055】
<重合圧力>
重合圧力は、限定されるものではなく、常圧(大気圧)、加圧、減圧の何れでも良い。
<重合体>
得られる水溶性重合体の重量平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは500〜100000、より好ましくは1000〜30000、最も好ましくは3000〜15000である。重量平均分子量の測定方法は後述する。
【0056】
得られる水溶性重合体中の残存単量体量は、本発明によれば非常に少なくすることが出来るが、純分換算において5000 ppm以下、好ましい実施形態では4000 ppmである。
−製造装置−
図1は本発明にかかる重合体の製造方法に用いられる製造装置を示し、反応容器1は、反応液の攪拌機2を備え、反応系(反応液)3近傍に除熱用液体としての水を導くための導入口4を上端に備え、この導入口4から供給された水を反応系3の表面液面に向けて噴霧するスプレーノズル5を反応系3の上方に備えている。この反応容器1はバッチ式のみならず連続式に重合体を製造することもできる。
【0057】
重合反応はこのような容器1でなく、ベルト上で連続的に行ってもよく、その場合にはベルトの上方にスプレーノズルを設置する。
【0058】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、「%」は「重量%」を示す。
ここでは、まず、得られた重合体の重量平均分子量、単量体残存量の測定方法について説明する。
【0059】
【0060】
【0061】
なお、全ての単量体について、残存量は固形分に対してナトリウム塩換算値で表記した。
【0062】
本発明の製造方法が、実機スケールで特に有効であることを実証するため、まず、実験室レベルの小スケールでの製造例を参考例として示し、そののち、この参考例と同一の重合処方でスケールアップした実施例(スプレー噴霧あり)と、同様にスケールアップした比較例(スプレー噴霧なし)を示す。
(参考例1)
単量体としてマレイン酸(以下MAと略す)、アクリル酸(以下AAと略す)を用い、以下のようにして、モル比MA/AA=50/50の共重合体を合成した。
【0063】
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた容量2.5リットルのSUS製セパラブルフラスコにイオン交換水(以下、純水と記す)を151.7g、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(以下、48%NaOHと略す)360g、無水MA235.2gを初期仕込し、攪拌下、該水溶液を沸点還流状態まで昇温した。次いで、攪拌下、還流状態を維持しながら、80%AA水溶液(以下、80%AAと略す)216gを重合開始から120分間に渡って、35%過酸化水素水溶液(以下、35%H2 O2 と略す)57.6gを重合開始から50分間に渡って、15%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(以下、15%NaPSと略す)76.8gと純水128.5gを重合開始50分後から130分後まで80分間に渡って、それぞれ別々のただ一つの滴下ノズルから連続的に均一速度で通常の滴下を行った。さらに全ての滴下終了後30分間に渡って、沸点還流状態を維持して、重合を完了した。この場合、スケール的には1.2kg程度である。
【0064】
重合終了後、pHと濃度の調整を行い、pH8.0、固形分濃度45%の共重合体参考例1を得た。
前述の方法で測定した結果、Mwは9000、残存MA量は2600ppm、残存AA量は100ppmで合計単量体残存量は2700ppmであった。
(参考例2)
参考例1と同じく、単量体としてMA、AAを用い、以下のようにして、モル比MA/AA=35/65の共重合体を合成した。
【0065】
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた容量2.5リットルのSUS製セパラブルフラスコに96.8gの純水、291.7gの48%NaOH、171.5gの無水MAを初期仕込し、攪拌下、該水溶液を沸点還流状態まで昇温した。次いで、攪拌下、還流状態を維持しながら、292.5gの80%AAを重合開始から120分間に渡って、6gの35%H2 O2 、207.9gの純水、及び40gの15%NaPSを重合開始から170分間に渡って、それぞれ別々のただ一つの滴下ノズルから連続的に均一速度で通常の滴下を行った。さらに、全ての滴下終了後10分間に渡って、沸点還流状態を維持して、重合を完了した。この場合、スケール的には1kg程度である。
【0066】
重合終了後、pHと濃度の調整を行い、pH7.0、固形分濃度40%の共重合体参考例2を得た。
測定の結果、Mwは45000、残存MA量は4000ppm、残存AA量は100ppm未満であった。すなわち、合計単量体残存量は4100ppm未満であった。
(参考例3)
単量体としてAAのみを用い、以下のようにして、AAの単独重合体を合成した。
【0067】
温度計、攪拌機および還流冷却器を備えた容量2.5リットルのSUS製セパラブルフラスコに270gの純水を初期仕込し、攪拌下、該水溶液を沸点還流状態まで昇温した。次いで、攪拌下、還流状態を維持しながら、940gの37%アクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液を重合開始から180分間に渡って、51.8gの15%NaPSと516.2gの純水を重合開始から185分間に渡って、それぞれ別々のただ一つの滴下ノズルから連続的に均一速度で通常の滴下を行った。さらに、全ての滴下終了後5分間に渡って、沸点還流状態を維持して、重合を完了した。この場合、スケール的には1.8kg程度である。
【0068】
重合終了後、pHと濃度の調整を行い、pH8.0、固形分濃度20%の単独重合体参考例3を得た。
測定の結果、Mwは4000、残存AA量は100ppm未満であった。
(実施例1)
参考例1と同様の重合処方で、総仕込量が10tになるよう、以下のように実機スケールへスケールアップして、共重合体を合成した。
【0069】
初期仕込量と添加量はそのままスケールアップし、重合温度、添加時間は参考例1と同様にした。そして、純水を、滴下でなくスプレー噴霧した。噴霧量は総仕込量に対して、約10.5%である。スプレーノズルは下向き6個、上向き2個設けられており、噴霧角は下向き90°、上向き115°であり、平均液滴径は下向き25μm、上向き160μmで、反応系の液面全体に噴霧できていることを確認してから行った。なお、重合釜周りには、重合釜上部、中部、下部と三つに仕切られたジャケットが装備されている。下部は初期の昇温用に蒸気が通されており、重合開始後は使用しなかった。中部、上部は冷却水が通され、装備されている還流管(コンデンサー)とともに除熱能力のアップを図った。また、スプレー噴霧を反応容器上部の壁面にも当たるように設置し、壁面が水で洗い落とされるようにした。このため、反応容器上部の壁への重合体やゲル物の付着がなかった。
【0070】
以上のようにして実施例1の共重合体を得た。
測定の結果、Mwは9000、残存MA量は2400ppm、残存AA量は100ppm未満で、合計単量体残存量は2500ppm未満であった。
(比較例1)
実施例1において、純水のスプレー噴霧を通常のノズル滴下とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、10tスケールでの合成を試みた。ジャケット、コンデンサーは実施例1と同じである。
【0071】
その結果、重合開始後60分経過後あたりから、発泡が非常に激しくなり、ついには重合続行するのが、非常に危険と判断され、途中で打ち切った。また、反応容器上部の壁には、重合体やゲル物が付着していた。
(実施例2、3)
実施例2では参考例2の、実施例3では参考例3の重合処方で、それぞれ10tスケールにスケールアップして、重合体を合成した。ジャケット、コンデンサーその他の条件は実施例1と同様であり、純水を、滴下でなくスプレー噴霧した。噴霧量は、総仕込量に対して、実施例2では約18.8%、実施例3では約28%である。
【0072】
その結果、実施例2で得られた共重合体は、Mw46000、残存MA量3800ppm、残存AA量100ppmであり、合計単量体残存量3900ppmであった。実施例3で得られた重合体は、Mw4000、残存AA量100ppm未満であった。また、実施例2、3とも、反応容器上部の壁への重合体やゲル物の付着がなかった。
(比較例2、3)
純水をスプレー噴霧せずに通常のノズル滴下とした以外は、実施例2、3と同様にした。
【0073】
その結果、比較例2では重合開始後70分経過後あたりから、比較例3では90分後あたりから、発泡が非常に激しくなり、ついには比較例2、3とも、重合を続行するのが非常に危険と判断され、途中で打ち切った。また、比較例2、3とも、反応容器上部の壁には、重合体やゲル物が付着していた。
以上より、実験室レベルの小スケールでは重合可能な処方を、そのままスケールアップしただけでは、除熱能力の大幅な低下から発泡が激しくなり、重合不可能となるが、滴下する純水をスプレー噴霧に切り換えることにより、効果的な発泡抑制が行え、スケールアップできることが分かった。
【0074】
品質的にも、実験室レベルと同等な重合体が得られることが分かり、スプレー噴霧による添加が非常に有効であることが証明された。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる重合体の製造方法によれば、これまで、激しい発泡のため、実験室スケールと同様の製造方法では実機スケールにスケールアップできなかったが、発泡の効果的な抑制ができ、実験室レベルの製造方法をそのままスケールアップできる。そして、品質的にも実験室レベルの重合体と同等な重合体を得ることが出来るため、実験室スケールで、種々の用途に対応して重合体の組成、分子量等調整され開発された重合体を、実機スケールでも再現性良く合成できる。また、反応容器の壁面への重合物やゲル化物の固着も抑制することができる。
【0076】
本発明にかかる重合体の製造方法の具体的な用途としては、例えば、無機顔料分散剤、スケール防止剤、キレート剤、洗剤組成物、繊維処理剤、木材パルプ漂白助剤等が挙げられる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明にかかる重合体製造方法に用いる製造装置の断面図
1 反応容器
2 攪拌機
3 反応系
4 導入口
5 スプレーノズル[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a production method which is preferably applied to the production of a polymer, particularly to the production of a water-soluble polymer.To the lawRelated.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polymers such as water-soluble polymers, among which acrylic acid polymers having a large number of carboxyl groups, maleic acid polymers, copolymers thereof, or polymers having sulfonic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, etc. introduced therein It is known that, by adjusting these compositions and molecular weights, excellent calcium ion trapping action, excellent clay dispersing action, and excellent gelation resistance can be exhibited. Therefore, these polymers are used in a very wide range of applications such as inorganic pigment dispersants, scale inhibitors, chelating agents, detergent compositions, fiber treatment agents, wood pulp bleaching aids, and the like.
[0003]
Many researches and developments have been made on the production methods of these polymers so far, for example, JP-A-62-270605, JP-A-5-239114, JP-A-5-247143, It is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-2167, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-14046, Japanese Patent No. 2574144, and the like.
These conventional researches and developments have been directed to adjustment of composition, molecular weight, etc., reduction of the amount of residual monomers, etc., in order to cope with the above-mentioned various uses by utilizing the features of the water-soluble polymer and the like.
[0004]
However, the problem of scale-up related to the production of these polymers has not been sufficiently studied. When a manufacturing process of a scale of about 5 kg at most from 100 g at the laboratory stage is transferred to an actual plant of a very large scale of about 5 to 30 t, it is inevitable to solve the problem of heat removal. From the relationship between the surface area and the internal volume of the polymerization kettle, it is said that the heat removal capacity becomes exponentially worse as the scale is increased.
[0005]
In general, the production of the polymer is carried out in an aqueous solvent at a high temperature, preferably near the boiling point, from the viewpoint of safety and economy. Therefore, the deterioration of the heat removal capability immediately causes intense foaming, that is, intense boiling, the stirring effect is lost, and the reaction liquid eventually overflows from the polymerization vessel, and it becomes impossible to continue the polymerization itself. Cause the problem to say. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the raw material concentration in order to increase the production efficiency, and it has become even more likely to cause severe foaming, that is, a severe boiling state.
[0006]
In order to suppress such foaming and boiling phenomena, studies have been made on enhancement of heat removal capacity and suppression of heat generation. Specifically, in order to enhance the heat removal capacity, there are improvements in the polymerization apparatus itself such as enhancement of the cooling condenser capacity (enlargement) and addition of a jacket for flowing cooling water around the polymerization vessel. In order to suppress the calorific value, there are improvements in polymerization conditions and the like such as prolongation of polymerization time (that is, dropping time of polymerization raw material) and reduction of polymerization raw material concentration.
[0007]
However, equipment improvement leads to an increase in size of the equipment, which is not only disadvantageous in terms of cost, but also does not provide a fundamental solution for suppressing foaming. Must be combined. On the other hand, the improvement of the polymerization formulation is, as described above, an improvement such as lowering the concentration and increasing the time, which leads to a decrease in productivity and is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer which can solve the problem of heat removal without relying on the large-scale improvement of the above facilities and without improving the above-mentioned polymerization recipe.The lawTo provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies in order to solve the problem of heat removal that occurs when a polymer is produced at a high concentration and in a short time at the actual machine level. As a result, it has been found that when producing a polymer, it is sufficient to add a liquid to the reaction system by a method such as spraying to remove heat from the reaction system, and completed the present invention.
[0010]
Therefore, the method for producing a polymer according to the present invention, when producing a polymer, removes heat from the reaction system by adding a liquid to the reaction system by spraying during polymerization.The method, wherein the polymer is a water-soluble polymer, the polymerization is a stirred solution water-based polymerization, and the polymerization is carried out in a reflux state at a polymerization temperature near the boiling point, and the spray is formed by the reaction system. Spray water as the liquid on the entire liquid surface.
[0011]
In the above, the liquid to be added may be an organic solvent, but is preferably water.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, production of a water-soluble polymer will be described as an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and each requirement constituting the present invention will be described in detail by dividing it into items.
−Addition of liquid for heat removal−
In the present invention, the addition of the heat-removing liquid is fundamental to the suppression of foaming during polymerization, which is the object of the present invention, and the method is to uniformly and efficiently add the heat-removing liquid to the reaction system. Spray spraying is employed as a means that can be performed.
[0013]
The liquid added to the reaction system is vaporized to remove the heat of reaction. The liquid added to the reaction system may serve to cool and wash the walls of the reaction vessel. When the reaction solution adheres to the wall of the reaction vessel, the polymerization proceeds by receiving high heat from the wall, and the polymer adheres to the wall. The polymer adhered to the wall is not preferable because it promotes foaming of the reaction system. The polymer formed on the wall sticks when left for a long time, so it is good to constantly wash it away.
[0014]
<Liquid for heat removal>
As the heat removal liquid, in addition to water, there are a monomer, a polymerization initiator, a pH adjuster and the like, and an aqueous solution thereof, and there is an organic solvent, etc., and the type is not limited. However, it is preferable to use reflux water or other water.
[0015]
More specifically, the additional water is more preferably added water. As the added water, the type of water such as industrial water, tap water, pure water, and ion-exchanged water is not particularly limited as long as it is a water that is usually used in a polymerization reaction and does not hinder the polymerization reaction.
In addition, for example, in the case of using reflux water of the solvent used in the reaction system as the heat removal liquid, a filter or the like is provided in the middle of the pipe to be supplied, so that it is generated by a reflux operation or the like. It is possible to effectively eliminate the clogging of the spray nozzle due to the mixing of the resulting impurities and the like. However, more preferably, the above-mentioned added water which does not cause the above-mentioned problem is used.
[0016]
The reason why it is preferable to use water as the heat removal liquid is as follows.
When a liquid monomer or an aqueous solution thereof used as a raw material for a polymerization reaction is used as a heat-removing liquid and added to a reaction system, polymerization may occur due to heat absorbed from the reaction system. When added by spraying, the heat absorption rate becomes extremely high, so there is a possibility that the polymer may be polymerized before being added to the reaction system. Since the concentration of the monomer added by spraying is very high in a mist state, the monomer becomes a state close to what is called bulk polymerization, becomes a polymer having a very high molecular weight, and has a high possibility of gelation. If gelation occurs near the spray nozzle, the spray nozzle may be clogged and may not be sprayed.
[0017]
When a liquid initiator or an aqueous solution thereof is used as a heat-removing liquid by spraying, the radical initiator may decompose before arriving at the reaction system and lose efficiency due to the extremely high heat absorption rate. is there.
When spraying using an aqueous solution of a solid such as a solid monomer or a pH adjuster as a liquid for heat removal, at the moment of spraying, that is, near the tip of the spray nozzle, moisture evaporates and solids precipitate. , The spray nozzle may be clogged.
[0018]
Organic solvents do not cause problems of polymerization or precipitation even when sprayed and sprayed using as a heat removal liquid, but since their latent heat is generally smaller than the latent heat of water, compared to the case where water is used as a heat removal liquid. Low effect.
<How to add heat removal liquid>
When only one heat-removing liquid is used, it is of course guided from one inlet to the vicinity of the reaction system. When using two or more kinds of heat removal liquids, guide them to the vicinity of the reaction system from different inlets, or mix them all and guide them to the vicinity of the reaction system from only one inlet. To the reaction system through several inlets.
[0019]
The heat removal liquid guided near the reaction system is added to the reaction system in the form of a spray. The spray-type addition is a method of adding the heat-removing liquid as a large number of very fine droplets, and is performed using a spray nozzle. Addition in fine droplets enhances the heat removal effect and effectively suppresses foaming.
Hereinafter, this spraying will be specifically described.
[0020]
The number of spray nozzles is not limited, but is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and even more preferably 6 or more. This is because the larger the number of nozzles, the more the heat-removing liquid is sprayed on the entire liquid surface of the reaction system, and the greater the foam suppression effect. However, if the tip of the spray nozzle is rotated, the number can be reduced.
[0021]
The direction of the spray nozzle is not limited, and may be any of upward, downward, and oblique directions. However, it is preferable that the spray nozzle is set so as to spray the entire liquid surface of the reaction system.
The spray angle is not limited and may be set as appropriate, but is preferably 70 to 150 °.
The type of the spray nozzle is not particularly limited either, and may be a uniform fan, a standard fan, or the like.
[0022]
The droplet diameter (average droplet diameter) when added by spraying is not limited, but is preferably 20 to 1000 μm, more preferably 30 to 500 μm, and most preferably 100 to 350 μm. The smaller the droplet diameter, the larger the surface area of the droplet, the higher the heat absorption rate, and the higher the foam suppression effect. However, if the particle size is too small, the addition capacity is reduced. Therefore, in order to maintain the same addition amount (addition speed), it is necessary to increase the number of spray nozzles, which increases the cost. Therefore, it may be appropriately set in consideration of the state of foaming, in other words, a comparison between the calorific value and the heat removal capacity.
[0023]
At this time, by setting so that the heat removal liquid added by spraying is applied to a wall or the like on the upper portion of the reaction vessel, the wall is washed away with the heat removal liquid. As a result, it is possible to prevent the polymer or gel from sticking or sticking to the wall of the reaction vessel.
<Addition amount>
In order to effectively suppress foaming, the amount of the heat removal liquid to be added is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more, based on the total charged amount of the polymerization.
[0024]
The upper limit of the amount of the heat-removing liquid is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set depending on the production conditions of the target polymer aqueous solution. When the amount of the heat removal liquid is large, the concentration of the polymerization solvent changes according to the amount added during the continuation of the polymerization reaction. Although there may be no hindrance, the amount of the heat-removing liquid is usually preferably up to 60% by weight based on the total charged amount of the polymerization.
[0025]
As long as the polymerization reaction does not interfere with the polymerization reaction, the amount of the heat removal liquid for spraying can be subtracted from the amount of water used as the reaction solvent in the first place to determine the amount of the heat removal liquid to be added. . However, depending on the amount of the heat-removing liquid added, if the polymerization reaction is not hindered, the production method of the present invention can be carried out by adding extra to the reaction system without subtracting from the amount of water as the reaction solvent. You can also.
[0026]
-Production of polymer-
The type of polymer obtained by using the production method of the present invention is not limited. However, when the type of the polymer is a water-soluble polymer or when adapted to an aqueous polymerization method, the effect of the present invention is most remarkable, so that the production of a water-soluble polymer will be described below as an example. Next, a method for producing a polymer according to the present invention will be described.
[0027]
<Monomer component>
Examples of the monomer which is a raw material of the polymer are as follows.
(1) Carboxyl group-containing monomer
For example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomers such as α-hydroxyacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, etc. Monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers, their salts and anhydrides.
[0028]
Here, the salt means an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt or a potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt such as a calcium salt or a magnesium salt, an ammonium salt, an organic amine salt such as a monoethanolamine salt or a triethanolamine salt. And these may be used alone or in combination. Hereinafter, these may be simply referred to as salts.
[0029]
(2) Sulfonic acid group-containing monomer
For example, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, sulfopropyl ( Monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid monomers such as meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxy-3-butenesulfonic acid, and salts thereof.
[0030]
(3) Monomer containing hydroxyl group
For example, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (prenolol), 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (isoprenol), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (isoprene alcohol), 2-hydroxy Monoethylenically unsaturated hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as ethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol monoisoprenol ether, and vinyl alcohol.
[0031]
(4) Other monomers
Amide monomers such as (meth) acrylamide and t-butyl (meth) acrylamide; cationic monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylamide methanephosphonic acid And the like.
[0032]
These monomers (1) to (4) are used alone or in combination. When a copolymer is obtained, a hydrophobic monomer such as vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylic acid ester, styrene or the like may be used, if necessary, in a range that does not hinder the polymerization or that does not significantly impair the water solubility of the obtained polymer. The body can also be used in combination.
In order to effectively realize the heat removal effect of the present invention, it is preferable to adapt the spraying technique of the present invention to the production of a water-soluble polymer or the aqueous polymerization reaction.
[0033]
The method of the present invention can be applied to the production of a polymer other than the water-soluble polymer, as long as the polymerization reaction is carried out in an aqueous system. An effect of preventing adhesion of objects and the like can be exhibited.
When water-soluble polymers are used for inorganic pigment dispersants, scale inhibitors, chelating agents, detergent compositions, fiber treatment agents, wood pulp bleaching aids, etc. And other ingredients.
[0034]
Preferred monomer formulations are shown below.
(A) The monomer (1) is preferably used in an amount of 50 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, and most preferably 100 mol%. Among the monomers (1), (meth) acrylic acid (salt), maleic acid (salt) and anhydrides thereof are particularly preferred. In the case of acrylic acid (salt) / maleic acid (salt) copolymer, the molar ratio of both monomers is preferably 40-60 / 60-40.
[0035]
(B) A composition containing 50 mol% or more of monomer (1) and 30 mol% or less of monomer (2). The total of the monomers (1) and (2) is preferably at least 80 mol%, more preferably 100 mol%. In this case, (meth) acrylic acid (salt), maleic acid (salt) or anhydride is contained in the monomer (1), and 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfone is contained in the monomer (2). Acid (salt), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (salt) and sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate (salt) are particularly preferred.
[0036]
<Solvent>
Although the solvent may be an organic solvent, water is preferred. However, even when water is used, an organic solvent may be appropriately added to water within a range that does not adversely affect polymerization in order to improve the solubility of the monomer in the solvent.
Examples of the organic solvent include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol; lower ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and dioxane; and amides such as dimethyl formaldehyde. And these may be used alone or in combination.
[0037]
<Polymerization initiator>
Although the polymerization initiator is not limited, a radical polymerization initiator is preferable. Hydrogen peroxide, persulfate or a combination thereof is particularly preferred. In some cases, a polyvalent metal ion is used as a chain transfer agent or a decomposition accelerator for the initiator.
Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride, and 4,4′-azobis-4-cyanovalerin. Azo compounds such as acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, peracetic acid, di-t-butyl Organic peroxides such as peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Of these, persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide are preferred. These may be used alone or in combination.
[0038]
The amount of the radical polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 g to 10 g, more preferably 1 to 8 g, per 1 mol of the monomer. If the amount used is less than 0.1 g, the residual amount of the monomer tends to greatly increase, and if it exceeds 10 g, the effect of adding the initiator is no longer improved so much, which is rather economically disadvantageous. . It can be said that the larger the amount of the initiator, the lower the pure amount of the obtained polymer.
[0039]
The method of adding the radical polymerization initiator is preferably dripping, and is not particularly limited. However, in view of the decomposability and the like, the amount of the radical polymerization initiator dripped substantially continuously is preferably 50% by weight or more of the total amount used. , 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight.
In the case of an initiator whose decomposition is relatively slow, such as hydrogen peroxide, the dropping time is preferably completed at least 10 minutes earlier than the monomer dropping time at a polymerization temperature and a polymerization pH described later, and is preferably at least 20 minutes. It is more preferable to finish early. Even if the reaction is completed within 10 minutes before the end of the monomer dropping, the reaction itself is not adversely affected, but there is a waste of the added initiator at the end of the polymerization, and the thermal reaction of the polymer from which the remaining initiator is obtained is reduced. There is also the possibility of adversely affecting stability.
[0040]
On the other hand, in the case of an initiator having relatively fast decomposition, such as persulfate such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate, it is preferable to drop the monomer until the end of the monomer dropping, and it is preferable to drop the monomer dropping end. It is more preferable to end the processing at least 5 minutes later. This is because the remaining amount of the monomer in the obtained water-soluble polymer can be reduced. If the dropping of these initiators is completed before the completion of the monomer dropping, there is no adverse effect on the polymerization reaction, but there is a problem of the monomer remaining.
[0041]
The start of the initiator dripping may be arbitrary. For example, it may be before starting the dropping of the monomer. In the case of an initiator combination system, after starting the dropping of one initiator, after a certain period of time has elapsed, or after terminating the dropping of one initiator, the dropping of another initiator is started. May be. In short, it can be set appropriately according to the decomposition rate of the initiator and the reactivity of the monomer.
<Chain transfer agent>
In the production method of the present invention, a chain transfer agent may be used in combination with a radical initiator within a range that does not adversely affect the polymerization reaction, if necessary, for example, for adjusting the molecular weight of the copolymer. Examples of the chain transfer agent include, but are not limited to, sulfites, bisulfites, hypophosphites, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination.
[0042]
The amount of the chain transfer agent used is preferably within twice the amount of the initiator in weight ratio. Even if it is used more than twice, the effect of addition will no longer be exhibited, and the pure content of the copolymer will be reduced, which is not preferable.
The chain transfer agent is added to the reaction system by a method such as dropping. The dripping time is not limited, and may be appropriately set according to the case.
[0043]
<Polyvalent metal ion>
A polyvalent metal ion may be used in combination with the radical polymerization initiator, if necessary, for example, to promote decomposition of the radical polymerization initiator. Fe2 is an effective polyvalent metal ion.+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cu+, V2+, V3+, VO2+And the like. These may be used alone or in combination.
[0044]
The method of adding the polyvalent metal ion is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to initially charge the entire amount.
The amount used is preferably 100 ppm or less based on the total amount of the reaction solution. If it is used in excess of 100 ppm, the resulting water-soluble polymer may be too colored and may not be usable depending on the application.
[0045]
There is no particular limitation on the supply form of the polyvalent metal ion, and any metal compound or metal may be used as long as it can be ionized in the polymerization reaction system. Examples of such metal compounds and metals include vanadium oxytrichloride, vanadium trichloride, vanadium oxalate, vanadium sulfate, vanadic anhydride, ammonium metavanadate, ammonium hypovanadas [(NH4)2SO4・ VSO4・ 6H2O], ammonium sulfate vanadas [(NH4) V (SO4)2・ 12H2O], copper (II) acetate, copper (II), copper (II) bromide, acetyl acetate, cupric chloride, copper ammonium chloride, copper carbonate, copper (II) chloride, copper (II) citrate, formic acid Copper (II), copper (II) hydroxide, copper nitrate, copper naphthenate, copper (II) oleate, copper maleate, copper phosphate, copper (II) sulfate, cuprous chloride, copper cyanide (I ), Copper iodide, copper oxide (I), copper thiocyanate, iron acetylacetonate, iron ammonium citrate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferric ammonium sulfate, iron citrate, fumarate Water-soluble metal salts such as iron acid, iron maleate, ferrous lactate, ferric nitrate, iron pentacarbonyl, ferric phosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, vanadium pentoxide, copper (II) oxide, and oxide Metal oxides such as ferrous and ferric oxides, copper sulfide ( I), it may be mentioned metal sulfides such as iron sulfide, and other copper powder, iron powder.
[0046]
<Polymerization method>
The polymerization method may be any of continuous polymerization, batch polymerization, and semi-continuous polymerization.
Examples of the continuous polymerization include continuous sheet polymerization and belt polymerization. Examples of the batch-type polymerization include kneader polymerization, stirring polymerization, standing polymerization and the like in terms of equipment, and method include solution polymerization, suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization. Solution polymerization includes solvent-based polymerization and water-based polymerization from the viewpoint of the type of the solvent.
[0047]
The preferred polymerization method is stirred solution polymerization, and the most preferred polymerization method is stirred solution aqueous polymerization.
The stirred solution aqueous polymerization will be described in detail below.
In the case of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer, 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably the entire amount, of the total amount of the monomers used is initially charged. If the initial charge is less than 50% by weight, unreacted substances increase, which is not preferable.
[0048]
In the case of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer, it is added to the reaction system by dropping substantially continuously 70% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably the whole amount, of the total monomer amount, substantially continuously. I do. When the dropping ratio is less than 70% by weight (that is, the initial charge amount is 30% by weight or more), it is very easy to increase the molecular weight. On the other hand, in the case of a copolymer system, polymerization is carried out blockwise at the beginning of polymerization, which is not preferable.
[0049]
The monomer addition time may be appropriately set in consideration of the polymerizability of the monomer, but is preferably 30 to 240 minutes, more preferably 60 to 180 minutes. If the addition time is shorter than 30 minutes, the amount of the monomer added per unit time increases, resulting in a high concentration and the production of a very high molecular weight polymer. In the case of copolymerization, the monomer may be polymerized in a block manner. If the time exceeds 240 minutes, productivity is remarkably reduced, which is not economically preferable.
[0050]
<PH during polymerization>
The pH at the time of polymerization is not limited. However, when an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer is used, the pH is preferably as follows.
When an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer is used, as described above, 50% by weight or more based on the total amount of the monomer is initially charged, but the pH at the end of the initial charging (immediately before the start of dropping or immediately before the start of polymerization) is 5-13, preferably 5-12. Thereafter, the polymerization is started by the addition of other additives (other monomers, initiators, pH adjusters, etc.), and the pH is set so as to gradually decrease as the polymerization proceeds. It is preferably adjusted to 4 to 8 at the end of the addition. This is for the following reason.
[0051]
Generally, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-based monomers are, for example, significantly lower in polymerizability than unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based monomers, so that they are added in a large amount at the initial preparation stage. The concentration of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer is very high, and there is a possibility that the polymerization may occur in a block manner. Therefore, it is necessary to control the polymerizability of the dicarboxylic acid monomer. There are three types of dicarboxylic acid monomers, in which both carboxyl groups are in acid form, one is in acid form (ie, semi-neutralized), and both are in neutral form. Among them, it is known that the semi-neutralized type has the highest reactivity. Thus, by controlling the amount of the semi-neutralized type, the polymerizability of the dicarboxylic acid monomer can be controlled. That is, in the initial stage of polymerization, the amount is limited to some extent to control the polymerizability to some extent, and as the polymerization proceeds and the concentration of the dicarboxylic acid-based monomer decreases, the polymerizability also decreases, so semi-neutralization It is necessary to increase the type abundance. In view of these, the above-mentioned pH is set.
[0052]
Examples of the pH adjuster include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, hydroxides of alkaline earth metals such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, ammonia, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like. Organic amine salts and the like. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are preferred, and sodium hydroxide is particularly preferred.
[0053]
In this specification, these may be simply referred to as “pH adjuster” or “neutralizing agent”.
<Polymerization temperature>
The polymerization temperature is not limited at the time of initial preparation, and may be appropriately set. From the start of the polymerization (at the start of the addition) to the end of the polymerization (when all the additions are completed; when the aging time is set, at the end), the temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably near the boiling point of the polymerization solvent, Most preferably, it is performed at the boiling point. When pH adjustment, concentration adjustment, and the like are performed after completion of the polymerization, there is no particular limitation.
[0054]
When the temperature is lower than 80 ° C., the use efficiency of the polymerization initiator becomes poor, and the residual amount of the monomer of the obtained water-soluble polymer increases, which is not preferable. Performing at the boiling point is preferable because the temperature control becomes very easy and the quality of the obtained polymer becomes very stable.
<Polymerization concentration>
The polymerization concentration is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the necessity such as molecular weight adjustment, but is preferably 35 to 75% by weight, more preferably 40 to 70% by weight at the time of initial preparation. If the amount is less than 35% by weight, the reactivity of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer is very poor, and if it exceeds 75% by weight, the water solubility of the monomer is lost and the reaction solution becomes a slurry, and a precipitate is formed. Uniform polymerization is unlikely. The concentration at the end of the polymerization is preferably 35 to 65% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight. The concentration of the additive is adjusted to match this. When the concentration at the end of the polymerization is less than 35% by weight, as a result, the monomer concentration during the polymerization becomes very low, the reactivity becomes low, and the amount of the residual monomer in the obtained polymer increases. easy. If it exceeds 65% by weight, the viscosity becomes extremely high, so that uniform polymerization is not obtained, and it is not preferable from the viewpoint of handling.
[0055]
<Polymerization pressure>
The polymerization pressure is not limited, and may be any of normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), pressurization, and reduced pressure.
<Polymer>
The weight average molecular weight of the obtained water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 500 to 100,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 30,000, and most preferably from 3,000 to 15,000. The method for measuring the weight average molecular weight will be described later.
[0056]
According to the present invention, the amount of residual monomer in the obtained water-soluble polymer can be extremely reduced, but is 5000 ppm or less in terms of pure content, and 4000 ppm in a preferred embodiment.
-Manufacturing equipment-
FIG. 1 shows a polymer according to the present invention.Used for manufacturing
[0057]
The polymerization reaction may be carried out continuously on a belt instead of such a
[0058]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. “%” Indicates “% by weight”.
Here, first, a method for measuring the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polymer and the residual amount of the monomer will be described.
[0059]
[0060]
[0061]
In addition, about all the monomers, the residual amount was described by the sodium salt conversion value with respect to the solid content.
[0062]
In order to demonstrate that the production method of the present invention is particularly effective on an actual machine scale, first, a production example on a small scale at a laboratory level is shown as a reference example, and then, with the same polymerization recipe as this reference example. The scaled-up example (with spray spray) and the comparative example with similar scale-up (no spray spray) are shown.
(Reference Example 1)
Using maleic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as MA) and acrylic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as AA) as monomers, a copolymer having a molar ratio MA / AA = 50/50 was synthesized as follows.
[0063]
In a 2.5-liter SUS separable flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a reflux condenser, 151.7 g of ion-exchanged water (hereinafter, referred to as pure water) and a 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (hereinafter, 48%) 360 g of anhydrous NaOH) and 235.2 g of anhydrous MA were initially charged, and the temperature of the aqueous solution was raised to a boiling point reflux state with stirring. Then, 216 g of an 80% AA aqueous solution (hereinafter abbreviated as 80% AA) was added to the 35% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (hereinafter abbreviated as 35% H) over 120 minutes from the start of polymerization while maintaining the reflux state under stirring.2O257.6 g of 56.8 g of a 15% aqueous sodium persulfate solution (hereinafter abbreviated as 15% NaPS) and 128.5 g of pure water were added 50 minutes to 130 minutes after the start of the polymerization over 50 minutes from the start of the polymerization. Up to 80 minutes, normal dripping was performed continuously at a uniform speed from only one separate dripping nozzle. Further, for 30 minutes after completion of all the dropwise additions, the boiling point reflux state was maintained to complete the polymerization. In this case, the scale is about 1.2 kg.
[0064]
After the completion of the polymerization, the pH and the concentration were adjusted to obtain a copolymer reference example 1 having a pH of 8.0 and a solid content of 45%.
As a result of the measurement by the method described above, Mw was 9,000, the residual MA amount was 2,600 ppm, the residual AA amount was 100 ppm, and the total monomer residual amount was 2,700 ppm.
(Reference Example 2)
As in Reference Example 1, a copolymer having a molar ratio of MA / AA = 35/65 was synthesized as follows using MA and AA as monomers.
[0065]
96.8 g of pure water, 291.7 g of 48% NaOH, and 171.5 g of anhydrous MA were initially charged into a 2.5-liter SUS separable flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a reflux condenser, and stirred. The temperature of the aqueous solution was raised to a boiling point reflux state. Then, while stirring and maintaining the reflux state, 292.5 g of 80% AA was added to 6 g of 35% H over 120 minutes from the start of polymerization.2O2, 207.9 g of pure water, and 40 g of 15% NaPS were continuously dropped at a uniform rate continuously from only one dropping nozzle each over 170 minutes from the start of polymerization. Further, the boiling point reflux state was maintained for 10 minutes after the completion of all the dropwise additions to complete the polymerization. In this case, the scale is about 1 kg.
[0066]
After completion of the polymerization, the pH and the concentration were adjusted to obtain a copolymer reference example 2 having a pH of 7.0 and a solid content of 40%.
As a result of the measurement, Mw was 45,000, the amount of residual MA was 4000 ppm, and the amount of residual AA was less than 100 ppm. That is, the total amount of residual monomers was less than 4100 ppm.
(Reference Example 3)
Using only AA as a monomer, a homopolymer of AA was synthesized as follows.
[0067]
270 g of pure water was initially charged in a 2.5-liter SUS separable flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a reflux condenser, and the aqueous solution was heated to a boiling point reflux state with stirring. Then, while maintaining the reflux state under stirring, 940 g of a 37% sodium acrylate aqueous solution was mixed with 51.8 g of 15% NaPS and 516.2 g of pure water for 185 minutes from the start of the polymerization over 180 minutes from the start of the polymerization. During this period, ordinary dripping was continuously performed at a uniform rate from only one separate dripping nozzle. Further, the polymerization was completed by maintaining the boiling point reflux state for 5 minutes after completion of all the dropwise additions. In this case, the scale is about 1.8 kg.
[0068]
After the completion of the polymerization, the pH and the concentration were adjusted to obtain a homopolymer Reference Example 3 having a pH of 8.0 and a solid content of 20%.
As a result of the measurement, Mw was 4000 and the amount of residual AA was less than 100 ppm.
(Example 1)
Using the same polymerization recipe as in Reference Example 1, the copolymer was synthesized by scaling up to the actual machine scale as follows so that the total charged amount was 10 t.
[0069]
The initial charge amount and the addition amount were directly scaled up, and the polymerization temperature and the addition time were the same as in Reference Example 1. Then, pure water was sprayed instead of dripped. The spray amount is about 10.5% of the total charge. The spray nozzles are provided with six downwards and two upwards. The spray angles are 90 ° downward and 115 ° upward. The average droplet diameter is 25 μm downward and 160 μm upward, and the spray nozzle can spray the entire liquid surface of the reaction system. After confirming that I went. It should be noted that a jacket divided into three parts, an upper part, a middle part, and a lower part, is provided around the polymerization vessel. The lower portion was passed with steam for initial temperature rise, and was not used after the initiation of polymerization. Cooling water was passed through the middle and upper parts to improve the heat removal capacity together with the installed reflux pipe (condenser). Further, the spray was set so as to also hit the wall surface on the upper part of the reaction vessel, and the wall surface was washed off with water. Therefore, no polymer or gel adhered to the upper wall of the reaction vessel.
[0070]
Thus, the copolymer of Example 1 was obtained.
As a result of the measurement, Mw was 9000, the residual MA amount was 2400 ppm, the residual AA amount was less than 100 ppm, and the total monomer residual amount was less than 2500 ppm.
(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, a 10-ton scale synthesis was attempted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the spraying of pure water was changed to a normal nozzle drop. The jacket and the condenser are the same as in the first embodiment.
[0071]
As a result, around 60 minutes after the start of the polymerization, the foaming became extremely violent, and it was judged that it was extremely dangerous to finally continue the polymerization, and the process was terminated halfway. Further, a polymer or a gel substance was attached to the upper wall of the reaction vessel.
(Examples 2 and 3)
In Example 2, the polymer was synthesized by scaling up to a 10 t scale using the polymerization recipe of Reference Example 2 and Example 3 with the polymerization formulation of Reference Example 3. The jacket, condenser and other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and pure water was sprayed instead of dripping. The spray amount is about 18.8% in Example 2 and about 28% in Example 3 with respect to the total charge amount.
[0072]
As a result, the copolymer obtained in Example 2 had an Mw of 46,000, a residual MA amount of 3,800 ppm, a residual AA amount of 100 ppm, and a total monomer residual amount of 3,900 ppm. The polymer obtained in Example 3 had Mw of 4000 and a residual AA amount of less than 100 ppm. In both Examples 2 and 3, no polymer or gel adhered to the upper wall of the reaction vessel.
(Comparative Examples 2 and 3)
Example 2 and Example 3 were carried out except that a normal nozzle was dropped without spraying pure water.
[0073]
As a result, foaming became very vigorous around 70 minutes after the start of polymerization in Comparative Example 2 and around 90 minutes in Comparative Example 3, and it was very difficult to continue polymerization in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 finally. It was judged dangerous and was terminated halfway. In all of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, a polymer or a gel substance was attached to the upper wall of the reaction vessel.
As described above, if the formulation that can be polymerized on a laboratory-scale small scale is simply scaled up, foaming becomes severe due to a drastic decrease in heat removal ability, making polymerization impossible, but pure water dripping is sprayed. It was found that by switching to, effective foam suppression can be performed and scale-up can be achieved.
[0074]
In terms of quality, it was found that a polymer equivalent to a laboratory level was obtained, and it was proved that addition by spraying was very effective.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
Method for producing the polymer according to the present inventionTo the lawAccording to the report, up to now, due to intense foaming, it was not possible to scale up to the actual scale with the same manufacturing method as the laboratory scale, but foaming can be effectively suppressed and the laboratory level manufacturing method can be scaled up as it is . In addition, because it is possible to obtain a polymer equivalent in quality to a laboratory-level polymer in terms of quality, it has been developed and adjusted on a laboratory scale by adjusting the composition, molecular weight, etc. of the polymer for various uses. Can be synthesized with good reproducibility even on an actual machine scale. In addition, fixation of a polymer or a gel on the wall surface of the reaction vessel can be suppressed.
[0076]
Method for producing the polymer according to the present inventionOf the lawSpecific applications include, for example, inorganic pigment dispersants, scale inhibitors, chelating agents, detergent compositions, fiber treatment agents, wood pulp bleaching aids, and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the production of a polymer according to the present invention.Manufacturing used for the methodSectional view of the device
1 reaction vessel
2 stirrer
3 Reaction system
4 Inlet
5 Spray nozzle
Claims (3)
前記重合体が、水溶性重合体であり、
前記重合が、攪拌溶液水系重合であって沸点近傍の重合温度で還流状態にして重合させ、
前記スプレー噴霧が、前記反応系の液面全体に前記液体として水を噴霧する
重合体の製造方法。In producing a polymer, a method of removing heat from a reaction system by adding a liquid to the reaction system by spraying during polymerization ,
The polymer is a water-soluble polymer,
The polymerization is a stirred solution water-based polymerization and polymerization in a reflux state at a polymerization temperature near the boiling point,
The method for producing a polymer , wherein the spraying sprays water as the liquid on the entire liquid surface of the reaction system .
請求項1に記載の重合体の製造方法。 The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polymer containing at least 80 mol % of a monomer having a carboxyl group .
請求項1または2に記載の重合体の製造方法。A method for producing the polymer according to claim 1.
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| JP21822999A JP3574597B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 1999-07-30 | Method for producing polymer |
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| JP21822999A JP3574597B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 1999-07-30 | Method for producing polymer |
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| JP3574597B2 true JP3574597B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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