JP3671179B2 - Fish sauce and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
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- JP3671179B2 JP3671179B2 JP2002536860A JP2002536860A JP3671179B2 JP 3671179 B2 JP3671179 B2 JP 3671179B2 JP 2002536860 A JP2002536860 A JP 2002536860A JP 2002536860 A JP2002536860 A JP 2002536860A JP 3671179 B2 JP3671179 B2 JP 3671179B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
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- BYGQBDHUGHBGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(C)C=O BYGQBDHUGHBGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/24—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments prepared by fermentation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
Description
発明の分野
本発明は、調味料として異臭、不快臭を有しない魚醤およびその製造方法に関するものである。
従来の技術
一般に魚介類を原料とした調味料として、東南アジアでは、ヌクマム、ナンプラー、パティス等、日本では、いしり、しょっつる、いかなご醤油等が有名である。これら調味料は、魚醤として知られ、独特の旨味を有しており、食品に添加することにより、食品本来の味を向上させ、さらに、新たな嗜好を付与する効果を有する。近年、こうした調味料の独特の旨味が徐々に認知されるようになり、多くの食品に使用されるようになってきた。しかし、魚醤を食品に使用することにより、旨味を向上させ、新しい味の嗜好を付与するという利点を有するが、魚醤自体の特有の異臭により、食品本来の風味を損うために、新しい味の嗜好を付与する食品群が制限される欠点を併せ持っている。
こうした魚醤の欠点を克服するために、従来では、特有の異臭を除去する方法として、限外濾過を用いた方法(特開平4−346767)、魚醤のpHを調整し、水蒸気蒸留する方法(特開平5−64563)、麹未分解物に揮発性アミンを吸着させる方法(特開平3−47051)等が知られている。
ところが、限外濾過を利用して除去する方法では、異臭の原因物質のうち一部を除去することはできるが、不快臭、蒸れ臭、塩臭さの原因物質を十分に除去することができず、同時に、旨味成分も除去してしまうという欠点を有している。また、魚醤のpHを調整し、水蒸気蒸留する方法では、pHの設定および減圧条件の最適化が容易でなく、該条件の微差の変動により異臭の原因物質を十分に除去することができず、蒸れ臭、塩臭さも十分に除去できない。さらに、麹未分解物に揮発性アミンを吸着させる方法では、麹由来の香りが不必要に付加される場合が多く、揮発性アミン以外の異臭原因物質は十分に除去できない。
発明の概要
本発明は、魚醤を食品に添加した場合、その食品の風味を損なう香気成分を特定し、こうした香気成分を除去する際に独特の旨味成分を減ずることなく、かつ、余分な異臭を付与することもなく、食品の風味を損なう香気成分を効率的に軽減もしくは除去した魚醤、及びその製造方法を提供する。
発明の詳細な説明
本発明者らは、魚醤中の香気成分を詳細に検討し、魚醤を食品に添加した場合における食品の風味を損なう香気成分を特定した。さらに、該香気成分を効率的に除去可能な方法を鋭意検討した結果、魚醤から分離したスタフィロコッカス・キシロサス(Staphylococcus Xylosus)菌に魚醤中の不快臭成分を除去できる能力が認められた。すなわち、該菌を魚醤に添加して、不快臭成分の除去を試み、当該魚醤を食品に添加したところ、食品自体の風味を損なうことなく、しかも食品加工時に得られる食欲を誘発する香気成分を有効に保持していることが見出された。
本発明はこれらの知見に基づいて完成したものである。
即ち、本発明は、食品由来、好ましくは魚醤由来のスタフィロコッカス属(Staphylococcus)細菌を、その不快な香気成分を除去または減少させようとする魚醤またはその製造中間産物に添加して、所定の温度に所定期間保持することにより、魚醤中の不快な香気成分を減少させる工程を含んでなる魚醤の製造方法および当該方法によって製造された魚醤である。
本明細書で魚醤というときは、魚を原料とした調味料を指し、例えば、東南アジアにおける魚と塩で熟成させた魚醤、日本で生産されたいろんな魚から作られた魚醤(魚介類を原料として、発酵工程を経て蛋白分解された調味液等)や、伝統的な製法で作った魚醤であるしょっつる、いしり、いかなご醤油等、また、魚蛋白を蛋白分解酵素、または、蛋白分解酵素を有している菌を利用して製造した調味料である。そして、本明細書においては、後述する方法により不快臭を低減させる以前の魚醤は原料魚醤であり、不快臭を低減させた魚醤は本発明の魚醤である(処理魚醤と呼ぶ場合もある)。
利用可能なスタフィロコッカス属の細菌の同定
本発明は、スタフィロコッカス属細菌を原料魚醤に添加することを特徴とするものであり、当該細菌は魚介類またはそれらを原料とする食用材料、例えば好ましくは魚醤から分離することができる。そのような魚醤として好ましいものは東南アジア産の魚醤である。魚醤以外にも、魚介類の干物、熟鮨、佃煮、塩辛、クサヤ、それらの製造のための浸漬液や廃液等から分離することも可能である。
使用する細菌を分離する方法に特別な制限はないが、例えば、東南アジアを原産地とする海外産魚醤および/または国内産の魚醤をいくつか用意し、これらから高塩培地(例えばヌートリエントブロスに食塩を約18%添加したもの)に生育する各種の微生物を得る。さらに、各微生物を個別に培養及び増殖後、魚醤に添加し、後記の不快臭除去処理の条件を参考にして適宜定めた条件で、不快な香気を軽減したか否かを判断し、利用可能な菌を選別する。その後、菌の属を特定するために、まず、グラム染色性、細胞形態、胞子形成、運動性、カタラーゼ活性、オキシダーゼ活性、O/F試験を実施し、続いて迅速同定試験を実施することによって菌の種を特定する。本発明の方法に使用するために好ましいスタフィロコッカスの菌は、スタフィロコッカス・キシロサスの菌である。この菌が分離できたか否かは、グラム染色性、細胞形態、胞子形成能、運動性、カタラーゼ活性、オキシダーゼ活性、O/F試験および迅速同定試験の実施により確認できる。これらの試験において、スタフィロコッカス菌は表1および表2に記載された性質を示す。本発明の方法に用いることができる菌の迅速同定試験の1例は、実施例2の表1に示されている。
不快臭の除去処理
本発明において、スタフィロコッカス属の細菌により、原料魚醤の不快臭を除去した魚醤を製造するためには、上記方法で選択して増殖させた細菌を、原料魚醤100gあたり菌体乾燥重量で約0.02〜20.0g均一に添加して、約15〜37℃の温度で、約12日間、必要に応じて攪拌しつつ、不快臭が減少するまで放置して、その後菌体を除去したものを本発明の魚醤として得ることができる。なお、放置期間は少なくとも1日以上、最大7年間は放置することができる。原料魚醤とは、前記のとおり、本発明の方法で不快臭の除去処理をされていない魚醤であり、不快臭を減少させて調味料としての価値を高めあるいはその用途を拡大することが望まれる任意の魚醤であるが、そのような魚醤に仕上げる前の中間産物も、本明細書でいう原料魚醤に含まれる。
不快臭成分の除去処理のための好ましい態様を述べると、スタフィロコッカス属の細菌、好ましくはスタフィロコッカス・キシロサス菌を、例えば、ヌートリエント寒天培地(デフコラボラトリー社製ヌートリエントブロス培地)に植菌し、約30℃で2日間程度、振とう培養または攪拌培養等の適当な条件で培養した後、菌体を遠心分離機、濾過器等で集める。集めた菌を原料魚醤に添加し、密封容器に移した後、ゆっくり攪拌しながら、約30℃で保温する。2週間から半年ほど処理した後、ろ過により、菌体を分離する。
こうして得られた本発明の魚醤(処理魚醤)は、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドなどの不快臭成分が効率よく除去、又は、低減している。これらのうち、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドの低減が特に好ましい。これらの不快臭成分が除去されもしくは低減されていることは、次のようにして確認できる。
本発明の魚醤の香気成分は、魚醤の香気成分をパージアンドトラップ法にて香気成分を吸着剤に吸着させ、これをガスクロマトグラフに供与し、水素炎イオン化検出器(FID)で検出することができる。検出された香気成分は、定法によりガスクロマトグラムから導かれた保持時間を利用し、ノルマルアルカンの保持時間と比較することにより、リテンションインデックス(以下、RI値とする)を算出して、固有値を算出する。各不快臭成分のリテンションインデックスに対応するピーク面積を、不快臭除去処理の前後で比較することにより、不快臭成分の除去もしくは減少を確認する。2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジンおよび3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドのRI値は、それぞれ817,926,1286および1451である。ただし、RI値については、分析値にぶれがあり、±20%の誤差が存在するため、このRI値には分析時の条件等により±20%の幅があることを理解すべきである。
また、各RI値の物質について、ガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーターにより、同一RI値の物質のスペクトルを分析し、スペクトルの強さを不快臭除去処理の前後で比較することで確認することもできる。
本発明の好ましい魚醤においては、塩分22重量%、総窒素1.7重量%に換算した50gの魚醤に、内部標準物質として、1%シクロヘキサノールを3μl添加した後、該魚醤中の香気成分を回収して、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析したとき、魚醤中の3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒド(RI値=1451)のピーク面積値と内部標準物質(RI値=1396)のピーク面積値との比が0.04以下になるまで、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドの含有量が低減している。
本発明の魚醤(処理魚醤)は、さらに、一般に知られている脱色脱臭法、例えば、活性炭処理、UF処理、アルカリ処理等により、また、引き続き、濃縮してペーストにしたり、粉末にすることにより、さらに望ましい魚醤に仕上げることができる。
例えば、スタフィロコッカスの細菌で処理した処理魚醤を、苛性ソーダ等のアルカリを添加し、pHが9.0以上、好ましくは9.0〜10.0になるように調整し、また、温度が40℃以下、好ましくは10℃から35℃になるように調整し、減圧条件が150 torr以下、好ましくは80〜130 torrになるように調整し、2時間から16時間、好ましくは3時間から10時間処理し、その後、酸、例えば塩酸等で中和し、pH4.5〜7.0に調整することにより、不快臭をより一層効率よく除去、又は、軽減できる。ここで使用する真空濃縮装置の構造については、単缶式、流下式等いずれも可能である。
また、上記の処理後、活性炭(例えば水蒸気賦活炭、薬品賦活炭)、合成吸着剤(例えば脱鉄樹脂(PF、SB:北越炭素製)、吸着樹脂(KS、HS、AF(北越炭素製)、イオン交換樹脂(例えばXAD(ロームアンドハース社))等で脱色する事により淡色で、上記4種類以外にも含まれている可能性が高い異質な香気成分のさらに少ない調味料が得られる。さらに、液温40℃から80℃、好ましくは、50℃から65℃にて、減圧条件80〜180 torr、好ましくは90〜150torrで、減圧濃縮し、水分12%から35%、好ましくは17%から25%に調整し、ペーストにした場合、当該物質以外の異質な香気成分は、さらに軽減し、不快臭の少ない利用範囲の広い調味料とすることが可能である。
さらには、上記の方法により臭いを軽減した魚醤及びそのペーストを紛体化することにより、さらに不快な臭いのない魚醤を製造することが可能である。
また、魚醤の製造において、製造工程の初期から、または製造中から、当該微生物を一定量添加し、数日から数年、熟成することにより、不快な香気成分を軽減させることも可能である。さらには、麹、その他蛋白分解酵素を分泌する微生物、黴、酵母を併用することにより、さらに不快な香気成分を減少させることが可能である。
魚醤の不快な香気成分
本発明の別の観点によれば、海外産魚醤等を食品に添加して、その食品の風味を損なう香気成分を鋭意検討した結果、香りの分析法であるガスクロマトグラフとガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーターにて、従来から言われているトリメチルアミンを代表とするアミン類とは異なる、2メチルプロパナール、2メチルブタナール、2エチルピリジン、3メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドが強力に食品にはなじまない香気成分として存在することが判った。すなわち、本発明の微生物を魚醤に添加し、香気が改善した魚醤を用いて、魚醤中の香気成分を上述した分析法によって検討すると、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドの香気成分は顕著に減少し、官能試験でも良好であることが見出された。当然ながら、各産地での魚醤における上記香気成分の含有比率は変動するが、これら成分のうち少なくとも1つを含んでいる場合、食品に添加した際に食品の風味を損なうことも明らかになった。
上記香気成分について、さらに詳しく説明すると、2−メチルプロパナール、2−メチルブタナール、2−エチルピリジン、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドの香気成分は、それぞれ焦げ臭、すっぱい焦げ臭、青臭さ、塩臭さの特徴を有し、特に異質で、強い、望ましくない香気成分であり、魚醤全般に存在している物質であり、食品に添加した際にその食品の風味を損なう物質である。さらに、少なくとも、3−メチルチオプロピオンアルデヒドの香気成分が、前記条件で内部標準物質との比でおよそ0.04以下であることにより、目的とする、食品に添加してその風味を損なわない魚醤が達成されることも本発明により明らかにされた。
従来の魚醤を調味料として食品に添加した場合、魚醤が少量であってもその不快感が顕著に現れるため、とくにおでんつゆ等においては、カツオ風味を損ない、味と香りのバランスが壊れるため適さなかった。本発明の魚醤は、異臭成分が十分に除去されているため、和風系の食品として、おでんつゆ、めんつゆに添加した場合でもカツオ風味、醤油風味を壊すことなく、さらに、不快臭以外の香気成分との相乗効果によりカツオ風味が効果的に増強され、かつ、魚醤を加えることによる新しい呈味が付与され得ることが判った。また、洋風系食品として、トマトソースに添加した場合、トマトの酸味をまろやかにし、こくの深いソースができることが判った。また、中華系の食品、例えば、八宝菜ソースに添加した場合でも、魚醤は肉、魚介の旨味を強調し、野菜の旨味、甘味を増強することがわかった。
したがって、本発明は本発明の魚醤を用いて製造された食品にも関する。本発明における食品には、和風系の調味料、調味液(液体・粉末)、例えば、鰹だし、めんつゆ、おでんつゆを指し、洋風系の調味料、調味液(液体・粉末)、例えば、トマトソース、ブイヨン、デミグラスソース、アメリケーヌソース等を指し、中華系の調味料、調味液(液体・粉末)、例えば、八宝菜ソース、中華チキンエキス(中華味の素)を含むものとする。
実施例
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に制限されるものではない。
実施例において使用した分析方法は、次のとおりである。
不快臭ピークの特定とRI値の算出法
まず、魚醤から香気成分を分離した。香気成分の分離法は、パージアンドトラップ法で行った。ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製のテナックス捕臭セット(cat.no.2709−66026)を用いて、なす型フラスコ(100ml)にサンプルを50g(約42ml)入れ、内部標準物質(1%シクロヘキサノール溶液:1グラムシクロヘキサノールを100g蒸留水に溶かしたもの)を3μL加え、バブラー管がサンプル中に入るようにセットし、サンプルをパージしないで40℃で3分間保温後、さらに40℃で保温しながら高純度窒素ガスを50ml/分、サンプル中でパージしながら3分間保温した後、引き続き、テナックス捕集セットに捕集剤(テナックスTA)を充填した捕臭管(テナックスTA(捕集剤)、GLサイエンス製メッシュ20−35製品番号1002−31102を70mg、ガラスチューブ内径3mm(カタログ番号1003−71001)に充填したもの)を装填し、40℃で保温しながら高純度窒素ガスを50ml/分でサンプル中でパージし、捕臭管にサンプルの香気成分を吸着させた。吸着時間を16分とした。これら吸着させた捕臭剤を揮発成分濃縮導入装置(PTI/TCT CP−4010ジーエルサイエンス製)に装着した。次に、捕臭した香気成分をガスクロマトグラフに注入した。
<ガスクロマトグラフの条件>
ガスクロマトグラフ装置:日立製作所 G3900
濃縮導入装置:GLサイエンス CP4010
カラム:CP−WAX
カラムサイズ:60m×0.25mm ID 0.25μ
検出器:FID
分析条件:
始発温度 50℃
最終温度 230℃
昇温レイト 2℃/分
注入温度:200℃
検出器温度:250℃
ヘリウムガス流速:0.7ml/min
内部標準物質:1%シクロヘキサノール
リテンションインデックス(RI)の算出法
RIの算出は、定法に従い、以下の数式で行った。
RI=100×Z+(tR(物質)−tR(Z))/(tR(Z+1)−tR(Z))×100
ここで、上記式中、tRは保持時間であり、Zはノルマルアルカンの炭素数を表す(ここではシクロヘキサノールを用いているので、Z=6である)。
臭いの性質については、ガスクロマトグラフ内のカラムの出口を分岐し、一部は検出器(FID)、他方は、直接臭いを嗅ぐ出口とし、その出口から臭いを嗅いで各ピークの特徴を特定した。
不快臭物資の解析
各不快臭のピークについて、物質の同定をガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーターを用いて解析した。ガスクロマトグラフの分析条件と同じ条件にて分離した。
<ガスクロマトグラフの分析条件>
ガスクロマトグラフマススペクトロメーター:JEOL社 JXS-DX303
イオン化方法:electron impacted ionization
イオンソース温度:200℃
スキャン レイト:25−500 amu.
スキャン時間:1 秒
解析装置:JEOL社 JMA-DA5000
ガスクロマトグラフで解析した各不快臭ピークのRI値に基づき、同一RI値のピークを解析した。物質を同定後、再度、臭いの性質、純物質のRI値を算出し、物質を確定した。
実施例1.細菌の分離
東南アジア産魚醤、及び国内魚醤を用意し、各々を高塩性固形培地(ヌートリエントアガーdifco社製に食塩18%、硫酸マグネシウム7水和物1.8%、魚醤2%を添加した培地)に湿布し、30℃恒温室に5日培養し、生育した菌群を、殺菌した爪楊枝で、それぞれ高塩性培地に移し、生育後、純化した。さらに、500ml三角フラスコに100ml高塩性液体培地(ヌートリエントブロスdifco社製に食塩18%、硫酸マグネシウム7水和物1.8%、魚醤2%を添加したもの)を入れ、オートクレーブで殺菌し、培地を冷却したものに、それぞれ純化した菌群をそれぞれ植菌し、30℃で2日間振盪培地した。培養後、遠心機で集菌し、魚醤で洗浄後、再度遠心機にて、集菌した。その菌を1000ml密閉容器に500mlの魚醤と遠心機で集めた菌を入れ、30℃で3日後から、3週間まで香気成分の変化を官能評価して、菌の選択を行った。
実施例2.細菌の同定
実施例1により分離された微生物のうち、特に官能評価が高かった3株について、種属を決定するために以下の検討を実施した。始めに、属を特定するために、グラム染色性、細胞形態、胞子形成、運動性、コロニー形態、カタラーゼ活性、オキシダーゼ活性、O/F試験を実施し、属を決定した(表1)。その結果これらの株は全てスタフィロコッカス属と決定された。さらに、迅速同定試験を実施し、各種酵素活性、糖の資化性を含む生理性状試験から、Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology vol.1 (1984)-vol.4 (1989)およびBergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1994)の分類にしたがってキシロサスと同定した。結果は表2に示した。微生物の同定は、株式会社エヌシーエムビージャパンに委託した。当該分離された細菌は、いずれもスタフィロコッカス・キシロサス菌と同定された。
実施例3
タイ産魚醤(タイフィッシュソース社製)500gに、培養菌体(デフコラボラトリー社製ヌートリエントブロスにNaCl 18%、硫酸マグネシウム 1.8%、魚醤を2%添加し、これを500ml三角フラスコに100ml添加し、オートクレーブして殺菌後、上記培地に1白金耳の菌を移植し、30℃で2日間振とう培養後、遠心し、菌を集め、魚醤で一回洗浄後、魚醤に懸濁したもの、乾燥重量で約0.3g得られる)を入れた。30℃の恒温室にて12日間ゆっくり攪拌した。その後、遠心後、0.45ミクロンの殺菌したフィルターで減圧ろ過後、除菌した。以上の方法により、水分約65%、塩分約22%の魚醤を得た。
実施例4
実施例3に記載の方法により、調整した魚醤をマルチジェットコンデンサー付単缶式の真空蒸発缶(容量約200リットル、内径約60cm、高さ約80cm)に導入し、温度60℃に達温後、真空度120 torrに減圧し、温度60℃を維持しながら、ブリックス50%までに濃縮し、析出した成分を濾布ろ過で除去した。さらに減圧濃縮でブリックス74%までに濃縮し、水分約20%、塩分約34%の魚醤のペーストを得た。
比較例1
タイ産魚醤(タイフィッシュソース社製)約60kgに苛性ソーダを添加し、pH9.5に調整後、マルチジェットコンデンサー付単缶式の真空蒸発缶(容量約200リッター、内径約60cm、高さ約80cm)に導入し、温度35℃に達温後、真空度120 torrに減圧し、温度35℃を維持しながら、5時間攪拌した。減圧処理後、塩酸によりpH5.2に調整し、不溶成分等を濾布により除去した。その後、濃縮器で減圧濃縮し、水分約65%、塩分約22%に調整することにより魚醤を得た。
上記それぞれ実施例3、比較例1の最終製品について、ガスクロマトグラフ分析を行い、標記RI値を有する物質の含有量を内部標準物質の面積値との比によって求めた。
比較試験例1
ガスクロマトグラフの分析方法を用いて、未処理魚醤、実施例3および4の魚醤、並びに比較例1の魚醤について、香気分析を実施した。物質の含量についての結果を表3に示す。実施例3および4の魚醤には、それぞれの香気成分が、未処理魚醤と比較して、また、比較例1と比較しても、減少していることが判った。分析した魚醤は塩分約22重量%、総窒素1.7重量%に調整した後、その50gに1%シクロヘキサノールを3μl添加して分析した。
数値は、内部標準面積値を分母に、各物質の面積を分子にして除した値である。
比較試験例2
実施例の魚醤と未処理の魚醤の官能評価を行った。第一に5%希釈液を作成し、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について各種の臭いが最も強いものを5点、最も弱いものを1点として評価した。好ましさについては、最も好ましいものを5点、最も好ましくないものを1点として評価した。官能評価の結果を表4に示した。なお、実施例4は水分、塩分をそれぞれ約65%、約22%に調整してから5%希釈した。
実施例3、実施例4の魚醤は、未処理の魚醤、および比較例1の魚醤と比較して、魚醤特有の不快臭が微弱であることが判った。
比較試験例3
実施例の魚醤と未処理の魚醤をおでんつゆに添加して、おでんつゆの風味について、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について香りが最も好ましいものを5点、最も好ましくないものを1点として評価した。おでんつゆの配合を表5に示し、官能評価の結果を表6に示した。
実施例3の魚醤を添加した。おでんつゆは、カツオ及び醤油の香りを損なわず、かつ、不快成分除去後の魚醤中の成分が、醤油、カツオの風味を効果的に増強している。この増強効果は従来の不快臭を低減させた魚醤を単に配合させただけでは達成できない。この増強効果により、魚醤の呈味が添加される調味料のコク味、旨味を強化して、総合的な好ましさが増大し、特徴のあるおでんつゆが提供できることがわかった。
比較試験例4
実施例3の魚醤を八宝菜ソースに添加し、八宝菜の風味について、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について香りが最も好ましいものを5点、最も好ましくないものを1点として評価した。八宝菜ソースの配合を表7に示し、官能評価の結果を表8に示した。
実施例3の魚醤を添加した、八宝菜ソースを用いて、八宝菜を作成し、官能評価した結果、肉、魚介の旨味を強調し、且つ、野菜の甘味、旨味を増強し、魚介、野菜の香りも壊さないものとなった。この増強効果は、従来の不快臭を軽減した魚醤を配合しただけでは達成できない。この増強作用より、従来にない呈味を有した八宝菜ソースが提供できることがわかった。
比較試験例5
実施例3の魚醤をトマトソースに添加し、トマトソースの風味について、訓練したパネラー16人に、各項目について香り・旨味が最も好ましいものを5点、最も好ましくないものを1点として評価した。トマトソースの配合を表9に示し、官能評価の結果を表10に示した。
実施例3の魚醤をトマトソースに添加し、トマトソースの官能評価を実施した結果、特定不快臭がないか、軽減している為、残存した香気成分がトマトの香りを強調し、トマトの旨味を増強した結果となった。また、ソース自体の旨味、こく味が、従来にない、味の深みとなって変化していることがわかった。この呈味、風味増強作用により、従来にないトマトソースを提供できることがわかった。
発明の効果
本発明により、不快臭がなく、さらに調味料中のコク味、うま味を増強させることのできる魚醤を提供することができる。Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a fish soy having no off-flavors and unpleasant odors as a seasoning and a method for producing the same.
Conventional technology
In general, as a seasoning made from seafood, Nukukumam, Nampula, Patis, etc. are famous in Southeast Asia, and Ishiri, Suttsuru, Squid soy sauce, etc. are famous in Japan. These seasonings are known as fish soy and have a unique umami taste, and when added to foods, they have the effect of improving the original taste of the food and imparting a new taste. In recent years, the unique umami of these seasonings has gradually been recognized and has been used in many foods. However, by using fish soy for food, it has the advantage of improving umami and imparting a new taste preference, but because of the peculiar odor of fish soy itself, the original flavor of the food is impaired, so it is new It also has the disadvantage of limiting the food group that imparts taste taste.
In order to overcome such disadvantages of fish sauce, conventionally, as a method for removing a peculiar off-flavor, a method using ultrafiltration (JP-A-4-346767), a method of adjusting the pH of fish sauce and steam distillation (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-64563), a method of adsorbing a volatile amine to an undecomposed material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-47051), and the like are known.
However, the method of removing using ultrafiltration can remove some of the causative substances of off-flavors, but can sufficiently remove the causative substances of unpleasant odors, steamy odors, and salty odors. At the same time, there is a disadvantage that umami components are also removed. In addition, in the method of adjusting the pH of fish sauce and steam distillation, it is not easy to set the pH and optimize the decompression conditions, and it is possible to sufficiently remove the causative substances of off-flavors due to variations in the slight differences in the conditions. In addition, steamy odor and salty odor cannot be removed sufficiently. Furthermore, in the method of adsorbing the volatile amine to the undegraded product of cocoon, the scent derived from cocoon is often added unnecessarily, and the off-flavor substances other than the volatile amine cannot be sufficiently removed.
Summary of the Invention
In the present invention, when fish soy is added to a food, an aroma component that impairs the flavor of the food is specified, and when removing this aroma component, a unique umami component is not reduced and an extra odor is imparted. The present invention also provides a fish sauce that efficiently reduces or removes aroma components that impair the flavor of foods, and a method for producing the same.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present inventors have studied in detail the aroma components in fish soy, and have identified aroma components that impair the flavor of food when fish soy is added to the food. Furthermore, as a result of earnest examination of a method capable of efficiently removing the aroma component, Staphylococcus xylosus bacteria isolated from fish soy have the ability to remove unpleasant odor components in fish soy. . That is, when the fungus is added to fish sauce to try to remove unpleasant odor components, and the fish sauce is added to food, it does not impair the flavor of the food itself and also induces the appetite obtained during food processing It has been found that the ingredients are effectively retained.
The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
That is, the present invention adds Staphylococcus bacteria derived from food, preferably from fish soy, to fish soy or its production intermediate product to remove or reduce unpleasant aroma components, A method for producing fish soy comprising a step of reducing unpleasant aroma components in fish soy by maintaining it at a prescribed temperature for a prescribed period of time, and fish soy produced by the method.
In this specification, fish sauce refers to seasonings made from fish.For example, fish sauce aged with fish and salt in Southeast Asia, fish sauce made from various fish produced in Japan (seafood As a raw material, and a proteolytic seasoning solution, etc.), fish sauce made with traditional manufacturing methods such as shochuru, sushi, squid soy sauce, and fish protein as a proteolytic enzyme or protein It is a seasoning manufactured using bacteria having a degrading enzyme. And in this specification, the fish soy before reducing the unpleasant odor by the method described later is the raw material fish soy, and the fish soy having the unpleasant odor reduced is the fish soy of the present invention (referred to as processed fish soy). In some cases).
Identification of available Staphylococcus bacteria
The present invention is characterized in that Staphylococcus bacteria are added to raw fish soy, which can be isolated from seafood or edible materials made from them, for example, preferably fish soy. . Preferred as such fish sauce is fish sauce from Southeast Asia. In addition to fish soy, it is also possible to separate from dried fish, simmered rice cakes, boiled fish, salted fish, kusaya, soaking liquids and waste liquids for the production thereof.
There are no particular restrictions on the method of separating the bacteria to be used. For example, several overseas fish sauces and / or domestic fish sauces originating in Southeast Asia are prepared, and from these, a high salt medium (for example, nutritious broth) is prepared. To which about 18% of sodium chloride is added). Furthermore, after culturing and proliferating each microorganism individually, it is added to fish soy, and it is judged whether or not the unpleasant odor has been reduced under the conditions appropriately determined with reference to the conditions for removing the unpleasant odor described below. Select possible bacteria. Then, in order to identify the genus of the fungus, first, by carrying out Gram staining, cell morphology, sporulation, motility, catalase activity, oxidase activity, O / F test, followed by rapid identification test Identify the species of fungus. A preferred Staphylococcus bacterium for use in the method of the present invention is Staphylococcus xylosus. Whether or not this bacterium has been isolated can be confirmed by carrying out Gram staining, cell morphology, spore-forming ability, motility, catalase activity, oxidase activity, O / F test and rapid identification test. In these tests, Staphylococcus bacteria exhibit the properties described in Tables 1 and 2. An example of a rapid identification test of bacteria that can be used in the method of the present invention is shown in Table 1 of Example 2.
Unpleasant odor removal treatment
In the present invention, in order to produce a fish soy from which the unpleasant odor of the raw fish soy is removed by the bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, the bacteria selected and grown by the above method are dried per 100 g of the raw fish soy. Add about 0.02 to 20.0 g by weight uniformly, stir as necessary for about 12 days at a temperature of about 15 to 37 ° C. until the unpleasant odor is reduced, and then the cells What removed this can be obtained as the fish sauce of the present invention. In addition, the leaving period can be left for at least one day and for a maximum of seven years. As described above, the raw material fish soy is a fish soy that has not been subjected to removal treatment of unpleasant odors by the method of the present invention, and can reduce the unpleasant odors to increase the value as a seasoning or expand its use. Any desired fish soy, but intermediate products before finishing such fish soy are also included in the raw material fish soy referred to herein.
To describe a preferred embodiment for the treatment for removing unpleasant odor components, a bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus, preferably Staphylococcus xylosus, is added to, for example, a nutritent agar medium (Nutrient broth medium manufactured by Def Collaborator). After inoculating and culturing at about 30 ° C. for about 2 days under suitable conditions such as shaking culture or stirring culture, the cells are collected with a centrifuge, a filter or the like. The collected bacteria are added to the raw fish soy sauce, transferred to a sealed container, and then kept warm at about 30 ° C. with slow stirring. After treatment for about 2 weeks to half a year, the cells are separated by filtration.
The fish soy of the present invention thus obtained (treated fish soy) efficiently removes unpleasant odor components such as 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine, 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde, or Reduced. Of these, reduction of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde is particularly preferred. It can be confirmed as follows that these unpleasant odor components are removed or reduced.
The aroma component of the fish sauce of the present invention is obtained by adsorbing the aroma component of the fish sauce to the adsorbent by the purge and trap method, supplying it to a gas chromatograph, and detecting it with a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID). be able to. The detected aroma component is calculated by using the retention time derived from the gas chromatogram by a conventional method and comparing it with the retention time of normal alkane, thereby calculating the retention index (hereinafter referred to as RI value) and calculating the eigenvalue. To do. The removal or reduction of the unpleasant odor component is confirmed by comparing the peak areas corresponding to the retention index of each unpleasant odor component before and after the unpleasant odor removal treatment. The RI values for 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine and 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde are 817,926,1286 and 1451, respectively. However, with respect to the RI value, there is a fluctuation in the analysis value and there is an error of ± 20%. Therefore, it should be understood that the RI value has a range of ± 20% depending on conditions at the time of analysis.
Further, for each RI value substance, the spectrum of the substance having the same RI value can be analyzed with a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and the intensity of the spectrum can be compared before and after the unpleasant odor removal treatment.
In a preferred fish soy of the present invention, after adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol as an internal standard substance to 50 g of fish soy converted to 22% by weight of salt and 1.7% by weight of total nitrogen, When the aromatic component was collected and analyzed by gas chromatography, the ratio of the peak area value of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde (RI value = 1451) in fish soy to the peak area value of the internal standard substance (RI value = 1396) The content of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde is reduced until is 0.04 or less.
The fish sauce of the present invention (treated fish sauce) is further concentrated to a paste or powder by a generally known decolorization and deodorization method such as activated carbon treatment, UF treatment, alkali treatment, etc. By this, it can be finished into a more desirable fish sauce.
For example, treated fish soy treated with staphylococcal bacteria is added with alkali such as caustic soda to adjust the pH to 9.0 or more, preferably 9.0 to 10.0, and the temperature is The temperature is adjusted to 40 ° C. or less, preferably 10 ° C. to 35 ° C., and the decompression condition is adjusted to 150 torr or less, preferably 80 to 130 torr, and 2 to 16 hours, preferably 3 to 10 hours. An unpleasant odor can be removed or reduced more efficiently by treating with time and then neutralizing with an acid such as hydrochloric acid and adjusting the pH to 4.5 to 7.0. The structure of the vacuum concentrator used here can be either a single can type or a down flow type.
In addition, after the above treatment, activated carbon (for example, steam activated charcoal, chemical activated charcoal), synthetic adsorbent (for example, iron-free resin (PF, SB: made by Hokuetsu Carbon), adsorbed resin (KS, HS, AF (made by Hokuetsu Carbon)) By removing the color with an ion exchange resin (for example, XAD (Rohm and Haas)) or the like, it is possible to obtain a seasoning that is light in color and contains less extraneous aroma components that are likely to be contained in addition to the above four types. Further, the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. under reduced pressure conditions of 80 to 180 torr, preferably 90 to 150 torr, and moisture is 12% to 35%, preferably 17%. When the paste is adjusted to 25% and made into a paste, extraneous aroma components other than the substance can be further reduced, and a seasoning with a wide range of use with less unpleasant odor can be obtained.
Furthermore, it is possible to produce a fish soy that does not have an unpleasant odor by powdering the fish soy and its paste reduced in odor by the above method.
Further, in the production of fish sauce, it is possible to reduce unpleasant aroma components by adding a certain amount of the microorganism from the beginning of the production process or during the production and aging for several days to several years. . Furthermore, it is possible to further reduce unpleasant fragrance components by using cocoon, other microorganisms that secrete proteolytic enzymes, cocoon, and yeast.
Unpleasant aroma component of fish sauce
According to another aspect of the present invention, a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, which are fragrance analysis methods, are obtained as a result of intensive investigation of aroma components that impair the flavor of the food by adding overseas fish soy or the like to the food. In contrast to conventional amines such as trimethylamine, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine, and 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde are present as fragrance ingredients that are not well suited to foods. I found out that That is, when the microorganism of the present invention is added to fish soy and the fish soy with improved aroma is used to examine the aroma components in the fish soy according to the analysis method described above, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, The aroma components of 2-ethylpyridine and 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde were significantly reduced, and it was also found good in the sensory test. Naturally, the content ratio of the aroma component in the fish sauce in each production area varies, but when it contains at least one of these components, it becomes clear that the flavor of the food is impaired when added to the food. It was.
The above aromatic components will be described in more detail. The aromatic components of 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylpyridine, and 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde are respectively burnt odor, sour burnt smell, blue odor, and salt odor. This is a substance that is particularly heterogeneous, strong, and an undesirable aroma component, present in fish sauce in general, and a substance that impairs the flavor of the food when added to food. Furthermore, when the aroma component of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde is about 0.04 or less in the ratio to the internal standard substance under the above-mentioned conditions, the fish soy that is added to the target food and does not impair its flavor It has also been clarified by the present invention that this is achieved.
When adding traditional fish sauce as a seasoning to foods, even if the fish sauce is small, the unpleasant sensation appears remarkably, especially in oden soup, which damages the bonito flavor and breaks the balance between taste and aroma. Therefore it was not suitable. The fish soy of the present invention has sufficiently removed the off-flavor components, so even if it is added to oden soup and noodle soup, it will not break the bonito flavor, soy sauce flavor, It was found that the bonito flavor was effectively enhanced by a synergistic effect with the ingredients, and a new taste could be imparted by adding fish sauce. In addition, when added to tomato sauce as a Western-style food, it has been found that a deep sauce can be produced by mellowing the acidity of tomato. It was also found that even when added to Chinese foods, for example, Happo sauce, fish soy emphasizes the taste of meat and seafood and enhances the taste and sweetness of vegetables.
Therefore, this invention relates also to the foodstuff manufactured using the fish soy of this invention. The food in the present invention refers to Japanese-style seasonings and seasoning liquids (liquid / powder), such as mash dashi, noodle soup and oden soup. Western-style seasonings and seasoning liquids (liquid / powder) such as tomatoes It refers to sauces, bouillon, demiglace sauce, Americane sauce and the like, and includes Chinese seasonings and seasonings (liquid / powder), for example, Happo sauce, Chinese chicken extract (Chinese Ajinomoto).
Example
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The analysis methods used in the examples are as follows.
Identification of unpleasant odor peak and calculation of RI value
First, the aromatic component was separated from the fish sauce. The aroma component was separated by the purge and trap method. 50 g (about 42 ml) of a sample was placed in an eggplant-shaped flask (100 ml) using a Tenax trapping odor set (cat. No. 2709-66026) manufactured by GL Sciences Inc., and an internal standard substance (1% cyclohexanol solution: 1 3 g L of gram cyclohexanol dissolved in 100 g distilled water), set so that the bubbler tube enters the sample, keep the sample at 40 ° C for 3 minutes without purging the sample, and then keep it at 40 ° C for high purity. After purging with nitrogen gas at a rate of 50 ml / min for 3 minutes while purging in the sample, the Tenax collection set was filled with a collection agent (Tenax TA), followed by a odor collection tube (Tenax TA (collection agent), GL Sciences) 70 mg of mesh 20-35 product number 1002-31102, inner diameter of glass tube 3 mm Catalog No. 1003-71001) in which packed) were loaded, while kept at 40 ° C. The high purity nitrogen gas was purged in the sample at 50ml / min to adsorb the flavor components of the sample to Tonioi tube. The adsorption time was 16 minutes. These adsorbed deodorants were attached to a volatile component concentration introducing device (PTI / TCT CP-4010 made by GL Sciences). Next, the trapped aroma component was injected into a gas chromatograph.
<Conditions for gas chromatograph>
Gas chromatograph: Hitachi G3900
Concentration introduction device: GL Science CP4010
Column: CP-WAX
Column size: 60m x 0.25mm ID 0.25μ
Detector: FID
Analysis conditions:
Initial temperature 50 ° C
Final temperature 230 ° C
Heating rate 2 ℃ / min
Injection temperature: 200 ° C
Detector temperature: 250 ° C
Helium gas flow rate: 0.7 ml / min
Internal standard: 1% cyclohexanol
Retention index (RI) calculation method
RI was calculated according to the following formula using the following formula.
RI = 100 × Z + (tR (substance) −tR (Z)) / (tR (Z + 1) −tR (Z)) × 100
Here, in the above formula, tR is the retention time, and Z represents the carbon number of the normal alkane (here, Z = 6 because cyclohexanol is used).
Regarding the nature of odors, the column outlets in the gas chromatograph were branched, some were detectors (FID), and the other was directly scented scents. .
Analysis of unpleasant odor materials
For each unpleasant odor peak, substance identification was analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Separation was performed under the same conditions as those for gas chromatograph analysis.
<Gas chromatograph analysis conditions>
Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer: JEOL JXS-DX303
Ionization method: electron impacted ionization
Ion source temperature: 200 ° C
Scan rate: 25-500 amu.
Scan time: 1 second
Analysis device: JEOL JMA-DA5000
Based on the RI value of each unpleasant odor peak analyzed by the gas chromatograph, the peak of the same RI value was analyzed. After identifying the substance, the odor property and the RI value of the pure substance were calculated again to determine the substance.
Example 1. Bacteria isolation
Southeast Asian fish soy and domestic fish soy were prepared, and each was added to a high salt solid medium (18% sodium chloride, 1.8% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2% fish soy made by Nutrient Agar difco) The culture was grown in a constant temperature room at 30 ° C. for 5 days, and the grown fungus groups were each transferred to a high-salt medium with a sterilized toothpick and purified after growth. Furthermore, 100 ml high-saline liquid medium (manufactured by Nutrient Broth difco with 18% salt, 1.8% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 2% fish soy) added to a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized by autoclave Then, each of the purified bacterial groups was inoculated into the cooled medium, and shaken at 30 ° C. for 2 days. After culturing, the cells were collected with a centrifuge, washed with fish soy, and collected again with a centrifuge. The bacteria were selected by putting 500 ml of fish soy collected in a 1000 ml airtight container and a centrifuge using a centrifuge, and sensory evaluation of changes in aroma components from 30 days to 3 weeks.
Example 2 Identification of bacteria
Among the microorganisms isolated in Example 1, the following examination was carried out in order to determine the species of three strains with particularly high sensory evaluation. First, in order to identify the genus, Gram staining, cell morphology, sporulation, motility, colony morphology, catalase activity, oxidase activity, and O / F test were performed to determine the genus (Table 1). As a result, all of these strains were determined to be genus Staphylococcus. In addition, rapid identification tests were conducted, and from the physiological properties tests including various enzyme activities and sugar utilization, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology vol.1 (1984) -vol.4 (1989) and Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology ( 1994) was identified as Xylosas. The results are shown in Table 2. The identification of microorganisms was entrusted to NMC Japan Co., Ltd. All of the separated bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus xylosus.
Example 3
To 500 g of Thai fish sauce (manufactured by Thai Fish Sauce), add 18% NaCl, 1.8% magnesium sulfate and 2% fish soy to cultured nutrients (Nutrient Broth from Def Collaborator). Add 100 ml to the flask, sterilize by autoclaving, transfer 1 platinum loop of fungus to the above medium, shake culture at 30 ° C. for 2 days, centrifuge, collect the fungus, wash once with fish sauce, Suspended in soy, about 0.3 g dry weight is obtained). The mixture was slowly stirred for 12 days in a thermostatic chamber at 30 ° C. Then, after centrifuging, the solution was sterilized by vacuum filtration with a 0.45 micron sterilized filter. By the above method, fish soy with a water content of about 65% and a salt content of about 22% was obtained.
Example 4
According to the method described in Example 3, the prepared fish soy was introduced into a single can type vacuum evaporator with a multi-jet condenser (capacity: about 200 liters, inner diameter: about 60 cm, height: about 80 cm), and the temperature reached 60 ° C. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced to 120 torr, the solution was concentrated to 50% Brix while maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C., and the deposited components were removed by filtration with a filter cloth. Further, it was concentrated to 74% Brix by vacuum concentration to obtain a fish soy paste having a water content of about 20% and a salt content of about 34%.
Comparative Example 1
Add caustic soda to about 60 kg of Thai fish sauce (manufactured by Thai Fish Sauce), adjust to pH 9.5, and then use a single-can vacuum evaporator with a multi-jet condenser (capacity: about 200 liters, inner diameter: about 60 cm, height: about 80 cm), and after reaching a temperature of 35 ° C., the pressure was reduced to 120 torr and the mixture was stirred for 5 hours while maintaining the temperature of 35 ° C. After reducing the pressure, the pH was adjusted to 5.2 with hydrochloric acid, and insoluble components and the like were removed with a filter cloth. Then, the fish sauce was obtained by concentrating under reduced pressure with a concentrator and adjusting the water content to about 65% and the salt content to about 22%.
The final products of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to gas chromatographic analysis, and the content of the substance having the title RI value was determined by the ratio with the area value of the internal standard substance.
Comparative Test Example 1
Aroma analysis was performed on the untreated fish sauce, the fish sauces of Examples 3 and 4 and the fish sauce of Comparative Example 1 using a gas chromatograph analysis method. The results for the substance content are shown in Table 3. In the fish sauces of Examples 3 and 4, it was found that the respective fragrance components were reduced as compared with the untreated fish sauce and also as compared with Comparative Example 1. The analyzed fish soy was adjusted to a salt content of about 22% by weight and a total nitrogen of 1.7% by weight, and then analyzed by adding 3 μl of 1% cyclohexanol to 50 g thereof.
The numerical value is a value obtained by dividing the internal standard area value by the denominator and the area of each substance by the numerator.
Comparative test example 2
The sensory evaluation of the fish sauce of an Example and an untreated fish sauce was performed. First, a 5% diluted solution was prepared, and 16 trained panelists evaluated each item with 5 points having the strongest odor and 1 point having the weakest odor. For the preference, the most preferable one was evaluated as 5 points, and the least preferable one was evaluated as one point. The results of sensory evaluation are shown in Table 4. In Example 4, the water content and salt content were adjusted to about 65% and about 22%, respectively, and then diluted 5%.
The fish soy of Example 3 and Example 4 was found to have a weak unpleasant odor peculiar to the fish soy compared to the untreated fish soy and the fish soy of Comparative Example 1.
Comparative test example 3
Add the fish sauce of the example and untreated fish soy sauce to the oden soup, and trained 16 panelists about the flavor of the oden soup with 5 most preferred fragrances for each item and 1 most unfavorable one Rated as a point. Table 5 shows the composition of oden soup, and Table 6 shows the results of sensory evaluation.
The fish soy of Example 3 was added. Odentsuyu does not impair the aroma of bonito and soy sauce, and the components in the fish sauce after removing unpleasant ingredients effectively enhance the flavor of soy sauce and bonito. This enhancement effect cannot be achieved by simply blending fish soy with reduced unpleasant odor. It has been found that this enhancement effect enhances the richness and umami of the seasoning to which the taste of fish soy is added, increasing the overall preference and providing a characteristic oden soup.
Comparative Test Example 4
The fish soy sauce of Example 3 was added to the Happo-sauce, and the taste of the Happo-san was evaluated by 16 trained panelists as 5 points for the most preferable fragrance and 1 point for the least preferable item. did. Table 7 shows the composition of the Happo vegetable sauce, and Table 8 shows the results of sensory evaluation.
As a result of creating Happo vegetables and sensory evaluation using Happo vegetables sauce to which the fish sauce of Example 3 was added, the taste of meat and seafood was emphasized, and the sweetness and umami of vegetables were enhanced. The scent of seafood and vegetables became unbreakable. This enhancement effect cannot be achieved simply by blending fish soy with reduced unpleasant odor. From this enhancing action, it has been found that a Happo sauce having an unprecedented taste can be provided.
Comparative Test Example 5
The fish sauce of Example 3 was added to the tomato sauce, and the flavor of the tomato sauce was evaluated by 16 trained panelists, with 5 points indicating the most preferable aroma and umami for each item, and 1 indicating the least preferable point. . Table 9 shows the composition of tomato sauce, and Table 10 shows the results of sensory evaluation.
As a result of adding the fish sauce of Example 3 to tomato sauce and performing sensory evaluation of the tomato sauce, there is no specific unpleasant odor or it has been reduced, so the remaining aroma component emphasizes the tomato scent, The result was an increase in umami. Moreover, it turned out that the umami | taste and kokumi of the sauce itself are changing as the depth of the taste which is not in the past. It has been found that an unprecedented tomato sauce can be provided by this taste and flavor enhancing action.
The invention's effect
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fish soy that has no unpleasant odor and can further enhance the richness and umami in the seasoning.
Claims (7)
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| JP2007097455A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Katsuya Fukami | Salted cuttlefish gut and method for making the same |
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| CN100406551C (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2008-07-30 | 中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 | A starter for fermented meat products |
| KR101079362B1 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2011-11-02 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | Seasonings using fish sauce and a method for preparing them |
| CN114209027A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-22 | 集美大学 | Preparation method of canned fatty fish |
| CN114271468A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-05 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method of utilizing large yellow croaker processing by-product fermentation to produce low-salt fish sauce |
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| JPH11196815A (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-27 | Kikkoman Corp | Production of fish soy sauce |
| JP3588438B2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2004-11-10 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Fish sauce and its manufacturing method |
-
2001
- 2001-01-23 WO PCT/JP2001/000410 patent/WO2002058487A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-23 JP JP2002536860A patent/JP3671179B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007097455A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Katsuya Fukami | Salted cuttlefish gut and method for making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2002058487A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
| WO2002058487A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
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