JP3574841B2 - Shield excavator cutter bit changing device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shield bit exchanging device for a shield excavator that exchanges a cutter bit of a shield excavator during excavation of a shield tunnel.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
In recent years, with the increase in the length of shield tunnel excavation work, maintenance of the cutter bit of the shield machine has become a problem, and various methods of replacing the cutter bit during excavation have been proposed.
[0003]
In the conventional method of exchanging cutter bits, a shaft for bit exchange is constructed in advance in the middle of a tunnel excavation scheduled position, and when a shield excavator reaches the shaft, the excavator is installed in the shaft. There is a method of replacing a cutter bit by using an intermediate shaft in which a cutter bit fixed to a cutter for tunnel excavation at the front end is replaced.
[0004]
In this method, it is necessary to construct a shaft at the exchange position, which increases the cost. In addition, since a large site is required for the construction of the shaft, there is a restriction on a place, and a long process is required. There is such a problem.
[0005]
In addition, in the ground at the planned tunnel excavation position, an improved ground layer having high stability is formed by injecting a ground hardening agent, and stopped in a state where the tip of the shield excavator has penetrated into the improved ground layer, A method of exchanging cutter bits by advance soil improvement of the front part so that the improved soil on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter is manually discharged from the chamber manhole and the bit exchange work is performed in the space on the front side of the formed tunnel excavation cutter. There is.
[0006]
In this method, there is a problem in safety because it is necessary to excavate the improved ground, remove excavated earth and sand, etc. manually, and it is necessary to stop water between the shield machine and the improved ground. In addition, there is a problem that the process requires a long time.
[0007]
Furthermore, after the shield machine reaches the bit change position, the ground is improved from the inside of the mine by using the freezing method around the front and the front end of the shield machine, and in the same manner as described above, the front side of the tunnel excavator from the chamber manhole. There is a cutter bit replacement method by improving the ground on the front part after reaching, in which the improved soil is discharged manually and the bit replacement work is performed in the space formed on the front side of the cutter for tunnel excavation.
[0008]
In this method, ground improvement is performed from inside the mine by freezing method, so it is not possible to construct in a shield tunnel with a small diameter, it is expected that ground fluctuation will occur due to freezing and thawing, and furthermore, it will take a long time in the process and cost There is a problem such as high.
[0009]
In addition, the shield machine has a mechanical structure that forms a dry space where the cutter bit can be replaced by a mechanical structure, and that allows the drilling cutter to be turned back and forth and drawn into the mine in advance. There is a cutter bit replacement method based on a mechanical structure such as being installed in an excavator.
[0010]
In this method, the structure of the cutter part for tunnel excavation becomes complicated, the bit exchange structure becomes dominant as a manufacturing condition related to the cutter, the manufacturing cost of the shield machine is high, and the shield tunnel having a small diameter is structurally small. Has a problem that it is difficult to use.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the various conventional methods as described above, and has been made with the object of providing a cutter bit exchanging device for a shield excavator that can be constructed safely and easily in a short time at a low cost as compared with the above methods. Things.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The feature of the present invention for solving the conventional problems as described above and achieving the intended purpose is that a cutting bit is protruded at the front end of the rotary cutter for tunnel excavation at the front end of the shield machine. A cutter bit mounting groove slidably mounted in a state where the cutter bit is mounted is provided radially from the center axis side of the rotary cutter, and the bit mounting groove is opened to the outer periphery of the rotary cutter, and the cutter bit mounting groove is formed. The new cutter bit insertion portion is provided at the end of the cutter rotation center, and the new cutter bit insertion portion is provided with cutter bit pushing means for pushing out the cutter bit in the cutter bit mounting groove toward the outer periphery of the rotary cutter. The cutter bit insertion section allows a new cutter bit to be inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove from the back side of the rotary cutter. In a cutter bit changer of shield machine comprising,
[0013]
The cutter bit is 1 or more fixed bit support frame of wider than the cutter bits, the cutter bit mounting groove fitted freely the bit support piece is slid in the back portion of the front opening of the cutter bit is penetrated With a widened part
The new cutter bit insertion portion includes a bit exchange box into which a new cutter bit can be inserted by sliding the new cutter bit from the rear side to the front side, and the rear part of the bit exchange box is opened in a shield machine. A back lid is provided at the opening, and a shutter is provided at a front portion of the bit exchange box, and a front pushing means for pushing a new cutter bit support piece inserted into the bit exchange box into a cutter bit mounting groove position is provided.
[0014]
With the back cover and shutter closed in the bit exchange box, a replacement cutter bit support piece with a new cutter bit mounted therein can be accommodated, and the front shutter is closed in the bit exchange box, Open the back cover and insert the cutter bit support piece, push the cutter bit support piece to the cutter bit mounting groove position by pushing out the front push means with the back cover closed and the shutter open, This is extruded to the outer periphery of the rotary cutter by the cutter bit pushing means.
[0015]
still, It is preferable that the rotary cutter is provided with two stoppers for fixing the cutter bit support piece mounted in the cutter bit mounting groove in a non-slidable manner so that the fixed state by the stopper can be released as appropriate.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
1 and 2 schematically show a cutter portion of a shield machine using the apparatus of the present invention. In the figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a skin plate constituting an outer peripheral cylinder of the shield machine, 2 denotes a partition, and the partition 2 Is the excavation chamber on the front side. A rotary cutter 3 is installed in front of the excavation chamber.
[0018]
The rotary cutter 3 has a plurality of cutter spokes 4, 4... Protruding radially from a center axis 5, and a middle height position on the back surface of each cutter spoke 4 is supported by a support arm 6. The support arm 6 protrudes from the turning ring 7, and is integrally provided with a ring gear 8 for transmitting the turning drive of the rotating ring 7. A pinion gear 10 of a drive motor 9 is meshed with the ring gear 8, and the rotary cutter 3 is rotated by the operation of the drive motor 9.
[0019]
Each of the spokes 4 has a large number of cutter bits 11, 11. As shown in FIG. 6, a predetermined number of the cutter bits 11 are mounted on the cutter bit support piece 12 so as to protrude two by two.
[0020]
The cutter bit support piece 12 is formed wider than the cutter bit 11. On the back surface of each cutter bit support piece 12, a projection 13 for a stopper is integrally provided. Further, a concave groove 12a is formed at the upper end of each cutter bit support piece 12, and a protruding piece 12b is formed at the lower end, and the concave groove 12a and the protruding piece 12b are formed between the vertically adjacent cutter bit support pieces 12, 12. Are fitted to each other. Additionally, carbide inserts 12c is embedded in the tip of the cutter bit support piece 12.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 5, each of the cutter spokes 4 has a columnar shape having a circular cross section, and a cutter bit mounting groove 20 extending in the axial direction is opened in the front surface thereof in the longitudinal direction of the cutter spoke. The cutter bit mounting groove 20 is composed of a bit through groove portion 20a having a slit-shaped opening on the front side of the cutter spoke peripheral wall portion 4a, and a support piece insertion portion 20b formed at the back of the bit through groove portion 20a. I have.
[0022]
The support piece insertion portion 20b is constituted by a pair of convex walls 4b, 4b protruding from the inner surface of the peripheral wall portion 4a of the cutter spoke so as to face each other, and between this and the inner surface of the peripheral wall portion 4a. The support piece 12 is formed in the same sectional shape as the support piece insertion portion 20b.
[0023]
The rear face of the root of the cutter spoke 4 is a new cutter bit insertion section 30. As shown in FIG. 7, the cutter bit insertion portion 30 is integrated with the back of the root of the cutter spoke, the outer periphery of the cutter center shaft 5, and the portion surrounded by the partition wall 2a rotated together with the rotary cutter 3. It has a hollow bit exchange box 31. The bit exchange box 31 is opened at the rear side to the partition wall portion 2a, and can be opened and closed by a back cover 32. The front side is integrated with the cutter spoke 4.
[0024]
The inside of the bit exchange box 31 and the back of the cutter spoke communicating therewith serve as a slide guide for sliding the cutter bit support piece 12 having the cutter bit 11 projecting from the front from the rear opening to the mounting position. On the lower surface of the plate, a rail-shaped convex guide 33 into which the concave groove 12a on the top surface of the cutter bit support piece 12 is fitted, and on the upper surface of the bottom plate, a groove into which the projecting piece 12b on the bottom surface of the cutter bit support piece 12 is fitted. A concave guide 34 is provided.
[0025]
The inside of the cutter spoke 4 in the cutter bit insertion portion 30 has a shape in which the biconvex walls 4b, 4b are removed and the inside of the bit exchange box 31 is extended forward to the peripheral wall 4a. The cutter bit 11 is supported by the guides 33 and 34 and slid forward, so that the cutter bit 11 is projected from the bit through groove 20a to the front of the cutter spoke, and the cutter bit support piece 12 is located on the center shaft 5 side of the support piece insertion part 20b. Is to be inserted into.
[0026]
The center shaft 5 of the rotary cutter 3 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and a bit pushing jack 35 serving as a cutter bit pushing means is provided therein, and the support piece inserting portion 20b is provided by the insertion / removal rod 35a of the jack as described above. The cutter bit supporting piece 12 inserted on the side of the center shaft 5 can be pushed out toward the tip end of the cutter spoke by the length thereof.
[0027]
A bit slide jack 36, which is a front pushing means, is provided in the center shaft 5 in the axial direction, and the lower back surface of the cutter bit support piece 12 is pushed by a slide piece 36a interlocking with the jack. The inside of the exchange box 31 can be moved to a predetermined mounting position, that is, the position of the cutter bit mounting groove 20.
[0028]
In the drawing, reference numeral 37 denotes a front shutter of the bit exchange box 31, which can be opened when the cutter bit is exchanged, and can be closed when the shield excavator excavates.
[0029]
Stoppers 38a and 38b are provided at two places in the cutter spoke 4. On the other hand, the stopper 38a is installed in the tip end of the cutter spoke, and abuts against the stopper projection 13 on the back surface of the cutter bit support piece 12 located at the tip end of the cutter spoke to prevent the movement toward the tip end of the spoke. ing.
[0030]
The other stopper 38b is provided at a position closer to the spoke tip side than the cutter bit insertion portion 30, and the cutter bit support pushed out to the spoke tip side by the length of one support piece by the bit pushing jack 35 described above. The block 12 is connected to the base of the spoke of the stopper projection 13 so as to prevent the cutter bit supporting block from moving toward the center axis 5.
[0031]
Each of these stoppers 38a and 38b can be remotely operated, and can be operated to the disengaged side when the cutter bit is replaced, and to the engaged side after the completion of the work. I have.
[0032]
Next, a method of exchanging cutter bits in the cutter bit exchanging device of the shield machine described above will be described.
[0033]
From the state at the time of excavation shown in FIG. 1, the inhibition of the movement of the cutter bit supporting piece 12 by the two stoppers 38a and 38b is released. Next, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the bit pushing jack 35 is operated to push the cutter bit supporting pieces 12, 12,... To the spoke tip side. At this time, it is preferable to extrude the rotary cutter 3 while rotating it. Thus, the ground is excavated like a copy cutter by the carbide tip 12c at the tip of the cutter bit support piece 12, and the cutter bit support piece 12 can be pushed out smoothly.
[0034]
After a certain amount of extrusion is performed in this way, the rotary cutter 3 is stopped, and the final extrusion by the bit extrusion jack 35 causes the cutter bit support piece 12 with one old cutter bit set at the foremost portion of the spoke to be used. Is released into the ground, that is, outside the shield machine. Thereafter, the stoppers 38a and 38b are returned to the original positions, the movement of the remaining cutter bit support pieces 12 is stopped, and the bit pushing jack 35 is returned to the original state.
[0035]
Next, the back cover 32 of the cutter bit insertion portion 30 is opened, and the cutter bit support piece 12 to which the new cutter bit 11 is fixed by being guided by both internal guides 33 and 34 is inserted into the bit exchange box 31 by using a suitable working machine. , And the slide piece 36a of the bit slide jack 36 is brought into contact with the rear surface thereof.
[0036]
After closing the back cover 32 in this state, the front shutter 37 is opened, and the bit slide jack 36 is operated in the pushing direction to set the cutter bit support piece 12 with the new cutter bit 11 at the spoke root, and The shutter 37 is closed to complete the replacement of the cutter bit.
[0037]
In the above-mentioned method, one cutter bit supporting piece at the foremost part of the spoke is extruded out of the shield machine, and instead, one cutter bit supporting piece is replenished at the spoke root, and one cutter bit supporting piece is provided. Although the old cutter bit is replaced with the new cutter bit, the above operation may be repeated to extrude a plurality of or all the cutter bit support pieces, and the old cutter bit may be replaced with the new cutter bit by replacing the old cutter bit with the new cutter bit. .
[0038]
In the above-described example, the case where the cutter bit is replaced in the spoke type rotary cutter is shown. In addition, a radial slit is provided on the rotary disk, and a number of cutter bits are protruded along the slit. The same can be applied to a rotating disk type rotary cutter.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the cutter bit exchanging device of the shield machine according to the present invention, the cutter bit is provided on the rotary cutter with a cutter bit mounting groove for slidably mounting the cutter bit with its tip protruding from the front surface of the rotary cutter. A new cutter bit insertion portion at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove on the side of the center of rotation of the cutter, and an existing old cutter bit is shielded from the outer periphery of the rotary cutter by the pushing means provided at the new cutter bit insertion portion. By extruding the new cutter bit into the cutter bit mounting groove from the new cutter bit insertion portion to replace the old cutter bit with the new cutter bit, construction of an intermediate shaft, injection of a chemical solution, and air pressure Such operations are not required, and the cost and time can be significantly reduced.
[0040]
In addition, since the work can be performed in the atmosphere in the shield machine, the safety of the work is high, and the associated equipment is reduced and the replacement work time is reduced as compared with the existing bit replacement method from within the shield machine. .
[0041]
Further, since the cutter bit to be replaced is sequentially formed from the outer peripheral side of the rotary cutter, it is possible to replace the cutter bit at any time from a severely worn one so that the cost is high, and furthermore, the replacement work can be advanced while continuing the excavation work. Therefore, there is an effect that the excavation stop time for exchanging bits is short, and the use efficiency of the shield excavator is not reduced.
[0042]
Further, one or more cutter bits are fixed to a bit support piece wider than the cutter bit, and the cutter bit mounting groove slidably fits the bit support piece into a deep portion of the front opening through which the cutter bit passes. By providing the widened portion, the old cutter bit can be easily pushed out and the new cutter bit can be easily attached, and the workability of replacement can be improved.
[0043]
Further, the new cutter bit insertion portion is provided with a bit exchange box into which the new cutter bit can be inserted by sliding the new cutter bit from the rear side to the front side, and the rear part of the bit exchange box is opened in the shield machine, An opening is provided with a back lid and a shutter is provided at a front part of the bit exchange box, so that a replacement cutter bit support piece having a new cutter bit mounted therein can be accommodated inside the rear lid and the shutter when the shutter is closed. Accordingly, the work can be performed in a state where the cutting blade side and the inside of the seal excavator are always shut off, and safety can be enhanced.
[0044]
In addition, the new cutter bit insertion portion is provided with a front pushing means for pushing a cutter bit support piece having the new cutter bit inserted into the bit exchange box into the position of the cutter bit mounting groove. Remote operation can be easily performed in a state where the side is shut off, and the replacement operation can be performed safely with good workability.
[0045]
Further, the rotary cutter is provided with a stopper for fixing the cutter bit mounted in the cutter bit mounting groove so as not to be slidable, so that the fixed state by the stopper can be appropriately released, so that the cutter bit can be fixed and replaced at the time of replacement. The slidable state can be easily set remotely.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a rotary cutter section of a shield machine using a cutter bit changing device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a cutter spoke portion of the same.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the same.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3;
6 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 6 (B) is a front view, and FIG. 6 (C) is a side view showing a cutter bit support piece to which the cutter bit used in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is fixed. .
FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view showing a cutter bit insertion portion of the device shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 7;
9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the state of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the state where the old cutter bit is pushed out and the state where the new cutter bit is being inserted.
FIG. 10 is a partial front view of the same.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Skin plate 2 Partition wall 3 Rotating cutter 4 Cutter spoke 4a Peripheral wall part 4b Convex wall 5 Cutter center axis 6 Support arm 7 Revolving ring 8 Ring gear 9 Drive motor 10 Pinion gear 11 Cutter bit 12 Cutter bit support piece 12a Recessed groove 12b Convex piece 12c Ultra Hard tip 13 Protrusion for stopper 20 Cutter bit mounting groove 20a Bit through groove 20b Support piece insertion part 30 Cutter bit insertion part 31 Bit exchange box 32 Back cover 33 Convex guide 34 Depressed guide 35 Bit pushing jack 35a Exit rod 36 Bit slide Jack 36a Slide piece 37 Front shutter 38a, 38b Stopper

Claims (2)

On the rotary cutter for tunnel excavation at the front end of the shield excavator, a cutter bit mounting groove for slidably mounting the cutter bit with its tip protruding from the front surface of the rotary cutter is formed radially from the center axis side of the rotary cutter. The bit mounting groove is opened to the outer periphery of the rotary cutter, and a new cutter bit insertion portion is provided at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove on the side of the cutter rotation center. The cutter bit is provided with a cutter bit pushing means for pushing a cutter bit in the cutter bit mounting groove toward the outer periphery of the rotary cutter, and the new cutter bit insertion portion can insert a new cutter bit into the cutter bit mounting groove from the back side of the rotary cutter. In the cutter bit exchange device of the shield machine that becomes
One or a plurality of the cutter bits are fixed to a bit supporting piece wider than the cutter bit, and the bit supporting piece is slidably fitted into a deep portion of a front opening through which the cutter bit penetrates. With a widened part
The new cutter bit insertion portion includes a bit exchange box into which a new cutter bit can be inserted by sliding the new cutter bit from the rear side to the front side, and the rear part of the bit exchange box is opened in a shield machine. A back lid is provided at the opening, and a shutter is provided at a front portion of the bit exchange box, and a front pushing means for pushing a new cutter bit support piece inserted into the bit exchange box into a cutter bit mounting groove position is provided.
With the back cover and shutter closed in the bit exchange box, a replacement cutter bit support piece with a new cutter bit mounted therein can be accommodated, and the front shutter is closed in the bit exchange box, Open the back cover and insert the cutter bit support piece, push the cutter bit support piece to the cutter bit mounting groove position by pushing out the front push means with the back cover closed and the shutter open, A cutter bit exchanging device for a shield excavator, characterized in that the cutter bit extruding means is extruded to the outer peripheral side of the rotary cutter . 2. The shield according to claim 1, wherein the rotary cutter is provided with two stoppers for fixing the cutter bit support pieces mounted in the cutter bit mounting grooves in a non-slidable manner, so that the fixed state by the stoppers can be appropriately released. Machine for excavating cutter bits.

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