JP3588438B2 - Fish sauce and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
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- JP3588438B2 JP3588438B2 JP2000113614A JP2000113614A JP3588438B2 JP 3588438 B2 JP3588438 B2 JP 3588438B2 JP 2000113614 A JP2000113614 A JP 2000113614A JP 2000113614 A JP2000113614 A JP 2000113614A JP 3588438 B2 JP3588438 B2 JP 3588438B2
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- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 87
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 89
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
- YWHLKYXPLRWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl trisulfide Chemical compound CSSSC YWHLKYXPLRWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- BYGQBDHUGHBGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(C)C=O BYGQBDHUGHBGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=N1 NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001893 (2R)-2-methylbutanal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000269851 Sarda sarda Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000962514 Alosa chrysochloris Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000446386 Patis Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000642 dynamic headspace extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILVNLMOTMFTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyrimidine Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CC=N1 RILVNLMOTMFTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010028690 Fish Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、調味料として異臭、不快臭を有しない魚醤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に魚介類を原料とした調味料として、東南アジアでは、ヌクマム、ナンプラー、パティス等、日本では、いしり、しょっつる、いかなご醤油等が有名である。これら調味料は、独特のうまみを有しており、使用することにより、食品の味を向上させ、また、新たな嗜好を満足させることが可能となる。徐々に独特のうまみが認知され、食品に多く使用させようとしている。しかし、これら調味料を食品に使用する場合、うまみを向上させ、新しい味の嗜好を付与するかわりに、魚醤自体の異臭により、食品そのものの風味を損うために、新しい味の嗜好を付与する食品群に制限が与えられている。
【0003】
それらの問題を解決するために、これら異臭を除去するための方法として、限外濾過を用いた方法(特開平4−346767)、魚醤のpHを調整し、水蒸気蒸留する方法(特開平5−64563)、麹未分解物に揮発性アミンを吸着させる方法(特開平3−47051)等が上げられる。しかしながら、上記、限外濾過を利用し除去する方法は、ある特定の異臭は除去するが、不快臭、蒸れ臭、塩臭さが十分に除去できず、また、うまみ成分も同時に除去する欠点を有しているし、魚醤pHを調整し水蒸気蒸留する方法は、pHの設定、減圧条件が適当でないため、異臭の原因物質を十分に除去できず、蒸れ臭、塩臭さが十分に除去できない。さらに、麹未分解物に揮発性アミンを吸着させる方法は、麹からの不必要な、麹由来の香りが付加されたり、アミン以外の異臭原因物質は、十分に除去できない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、魚醤を食品に添加したとき、その食品の風味を損なう香気成分を特定し、効率よく、うまみ成分を減ずることなく、余分な異臭を付与することなく、軽減もしくは除去することにより、食品に添加しても、食品の風味を損なうことのない調味料を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため、魚醤中の香気成分を詳細に検討した結果、食品に添加されるとその風味を損なう香気成分として、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドを特定した。さらに、それら香気成分の効率的な除去法を鋭意検討した結果、特定アルカリ条件下にて、減圧下において、特定時間処理することにより、効率よく除去出来ることを見出した。また、これら香気成分を減少させることにより、魚醤を食品に添加した時の、食品自体の風味を損なうことなく、利用できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明の一つの態様は、塩分22%、総窒素1.7%に換算した50gの魚醤に、内部標準として、1%シクロヘキサノールを3μl 添加した後、該魚醤中の香気成分を回収して、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析したとき、魚醤中の香気成分が下記のいずれか一つ以上の関係を満たすことを特徴とする魚醤である:
(1) 2−メチルプロパナールのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約2.5以下、好ましくは約2.0以下、
(2) 2−メチルブタナールのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約0.8以下、好ましくは約0.4以下、
(3) 2−エチルピリジンのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約0.002以下、好ましくは約0.001以下、
(4) ジメチルトリサルファイドのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約0.02以下、好ましくは約0.012以下。
【0007】
上記香気成分のうち、好ましくは、2−エチルピリミジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドの少なくとも一種の香気成分が除去された魚醤が特に好ましい。したがって、本発明の好ましい魚醤は、上記の分析条件により、香気成分が下記のいずれか一つ以上を満たす魚醤である。
(3) 2−エチルピリジンのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約0.001以下、
(4) ジメチルトリサルファイドのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が約0.012以下。
但し、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析の結果は、約±20%の誤差を生じることがしばしばあるので、一回の分析で上記(1) 〜(4) の面積比を超える場合でも、多数回の測定値の平均値が上記(1) 〜(4) の関係を満たす魚醤は本発明の範囲に含まれる。
【0008】
本発明の別の態様は、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドからなる群から選択される不快臭の少なくとも一種の含有量を低下させる工程を含む魚醤の製造方法、ならびに該方法により製造された魚醤である。本発明の方法は、食品に調味料として添加したとき、不快臭を感じさせない品質の良好な魚醤を製造することができる。
【0009】
本発明によれば、上記臭気成分の含有量を低下させる工程は、不快臭を除去または低減させる必要がある魚醤を、弱アルカリ性のpHで、約80〜180torrの減圧条件下で処理して、臭気成分を除去することからなる。好ましい処理時間は30分以上、より好ましくは2〜16時間である。減圧処理の後、必要に応じて好ましくは魚醤のpHを4.5〜7.0に再調整する。
【0010】
魚醤とは、魚を原料とした液体調味料を指し、例えば、東南アジアにおける魚と塩で熟成させた魚醤、魚蛋白を蛋白分解酵素、または、蛋白分解酵素と有している菌を利用して製造した調味料であり、例えば、これらに限定するわけではないが、東南アジアでは、ヌクマム、ナンプラー、パティス等、日本では、いしり、しょっつる、いかなご醤油等として知られているものがある。一般的に分析値として、塩分10〜23%、総窒素分1.2〜3.0%のものである。本発明の方法によれば、これらの魚醤を出発原料として、不快臭を感じさせない品質の良好な魚醤を製造することができる。また、出発原料として、従来知られている魚醤に仕上がる以前の液状物を使用してもよい。さらに、本明細書の従来技術として述べた方法により、臭気等の除去を意図した処理が行われた魚醤であっても、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドからなる群から選択される臭気成分の少なくとも一種の含有量を低下させることにより、調味料としての性質が改善されうる魚醤も、本発明の方法の出発原料として使用可能である。
【0011】
本発明の魚醤の製造方法を、さらに具体的に説明すると、まず、不快臭を除去または低減させるべき魚醤に苛性ソーダ等のアルカリを添加して、pH約9.0〜10.0、望ましくは、9.2〜9.8に調整する。次に、温度約40℃以下、望ましくは、10〜35℃、そして約80〜180torr、望ましくは90〜150torrの減圧条件で、約2時間から約16時間、望ましくは、3時間から10時間処理する。その後、塩酸等の酸で中和し、pHを約4.5〜7.0に調整することにより、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、ジメチルトリサルファイド等の臭気成分が効率よく除去、もしくは、低減できることが判った。減圧処理は、都合よくは、真空濃縮装置により行うが、その構造については、単缶式、流下式等いずれも可能である。また、気液向流接触装置も同様に可能である。その後、残滓は濾過除去し、濾液を活性炭(例えば水蒸気賦活炭、薬品賦活炭)、合成吸着剤(例えば脱鉄樹脂(PF、SB:北越炭素製)、吸着樹脂(KS、HS、AF(北越炭素製)、イオン交換樹脂(例えばXAD(ロームアンドハース社))等で脱色することにより淡色で、異質な香気成分の少ない調味料が得られる。
【0012】
こうして得られる本発明の魚醤は、通常液状であるが、これをさらに約40℃から80℃、望ましくは、50℃から65℃にて、減圧条件(例えば約80〜180torr、望ましくは90〜150torr)で減圧濃縮し、水分12%から35%、望ましくは17%から25%に調整し、ペーストにした場合、異質な香気成分は、さらに軽減し、不快臭の少ない利用範囲の広い調味料とすることが可能である。
【0013】
さらには、上記の方法によりにおいを軽減した魚醤および、そのペーストを紛体化することにより、さらに不快な匂いのない魚醤を製造することが可能である。
【0014】
本発明の魚醤中の2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドからなる群から選択される臭気成分の含有量は、アルカリ条件での減圧処理を行う前の従来の魚醤に比べて、約1/2以下、好ましくは約1/3以下である。臭気成分の中でも、少なくとも2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドのいずれか一方の含有量が、アルカリ条件での減圧処理を行う前の従来の魚醤に比べて、約1/2以下、好ましくは約1/3以下に減少している。
【0015】
魚醤中の臭気成分の含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより確認することが可能である。具体的には、塩分22%、総窒素1.7%に換算した50gの魚醤に、内部標準として、1%シクロヘキサノールを3μl 添加した後、該魚醤の香気成分をパージアンドトラップ法にて吸着剤に吸着させ、これをガスクロマトグラフに供与し、FID検出器で検出することができる。香気成分の量は、分離された各香気成分によるピーク面積とシクロヘキサノールのピーク面積との比として表される。
【0016】
一方、臭気成分を同定するには、ガスクロマトグラムから導かれた保持時間を利用し、ノルマルアルカンの保持時間との相対関係から、リテンションインデックス(以下RI値とする)を算出して、固有値を算出する(なお、RI値についても、分析値ぶれがあり、プラスマイナス20の誤差が存在するため、ここに表現しているRI値は、当然、プラスマイナス20の誤差を考慮している)。さらに、各RI値の臭気成分を、ガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーターにより、同一RI値の成分のスペクトルを分析し、既知物質のスペクトルと比較して、当該RI値の臭気成分を確定する。
【0017】
分析法の詳細を例示すれば、以下の通りである。
【0018】
不快臭ピークの特定とRI値の算出
まず、魚醤から香気成分を分離する。香気成分の分離法は、パージアンドトラップ法で行う。ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製のテナックス捕臭セット(cat.no.2709−66026)を用いて、なす型フラスコ(100ml)にサンプルを50g(約42ml)入れ、内部標準物質(1%シクロヘキサノール溶液)を3μL加え、40℃で3分保温後、引き続き、40℃で高純度窒素ガスを50ml/minでパージし、捕臭剤(テナックスTA)にサンプルの香気成分を吸着させる。これら吸着させた捕臭剤を揮発成分濃縮導入装置(PTI/TCT CP−4010ジーエルサイエンス製)に装着する。次に、捕臭した香気成分をガスクロマトグラフに注入する。
ガスクロマトグラフの条件
ガスクロマトグラフ装置:日立製作所 G3900
濃縮導入装置:GLサイエンス CP4010
カラム: CP−WAX
カラムサイズ:60m×0.25mm ID 0.25μ
検出器: FID
分析条件:
始発温度 50℃
最終温度 230℃
昇温レイト 2℃/min
注入温度:200℃
検出器温度:250℃
ヘリウムガス流速:20cm/S
内部標準物質:1%シクロヘキサノール
リテンションインデックス(RI)は、定法に則り以下の数式で算出する。
RI=100×Z+(tR(物質)−tR(Z))/(tR(Z+1)−tR(Z))×100
上記中、tRは保持時間であり、Zはノルマルアルカンの炭素数を表す。
臭いの性質については、ガスクロマトグラフ内のカラムの出口を分岐し、一部は検出器(FID)、他方は、直接臭いを嗅ぐ出口とし、その出口から臭いを嗅いで各ピークの特徴を特定する。
【0019】
不快臭の成分同定
各不快臭のピークについて、成分の同定のためガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーター解析を行う。ガスクロマトグラフの分析条件と同じ条件にて分離する。
ガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーター:JEOL社 JXS−DX303
イオン化方法:electron impacted ionization
イオンソース温度:200℃
スキャン レイト:25−500 amu.
スキャン時間:1 秒
解析装置:JEOL社 JMA−DA5000
ガスクロマトグラフで解析した各不快臭ピークのRI値に基づき、同一RI値のピークをもつ既知物質と比較して、各ピークの物質を同定後、再度、においの性質、純物質のRI値を算出し、物質の確定を行う。
【0020】
この分析方法による不快臭成分のリテンションインデックス(RI)は、2−メチルプロパナールが817±20、2−メチルブタナールが926±20、2−エチルピリジンが1289±20、ジメチルトリサルファイドが1378±20である。
【0021】
本発明によれば、海外産の魚醤を食品に添加したときその食品の風味を損なう香気成分を鋭意検討した結果、香りの分析法であるガスクロマトグラフとガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーターにて、従来から言われているトリメチルアミンを代表とするアミン類とは違う、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、ジメチルトリサルファイドに、強力に食品にはなじまない香気成分が存在することが判った。当然ながら、各産地での魚醤における上記香気成分の混合比率は、変化があるが、これら成分の最低1成分、もしくはそれらの内、いくつかを含んでいれば、食品に添加したときに、食品の風味を損なうことも明らかになった。上記香気成分について、さらに、詳しく説明するならば、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、ジメチルトリサルファイドの香気成分は、それぞれの特長として、焦げ臭、すっぱい焦げ臭、青臭さ、糞便臭を有し、特に異質で、強い、望ましくない香気成分であり、魚醤全般に存在している物質であり、食品に添加したときにその食品の風味を損なう物質である。さらに、最低、2−エチルピリジン、ジメチルトリサルファイドの香気成分はそれぞれ、内部標準比で≦0.002〜0.001、内部標準比で≦0.02〜0.012であることにより、目的の、食品に添加してその風味を損なわない魚醤が達成される。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
従来の魚醤を調味料として食品に添加した場合、少量であってもその不快感が顕著に現れ、とくにおでんつゆ等においては、カツオの風味を損ない、味と香りのバランスが壊れるため適さなかった。本発明の魚醤では、異臭成分が十分に除去できているため、おでんつゆに添加してもカツオ風味、醤油風味を壊すことなく、さらに、不快臭以外の香気成分との相乗効果によりカツオの風味が効果的に増強され、かつ、魚醤を加えることによる新しい呈味の付与できることが判った。
したがって、本発明により、不快臭がなく、さらに調味料中のコク味、うま味を増強させることのできる魚醤を提供することが出来る。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に関して、実施例を示して説明する。
【0024】
実施例1
塩分22%、総窒素分1.7%のタイ産魚醤(タイフィッシュソース社製)約60kgに苛性ソーダを添加し、pH9.5に調整後、マルチジェットコンデンサー付単缶式の真空蒸発缶(容量約200リッター、内径約60cm、高さ約80cm)に導入し、温度35℃に達温後、真空度120torrに減圧し、温度35℃を維持しながら、5時間攪拌した。減圧処理後、塩酸によりpH5.2に調整し、不溶成分等を濾布により除去した。その後、濃縮器で減圧濃縮し、水分約65%、塩分約22%に調整することにより魚醤を得た。
【0025】
実施例2
実施例1に記載の方法により、調整した魚醤をマルチジェットコンデンサー付単缶式の真空蒸発缶(容量約200リッター、内径約60cm、高さ約80cm)に導入し、温度60℃に達温後、真空度120torrに減圧し、温度60℃を維持しながら、ブリックス50%までにし、析出した成分を濾布ろ過で除去。さらに減圧濃縮でブリックス74%までに濃縮し、水分約20%、塩分約34%の魚醤のペーストを得た。
【0026】
比較例1
タイ産魚醤(タイフィッシュソース社製)を限外濾過膜(旭化成工業(株)SIP−1013 分子量分画6000)に供し、水分約65%、塩分約22%に調整し、魚醤を得た。
【0027】
比較例2
タイ産魚醤(タイフィッシュソース社製)を苛性ソーダでpH8.4に調整し、その魚醤500mlを2リットル三頸コルベンに入れ、マントルヒーターにて加熱攪拌し、水流式アスピレーターで減圧した。約50〜60torrに減圧し、沸騰が始まったら魚醤液面下に水蒸気を吹き込む。水蒸気蒸留約1時間行い、約430mlの処理液を得た。得られた処理液に塩酸でpH6.0に再調整し、不溶性成分を濾過にて除去した。その後、ロータリーエバポレーターで減圧濃縮し、水分約65%、塩分約22%に調整し魚醤を得た。
上記それぞれ実施例1、比較例1,比較例2の最終製品について、ガスクロマトグラフ分析を行い、標記RI値を有する物質の含有量を内部標準物質の面積値との比にて求めた。
【0028】
比較試験例1
ガスクロマトグラフの分析方法を用いて、未処理魚醤と実施例1、2の魚醤と比較例1、比較例2の魚醤について、香気分析を実施した。
その結果を表1に示す。
【0029】
【表1】
【0030】
実施例1,2の魚醤には、それぞれの香気成分が、未処理魚醤と比較して、1/2〜1/3以上減少しており、また、比較例1、比較例2と比較しても、減少していることが判った。数値は、内部標準面積値を分母に、各成分の面積を分子にして除した値である。
【0031】
比較試験例2
実施例の魚醤と未処理の魚醤の官能評価を行った。第一に5%希釈液を作成し、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について最も強いもの5点、最も弱いもの1点で評価した。好ましさについては、最も好ましいものを5点、最も好ましくないものを1点として評価した。
その結果を、表2に示す。
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
実施例1、2の魚醤は、未処理の魚醤、および比較例1,2の魚醤と比較して、魚醤特有の不快臭が微弱であることが判った。
【0034】
比較試験例3
実施例の魚醤と未処理の魚醤をおでんつゆに添加して、おでんつゆの風味について、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について最も好ましいもの5点、最も好ましくないもの1点で評価した。おでんつゆの配合は、表3に示した。結果を表4に示した。
【0035】
【表3】
【0036】
【表4】
【0037】
実施例1の魚醤を添加した、おでんつゆは、カツオ及び醤油の香りを損なわず、かつ、不快成分除去後の魚醤中の成分が、醤油、カツオの風味を効果的に増強する。この増強効果は従来の不快臭を低減させた魚醤を単に配合させただけでは達成できない。この増強効果により、魚醤の呈味が添加される調味料のコク味、うまみを強化して、総合的な好ましさが増大し、特徴のあるおでんつゆが提供できることが判った。
【0038】
上記、表1〜4の結果から、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよびジメチルトリサルファイドについて、前記(1) 〜(4) の内部標準物質ピーク面積値比を有する魚醤は、従来の魚醤に比べて調味料として優れていることが明らかである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fish sauce having no off-flavor and unpleasant odor as a seasoning.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, Nukumum, Nampula, Patis and the like are known in Southeast Asia as seasonings made from seafood, and in Japan, sashimi, shotsuru and squid soy sauce are famous. These seasonings have a unique taste, and when used, can enhance the taste of foods and satisfy new tastes. Gradually, the distinctive flavor has been recognized, and the food is being used more often. However, when these seasonings are used in food, instead of improving the umami and imparting a new taste preference, the taste of the fish itself is impaired by the unpleasant odor of the fish sauce itself, thereby imparting a new taste preference. Food groups are restricted.
[0003]
In order to solve these problems, as a method for removing these off-flavors, a method using ultrafiltration (JP-A-4-346767), a method of adjusting the pH of fish sauce, and performing a steam distillation (JP-A-Hei-5 -64563) and a method of adsorbing volatile amines to undecomposed koji (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-47051). However, the above-mentioned method of removing using ultrafiltration removes a specific off-odor, but cannot remove unpleasant odor, stuffy odor, salty odor sufficiently, and also removes umami components at the same time. In the method of adjusting the pH of fish sauce and steam distillation, the pH setting and decompression conditions are not appropriate, so the offending odor-causing substances cannot be sufficiently removed, and the stuffy odor and salty odor are sufficiently removed. Can not. Furthermore, in the method of adsorbing volatile amines on undecomposed koji, unnecessary koji-derived scents from the koji are not added, and off-flavor-causing substances other than amines cannot be sufficiently removed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to specify a flavor component that impairs the flavor of food when fish sauce is added to food, efficiently, without reducing the umami component, without imparting an extra off-flavor, and reducing or eliminating it. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a seasoning that does not impair the flavor of food even when added to food.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have studied the flavor components in fish sauce in detail in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, 2-methylpropanal and 2-methylbutanal are flavor components which impair the flavor when added to food. , 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide were identified. Furthermore, as a result of earnestly studying an efficient method for removing these aroma components, it was found that the treatment can be performed efficiently under a specific alkaline condition under reduced pressure for a specific time. In addition, they have found that by reducing these aroma components, they can be used without impairing the flavor of the food itself when fish sauce is added to the food, and have completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, after adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol as an internal standard to 50 g of fish sauce converted to 22% salt and 1.7% of total nitrogen, the aroma component in the fish sauce is added. Is a fish sauce characterized by the fact that, when recovered and analyzed by gas chromatography, the aroma components in the fish sauce satisfy one or more of the following relationships:
(1) The ratio of the peak area value of 2-methylpropanal to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 2.5 or less, preferably about 2.0 or less,
(2) the ratio of the peak area value of 2-methylbutanal to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 0.8 or less, preferably about 0.4 or less;
(3) the ratio of the peak area value of 2-ethylpyridine to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 0.002 or less, preferably about 0.001 or less;
(4) The ratio of the peak area value of dimethyl trisulfide to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 0.02 or less, preferably about 0.012 or less.
[0007]
Among the above-mentioned flavor components, fish sauce from which at least one flavor component of 2-ethylpyrimidine and dimethyl trisulfide has been removed is particularly preferable. Therefore, a preferred fish sauce of the present invention is a fish sauce whose aroma component satisfies one or more of the following under the above-described analysis conditions.
(3) the ratio of the peak area value of 2-ethylpyridine to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 0.001 or less;
(4) The ratio of the peak area value of dimethyl trisulfide to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is about 0.012 or less.
However, since the result of gas chromatography analysis often causes an error of about ± 20%, even if the area ratio of the above (1) to (4) is exceeded by one analysis, a large number of measured values are obtained. Fish sauces whose average value satisfies the above relationships (1) to (4) are included in the scope of the present invention.
[0008]
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a fish comprising a step of reducing the content of at least one unpleasant odor selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyltrisulfide. A method for producing a soy sauce, and a fish sauce produced by the method. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The method of this invention can produce the good quality fish sauce which does not give an unpleasant odor when added as a seasoning to food.
[0009]
According to the present invention, the step of reducing the content of the odor component comprises treating fish sauce, which needs to remove or reduce unpleasant odor, at a weakly alkaline pH under reduced pressure conditions of about 80 to 180 torr. , Removing odor components. A preferred treatment time is 30 minutes or more, more preferably 2 to 16 hours. After the decompression treatment, the pH of the fish sauce is preferably readjusted to 4.5 to 7.0, if necessary.
[0010]
Fish sauce refers to a liquid seasoning made from fish, for example, using fish sauce aged in Southeast Asia with fish and salt, using proteinases that contain fish protein, or bacteria that have proteinases. For example, but not limited thereto, in Southeast Asia, there are Nukumum, Nampula, Patis, etc., and in Japan, it is known as sashimi, shotsuru, squid soy sauce and the like. Generally, the analytical values are those with a salt content of 10 to 23% and a total nitrogen content of 1.2 to 3.0%. According to the method of the present invention, using these fish sauces as starting materials, it is possible to produce fish sauces of good quality that do not cause unpleasant odor. Further, as a starting material, a liquid material before finishing into a conventionally known fish sauce may be used. Furthermore, even in the case of a fish sauce that has been subjected to a treatment intended to remove odors and the like by the method described as the prior art in this specification, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and Fish sauce that can improve the properties as a seasoning by reducing the content of at least one odor component selected from the group consisting of dimethyl trisulfide can also be used as a starting material in the method of the present invention.
[0011]
More specifically, the method for producing fish sauce of the present invention will be described. First, an alkali such as caustic soda is added to fish sauce to remove or reduce unpleasant odor, and the pH is preferably about 9.0 to 10.0. Is adjusted to 9.2 to 9.8. Next, treatment is performed at a temperature of about 40 ° C. or lower, preferably 10 to 35 ° C., and a reduced pressure of about 80 to 180 torr, preferably 90 to 150 torr for about 2 to about 16 hours, preferably 3 to 10 hours. I do. Thereafter, the mixture is neutralized with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, and the pH is adjusted to about 4.5 to 7.0, so that odors such as 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine, and dimethyltrisulfide are obtained. It was found that the components could be efficiently removed or reduced. The decompression treatment is conveniently performed by a vacuum concentrator, and the structure thereof may be a single can type, a falling type, or the like. A gas-liquid countercurrent contact device is also possible. Thereafter, the residue is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is subjected to activated carbon (for example, steam activated carbon, chemical activated carbon), a synthetic adsorbent (for example, a deironized resin (PF, SB: made by Hokuetsu Carbon), and an adsorption resin (KS, HS, AF (Hokuetsu)). Decoloring with an ion exchange resin (for example, XAD (Rohm and Haas)) or the like can provide a light-colored seasoning with less foreign flavor components.
[0012]
The thus obtained fish sauce of the present invention is usually in a liquid state, and is further reduced at about 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. under reduced pressure (for example, about 80 to 180 torr, preferably 90 to 180 torr). When concentrated under reduced pressure at 150 torr) to adjust the water content from 12% to 35%, desirably from 17% to 25%, and made into a paste, foreign flavor components are further reduced, and the seasoning is widely used with less unpleasant odor. It is possible to
[0013]
Furthermore, it is possible to produce a fish sauce whose odor is reduced by the above-mentioned method and a fish sauce without an unpleasant odor by powdering the paste.
[0014]
The content of the odor component selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyltrisulfide in the fish sauce of the present invention is determined before the decompression treatment under alkaline conditions. About 1/2 or less, and preferably about 1/3 or less, compared to conventional fish sauces. Among the odor components, the content of at least one of 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide is about 1 / or less, preferably about 約 or less, as compared with the conventional fish sauce before performing the vacuum treatment under alkaline conditions. It has decreased to 1/3 or less.
[0015]
The content of the odor component in the fish sauce can be confirmed by gas chromatography. Specifically, after adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol as an internal standard to 50 g of fish sauce converted to 22% salt and 1.7% of total nitrogen, the aroma component of the fish sauce was subjected to a purge and trap method. And adsorbed on an adsorbent, supplied to a gas chromatograph, and detected by an FID detector. The amount of the fragrance component is expressed as a ratio between the peak area of each separated fragrance component and the peak area of cyclohexanol.
[0016]
On the other hand, to identify the odor component, the retention time derived from the gas chromatogram is used, the retention index (hereinafter referred to as RI value) is calculated from the relative relationship with the retention time of normal alkane, and the eigenvalue is calculated. (Note that the RI value also has an analysis value deviation, and an error of ± 20 exists. Therefore, the RI value expressed here naturally takes into account the error of ± 20.) Further, the odor component of each RI value is analyzed by a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and the spectrum of the component having the same RI value is analyzed and compared with the spectrum of a known substance to determine the odor component of the RI value.
[0017]
The details of the analysis method are as follows.
[0018]
Identification of unpleasant odor peak and calculation of RI value First, an aroma component is separated from fish sauce. The method of separating the fragrance component is performed by a purge and trap method. Using a Tenax deodorizing set (cat. No. 2709-66026) manufactured by GL Sciences Co., Ltd., 50 g (about 42 ml) of a sample was placed in an eggplant type flask (100 ml), and an internal standard substance (1% cyclohexanol solution) was added. After adding 3 μL and keeping the temperature at 40 ° C. for 3 minutes, high-purity nitrogen gas is continuously purged at 50 ° C. at 50 ° C. at 50 ° C. to allow the odorant (Tenax TA) to adsorb the fragrance component of the sample. The adsorbed odorant is attached to a volatile component concentration introducing device (PTI / TCT CP-4010 manufactured by GL Sciences). Next, the smelled odor component is injected into the gas chromatograph.
Gas chromatograph conditions Gas chromatograph: Hitachi, Ltd. G3900
Concentration introduction device: GL Science CP4010
Column: CP-WAX
Column size: 60mx 0.25mm ID 0.25μ
Detector: FID
Analysis conditions:
Starting temperature 50 ℃
Final temperature 230 ° C
Heating rate 2 ℃ / min
Injection temperature: 200 ° C
Detector temperature: 250 ° C
Helium gas flow rate: 20cm / S
Internal standard substance: 1% cyclohexanol retention index (RI) is calculated by the following formula according to a standard method.
RI = 100 × Z + (tR (substance) −tR (Z)) / (tR (Z + 1) −tR (Z)) × 100
In the above, tR is the retention time, and Z represents the carbon number of the normal alkane.
Regarding the nature of the odor, the outlet of the column in the gas chromatograph is branched, a part is a detector (FID), and the other is an outlet that smells the odor directly, and the characteristic of each peak is specified by smelling the odor from the outlet. .
[0019]
Component identification of unpleasant odor For each unpleasant odor peak, gas chromatographic mass spectrometer analysis is performed to identify the component. Separate under the same conditions as the analysis conditions of the gas chromatograph.
Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer: JEOL JXS-DX303
Ionization method: electron impacted ionization
Ion source temperature: 200 ° C
Scan rate: 25-500 amu.
Scan time: 1 second Analyzer: JEOL JMA-DA5000
Based on the RI value of each unpleasant odor peak analyzed by gas chromatography, comparing with known substances having the same RI value peak, identifying the substance of each peak, calculating the odor properties and the RI value of the pure substance again And determine the substance.
[0020]
The retention index (RI) of the unpleasant odor component according to this analysis method was 817 ± 20 for 2-methylpropanal, 926 ± 20 for 2-methylbutanal, 1289 ± 20 for 2-ethylpyridine, and 1378 ± for dimethyltrisulfide. 20.
[0021]
According to the present invention, as a result of diligently examining the aroma components that impair the flavor of food when foreign-made fish sauce is added to food, gas chromatographs and gas chromatograph mass spectrometers, which are methods for analyzing aroma, have been used in the past. Different from the said amines represented by trimethylamine, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyltrisulfide have a strong flavor component that is not well-adapted to food. I understood. Naturally, the mixing ratio of the above-mentioned aroma components in the fish sauce in each locality varies, but if it contains at least one of these components or some of them, when added to food, It was also found that the flavor of the food was impaired. If the above-mentioned fragrance component is described in more detail, the fragrance components of 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide have, as their respective features, a burnt odor, a sour burnt odor, It is a substance that has a blue odor and fecal odor, and is a heterogeneous, strong, and undesired aroma component, and is a substance that is present in fish sauce in general, and that when added to foods, impairs the flavor of the foods. Further, at least, the aroma components of 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide are ≦ 0.002 to 0.001 in internal standard ratio and ≦ 0.02 to 0.012 in internal standard ratio, respectively. A fish sauce which is added to food and does not impair its flavor is achieved.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
When conventional fish sauce is added to foods as a seasoning, the discomfort is noticeable even in a small amount, especially in odentsuyu, etc., which impairs the flavor of bonito and breaks the balance between taste and aroma, which is not suitable. Was. In the fish sauce of the present invention, since the off-flavor component is sufficiently removed, the bonito flavor and soy sauce flavor are not destroyed even when added to the oden soup, and further, the bonito is produced by a synergistic effect with aroma components other than the unpleasant odor. It was found that the flavor was effectively enhanced and a new taste could be imparted by adding fish sauce.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fish sauce that has no unpleasant odor and can further enhance the body taste and umami in the seasoning.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
[0024]
Example 1
Caustic soda is added to about 60 kg of Thai fish sauce (manufactured by Thai Fish Sauce) having a salt content of 22% and a total nitrogen content of 1.7%, adjusted to pH 9.5, and then a single-can vacuum evaporator with a multi-jet condenser ( After the temperature reached 35 ° C., the pressure was reduced to a degree of vacuum of 120 torr, and the mixture was stirred for 5 hours while maintaining the temperature at 35 ° C. After the treatment under reduced pressure, the pH was adjusted to 5.2 with hydrochloric acid, and insoluble components were removed with a filter cloth. Thereafter, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure with a concentrator to adjust the water content to about 65% and the salt content to about 22% to obtain a fish sauce.
[0025]
Example 2
According to the method described in Example 1, the prepared fish sauce was introduced into a single-can vacuum evaporator (capacity: about 200 liters, inner diameter: about 60 cm, height: about 80 cm) equipped with a multi-jet condenser, and the temperature reached 60 ° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to a degree of vacuum of 120 torr, the temperature was maintained at 60 ° C., and the brix was reduced to 50%. The concentrate was further concentrated under reduced pressure to 74% Brix to obtain a fish sauce paste having a water content of about 20% and a salt content of about 34%.
[0026]
Comparative Example 1
Thai fish sauce (manufactured by Thai Fish Source Co., Ltd.) is applied to an ultrafiltration membrane (Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., SIP-1013 molecular weight fractionation 6000), adjusted to a water content of about 65% and a salt content of about 22% to obtain a fish sauce. Was.
[0027]
Comparative Example 2
Thai fish sauce (manufactured by Thai Fish Sauce) was adjusted to pH 8.4 with caustic soda, 500 ml of the fish sauce was placed in a 2-liter three-necked kolben, heated and stirred with a mantle heater, and depressurized with a water jet aspirator. The pressure is reduced to about 50-60 torr, and when boiling starts, steam is blown below the surface of the fish sauce. Steam distillation was carried out for about 1 hour to obtain about 430 ml of the treatment liquid. The obtained treatment liquid was readjusted to pH 6.0 with hydrochloric acid, and insoluble components were removed by filtration. Thereafter, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to adjust the water content to about 65% and the salt content to about 22% to obtain a fish sauce.
The final products of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were analyzed by gas chromatography, and the content of the substance having the indicated RI value was determined by the ratio to the area value of the internal standard substance.
[0028]
Comparative test example 1
The aroma analysis was performed on the untreated fish sauce, the fish sauces of Examples 1 and 2, and the fish sauces of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using a gas chromatographic analysis method.
Table 1 shows the results.
[0029]
[Table 1]
[0030]
In the fish sauces of Examples 1 and 2, the respective aroma components are reduced by 2〜 to 1 / or more as compared with the untreated fish sauce, and are compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Even so, it turned out to be decreasing. The numerical values are values obtained by dividing the internal standard area value by the denominator and the area of each component by the numerator.
[0031]
Comparative test example 2
The sensory evaluation of the fish sauce of the example and the untreated fish sauce was performed. First, a 5% dilution was prepared, and 16 trained panelists evaluated each item with the strongest 5 points and the weakest 1 point. Regarding the preference, the most preferable one was evaluated as 5 points, and the least preferable one as 1 point.
Table 2 shows the results.
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
The fish sauces of Examples 1 and 2 were found to have a weaker unpleasant odor peculiar to the fish sauce than the untreated fish sauce and the fish sauces of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0034]
Comparative test example 3
The fish sauce of the example and the untreated fish sauce were added to the oden soup, and the flavor of the oden soup was evaluated by 16 trained panelists for each item at the most favorable 5 points and the least favorable 1 point. . The composition of the oden soup is shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0035]
[Table 3]
[0036]
[Table 4]
[0037]
The oden soup to which the fish sauce of Example 1 was added does not impair the aroma of the skipjack and the soy sauce, and the components in the fish sauce after removing the unpleasant components effectively enhance the flavor of the soy sauce and the skipjack. This enhancement effect cannot be achieved by simply blending the conventional fish sauce with reduced unpleasant odor. It has been found that the enhancement effect enhances the richness and umami of the seasoning to which the taste of fish sauce is added, increases the overall preference, and provides a characteristic oden soup.
[0038]
From the above results of Tables 1 to 4, for 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide, the internal standard substance peak area value ratios of the above (1) to (4) are obtained. It is clear that fish sauce is superior to conventional fish sauce as a seasoning.
Claims (10)
(1)2−メチルブタナールのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が0.8以下、
(2)2−エチルピリジンのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が0.001以下。After adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol as an internal standard to 50 g of fish sauce converted to 22% of salt and 1.7% of total nitrogen, an aroma component in the fish sauce was recovered and analyzed by gas chromatography. Wherein the flavor component satisfies at least one of the following (1) or (2):
(1) the ratio of the peak area value of 2-methylbutanal to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 0.8 or less;
(2) The ratio of the peak area value of 2-ethylpyridine to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 0.001 or less.
(3)2−メチルプロパナールのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が2.0以下、かつ2−メチルブタナールのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が0.8以下、
(4) ジメチルトリサルファイドのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が0.012以下、かつ2−エチルピリジンのピーク面積値と内部標準物質ピーク面積値比が0.001以下。After adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol as an internal standard to 50 g of fish sauce converted to 22% of salt and 1.7% of total nitrogen, an aroma component in the fish sauce was recovered and analyzed by gas chromatography. Wherein the flavor component satisfies one or more of the following (3) or (4):
(3) the ratio of the peak area value of 2-methylpropanal to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 2.0 or less, and the ratio of the peak area value of 2-methylbutanal to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 0.8 or less;
(4) The ratio of the peak area value of dimethyl trisulfide to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 0.012 or less, and the ratio of the peak area value of 2-ethylpyridine to the peak area value of the internal standard substance is 0.001 or less.
以上The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the content of at least one odor component comprising 2-methylbutanal and 2-ethylpyridine is reduced to half or less of the fish sauce before the decompression treatment.
that's all
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| JP2000113614A JP3588438B2 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-14 | Fish sauce and its manufacturing method |
| EP00120287A EP1145652B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-09-28 | Fish sauce and method for producing same |
| DE60024406T DE60024406T2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-09-28 | Fish sauce and process for its preparation |
| US10/642,592 US7378120B2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2003-08-19 | Fish sauce and method for producing same |
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