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JP3585804B2 - Direction determination method - Google Patents
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JP3585804B2 - Direction determination method - Google Patents

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JP3585804B2
JP3585804B2 JP2000061022A JP2000061022A JP3585804B2 JP 3585804 B2 JP3585804 B2 JP 3585804B2 JP 2000061022 A JP2000061022 A JP 2000061022A JP 2000061022 A JP2000061022 A JP 2000061022A JP 3585804 B2 JP3585804 B2 JP 3585804B2
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waveform
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sampling
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current waveform
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JP2001251754A (en
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見幸 仲林
匡史 北山
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、電力系統を事故などから保護する保護継電器に利用されるものであり、特に電力方向や短絡方向などを判別する方向継電器に利用される方向判別方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図7は例えば「保護継電工学」(電気学会編、オーム社、1980年発行、129頁)に示された従来の短絡方向継電器の位相特性を示す説明図である。電力方向や短絡方向の判別では、相電流と線間電圧とで方向判別が行われる。組み合わせ方は、電流が電圧に対して90°進みの関係となる90°進み接続方式(Ia〜Vab)と30°進み関係になる30°進み接続方式(Ia〜Vac)とが多用されている。短絡方向継電器としては、三相短絡、二相短絡を全て検出できるように位相特性を決定しており、90°進み接続では電圧基準で30°進みを最大感度角に、30°進み接続では電圧基準で30°遅れを最大感度角に選んでいる。また、電力方向継電器では、最大感度角は、力率1のとき最大感度がとれるように設定される。また、地絡方向継電器では、零相電流と零相電圧とで方向判別が行われ、最大感度角は中性点接地方式に合わせて選ばれる。
【0003】
次に、電流と電圧との位相差を求め、位相差から方向を判別する方法を説明する。
例えば、電流と電圧の組み合わせは90°進み接続、最大感度角は電圧基準で30°進みを選択した場合、電流と電圧との位相差β−αについて、VIcos(β−α−30°)の符号で短絡方向が判別できる。VIcos(β−α−30°)は式1で表されるので、VIsin(β−α),VIcos(β−α)を求めれば良いことがわかる。
VIcos(β−α−30°)=VIcos(β−α)cos(30°)+VIsin(β−α)sin(30°) (式1)
【0004】
「電気共同研究、第41巻 第4号 ディジタルリレー、昭和61年1月発行」の45頁、第4−1−3表に位相差演算方式の代表例が記載されており、図8は上記代表例の一つである積形C方式の位相差演算方式を示す説明図である。
電流波形、電圧波形が電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定して、電圧の振幅をV、位相をα、電流の振幅をI、位相をβとすると式2となる。但し、サンプリング周期は電気角30°の場合である。

Figure 0003585804
よって、式3のように、v ,vm−3 ,i ,im−3 からVIcos(β−α),VIsin(β−α)を求めることができる。
Figure 0003585804
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の方向判別方法は以上のように構成されているので、図1に示すように自家用発電機2と商用系統1とを連系して使用しているような状況下で、商用系統1側での落雷などによる事故などが原因で、電圧低下が生じた場合、自家用発電機2側の重要負荷を保護するために高速に連系点を解列する必要がある。
一方、自家用発電機2側の回線で事故が発生した場合には、高速に連系点および事故回線を遮断すると、電圧が不安定となり、最悪の場合には自家用発電機2がダウンしてしまう可能性がある。したがって、自家用発電機2を継続して安定運転するためには連系点を解列すべきではない。また、事故の影響を受けて自家用発電機2がダウンする可能性もあり、自家用発電機2がダウンしても健全回線の重要負荷を継続運転するために、連系点を解列すべきではない。
そこで、事故発生時などで商用系統1で電圧低下が生じた場合には、連系点において高速に短絡方向や電力方向を判別する必要がある。重要負荷を継続運転するためには、事故発生後の1サイクル以内に連系点を解列する必要があるので、遮断器の動作時間などを考慮すると1/4サイクル以内に方向判別する必要がある。
しかしながら、従来の方向判別方法では電流波形および電圧波形が電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形のみであることを前提として演算を行うので、フィルタを使用して電流波形や電圧波形に含まれる高調波成分や直流成分を取り除いている。このため、フィルタの過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要があり、1/4サイクル以下の短い時間において正確な判別はできないなどの課題があった。
【0006】
この発明は上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、短い時間において正確に方向判別する方向判別方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る方向判別方法は、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電圧波形、計測したサンプリング電圧値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電圧波形を推定する電圧波形推定工程と、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電流波形、計測したサンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電流波形とサンプリング電流値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電流波形を推定する電流波形推定工程と、推定された電流波形と推定された電圧波形との位相差を算出する位相差算出工程と、算出された位相差に応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えたものである。
【0008】
この発明に係る方向判別方法は、電流波形推定工程において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するようにしたものである。
【0009】
この発明に係る方向判別方法は、電流波形推定工程において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するようにしたものである。
【0010】
この発明に係る方向判別方法は、オームの法則に基づいたインピーダンスを含む理論式、計測したサンプリング電圧値、サンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により理論式にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧値とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となるインピーダンスを推定するインピーダンス推定工程と、推定されたインピーダンスに応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えたものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の一形態を説明する。
実施の形態1.
図1はこの発明の実施の形態1による方向判別方法を利用した事故検出装置を示す電力系統図であり、図において、1は商用系統、2は自家用発電機、3は自家用発電機2と商用系統1との連系点に設けられ、事故の発生方向に応じてその連系点を高速解列する事故検出装置である。
図2はこの発明の実施の形態1による方向判別方法を利用した方向判別装置を示す構成図であり、図において、11は電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電圧波形、計測したサンプリング電圧値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電圧波形を推定する電圧波形推定部(電圧波形推定工程)、12は電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電流波形、計測したサンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電流波形とサンプリング電流値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電流波形を推定する電流波形推定部(電流波形推定工程)、13は電流波形推定部12によって推定された電流波形と電圧波形推定部11によって推定された電圧波形との位相差を算出する位相差算出部(位相差算出工程)、14は位相差算出部13によって算出された位相差に応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別部(方向判別工程)である。
【0012】
次に動作について説明する。
まず、電圧波形推定部11および電流波形推定部12に関して詳細に説明する。図3は電流波形推定方法および電圧波形推定方法を示す説明図である。図において、×は所定のサンプリング時刻に計測されたサンプリング電圧値、・は所定のサンプリング時刻に計測されたサンプリング電流値であり、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値には、高調波成分が含まれており、それら計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値からそのまま電流と電圧との位相差を算出するのでは、その位相差に大きな誤差を含んでしまう。そこで、まず、電圧波形を高調波成分が含まれていない電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形(v(t)=Vsin(ω t+α))であると仮定する。この仮定した電圧波形では、振幅Vおよび位相αが不特定であるが、計測したサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により、仮定した電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅Vおよび位相αの関数(Vcosα,Vsinα)を特定し、それら特定された関数から電圧波形を推定する。
電流波形についても同様に、電流波形を高調波成分が含まれていない電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形(i(t)=Isin(ω t+β))であると仮定し、計測したサンプリング電流値およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により、仮定した電流波形とサンプリング電流値との誤差が最小となる振幅Iおよび位相βの関数(Icosβ,Isinβ)を特定し、それら特定された関数から電流波形を推定する。
【0013】
以下、電圧波形推定部11について具体的に説明する。
電圧波形を電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形で近似するために式4のようにおく。
v(t)=Vsin(ω t+α) (式4)
式を簡単にするため、c=Vcosα,d=Vsinαとし、式4を式5とおきなおす。
Figure 0003585804
k=1,・・・,nとして、計算値vtkと実測値v(t )の誤差s を式6のようにおく。
【数1】
Figure 0003585804
誤差s を最小とするc,dは連立方程式7より得られる。
【数2】
Figure 0003585804
【0014】
連立方程式7をc,dについて解くと、式8のようにサンプリング時刻およびサンプリング電圧値からc(=Vcosα),d(=Vsinα)を求める関数f,gを得ることができる。よって、電圧波形推定部11では式8の計算を実施する。
Vcosα=f(t・・・,t ,vt1・・・,vtn
Vsinα=g(t・・・,t ,vt1・・・,vtn) (式8)
実際に関数f,gを求めた結果は式9である。
【数3】
Figure 0003585804
以上の結果、求められたc(=Vcosα),d(=Vsinα)を式5に代入することにより、式4に示した高調波成分が含まれていない電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅Vおよび位相αが特定された電圧波形を推定することができる。
一方、電流波形推定部12に関しても、電圧波形推定部11と同様の計算が行われる。
【0015】
次に、電圧と電流との位相差算出部13について説明する。
電圧と電流との位相差算出部13では、電流と電圧との位相差β−αに関して、電圧波形推定部11と電流波形推定部12とで得られたVsinα,Vcosα,Isinβ,Icosβを用いて、式10を実行してVIsin(β−α),VIcos(β−α)を算出する。
Figure 0003585804
方向判別部14では従来方式と同様に、図4の位相特性などを利用して、VIsin(β−α),VIcos(β−α)の算出値より短絡方向や電力方向を判別する。
【0016】
以上のように、この実施の形態1によれば、電圧波形を電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定し、計測したサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により、仮定した電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電圧波形を推定し、電流波形についても同様に推定して、推定された電流波形と電圧波形との位相差により短絡方向や電力方向を判別するようにしたので、電圧波形や電流波形に高調波成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれていない電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電圧波形および電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる。
【0017】
実施の形態2.
この実施の形態2は、実施の形態1における電流波形推定部12において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するようにしたものである。電流波形推定部12以外は実施の形態1と同様である。
電流波形を電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値aの和として近似するために式11のようにおく。
i(t)=Isin(ω t+β)+a (式11)
式を簡単にするため、c=Icosβ、d=Isinβとし、式11を式12とおきなおす。
Figure 0003585804
k=1,・・・,nとして、計算値itkと実測値i(t )の誤差s を式13のようにおく。
【数4】
Figure 0003585804
誤差s を最小とするc,d,aは連立方程式14より得られる。
【数5】
Figure 0003585804
【0018】
連立方程式14をc,d,aについて解くと、式15のようにサンプリング時刻およびサンプリング電流値からc(=Icosβ),d(=Isinβ)を求める関数f,gを得ることができる。よって、電流波形推定部12では式15の計算を実施する。
Icosβ=f(t・・・,t ,it1・・・,itn
Isinβ=g(t・・・,t ,it1・・・,itn) (式15)
実際に連立方程式14から関数f,gを求めた結果については、複雑な式となるので省略するが、3次連立方程式を解くだけなので計算は容易である。
【0019】
以上のように、この実施の形態2によれば、実施の形態1に加えて、電流の直流分を考慮して、電流波形を電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値との和であると仮定して推定するようにしたので、電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれておらず、直流成分が加味された電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる。
【0020】
実施の形態3.
この実施の形態3は、実施の形態1における電流波形推定部12において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するようにしたものである。電流波形推定部12以外は実施の形態1と同様である。
電流波形を電源周波数ω と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数(at+b)の和として近似するために式16のようにおく。
i(t)=Isin(ω t+β)+at+b (式16)
式を簡単にするため、c=Icosβ、d=Isinβとし、式16を式17とおきなおす。
Figure 0003585804
k=1,・・・,nとして、計算値itkと実測値i(t )の誤差s を式18のようにおく。
【数6】
Figure 0003585804
誤差s を最小とするc,d,a,bは連立方程式19より得られる。
【数7】
Figure 0003585804
【0021】
連立方程式14をc,d,a,bについて解くと、式20のようにサンプリング時刻およびサンプリング電流値からc(=Icosβ)、d(=Isinβ)を求める関数f,gを得ることができる。よって、電流波形推定部12では式20の計算を実施する。
Icosβ=f(t・・・,t ,it1・・・,itn
Isinβ=g(t・・・,t ,it1・・・,itn) (式20)
実際に連立方程式19から関数f,gを求めた結果については、複雑な式となるので省略するが、4次連立方程式を解くだけなので計算は容易である。
【0022】
以上のように、この実施の形態3によれば、実施の形態1に加えて、電流の直流分を考慮して、電流波形を電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数との和であると仮定して推定するようにしたので、電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれておらず、直流成分が加味された電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる。
【0023】
実施の形態4.
図5はこの発明の実施の形態4による方向判別方法を利用した方向判別装置を示す構成図であり、図において、21はオームの法則に基づいたインピーダンスを含む理論式、計測したサンプリング電圧値、サンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により理論式にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧値とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となるインピーダンスを推定するインピーダンス推定部(インピーダンス推定工程)、22はインピーダンス推定部21によって推定されたインピーダンスに応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別部(方向判別工程)である。
【0024】
次に動作について説明する。
まず、インピーダンス推定部21について具体的に説明する。
電流、電圧に対して、オームの法則に基づいた式21を満たすR,Lを求める。
【数8】
Figure 0003585804
式21の両辺を積分し、式22のようにおき、式21を式23に書きなおす。
【数9】
Figure 0003585804
式24におけるR・x +L・y は、式23における右辺にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧積分値の計算値であり、また、式24におけるZ は、サンプリング電圧値を積分した電圧積分値の実測値であり、それら計算値と実測値の誤差s を式24のようにおく。
【数10】
Figure 0003585804
誤差s が最小となるようなR,Lは連立方程式25より得られる。
【数11】
Figure 0003585804
【0025】
連立方程式25よりR,Lを求めると式26が得られる。よって、インピーダンス推定部21では式26の計算を実施する。
上記では、式21を積分して、電圧積分値の計算値と実測値との誤差が最小となるようにR,Lを求める方法について説明したが、式21をそのまま利用して、電圧の計算値と実測値との誤差が最小となるようにR,Lを求めてもよい。
【数12】
Figure 0003585804
【0026】
方向判別部22では、インピーダンス推定部21で得られたR,Lの算出値から、短絡方向や電力方向を判別する。
例えば、電圧を線間電圧、電流を相電流の差とした場合、算出インピーダンスは距離継電器の測距インピーダンスとなり、図6のような位相特性が得られる。従って、(Ia−Ib〜Vab),(Ib−Ic〜Vbc),(Ic−Ia〜Vca)の関係より求めた3つのR,Lの組み合わせに関して、R,Lが共に負となる組み合わせが1つでも存在した場合には逆方向、R,Lが共に負となる組み合わせが存在しなかった場合には順方向と判別するような方法が考えられる。
【0027】
以上のように、この実施の形態4によれば、オームの法則に基づいたインピーダンスを含む理論式、計測したサンプリング電圧値、サンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により、理論式にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧値とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となるインピーダンスを推定し、推定されたインピーダンスにより短絡方向や電力方向を判別するようにしたので、電圧波形や電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値から、インピーダンスを推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる。また、周波数に依存しないので、電圧波形や電流波形に周波数変動がある場合においても適用することができる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明によれば、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電圧波形、計測したサンプリング電圧値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電圧波形を推定する電圧波形推定工程と、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電流波形、計測したサンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電流波形とサンプリング電流値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電流波形を推定する電流波形推定工程と、推定された電流波形と推定された電圧波形との位相差を算出する位相差算出工程と、算出された位相差に応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えるように構成したので、電圧波形や電流波形に高調波成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれていない電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電圧波形および電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる効果が得られる。
【0029】
この発明によれば、電流波形推定工程において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するように構成したので、電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれておらず、直流成分が加味された電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる効果が得られる。
【0030】
この発明によれば、電流波形推定工程において、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定するように構成したので、電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電流値から、高調波成分が含まれておらず、直流成分が加味された電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であり、振幅および位相が特定された電流波形を推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる効果が得られる。
【0031】
この発明によれば、オームの法則に基づいたインピーダンスを含む理論式、計測したサンプリング電圧値、サンプリング電流値、およびサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により理論式にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧値とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となるインピーダンスを推定するインピーダンス推定工程と、推定されたインピーダンスに応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えるように構成したので、電圧波形や電流波形に高調波成分や直流成分が含まれていても、フィルタを使用せずに計測されたサンプリング電圧値およびサンプリング電流値から、インピーダンスを推定することができ、フィルタによる過渡特性による遅れを考慮する必要がなく、短い時間で正確な方向判別をすることができる。また、周波数に依存しないので、電圧波形や電流波形に周波数変動がある場合においても適用することができる効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施の形態1による方向判別方法を利用した事故検出装置を示す電力系統図である。
【図2】この発明の実施の形態1による方向判別方法を利用した方向判別装置を示す構成図である。
【図3】電流波形推定方法および電圧波形推定方法を示す説明図である。
【図4】この発明の実施の形態1による方向判別部を示す説明図である。
【図5】この発明の実施の形態4による方向判別方法を利用した方向判別装置を示す構成図である。
【図6】この発明の実施の形態4による方向判別部を示す説明図である。
【図7】従来の短絡方向継電器の位相特性を示す説明図である。
【図8】積形C方式の位相差演算方式を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 商用系統、2 自家用発電機、3 事故検出装置、11 電圧波形推定部(電圧波形推定工程)、12 電流波形推定部(電流波形推定工程)、13 位相差算出部(位相差算出工程)、14,22 方向判別部(方向判別工程)、21 インピーダンス推定部(インピーダンス推定工程)。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a protection relay for protecting a power system from accidents and the like, and more particularly to a direction discrimination method used for a direction relay for discriminating a power direction, a short circuit direction, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the phase characteristics of a conventional short-circuit direction relay shown in, for example, "Protective Relay Engineering" (edited by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Ohmsha, published in 1980, page 129). In the determination of the power direction or the short circuit direction, the direction is determined based on the phase current and the line voltage. As the combination method, a 90 ° lead connection method (Ia to Vab) in which the current leads by 90 ° with respect to the voltage and a 30 ° lead connection method (Ia to Vac) in which the current leads by 30 ° are frequently used. . As the short-circuit direction relay, the phase characteristic is determined so that all three-phase short-circuits and two-phase short-circuits can be detected. A delay of 30 ° is selected as the maximum sensitivity angle on a standard basis. In the power directional relay, the maximum sensitivity angle is set so that the maximum sensitivity can be obtained when the power factor is 1. In the ground fault direction relay, the direction is determined based on the zero-phase current and the zero-phase voltage, and the maximum sensitivity angle is selected according to the neutral point grounding method.
[0003]
Next, a method of determining the phase difference between the current and the voltage and determining the direction from the phase difference will be described.
For example, when the combination of the current and the voltage is set to lead by 90 ° and the maximum sensitivity angle is set to advance by 30 ° based on the voltage, the phase difference β-α between the current and the voltage is determined by the difference of VIcos (β-α-30 °). The sign indicates the short-circuit direction. Since VIcos (β−α−30 °) is represented by Expression 1, it can be seen that VIsin (β−α) and VIcos (β−α) may be obtained.
VIcos (β−α−30 °) = VIcos (β−α) cos (30 °) + VIsin (β−α) sin (30 °) (Equation 1)
[0004]
A typical example of the phase difference calculation method is described in Table 4-1-3 on page 45 of "Electric Joint Research, Vol. 41, No. 4, Digital Relay, issued in January 1986," and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the phase difference calculation system of the product type C system which is one of the representative examples.
Assuming that the current waveform and the voltage waveform are sine waveforms having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, Expression 2 is obtained when the voltage amplitude is V, the phase is α, the current amplitude is I, and the phase is β. However, the sampling period is a case where the electrical angle is 30 °.
Figure 0003585804
Therefore, as in Equation 3, v m, v m- 3, i m, from i m-3 VIcos (β- α), can be obtained VIsin (β-α).
Figure 0003585804
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional direction discriminating method is configured as described above. Therefore, in a situation where the private generator 2 and the commercial system 1 are used in an interconnected manner as shown in FIG. When a voltage drop occurs due to an accident due to a lightning strike or the like, it is necessary to disconnect the interconnection point at high speed in order to protect an important load on the private generator 2 side.
On the other hand, when an accident occurs on the line on the side of the private generator 2, if the interconnection point and the accident line are cut off at high speed, the voltage becomes unstable, and in the worst case, the private generator 2 goes down. there is a possibility. Therefore, the interconnection point should not be disconnected in order to continue stable operation of the private generator 2. In addition, there is a possibility that the private generator 2 may go down due to the influence of the accident, and even if the private generator 2 goes down, the interconnection point should be disconnected in order to continue the important load of the healthy line. Absent.
Therefore, when a voltage drop occurs in the commercial system 1 at the time of occurrence of an accident or the like, it is necessary to quickly determine the short-circuit direction and the power direction at the interconnection point. In order to continue the operation of the important load, it is necessary to disconnect the interconnection point within one cycle after the occurrence of the accident. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the direction within 1/4 cycle in consideration of the operation time of the breaker. is there.
However, in the conventional direction discriminating method, the calculation is performed on the assumption that the current waveform and the voltage waveform are only sine waveforms having the same frequency as the power supply frequency. Therefore, the harmonic components included in the current waveform and the voltage waveform are filtered using a filter. And DC components are removed. For this reason, it is necessary to consider the delay due to the transient characteristics of the filter, and there has been a problem that accurate determination cannot be made in a short time of 1/4 cycle or less.
[0006]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and has as its object to provide a direction discriminating method for accurately discriminating a direction in a short time.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The direction discrimination method according to the present invention provides a method of calculating a difference between a voltage waveform and a sampling voltage value by a least square method according to a voltage waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as a power supply frequency, a measured sampling voltage value, and a sampling cycle. A voltage waveform estimating step of estimating a voltage waveform composed of an amplitude and a phase in which an error is minimized, and a current waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, a measured sampling current value, and a sampling period, A current waveform estimating step of estimating a current waveform composed of an amplitude and a phase that minimizes an error between the current waveform and the sampling current value by the least square method, and calculating a phase difference between the estimated current waveform and the estimated voltage waveform Phase calculating step, and a direction determining step of determining a power direction or a short circuit direction according to the calculated phase difference. It is intended.
[0008]
In the direction discriminating method according to the present invention, in the current waveform estimating step, the current component is considered in consideration of the DC component of the current and the current waveform is assumed to be the sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a constant value. The waveform is estimated.
[0009]
In the direction discriminating method according to the present invention, in the current waveform estimating step, in consideration of the DC component of the current, the current waveform is assumed to be a sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a linear function, The current waveform is estimated.
[0010]
According to a direction discriminating method according to the present invention, a sampling current value is substituted into a theoretical expression by a least squares method according to a theoretical expression including impedance based on Ohm's law, a measured sampling voltage value, a sampling current value, and a sampling period. An impedance estimating step of estimating an impedance that minimizes an error between the calculated voltage value and the sampling voltage value, and a direction determining step of determining a power direction or a short-circuit direction according to the estimated impedance. is there.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a power system diagram showing an accident detection apparatus using a direction discriminating method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a commercial system, 2 is a private generator, and 3 is a private generator 2 and a commercial generator. This is an accident detection device that is provided at an interconnection point with the system 1 and that disconnects the interconnection point at high speed in accordance with the direction in which the accident occurs.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a direction discriminating apparatus using the direction discriminating method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a voltage waveform assuming a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency. A voltage waveform estimating unit (voltage waveform estimating step) for estimating a voltage waveform having an amplitude and a phase that minimizes an error between the voltage waveform and the sampling voltage value according to the least square method according to the sampling voltage value and the sampling cycle; Is the amplitude and phase that minimize the error between the current waveform and the sampling current value by the least squares method according to the current waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, the measured sampling current value, and the sampling period. A current waveform estimating section (current waveform estimating step) for estimating a current waveform composed of A phase difference calculating section (phase difference calculating step) for calculating a phase difference between the current waveform obtained and the voltage waveform estimated by the voltage waveform estimating section 11, and an electric power corresponding to the phase difference calculated by the phase difference calculating section 13. This is a direction determining unit (direction determining step) for determining the direction or the short circuit direction.
[0012]
Next, the operation will be described.
First, the voltage waveform estimating unit 11 and the current waveform estimating unit 12 will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a current waveform estimation method and a voltage waveform estimation method. In the figure, x indicates a sampling voltage value measured at a predetermined sampling time, and * indicates a sampling current value measured at a predetermined sampling time, and indicates a sampling voltage value and a sampling current value measured without using a filter. Contains a harmonic component, and if the phase difference between the current and the voltage is directly calculated from the measured sampling voltage value and sampling current value, the phase difference will include a large error. Therefore, first, it is assumed to be a sine wave of the same frequency as the power supply frequency omega 0 is not included the voltage waveform harmonic component (v (t) = Vsin ( ω 0 t + α)). In the assumed voltage waveform, the amplitude V and the phase α are unspecified, but the error between the assumed voltage waveform and the sampling voltage value is minimized by the least square method according to the measured sampling voltage value and sampling period. A function (Vcosα, Vsinα) of the amplitude V and the phase α is specified, and a voltage waveform is estimated from the specified functions.
Similarly, the current waveform is assumed to be a sinusoidal waveform (i (t) = Isin (ω 0 t + β)) having the same frequency as the power supply frequency ω 0 that does not include a harmonic component, and the measured sampling is performed. According to the current value and the sampling period, the functions (Icosβ, Isinβ) of the amplitude I and the phase β that minimize the error between the assumed current waveform and the sampling current value are specified by the least square method, and the specified functions are specified. From the current waveform.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the voltage waveform estimating unit 11 will be specifically described.
Put as Equation 4 in order to approximate the voltage waveform at the same frequency of the sine wave power supply frequency omega 0.
v (t) = Vsin (ω 0 t + α) (Equation 4)
In order to simplify the expression, c = Vcosα, d = Vsinα, and Expression 4 is replaced with Expression 5.
Figure 0003585804
k = 1, ···, as n, put calcd v tk and measured values v an error s 2 of (t k) as shown in Equation 6.
(Equation 1)
Figure 0003585804
C to the error s 2 minimized, d is obtained from simultaneous equations 7.
(Equation 2)
Figure 0003585804
[0014]
When the simultaneous equations 7 are solved for c and d, functions f and g for obtaining c (= Vcosα) and d (= Vsinα) from the sampling time and the sampling voltage value can be obtained as shown in Expression 8. Therefore, the voltage waveform estimating unit 11 performs the calculation of Expression 8.
Vcosα = f (t 1 , ... , T n , v t1 , ... , V tn )
Vsinα = g (t 1 , ... , T n , v t1 , ... , V tn ) (Equation 8)
Equation 9 shows the result of actually obtaining the functions f and g.
(Equation 3)
Figure 0003585804
As a result, by substituting the obtained c (= Vcosα) and d (= Vsinα) into Equation 5, a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency ω 0 containing no harmonic component shown in Equation 4 is obtained. And the voltage waveform with the specified amplitude V and phase α can be estimated.
On the other hand, the same calculation as that of the voltage waveform estimating unit 11 is performed for the current waveform estimating unit 12.
[0015]
Next, the phase difference calculating section 13 between the voltage and the current will be described.
The voltage-current phase difference calculation unit 13 uses Vsinα, Vcosα, Isinβ, and Icosβ obtained by the voltage waveform estimation unit 11 and the current waveform estimation unit 12 for the phase difference β-α between the current and voltage. , Expression 10 to calculate VIsin (β−α) and VIcos (β−α).
Figure 0003585804
The direction determination unit 14 determines the short-circuit direction and the power direction from the calculated values of VIsin (β−α) and VIcos (β−α) using the phase characteristics of FIG.
[0016]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the voltage waveform is assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, and is assumed by the least square method according to the measured sampling voltage value and sampling period. A voltage waveform consisting of an amplitude and a phase that minimizes the error between the voltage waveform and the sampling voltage value is estimated, and a current waveform is also estimated in the same manner. Since the power direction is determined, even if the voltage waveform or the current waveform contains a harmonic component, the harmonic component is included from the sampling voltage value and the sampling current value measured without using a filter. It is a sinusoidal waveform with the same frequency as the power supply frequency that is not It is not necessary to consider delays due to the transient characteristics can be precise direction determination in a short time.
[0017]
Embodiment 2 FIG.
Second embodiment, the current waveform estimating unit 12 in the first embodiment, the current in consideration of the DC component of the current, it was assumed that the same frequency of the sine wave power supply frequency omega 0 and the sum of a constant value The current waveform is estimated according to the waveform. The configuration other than the current waveform estimation unit 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Put as Equation 11 in order to approximate the current waveform as the sum of a constant value a same frequency of the sine wave power supply frequency omega 0.
i (t) = Isin (ω 0 t + β) + a (Equation 11)
In order to simplify the equation, c = Icosβ and d = Isinβ, and Equation 11 is replaced with Equation 12.
Figure 0003585804
k = 1, ···, as n, put error s 2 Calculated i tk and measured values i (t k) as shown in Equation 13.
(Equation 4)
Figure 0003585804
C to the error s 2 minimum, d, a is obtained from the simultaneous equations 14.
(Equation 5)
Figure 0003585804
[0018]
When the simultaneous equations 14 are solved for c, d, and a, functions f and g for obtaining c (= Icos β) and d (= Isin β) can be obtained from the sampling time and the sampling current value as shown in Expression 15. Therefore, the current waveform estimating unit 12 performs the calculation of Expression 15.
Icosβ = f (t 1, ··· , t n, i t1, ···, i tn)
Isinβ = g (t 1, ··· , t n, i t1, ···, i tn) ( Formula 15)
The result of actually obtaining the functions f and g from the simultaneous equations 14 is a complicated equation, and therefore will be omitted, but the calculation is easy because only the cubic simultaneous equations are solved.
[0019]
As described above, according to the second embodiment, in addition to the first embodiment, the current waveform is the sum of the sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and the constant value in consideration of the DC component of the current. Even if the current waveform contains harmonic components and DC components, it is assumed that the harmonic components are not included from the sampling current value measured without using a filter. It is a sinusoidal waveform with the same frequency as the power supply frequency to which the DC component is added, and can estimate the current waveform whose amplitude and phase are specified. Accurate direction discrimination can be performed.
[0020]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
The third embodiment, the current waveform estimating unit 12 in the first embodiment, in consideration of the DC component of the current, was assumed to be the sum of the sinusoidal waveform and the primary function of the same frequency as the power supply frequency omega 0 The current waveform is estimated according to the current waveform. The configuration other than the current waveform estimation unit 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Put as Equation 16 in order to approximate the current waveform as the sum of a sine waveform and a linear function of the same frequency as the power supply frequency ω 0 (at + b).
i (t) = Isin (ω 0 t + β) + at + b (Equation 16)
In order to simplify the expression, c = Icosβ and d = Isinβ, and Expression 16 is replaced with Expression 17.
Figure 0003585804
k = 1, ···, as n, put error s 2 Calculated i tk and measured values i (t k) as shown in Equation 18.
(Equation 6)
Figure 0003585804
C to the error s 2 minimum, d, a, b are obtained from the simultaneous equations 19.
(Equation 7)
Figure 0003585804
[0021]
When the simultaneous equations 14 are solved for c, d, a, and b, functions f and g for obtaining c (= Icosβ) and d (= Isinβ) can be obtained from the sampling time and the sampling current value as shown in Expression 20. Therefore, the current waveform estimating unit 12 performs the calculation of Expression 20.
Icosβ = f (t 1, ··· , t n, i t1, ···, i tn)
Isinβ = g (t 1, ··· , t n, i t1, ···, i tn) ( Formula 20)
The result of actually obtaining the functions f and g from the simultaneous equations 19 will be omitted because it is a complicated equation, but the calculation is easy because only the fourth-order simultaneous equations are solved.
[0022]
As described above, according to the third embodiment, in addition to the first embodiment, in consideration of the DC component of the current, the current waveform is represented by the sum of the sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and the linear function. Assuming that there is a harmonic component and a DC component in the current waveform, the harmonic component is not included from the sampling current value measured without using a filter. It is a sinusoidal waveform with the same frequency as the power supply frequency to which the DC component is added, the current waveform whose amplitude and phase are specified can be estimated, and there is no need to consider the delay due to the transient characteristics due to the filter. It is possible to determine the direction accurately.
[0023]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a direction discriminating apparatus using a direction discriminating method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 21 denotes a theoretical equation including impedance based on Ohm's law, a measured sampling voltage value, An impedance estimating unit (impedance estimating unit) that estimates an impedance that minimizes an error between a voltage value calculated by substituting the sampling current value into a theoretical formula by the least square method according to the sampling current value and the sampling cycle and the sampling voltage value. Steps) and 22 are direction discriminating sections (direction discriminating steps) for discriminating the power direction or the short-circuit direction according to the impedance estimated by the impedance estimating section 21.
[0024]
Next, the operation will be described.
First, the impedance estimating unit 21 will be specifically described.
For current and voltage, R and L satisfying Expression 21 based on Ohm's law are obtained.
(Equation 8)
Figure 0003585804
Equation 21 is integrated and both sides are integrated, as shown in Equation 22, and Equation 21 is rewritten into Equation 23.
(Equation 9)
Figure 0003585804
R · x i + L · y i in Equation 24 is the calculated value of the voltage integral value calculated by substituting the sampled current value on the right side in equation 23, also, Z i in Equation 24 integrates the sampled voltage value a measured value of the voltage integral value, put the error s 2 thereof calculated and measured values as shown in equation 24.
(Equation 10)
Figure 0003585804
R as error s 2 is the minimum, L is obtained from the simultaneous equations 25.
(Equation 11)
Figure 0003585804
[0025]
When R and L are obtained from the simultaneous equations 25, the following equation 26 is obtained. Therefore, the impedance estimating unit 21 performs the calculation of Expression 26.
In the above description, the method of calculating R and L so as to minimize the error between the calculated value of the voltage integration value and the actually measured value by integrating Equation 21 has been described. R and L may be determined so that the error between the value and the measured value is minimized.
(Equation 12)
Figure 0003585804
[0026]
The direction determining unit 22 determines the short-circuit direction and the power direction from the calculated values of R and L obtained by the impedance estimating unit 21.
For example, when the voltage is the line voltage and the current is the difference between the phase currents, the calculated impedance is the distance measurement impedance of the distance relay, and the phase characteristic as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. Therefore, as for the three combinations of R and L obtained from the relations (Ia-Ib to Vab), (Ib-Ic to Vbc), and (Ic-Ia to Vca), one combination in which R and L are both negative is 1 A method is conceivable in which if there is at least one, it is determined to be in the reverse direction, and if there is no combination in which both R and L are negative, it is determined to be in the forward direction.
[0027]
As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the theoretical equation including the impedance based on Ohm's law, the measured sampling voltage value, the sampling current value, and the sampling period are calculated according to the least squares method according to the theoretical equation. The impedance that minimizes the error between the voltage value calculated by substituting the sampling current value and the sampling voltage value is estimated, and the short-circuit direction and the power direction are determined based on the estimated impedance. Even if the waveform contains harmonic components or DC components, the impedance can be estimated from the sampling voltage value and sampling current value measured without using a filter, and the delay due to the transient characteristics of the filter is taken into account. There is no need, and accurate direction discrimination can be performed in a short time. In addition, since it does not depend on the frequency, the present invention can be applied even when the voltage waveform or the current waveform has a frequency variation.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the voltage waveform and the sampling voltage value are calculated by the least square method according to the voltage waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, the measured sampling voltage value, and the sampling period. A voltage waveform estimating step of estimating a voltage waveform composed of an amplitude and a phase that minimizes an error with respect to a current waveform assumed as a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, a measured sampling current value, and a sampling period. A current waveform estimating step of estimating a current waveform composed of an amplitude and a phase that minimizes an error between the current waveform and the sampling current value by the least square method; and a phase difference between the estimated current waveform and the estimated voltage waveform. And a direction determining step of determining a power direction or a short circuit direction according to the calculated phase difference. Even if the voltage and current waveforms contain harmonic components, a power supply that does not contain harmonic components is obtained from the sampling voltage and sampling current measured without using a filter. It is a sine waveform with the same frequency as the frequency, and can estimate the voltage and current waveforms whose amplitude and phase are specified.There is no need to consider the delay caused by the transient characteristics of the filter, and accurate direction determination can be performed in a short time. The effect that can be obtained is obtained.
[0029]
According to the present invention, in the current waveform estimating step, the current waveform is estimated according to the current waveform that is assumed to be the sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a constant value in consideration of the DC component of the current. Therefore, even if the current waveform contains harmonic components and DC components, the sampling current value measured without using a filter does not include It is a sinusoidal waveform with the same frequency as the added power supply frequency, and can estimate the current waveform whose amplitude and phase are specified. It is not necessary to consider the delay caused by the transient characteristics of the filter, and it is possible to accurately determine the direction in a short time. Is obtained.
[0030]
According to the present invention, in the current waveform estimating step, the current waveform is calculated in accordance with the current waveform assuming the sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a linear function in consideration of the DC component of the current. Because it is configured to estimate, even if the current waveform contains harmonic components and DC components, the harmonic components are not included from the sampling current value measured without using a filter, and the DC components are not included. Is a sinusoidal waveform of the same frequency as the power supply frequency with the addition of the power supply frequency, and the current waveform with the specified amplitude and phase can be estimated. The effect that the discrimination can be performed is obtained.
[0031]
According to the present invention, according to a theoretical formula including impedance based on Ohm's law, a measured sampling voltage value, a sampling current value, and a sampling cycle, the sampling current value is calculated by substituting the theoretical formula by the least square method. It is configured to include an impedance estimating step of estimating an impedance that minimizes an error between the obtained voltage value and the sampling voltage value, and a direction determining step of determining a power direction or a short-circuit direction according to the estimated impedance. Even if the voltage waveform or current waveform contains harmonic components or DC components, the impedance can be estimated from the sampling voltage and sampling current measured without using a filter, and the Accurate direction determination in a short time without having to consider delay Door can be. In addition, since the frequency waveform does not depend on the frequency, an effect that can be applied even when the voltage waveform or the current waveform has a frequency variation is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a power system diagram showing an accident detection device using a direction determination method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a direction discriminating apparatus using a direction discriminating method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a current waveform estimation method and a voltage waveform estimation method.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a direction determining unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a direction discriminating apparatus using a direction discriminating method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a direction determining unit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing phase characteristics of a conventional short-circuit direction relay.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a phase difference calculation method of a product C method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 commercial system, 2 private generator, 3 accident detection device, 11 voltage waveform estimator (voltage waveform estimation step), 12 current waveform estimator (current waveform estimation step), 13 phase difference calculator (phase difference calculation step), 14, 22 direction discrimination unit (direction discrimination step), 21 impedance estimation unit (impedance estimation step).

Claims (4)

電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電圧波形、計測したサンプリング電圧値、およびそのサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電圧波形とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電圧波形を推定する電圧波形推定工程と、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形であると仮定した電流波形、計測したサンプリング電流値、およびそのサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により電流波形とサンプリング電流値との誤差が最小となる振幅および位相からなる電流波形を推定する電流波形推定工程と、上記電流波形推定工程によって推定された電流波形と上記電圧波形推定工程によって推定された電圧波形との位相差を算出する位相差算出工程と、上記位相差算出工程によって算出された位相差に応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えた方向判別方法。According to the voltage waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, the measured sampling voltage value, and the sampling period, the amplitude and phase that minimize the error between the voltage waveform and the sampling voltage value by the least squares method A voltage waveform estimating step of estimating a voltage waveform consisting of: a current waveform assumed to be a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency, a measured sampling current value, and a current waveform obtained by a least square method according to the sampling period. A current waveform estimating step of estimating a current waveform composed of an amplitude and a phase in which an error from the sampling current value is minimized; a current waveform estimated by the current waveform estimating step; and a voltage waveform estimated by the voltage waveform estimating step. Phase difference calculating step of calculating the phase difference of the phase difference calculated by the phase difference calculating step Direction determination method and a direction determination step of determining the power direction or short direction according. 電流波形推定工程は、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と一定値との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方向判別方法。The current waveform estimating step estimates a current waveform according to a current waveform that is assumed to be a sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a fixed value in consideration of the DC component of the current. The method according to claim 1. 電流波形推定工程は、電流の直流分を考慮して、電源周波数と同じ周波数の正弦波形と1次関数との和であると仮定した電流波形に応じて、電流波形を推定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方向判別方法。The current waveform estimating step estimates a current waveform according to a current waveform assumed to be a sum of a sine waveform having the same frequency as the power supply frequency and a linear function in consideration of a DC component of the current. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the direction is determined. オームの法則に基づいたインピーダンスを含む理論式、計測したサンプリング電圧値、サンプリング電流値、およびそのサンプリング周期に応じて、最小二乗法により理論式にサンプリング電流値を代入して算出した電圧値とサンプリング電圧値との誤差が最小となるインピーダンスを推定するインピーダンス推定工程と、上記インピーダンス推定工程によって推定されたインピーダンスに応じて電力方向または短絡方向を判別する方向判別工程とを備えた方向判別方法。According to the theoretical formula including impedance based on Ohm's law, the measured sampling voltage value, the sampling current value, and the sampling period, the voltage value and sampling calculated by substituting the sampling current value into the theoretical formula by the least squares method A direction discriminating method comprising: an impedance estimating step of estimating an impedance that minimizes an error from a voltage value; and a direction discriminating step of discriminating a power direction or a short-circuit direction according to the impedance estimated by the impedance estimating step.
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