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JP3597783B2 - Method for producing activated carbon for adsorption heat pump - Google Patents
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JP3597783B2 - Method for producing activated carbon for adsorption heat pump - Google Patents

Method for producing activated carbon for adsorption heat pump Download PDF

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JP3597783B2
JP3597783B2 JP2001034515A JP2001034515A JP3597783B2 JP 3597783 B2 JP3597783 B2 JP 3597783B2 JP 2001034515 A JP2001034515 A JP 2001034515A JP 2001034515 A JP2001034515 A JP 2001034515A JP 3597783 B2 JP3597783 B2 JP 3597783B2
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activated carbon
heat pump
adsorption heat
potassium hydroxide
adsorption
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JP2002235965A (en
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昌信 架谷
藤雄 渡辺
友樹 中垣
元博 近藤
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法に関し、特に、低相対水蒸気圧域において吸着、脱着の可逆性に優れ、水蒸気を十分に吸着することができる吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
樹脂を加熱し、分解させて活性炭とする多くの方法が知られており、そのようにして製造された活性炭が種々の用途において使用されている。例えば、特開2000−72462の公開公報には、ポリカーボネート等のプラスチックを特定の昇温速度で加熱、分解し、水蒸気賦活等の方法により賦活して活性炭を製造する方法が開示されている。この活性炭は、特に、湿度35〜60%の範囲で水蒸気の吸脱着を行う調湿用として使用され、壁等に用いられて室内の過剰な湿気等を吸着、除去する際などには有用である。しかし、この活性炭は特に湿度35%以下の低湿度域における優れた吸、脱着性能が必要とされる吸着ヒートポンプとはまったく異なる用途において用いられるものである。
【0003】
更に、特開平9−275042号公報には、塩化ビニル系樹脂を焼成した後、アルカリ賦活してなり、有機溶媒系電気二重層コンデンサに用いられる活性炭が記載されているが、吸着ヒートポンプとは用途がまったく異なるため、必要とされる活性炭の特性も異なる。また、この活性炭は、特に、800℃付近の高温において賦活することが好ましく、賦活温度が低いと賦活が進行せず、静電容量が小さくなると説明されている。尚、塩化ビニル系樹脂を用いた場合、塩素ガスによる環境への悪影響も懸念される。
【0004】
尚、従来より、吸着ヒートポンプ用の吸着材としてシリカゲル、活性アルミナ、ゼオライト、活性炭等が検討されているが、汲み上げ温度差が大きい等の吸着ヒートポンプ用としての所要特性を十分に備える吸着材を製造することは、活性炭の場合には特に容易ではない。また、吸着ヒートポンプ用の吸着材として特定の方法により製造されたシリカゲルが知られているが、工程が煩雑であって生産性が低く、製品の価格も高くなる等の問題がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の従来の状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、相対水蒸気圧0.05と0.45の各々における吸着量の差が大きく、多くの水蒸気を吸着することができ、吸着ヒートポンプを効率よく作動させることができる吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
熱可塑性樹脂は、加熱し、熱分解した場合に、一般に炭素がほとんど残留せず、活性炭を製造する際の原料には不向きであると考えられている。しかし、熱可塑性樹脂に予め水酸化カリウム等を混合した後、これを加熱し、昇温させ、500℃前後の比較的低い温度で賦活することにより、低相対水蒸気圧域において十分な吸、脱着性能を有し、吸着ヒートポンプの用途に適した活性炭を、高い収率(原料である熱可塑性樹脂と、生成する活性炭との質量比により表わされる値である。)で効率よく製造し得ることが見出された。
本発明は、このような知見に基づきなされたものである。
【0007】
本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法は、熱可塑性樹脂と、アルカリ金属の水酸化物とを混合した後、加熱し、400℃を越え、600℃未満の温度範囲において保持し、アルカリ賦活することを特徴とする
【0008】
本発明により得られる吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭は、吸着ヒートポンプに用いられる活性炭であって、相対水蒸気圧0.05と0.45の各々において該活性炭1kg当たりに吸着される水分の質量差が0.12kg以上であるものとすることができる
【0009】
低相対水蒸気圧域である0.05と0.45の各々における水分の吸着量の質量差が0.12kg未満であると、汲み上げ温度差が大きい等の吸着ヒートポンプとして有用な活性炭とすることができない。尚、吸着ヒートポンプの運転条件によっては、0.05〜0.2、0.15〜0.45、或いは0.10〜0.35の範囲の相対水蒸気圧域で運転されることもあるが、その場合もまったく同様である。請求項1乃至2記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭では、この質量差を0.15kg以上、特に0.17kg以上、更には0.20kg以上とすることができ、吸着ヒートポンプ用として優れた吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭とすることができる。このように特定の低相対水蒸気圧域における吸着量の質量差が大きい吸着剤は、特に、活性炭においてはこれまでなかったものであり、この活性炭は吸着ヒートポンプ用として極めて有用である。
【0010】
この活性炭の製造に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されず、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリロニトリル、熱可塑性ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ポリスチレンなどを使用することができる。更に、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体等の各種の共重合樹脂を用いることもできる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂は1種のみを使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用することもできる。また、これらの熱可塑性樹脂のうちでは、活性炭としての収率が高いポリエステル樹脂が特に好ましい。原料として用いられる熱可塑性樹脂の形状は、繊維及び粉末、特に、微細な粉末等であることが好ましい。
【0011】
アルカリ金属の塩又はアルカリ金属の水酸化物としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属の炭酸塩等の塩、或いは水酸化物を使用することができる。これらの塩又は水酸化物はそれぞれ1種のみを使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。また、塩と水酸化物とを併用することもできる。これらの塩又は水酸化物のうちでは、活性炭の細径化の作用に優れ、収率を高くすることができる水酸化カリウムが特に好ましい。
【0012】
この水酸化カリウムは、熱可塑性樹脂の単位質量に対する質量比で0.8〜4.0とすることができるが、低相対水蒸気圧域における吸、脱着性能を十分に向上させるためには、質量比を1.0〜4.0、特に2.0〜3.5とすることが好ましい。水酸化カリウムが質量比で0.8未満であると、低相対水蒸気圧域における吸着量を十分に増加させることができず好ましくない。一方、この質量比が4.0を越えると、却って吸着量が減少する傾向にあり、好ましくない。
【0013】
本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法では、水酸化カリウム等を、予め熱可塑性樹脂に混合し、その後、この混合物を加熱し、昇温させて、400℃を越え、600℃未満の比較的低い温度で保持し、賦活させる。このように、熱可塑性樹脂を炭化した後、水酸化カリウム等を混合するのではなく、加熱前に予め混合した後、加熱し、比較的低い温度で賦活する。それによって、細径化をより促進することができ、低相対水蒸気圧域において優れた吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭を製造することができ、且つ残留する炭素量を増加させることができ、収率を大きく向上させることができる。混合される水酸化カリウム等の性状は特に限定されないが、通常、水溶液として混合される。
【0014】
アルカリ賦活の温度は450〜550℃、更には470〜530℃とすることが特に好ましい。この範囲の賦活温度であれば、相対水蒸気圧0.05と0.45の各々における吸着量の差が大きく、この低相対水蒸気圧域における吸着量をより増加させることができ、且つ十分に高い収率で活性炭を製造することができる。また、この賦活温度を保持する時間は特に限定されないが、下限としては30分、40分とすることができ、上限としては1時間30分、3時間とすることができる。特に40分から1時間30分とすることが好ましい。賦活温度が30分未満では、十分に細径化され、優れた吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭とすることができないことがある。一方、賦活温度は、1時間でも十分である場合が多く、3時間を越えて賦活する必要はない。
【0015】
このように、活性炭の収率は、熱可塑性樹脂と水酸化カリウム等との質量比及び賦活温度により変化するが、本発明の製造方法によれば、この収率を20%以上、特に30%以上、更には40%以上と大きく向上させることができる。特に、ポリエステル樹脂では収率を高くすることができ、40%以上の収率とすることができる。
【0016】
更に、熱可塑性樹脂の熱分解開始温度から恒量化温度までは、図3に示すように(この場合の熱可塑性樹脂はポリエステル樹脂である。)、平均昇温速度が1.0〜4.0℃/分となるように加熱することが好ましく、この平均昇温速度は、特に1.5〜3.0℃/分、更には1.5〜2.0℃/分とすることがより好ましい。このように比較的低速で昇温させることにより生成する活性炭の細径化を促進することができ、細孔の平均直径を0.9〜1.5nm(9〜15Å)、特に1.0〜1.2nm(10〜12Å)とすることができる。また、この活性炭の比表面積は、500〜1000m/g、特に600〜800m/gとすることができる。
【0017】
この平均昇温速度が1.0℃/分未満であると、細径化の面からは好ましいものの、活性炭の製造に長時間を必要とし、生産性が低く好ましくない。一方、4.0℃/分を越えると、生産性の面では好ましいものの、十分に細径化され、低相対水蒸気圧域における吸、脱着性能に優れた活性炭とすることができないことがある。尚、平均昇温速度により変化する活性炭の細孔径は僅かではあるが、この細孔径の僅かな変化が吸、脱着性能に少なからず影響を及ぼすため、所要の吸、脱着性能を勘案しつつ平均昇温速度を設定することが好ましい。
【0018】
吸着ヒートポンプは、一般に、水と、水蒸気を吸着、脱着する吸着材が配設された吸、脱着部と、この吸、脱着部に連結され、水の蒸発と凝固とを行う蒸発、凝固部と、を備えている。本発明により得られた吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭を吸着材として用いた吸着ヒートポンプでは、低相対水蒸気圧域において十分な吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭を吸着材として使用するため、汲み上げ温度差を大きくとることができる等の優れた性能を備える吸着ヒートポンプとすることができる。
【0019】
本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法によって、優れた吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭を高い収率で製造することができる理由は明らかではないが、以下のように考えられる。
熱可塑性樹脂の通常の熱分解では、樹脂は低級炭化水素ガスとなって揮散していくため、水素とともに炭素も同時に減少していく。しかし、熱分解の過程で水酸化カリウム等が混合されている場合は、この水酸化カリウム等が水素と反応して水蒸気となって放出され、残留する炭素量が増加するため、活性炭の収率が向上する。また、低級炭化水素ガスに比べ水蒸気が放出されて形成される細孔のほうがより細径化され、且つ表面が活性化される。この作用は、加熱する前、或いは熱可塑性樹脂の熱分解が始まるまで、若しくは熱分解の初期に、原料の熱可塑性樹脂と水酸化カリウム等とを混合しておくことにより得られる。尚、樹脂に残留したカリウム等のアルカリ金属は、活性炭が生成した後の水洗により水酸化カリウム等となって除去される。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例により本発明をより具体的に説明する。
(1)活性炭の製造
水酸化カリウムを秤量し、その飽和水溶液を調製した後、これに2gのポリエステル繊維を混合した。次いで、この繊維が混合された水溶液をステンレス鋼製のボートに入れ、電気炉により窒素気流中、120℃で1時間乾燥した。引き続き、昇温速度を2℃/分とし、所定の賦活温度で1時間保持した後、窒素気流中で室温まで冷却した。その後、電気炉からボートを取り出し、ボート内の残渣を水で洗浄してカリウムを水酸化カリウムとして除去し、120℃で2時間乾燥して活性炭を得た。
【0021】
(2)賦活温度及び水酸化カリウムの質量比と活性炭の収率との相関
(1)の活性炭の製造において、賦活温度及び水酸化カリウムの質量比による活性炭の収率の変化を検討した。結果を表1に示す。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003597783
【0023】
表1の結果によれば、ポリエステル繊維に対する水酸化カリウムの質量比を4.0とし、賦活温度を変化させた場合は、温度が高くなるとともに収率が低くなる傾向にあるが、収率が極端に低下することはない。一方、賦活温度を500℃とし、水酸化カリウムの質量比を変化させた場合は、質量比0.8〜3.2の範囲で質量比が大きくなるとともに収率が大きく向上することが分かる。
【0024】
また、賦活温度が500℃で水酸化カリウムの質量比が4.0である場合の収率は22%であり、水酸化カリウムの質量比が3.2である場合の42%を大きく下回っており、賦活温度が500℃で水酸化カリウムの質量比が0.8である場合の収率が5%と極めて低いことを併せ考えると、水酸化カリウムの質量比の好ましい範囲が2.0〜3.5であることが収率の面からみて裏付けられている。一方、水酸化カリウムを用いなかった場合は、加熱温度に応じた残渣が残るものの、それらはいずれも塊状の炭化物であり、目的とする活性炭を製造することはできなかった。
【0025】
尚、賦活温度を500℃とし、水酸化カリウムの質量比を3.2として、他の熱可塑性樹脂からなる繊維を用いて同様にして活性炭を製造した場合の収率は、ポリアクリロニトリルが10〜11%、ポリアミドが6%であった。このように熱可塑性樹脂の種類により収率は相当に異なっており、収率の面からみれば熱可塑性樹脂として前記のようにポリエステル樹脂を使用することが好ましい。
【0026】
(3)賦活温度及び水酸化カリウムの質量比と水蒸気吸着等温線との相関
(1)で得られた活性炭の水蒸気吸着量と相対水蒸気圧との相関を吸着側及び脱着側について吸着量測定装置(日本ベル株式会社製、型式「ベルソープ 18」)により測定し、水蒸気吸着等温線を得た。
【0027】
水酸化カリウムを一定量(8.0g、ポリエステル繊維の単位質量に対する水酸化カリウムの質量比は4.0となる。)とし、賦活温度を400℃、500℃及び600℃と変化させて製造した活性炭の水蒸気吸着等温線を図1に示す。また、賦活温度を一定(500℃)とし、水酸化カリウムを1.6g(ポリエステル繊維の単位質量に対する水酸化カリウムの質量比は0.8となる。)及び6.4g(ポリエステル繊維の単位質量に対する水酸化カリウムの質量比は3.2となる。)と変化させて製造した活性炭の水蒸気吸着等温線を、水酸化カリウムが8.0gである場合と併せて図2に示す。
【0028】
尚、図1及び図2において、横軸のP/Ps[−]は相対水蒸気圧を、縦軸のq[kg/kg]は活性炭1kg当たりの水分の吸着量(単位;kg)を表わす。また、■、◆、×及び●は吸着時の曲線、□、◇、+及び○は脱着時の曲線である。
【0029】
図1によれば、賦活温度が高くなるとともに賦活がより十分になされていることが分かる。更に、500℃で賦活してなる活性炭は、特に、0.10〜0.35の低相対蒸気圧域における水蒸気吸着等温線の傾きが400℃及び600℃で賦活してなる活性炭に比べて大きく、これら3種類の活性炭のうちでは吸着ヒートポンプの吸着材として最も適している。また、図2によれば、水酸化カリウムを1.6gから6.4gに増量した場合は、吸着量が大きく増加するが、水酸化カリウムを8.0gとした場合は、却って吸着量が減少していることが分かる。このように、水酸化カリウムの質量比の好ましい範囲が2.0〜3.5であることが吸着量の面からも裏付けられている。
【0030】
吸着ヒートポンプが作動する際の好適な相対水蒸気圧は0.10〜0.35であり、これらの各々の相対水蒸気圧における吸着量の差が大きい活性炭が好ましい。図2において、それぞれの活性炭の相対水蒸気圧0.10と0.35の各々における吸着量の差(Δq0.10−0.35)をみると、水酸化カリウムが6.4gの場合は、水蒸気吸着等温線が低相対水蒸気圧から立ち上がり、その傾きも大きいため、Δq0.10−0.35は0.20kg/kgと多い。これは水酸化カリウムが8.0gの場合の約1.7倍であり、図4に示す通常のシリカゲルの値、0.12kg/kgを大きく上回っている。また、水酸化カリウムが6.4gの場合はヒステリシスも小さく、吸着ヒートポンプの吸着材として十分に実用に供し得るものであるといえる。
【0031】
このように、本発明の製造方法によれば、Δq0.10−0.35が0.12kg/kg以上、特に0.20kg/kg以上と、極めて優れた吸、脱着性能を有する吸着ヒートポンプが得られるが、このような活性炭はこれまで得られていない。尚、この実施例では、相対水蒸気圧が0.10〜0.35の範囲の結果を示したが、相対水蒸気圧が0.05〜0.45の範囲においても同様に優れた結果が得られることは明らかである。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法によれば、優れた吸、脱着性能を有する活性炭を容易に製造することができる。即ち、本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法により得られた吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭は、吸着ヒートポンプを効率よく作動させることができる低相対水蒸気圧域において、相対水蒸気圧に対する吸着量の差が大きく、多くの水蒸気を吸着することができ、吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭として有用である。更に、本発明の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法により得られた吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭を用いた吸着ヒートポンプは、汲み上げ温度差を大きくとることができる等の優れた特性を有する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】賦活温度による水蒸気吸着等温線の変化を示すグラフである。
【図2】水酸化カリウムの質量比による水蒸気吸着等温線の変化を示すグラフである。
【図3】熱分解開始温度から恒量化温度までの平均昇温速度を変化させた場合の、相対水蒸気圧と吸着量との相関を示すグラフである。
【図4】ポリエステル繊維とシリカゲルとの、相対水蒸気圧に対する吸着量の変化を比較して示すグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump, and more particularly to a method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump that has excellent reversibility of adsorption and desorption in a low relative water vapor pressure range and can sufficiently adsorb water vapor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many methods for heating and decomposing a resin to obtain activated carbon are known, and the activated carbon thus produced is used in various applications. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-72462 discloses a method for producing activated carbon by heating and decomposing a plastic such as polycarbonate at a specific heating rate, and activating it by a method such as steam activation. This activated carbon is used particularly for humidity control for absorbing and desorbing water vapor at a humidity in the range of 35 to 60%, and is useful for, for example, adsorbing and removing excessive moisture or the like in a room when used for walls or the like. is there. However, this activated carbon is used in a completely different application from an adsorption heat pump that requires excellent absorption and desorption performance especially in a low humidity range of 35% or less.
[0003]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-275042 describes activated carbon used in organic solvent-based electric double layer capacitors, which is obtained by firing a vinyl chloride resin and then activating it with an alkali. Are completely different, so the required properties of activated carbon are also different. Further, it is described that this activated carbon is preferably activated at a high temperature of around 800 ° C., and it is described that if the activation temperature is low, the activation does not proceed and the capacitance becomes small. When a vinyl chloride resin is used, there is a concern that the chlorine gas may adversely affect the environment.
[0004]
In the past, silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, activated carbon, etc. have been studied as adsorbents for adsorption heat pumps, but manufacture adsorbents with sufficient characteristics required for adsorption heat pumps, such as a large difference in pumping temperature, etc. This is not particularly easy in the case of activated carbon. Further, silica gel produced by a specific method is known as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump, but it has problems such as complicated steps, low productivity, and high product price.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and has a large difference in the amount of adsorption at each of the relative water vapor pressures of 0.05 and 0.45, and can adsorb a large amount of water vapor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump which can efficiently operate the activated carbon.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Thermoplastic resins, when heated and thermally decomposed, generally have little residual carbon, and are considered unsuitable as raw materials for producing activated carbon. However, after mixing potassium hydroxide or the like with the thermoplastic resin in advance, the mixture is heated, heated, and activated at a relatively low temperature of about 500 ° C., so that sufficient absorption and desorption can be performed in a low relative steam pressure region. It is possible to efficiently produce activated carbon having performance and suitable for use in an adsorption heat pump at a high yield (a value represented by the mass ratio of the thermoplastic resin as a raw material to the activated carbon to be produced). Was found.
The present invention has been made based on such findings.
[0007]
In the method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump of the present invention, after mixing a thermoplastic resin and an alkali metal hydroxide, the mixture is heated, held in a temperature range of more than 400 ° C. and less than 600 ° C., and alkali activated. It is characterized by the following .
[0008]
The activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump obtained by the present invention is activated carbon used for an adsorption heat pump, and has a mass difference of 0.12 kg of water adsorbed per 1 kg of the activated carbon at each of a relative steam pressure of 0.05 and 0.45. That is all .
[0009]
When the mass difference between the amounts of water adsorbed at each of the low relative water vapor pressure ranges of 0.05 and 0.45 is less than 0.12 kg, activated carbon useful as an adsorption heat pump having a large difference in pumping temperature can be obtained. Can not. Depending on the operation conditions of the adsorption heat pump, the heat pump may be operated in a relative water vapor pressure range of 0.05 to 0.2, 0.15 to 0.45, or 0.10 to 0.35. The situation is exactly the same. In the activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to claims 1 and 2, the mass difference can be 0.15 kg or more, particularly 0.17 kg or more, and further 0.20 kg or more, and excellent absorption and desorption performance for an adsorption heat pump. Activated carbon having Such an adsorbent having a large mass difference in the amount of adsorption in a specific low relative water vapor pressure range has never before been found particularly in activated carbon, and this activated carbon is extremely useful for an adsorption heat pump.
[0010]
The thermoplastic resin used for producing the activated carbon is not particularly limited, and polyester, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, polyacetal, polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene and the like can be used. Further, various copolymer resins such as an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer can also be used. One of these thermoplastic resins may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. Further, among these thermoplastic resins, a polyester resin having a high yield as activated carbon is particularly preferable. The shape of the thermoplastic resin used as a raw material is preferably a fiber and a powder, particularly a fine powder.
[0011]
As the alkali metal salt or the alkali metal hydroxide, a salt or a hydroxide of an alkali metal carbonate such as lithium, sodium and potassium can be used. Each of these salts or hydroxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a salt and a hydroxide can be used in combination. Among these salts or hydroxides, potassium hydroxide, which has an excellent effect of reducing the diameter of activated carbon and can increase the yield, is particularly preferable.
[0012]
The potassium hydroxide can be in a mass ratio of 0.8 to 4.0 with respect to the unit mass of the thermoplastic resin. However, in order to sufficiently improve the absorption and desorption performance in a low relative steam pressure range, the potassium hydroxide must be used. It is preferable that the ratio be 1.0 to 4.0, particularly 2.0 to 3.5. If the weight ratio of potassium hydroxide is less than 0.8, the amount of adsorption in the low relative water vapor pressure range cannot be sufficiently increased, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the mass ratio exceeds 4.0, the amount of adsorption tends to decrease rather, which is not preferable.
[0013]
In the method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump of the present invention , potassium hydroxide or the like is mixed in advance with a thermoplastic resin, and then the mixture is heated and heated to a temperature higher than 400 ° C and lower than 600 ° C. Hold at low temperature and activate. In this way, after carbonizing the thermoplastic resin, potassium hydroxide or the like is not mixed, but is mixed before heating, heated, and activated at a relatively low temperature. Thereby, the reduction in diameter can be further promoted, activated carbon having excellent absorption and desorption performance in a low relative steam pressure region can be produced, and the amount of residual carbon can be increased, and the yield can be increased. Can be greatly improved. The properties of potassium hydroxide and the like to be mixed are not particularly limited, but they are usually mixed as an aqueous solution.
[0014]
The alkali activation temperature is particularly preferably 450 to 550 ° C, more preferably 470 to 530 ° C. With the activation temperature in this range, the difference in the amount of adsorption at each of the relative steam pressures of 0.05 and 0.45 is large, and the amount of adsorption in the low relative steam pressure region can be further increased, and is sufficiently high. Activated carbon can be produced with a high yield. The time for maintaining the activation temperature is not particularly limited, but the lower limit can be 30 minutes and 40 minutes, and the upper limit can be 1 hour 30 minutes and 3 hours. In particular, the time is preferably from 40 minutes to 1 hour 30 minutes. If the activation temperature is less than 30 minutes, the activated carbon may not be sufficiently reduced in diameter and may have excellent absorption and desorption performance. On the other hand, the activation temperature is often sufficient even for one hour, and it is not necessary to activate for more than three hours.
[0015]
As described above, the yield of activated carbon varies depending on the mass ratio of the thermoplastic resin to potassium hydroxide and the like and the activation temperature. According to the production method of the present invention, the yield is 20% or more, particularly 30%. As described above, it can be further improved to 40% or more. In particular, the yield of the polyester resin can be increased, and the yield can be 40% or more.
[0016]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (the thermoplastic resin in this case is a polyester resin), the average temperature rise rate is from 1.0 to 4.0 from the thermal decomposition start temperature to the constant temperature of the thermoplastic resin. C./minute is preferred, and the average temperature rise rate is particularly preferably 1.5 to 3.0.degree. C./minute, more preferably 1.5 to 2.0.degree. C./minute. . By raising the temperature at a relatively low speed in this manner, it is possible to promote the reduction in the diameter of the activated carbon produced, and to reduce the average diameter of the pores to 0.9 to 1.5 nm (9 to 15 °), particularly 1.0 to It can be set to 1.2 nm (10 to 12 °). The specific surface area of the activated carbon can be 500 to 1000 m 2 / g, particularly 600 to 800 m 2 / g.
[0017]
When the average rate of temperature rise is less than 1.0 ° C./min, although it is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the diameter, the production of activated carbon requires a long time and the productivity is low, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 4.0 ° C./min, although it is preferable in terms of productivity, it may not be possible to obtain activated carbon having a sufficiently small diameter and excellent in absorption and desorption performance in a low relative steam pressure region. Although the pore diameter of activated carbon that changes with the average heating rate is small, this slight change in the pore diameter has a considerable effect on the absorption and desorption performance. It is preferable to set a heating rate.
[0018]
In general, an adsorption heat pump is provided with a suction and desorption section provided with an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing water and water vapor, and an evaporation and coagulation section connected to the suction and desorption section to perform water evaporation and solidification. , Is provided. In the adsorption heat pump using the activated carbon for the adsorption heat pump obtained according to the present invention as an adsorbent, the activated carbon having sufficient absorption and desorption performance in a low relative steam pressure region is used as the adsorbent, so that a large difference in pumping temperature is required. Thus, an adsorption heat pump having excellent performance, such as the ability to perform heat treatment, can be obtained.
[0019]
The reason why the method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump of the present invention can produce activated carbon having excellent absorption and desorption performance in a high yield is not clear, but is considered as follows.
In normal thermal decomposition of a thermoplastic resin, the resin is volatilized as a lower hydrocarbon gas, so that carbon is also reduced together with hydrogen. However, when potassium hydroxide or the like is mixed during the pyrolysis process, the potassium hydroxide or the like reacts with hydrogen to be released as steam, and the amount of remaining carbon increases. Is improved. Further, as compared with the lower hydrocarbon gas, the pores formed by releasing water vapor have a smaller diameter and the surface is activated. This effect can be obtained by mixing the raw material thermoplastic resin with potassium hydroxide or the like before heating, until the thermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin starts, or at the beginning of the thermal decomposition. Incidentally, alkali metals such as potassium remaining in the resin are removed as potassium hydroxide or the like by washing with water after activated carbon is formed.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
(1) Production of activated carbon After potassium hydroxide was weighed and a saturated aqueous solution thereof was prepared, 2 g of polyester fiber was mixed with the aqueous solution. Next, the aqueous solution in which the fibers were mixed was put into a stainless steel boat, and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen stream by an electric furnace. Subsequently, the temperature was raised at a rate of 2 ° C./min., Maintained at a predetermined activation temperature for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature in a nitrogen stream. Thereafter, the boat was taken out of the electric furnace, the residue in the boat was washed with water to remove potassium as potassium hydroxide, and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain activated carbon.
[0021]
(2) Correlation between Activation Temperature and Mass Ratio of Potassium Hydroxide and Yield of Activated Carbon In the production of activated carbon of (1), a change in the yield of activated carbon depending on the activation temperature and the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide was examined. Table 1 shows the results.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003597783
[0023]
According to the results in Table 1, when the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to the polyester fiber was 4.0 and the activation temperature was changed, the temperature tended to increase and the yield tended to decrease. It does not drop extremely. On the other hand, when the activation temperature was set to 500 ° C. and the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide was changed, it was found that the mass ratio was increased and the yield was greatly improved in the mass ratio range of 0.8 to 3.2.
[0024]
When the activation temperature is 500 ° C. and the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 4.0, the yield is 22%, which is much lower than 42% when the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 3.2. Considering the extremely low yield of 5% when the activation temperature is 500 ° C. and the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 0.8, the preferable range of the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 2.0 to 2.0%. 3.5 is supported in terms of yield. On the other hand, when potassium hydroxide was not used, although residues depending on the heating temperature remained, they were all massive carbides, and the desired activated carbon could not be produced.
[0025]
When the activation temperature was set to 500 ° C., the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide was set to 3.2, and the activated carbon was produced in the same manner using fibers made of another thermoplastic resin, the yield was 10 to 10% for polyacrylonitrile. 11% and 6% polyamide. As described above, the yield varies considerably depending on the type of the thermoplastic resin. From the viewpoint of the yield, it is preferable to use the polyester resin as the thermoplastic resin as described above.
[0026]
(3) Correlation between activation temperature, mass ratio of potassium hydroxide and water vapor adsorption isotherm Correlation between water vapor adsorption amount of activated carbon obtained in (1) and relative water vapor pressure is measured for the adsorption side and the desorption side. ("Bellsoap 18", manufactured by Bell Japan Co., Ltd.) to obtain a water vapor adsorption isotherm.
[0027]
A certain amount of potassium hydroxide was used (8.0 g, the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to unit mass of polyester fiber was 4.0), and the activation temperature was changed to 400 ° C, 500 ° C, and 600 ° C. The water vapor adsorption isotherm of activated carbon is shown in FIG. The activation temperature was kept constant (500 ° C.), and 1.6 g of potassium hydroxide (the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to the unit mass of polyester fiber was 0.8) and 6.4 g (unit mass of polyester fiber). FIG. 2 shows the water vapor adsorption isotherm of the activated carbon produced by changing the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to 3.2) with the case where potassium hydroxide was 8.0 g.
[0028]
1 and 2, P / Ps [-] on the horizontal axis represents relative water vapor pressure, and q [kg / kg] on the vertical axis represents the amount of water adsorbed per kg of activated carbon (unit: kg). In addition, Δ, Δ, × and ● are curves at the time of adsorption, □, Δ, + and ○ are curves at the time of desorption.
[0029]
According to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the activation is more sufficiently performed as the activation temperature increases. Furthermore, the activated carbon activated at 500 ° C. has a larger slope of the water vapor adsorption isotherm particularly in the low relative vapor pressure region of 0.10 to 0.35 than the activated carbon activated at 400 ° C. and 600 ° C. Of these three types of activated carbon, it is most suitable as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump. According to FIG. 2, when the amount of potassium hydroxide was increased from 1.6 g to 6.4 g, the amount of adsorption was greatly increased, but when the amount of potassium hydroxide was 8.0 g, the amount of adsorption was rather decreased. You can see that it is doing. Thus, the fact that the preferable range of the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 2.0 to 3.5 is supported from the viewpoint of the amount of adsorption.
[0030]
The preferred relative steam pressure when the adsorption heat pump operates is 0.10 to 0.35, and activated carbon having a large difference in the amount of adsorption at each of the relative steam pressures is preferred. In FIG. 2, the difference in the amount of adsorption ( Δq 0.10−0.35 ) at each of the relative steam pressures of 0.10 and 0.35 of each activated carbon is shown. Since the water vapor adsorption isotherm rises from a low relative water vapor pressure and has a large gradient, Δq 0.10-0.35 is as large as 0.20 kg / kg. This is about 1.7 times that in the case of 8.0 g of potassium hydroxide, and greatly exceeds the value of ordinary silica gel shown in FIG. 4, which is 0.12 kg / kg. When the amount of potassium hydroxide is 6.4 g, the hysteresis is small, and it can be said that the compound can be sufficiently used as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump.
[0031]
Thus, according to the production method of the present invention, Δq 0.10-0.35 is 0.12 kg / kg or more, particularly 0.20 kg / kg or more, and an adsorption heat pump having extremely excellent absorption and desorption performance can be obtained. However, such activated carbon has not been obtained so far. In addition, in this example, although the result in which the relative water vapor pressure was in the range of 0.10 to 0.35 was shown, similarly excellent results are obtained in the case where the relative water vapor pressure is in the range of 0.05 to 0.45. It is clear.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump of the present invention , activated carbon having excellent absorption and desorption performance can be easily produced. That is, the activated carbon for the adsorption heat pump obtained by the method for producing the activated carbon for the adsorption heat pump of the present invention has a large difference in the amount of adsorption with respect to the relative steam pressure in a low relative steam pressure region where the adsorption heat pump can be efficiently operated. It can adsorb a large amount of water vapor and is useful as activated carbon for adsorption heat pumps. Furthermore, an adsorption heat pump using activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump obtained by the method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump of the present invention has excellent properties such as a large difference in pumping temperature.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in a water vapor adsorption isotherm according to an activation temperature.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a change in a water vapor adsorption isotherm according to a mass ratio of potassium hydroxide.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a correlation between a relative water vapor pressure and an adsorption amount when an average heating rate from a thermal decomposition starting temperature to a constant temperature is changed.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of a change in the amount of adsorption between a polyester fiber and silica gel with respect to a relative water vapor pressure.

Claims (7)

熱可塑性樹脂と、アルカリ金属の水酸化物とを混合した後、加熱し、400℃を越え、600℃未満の温度範囲において保持し、アルカリ賦活することを特徴とする吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 A method for producing activated carbon for an adsorptive heat pump, comprising mixing a thermoplastic resin and an alkali metal hydroxide, heating the mixture, holding the mixture in a temperature range of more than 400 ° C. and less than 600 ° C., and activating the alkali. . 上記アルカリ金属の水酸化物が水酸化カリウムである請求項1記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 The method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxide of the alkali metal is potassium hydroxide . 上記熱可塑性樹脂の単位質量に対する上記水酸化カリウムの質量比が0.8〜4.0である請求項2記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 The method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide to the unit mass of the thermoplastic resin is 0.8 to 4.0 . 上記アルカリ賦活の温度範囲が450〜550℃である請求項1乃至3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 The method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a temperature range of the alkali activation is 450 to 550 ° C. 上記熱可塑性樹脂の熱分解開始温度から恒量化温度までの平均昇温速度が1.0〜4.0℃/分となるように加熱する請求項1乃至4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 5. The thermoplastic resin according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin is heated so that an average rate of temperature rise from a thermal decomposition start temperature to a constant temperature is 1.0 to 4.0 ° C./min. For producing activated carbon for adsorption heat pumps . 上記熱可塑性樹脂がポリエステル樹脂である請求項1乃至5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 The method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyester resin . 上記吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭は、相対水蒸気圧0.05と0.45の各々において該活性炭1kg当たりに吸着される水分の質量差が0.12kg以上である請求項1乃至6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の吸着ヒートポンプ用活性炭の製造方法 7. The activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein a mass difference of water adsorbed per kg of the activated carbon is 0.12 kg or more at each of a relative steam pressure of 0.05 and 0.45. 13. The method for producing activated carbon for an adsorption heat pump according to the above item .
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