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JP3609673B2 - Method for producing open-cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam - Google Patents
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JP3609673B2 - Method for producing open-cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam - Google Patents

Method for producing open-cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3609673B2
JP3609673B2 JP35908899A JP35908899A JP3609673B2 JP 3609673 B2 JP3609673 B2 JP 3609673B2 JP 35908899 A JP35908899 A JP 35908899A JP 35908899 A JP35908899 A JP 35908899A JP 3609673 B2 JP3609673 B2 JP 3609673B2
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open
foam
gas
crosslinked foam
cell
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JP2001172422A (en
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俊二 武田
紳一郎 伊藤
和生 小林
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、微生物繁殖用の担持体として好適に使用できる連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体の製造方法に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0002】
従来、ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる連続気泡性架橋発泡体は、緩衝材等として多くの分野で使用されている。その製造方法としては、例えば、特開昭56−121739号公報に記載されているように、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を架橋発泡させた後に機械的変形を加えて気泡を連通する方法が挙げられる。しかしながら、該方法では、気泡壁が部分的に破泡することにより微細な連通孔が形成され、気泡が連通化するものであり、該方法により得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体は、連続気泡率が高いものであっても通気性及び吸水性が低く、通気性、吸水性等が要求される用途、例えば、微生物繁殖用の担持体などには不適であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、通気性及び吸水性に優れ、特に、微生物繁殖用の担持体として好適に使用できる連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体(以下、「連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)」と記す)の製造方法は、連続気泡率が70%以上、かつ、発泡倍率が10〜100倍である連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体(以下、「連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)」と記す)を密閉容器に充填した後、密閉容器内を脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内を真空にする第1工程、前記密閉容器内に酸素ガス及び可燃ガスを、その分圧が0.05〜0.3MPaになるように注入する第2工程並びに前記酸素ガス及び可燃ガスに点火し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の通気度を1/10以下にし、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得る第3工程とからなることを特徴とする。
【0005】
本発明の製造方法の第1工程は、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を密閉容器に充填した後、密閉容器内を脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内を真空にするものであり、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなり、その連続気泡率が70%以上、かつ、発泡倍率が10〜100倍である。
【0006】
上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、低密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレンを主成分とするエチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレンを主成分とするエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、、エチレンを主成分とするエチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合体、ポリプロピレン、プロピレンを主成分とするエチレン−プロピレン共重合体、プロピレンを主成分とするエチレン−プロピレン−ブテン3元共重合体、ポリブテン等が挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても2種以上併用してもよい。
【0007】
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の連続気泡率が低くなると、得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の連続気泡率も低くなり、通気性及び吸水性が低下するので、70%以上に限定され、好ましくは100%である。
尚、本発明でいう連続気泡率は、ASTM D1940−62Tに準拠して、連続気泡性架橋発泡体の独立気泡率(%)を測定し、100からその値を減じたものである。
【0008】
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の発泡倍率は、小さくなると連続気泡率が低くなり易く、また、気泡壁が厚くなるので、後述する第3工程において連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の通気度を1/10にするのが困難になり、大きくなると後述する第3工程において連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)がへたり易くなり、また、得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)もへたり易くなるので、10〜100倍に限定され、好ましくは20〜50倍である。
尚、本発明でいう発泡倍率は、連続気泡性架橋発泡体から試料を採取した後、該試料の重量及び体積を測定し、次式により算出した値である。
発泡倍率(倍)=試料の体積(cm)/試料の重量(g)
【0009】
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の架橋度は特には限定されないが、小さくなると得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の強度、耐候性等が低下し、大きくなると連続気泡率の高い連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)が得られ難くなり、また、後述する第3工程において、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の通気度を1/10にするのが困難になるので、40〜70%が好ましい。
【0010】
尚、本発明でいう架橋度は、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)又は(2)(架橋度は同じ)を用い、以下の方法により算出した値である。
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)又は(2)を約100mg採取して試料とし、該試料の乾燥重量を測定する。次に、試料を120℃のキシレン50ml中に入れて24時間放置した後、200メッシュの金網を透過させ、残存物の乾燥重量を測定し、次式により架橋度を算出する。
架橋度(%)={残存物の乾燥重量(mg)/試料の乾燥重量(mg)}×100
【0011】
また、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、その表面にスキン層があると連続気泡率の高いものが得られ難く、また、得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の通気性及び吸水性が低くなるので、スキン層を有していないものが好ましい。スキン層を除去する方法としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意の方法が採用されてよく、例えば、表層部分をスライスして取り除く方法が挙げられる。
【0012】
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を得る方法としては、特には限定されず、従来公知の任意の方法が採用されてよい。例えば、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂に熱分解型発泡剤の他、必要に応じて架橋剤、発泡助剤等を添加して混練し、所定形状に成形した後、加熱により架橋発泡し、そのスキン層を除去した後に機械的変形を加えて気泡を連通する方法、前記方法において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂としてシラン架橋性ポリオレフィン系樹脂を使用する方法等が挙げられる。
【0013】
上記熱分解型発泡剤としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、アゾジカルボンアミド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、p−トルエンスルホニルヒドラジド、ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン、4,4’−オキシビスベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド等が挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても2種以上併用してもよい。中でも、アゾジカルボンアミドが発生ガス量、取扱いの安全性等が優れているので好ましい。熱分解型発泡剤の添加量は、所望の発泡倍率に応じて適宜調整されるが、通常は、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂100重量部に対して、5〜30重量部が好ましい。
【0014】
上記架橋剤としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、ジクミルパーオキサイド、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキセン−3等の有機過酸化物が挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても2種以上併用してもよい。架橋剤の添加量は、所望の架橋度に応じて適宜調整されるが、通常は、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂100重量部に対して、0.05〜1重量部が好ましい。
【0015】
上記発泡助剤としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、酸化亜鉛、尿素及びその誘導体、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛等が挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても2種以上併用してもよい。発泡助剤は熱分解型発泡剤の分解温度、速度等を調節するものであり、その添加量等は、所望の発泡倍率、気泡形状等に応じて適宜調整される。
【0016】
上記シラン架橋性ポリオレフィン系樹脂としては、上記ポリオレフィン系樹脂にシラン化合物がグラフトされたものである。
シラン化合物としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルジメトキシシラン、ビニルジエトキシシラン、3−メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
【0017】
上記密閉容器としては、内部を真空の状態にし得るものであれば特には限定されず、その形状、大きさ等は適宜決定してよい。
密閉容器内を脱気する方法としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意の方法が採用されてよく、例えば、真空ポンプによる方法が挙げられる。
【0018】
本発明の製造方法の第2工程では、上記密閉容器内に酸素ガス及び可燃ガスを、その分圧が0.05〜0.3MPaになるように注入する。
【0019】
上記可燃ガスは、酸素ガスの存在下で燃焼可能なものであれば特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、水素ガス、メタンガス、プロパンガス等が挙げられる。
酸素ガスと可燃ガスの混合比は、燃焼可能な範囲であれば特には限定されないが、酸素ガス:可燃ガスが、体積比で1:1〜1:3が好ましい。
【0020】
酸素ガス及び可燃ガスの分圧は、低くなると後述する第3工程において連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の通気度を1/10にするのが困難になり、得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の通気性及び吸水性が低下し、高くなると後述する第3工程において連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)がへたり易くなるので、0.05〜0.3MPaに限定され、好ましくは0.08〜0.15MPaである。
【0021】
ガスの注入方法としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意の方法が採用されてよく、例えば、酸素ガス及び可燃ガスを混合した状態でポンプにより注入する方法、酸素ガス及び可燃ガスを、それぞれ別のポンプにより注入する方法等が挙げられる。
尚、ガス注入直後はガスの分散状態が不均一であるので、注入後、数分間放置しておくのが好ましい。
【0022】
また、酸素ガス及び可燃ガスの分圧が上記範囲であれば、その他に不活性ガスが混在していてもよい。不活性ガスとしては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意のものが使用されてよく、例えば、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガス、アルゴンガス、炭酸ガス等が挙げられる。
【0023】
本発明の製造方法の第3工程では、密閉容器内に注入した上記酸素ガス及び可燃ガスに点火し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の通気度を1/10以下にし、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得る。
【0024】
上記点火方法としては特には限定されず、従来公知の任意の方法が採用されてよく、例えば、スパークスイッチなどでスパークさせる方法が挙げられる。
【0025】
得られる連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の通気度は、高くなると通気性及び吸水性が低下するので、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の1/10以下に限定され、好ましくは1/15以下であり、さらに好ましくは1/20以下である。また、その値は1秒以下が好ましい。
【0026】
尚、本発明でいう通気度は、以下の方法により測定した値である。
まず、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)から、厚さ10mm×6.45mmの試料を採取し、該発泡体の厚さ方向に580gの荷重をかけ、その状態で発泡体厚さ方向に50cmの空気が通過する時間(秒)を、デンソメータ(東洋精機社製、商品名「B型ガーレ式デンソメータ」)を用いて測定した値である。
【0027】
連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の発泡倍率は、10〜100倍が好ましく、より好ましくは20〜50倍であり、上述した連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)と同等であるのが好ましい。
【0028】
また、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の平均気泡径は、小さくなると気泡が不均一になり易く、大きくなると粗大気泡が生じ易くなり、いずれも連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)の通気性及び吸水性が不均一になるので、100〜2500μmが好ましく、より好ましくは500〜1500μmである。
尚、本発明でいう平均気泡径は、以下の方法により算出した値である。
まず、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を、その厚さ方向略中央でスライスし、その断面写真を倍率約25倍に拡大する。該断面写真に直線をひき、直線上の一定長さL(実寸で約4〜5mm)中にかかる気泡の数Nを数え、L/Nを算出する。気泡を数える場合は、気泡壁が連通しているかどうかは問わず、気泡壁により囲まれた部分を1つの気泡とする。前記方法により断面写真任意部分におけるL/Nを算出し、得られた値の最大値を平均気泡径とする。
【0029】
上記より、連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体(1)としては、通気度が1秒以下、発泡倍率が10〜100倍及び平均気泡径が100〜2500μmであるのが好ましく、さらに、架橋度が40〜70%であるのがより好ましい。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に実施例を掲げて本発明の態様を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0031】
(実施例1)
低密度ポリエチレンにアゾジカルボンアミド及びジクミルパーオキサイドを添加し、混練した後、プレス金型に充填して所定形状に成形した。その後、加熱して架橋発泡させて架橋発泡体を得、該架橋発泡体のスキン層をスライスして除去した後、2本のロール間に数回通して圧縮して気泡を連通させ、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を得た。連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、連続気泡率が100%、発泡倍率が30.6倍、架橋度が60%及び通気度が8.9秒であった。
【0032】
上記連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス及び水素ガスが体積比1:2で混合された混合ガスを、その分圧が0.08MPa(全圧0.08MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させた後、空気と置換して本発明の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得た。
得られた連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)は、発泡倍率が29.2倍、通気度が0.1秒及び平均気泡径が700μmであった。
【0033】
(実施例2)
酢酸ビニル含量が15重量%のエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体にアゾジカルボンアミド及びジクミルパーオキサイドを添加し、混練した後、実施例1と同様にして、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を得た。連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、連続気泡率が90%、発泡倍率が40.9倍、架橋度が55%及び通気度が25.2秒であった。
【0034】
上記連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス、水素ガス及び窒素ガスが体積比1:2:3で混合された混合ガスを、酸素ガス及び水素ガスの分圧が0.12MPa(全圧0.23MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させた後、空気と置換して本発明の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得た。
得られた連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)は、発泡倍率が39.1倍、通気度が0.5秒及び平均気泡径が1000μmであった。
【0035】
(実施例3)
アゾジカルボンアミド及びジクミルパーオキサイドの量を変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を得た。連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、連続気泡率が100%、発泡倍率が85.4倍、架橋度が65%及び通気度が2.2秒であった。
【0036】
上記連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス、水素ガス及び二酸化炭素ガスが体積比1:2:7で混合された混合ガスを、酸素ガス及び水素ガスの分圧が0.05MPa(全圧0.17MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させた後、空気と置換して本発明の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得た。
得られた連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)は、発泡倍率が70.6倍、通気度が0.12秒及び平均気泡径が1900μmであった。
【0037】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を用い、該連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス、水素ガス及び窒素ガスが体積比3:6:1で混合された混合ガスを、酸素ガス及び水素ガスの分圧が0.41MPa(全圧0.45MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させたところ、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)がへたってしまい、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)は得られなかった。
【0038】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を用い、該連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス、メタンガス及び窒素ガスが体積比6:3:1で混合された混合ガスを、酸素ガス及びメタンガスの分圧が0.03MPa(全圧0.033MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させたが、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)はほとんど変化しなかった。
【0039】
(比較例3)
低密度ポリエチレンにアゾジカルボンアミド及びジクミルパーオキサイドを添加し、混練した後、プレス金型に充填して所定形状に成形した。その後、加熱して架橋発泡させて架橋発泡体を得、該架橋発泡体のスキン層をスライスして除去した後、2本のロール間に数回通して圧縮して気泡を連通させ、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を得た。連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)は、連続気泡率が62%、発泡倍率が29.6倍、架橋度が70%及び通気度が7.3秒であった。
【0040】
上記連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)を縦50cm×横50cm×深さ50cmの容器に充填して密閉した後、該容器内を真空ポンプを用いて充分に脱気し、連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)の気泡内に至るまで真空にした。その後、酸素ガス、水素ガス及び窒素ガスが体積比1:2:3で混合された混合ガスを、酸素ガス及び水素ガスの分圧が0.10MPa(全圧0.20MPa)になるようにポンプで注入し、3分間放置した。次に、該容器内でスパークスイッチを用いてスパークさせて点火し、混合ガスを燃焼させた後、空気と置換して本発明の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を得た。
得られた連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)は、気泡が不均一であり、その発泡倍率が29.2倍、通気度が4.6秒及び平均気泡径が900μmであった。
【0041】
微生物繁殖用の担持体としての評価
実施例1の連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)及び連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)を用い、以下のようにして微生物繁殖用の担持体としての評価を行った。
水量5000cm、水温20℃、曝気量8000cm/分の中に、標準生ごみ160g及び以下の発泡体を投入し、回転数200rpmで連続攪拌した。7日経過ごとに標準生ごみ160gを新たに投入していき、浮遊物(直径1μm以上のもの)の浮遊量(mg/cm)を21日間にわたって測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
評価1:連続気泡性架橋発泡体(1)から約1cm四方の立方体状の試料を採取し、該試料を約1000cm用いた。
評価2:連続気泡性架橋発泡体(2)から約1cm四方の立方体状の試料を採取し、該試料を約1000cm用いた。
評価3:発泡体は用いなかった。
【0042】
【表1】

Figure 0003609673
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法は上述の通りであるので、高い連続気泡率を有するだけでなく、通気性及び吸水性にも優れた連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体を容易に得ることができる。また、該方法により得られる連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体は、通気性及び吸水性が必要とされる用途、特に、微生物繁殖用の担持体として好適に使用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an open-cell polyolefin-based resin cross-linked foam that can be suitably used as a carrier for propagation of microorganisms.
[Prior art]
[0002]
Conventionally, an open-celled crosslinked foam made of a polyolefin-based resin has been used in many fields as a cushioning material or the like. As the production method, for example, as described in JP-A-56-121739, there is a method in which a polyolefin resin is crosslinked and foamed and then mechanically deformed to allow bubbles to communicate. However, in this method, the cell wall partially breaks to form fine communication holes, and the cells communicate with each other. The open cell crosslinked foam obtained by the method has an open cell rate. Even if it is high, the air permeability and water absorption are low, and it is unsuitable for uses requiring air permeability, water absorption, etc., for example, carriers for microbial propagation.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an open-cell polyolefin-based resin cross-linked foam that is excellent in air permeability and water absorption and that can be suitably used as a carrier for propagation of microorganisms.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing an open-cell polyolefin-based resin cross-linked foam of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “open-cell cross-linked cross-linked foam (1)”) has an open cell ratio of 70% or more and an expansion ratio of 10 to 100. Double-opened open-cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam (hereinafter referred to as “open-cell cross-linked cross-linked foam (2)”) is filled in a sealed container, and then the inside of the sealed container is degassed to open-cell cross-linked foamed foam A first step of evacuating the air bubbles in the body (2), a second step of injecting oxygen gas and combustible gas into the sealed container so that the partial pressure is 0.05 to 0.3 MPa, and the oxygen It is characterized by comprising a third step of igniting a gas and a combustible gas, setting the air permeability of the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) to 1/10 or less, and obtaining the open-celled crosslinked foam (1).
[0005]
In the first step of the production method of the present invention, after the open cell crosslinked foam (2) is filled in the sealed container, the inside of the sealed container is degassed, and the inside of the cell of the open cell crosslinked foam (2) is evacuated. The open cell cross-linked foam (2) is made of a polyolefin-based resin, and has an open cell ratio of 70% or more and an expansion ratio of 10 to 100 times.
[0006]
The polyolefin-based resin is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known resin may be used. For example, low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and ethylene as a main component. Ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer based on ethylene, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer based on ethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer based on propylene Examples thereof include ethylene, propylene-butene terpolymers mainly composed of propylene, and polybutene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0007]
When the open cell ratio of the open cell crosslinked foam (2) is low, the open cell ratio of the obtained open cell crosslinked foam (1) is also low, and the air permeability and water absorption are reduced. Limited and preferably 100%.
In addition, the open cell rate as used in the field of this invention measures the closed cell rate (%) of an open cell crosslinked foamed body based on ASTM D1940-62T, and subtracts the value from 100.
[0008]
If the expansion ratio of the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) is small, the open-cell ratio tends to be low, and the cell wall becomes thick. Therefore, the aeration of the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) in the third step to be described later. It becomes difficult to reduce the degree to 1/10, and when it becomes large, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) is easily sag in the third step described later, and the obtained open-celled crosslinked foam (1) is also Since it becomes easy to loosen, it is limited to 10 to 100 times, preferably 20 to 50 times.
The expansion ratio as used in the present invention is a value calculated from the following equation by measuring the weight and volume of the sample after collecting the sample from the open-celled crosslinked foam.
Foaming ratio (times) = sample volume (cm 3 ) / sample weight (g)
[0009]
The degree of cross-linking of the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) is not particularly limited, but the strength, weather resistance, etc. of the obtained open-celled crosslinked foam (1) are reduced when it is small, and the continuous cell ratio is high when it is large. It becomes difficult to obtain the cellular crosslinked foam (2), and in the third step described later, it becomes difficult to reduce the air permeability of the open-cell crosslinked foam (2) to 1/10. 70% is preferred.
[0010]
The degree of crosslinking in the present invention is a value calculated by the following method using the open-celled crosslinked foam (1) or (2) (the degree of crosslinking is the same).
About 100 mg of open-celled crosslinked foam (1) or (2) is sampled and used as a sample, and the dry weight of the sample is measured. Next, the sample is placed in 50 ml of xylene at 120 ° C. and allowed to stand for 24 hours, then passed through a 200-mesh wire mesh, the dry weight of the residue is measured, and the degree of crosslinking is calculated by the following formula.
Degree of crosslinking (%) = {dry weight of residue (mg) / dry weight of sample (mg)} × 100
[0011]
Moreover, it is difficult to obtain an open-celled crosslinked foam (2) having a high open-cell ratio if a skin layer is present on the surface thereof. Also, the air-permeability and water absorption of the obtained open-celled crosslinked foam (1) are difficult. Since the properties are low, those having no skin layer are preferred. The method for removing the skin layer is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be employed. For example, a method of slicing and removing the surface layer portion may be mentioned.
[0012]
The method for obtaining the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be employed. For example, in addition to the pyrolytic foaming agent, if necessary, a crosslinking agent, a foaming aid, etc. are added to the polyolefin-based resin and kneaded. After molding into a predetermined shape, the foamed foam is heated to form a skin layer. Examples thereof include a method in which bubbles are communicated by applying mechanical deformation after removal, and a method in which a silane crosslinkable polyolefin resin is used as the polyolefin resin.
[0013]
The pyrolytic foaming agent is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known one may be used. For example, azodicarbonamide, azobisisobutyronitrile, p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine 4,4′-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, azodicarbonamide is preferred because of its excellent gas generation amount and safety in handling. The amount of the pyrolytic foaming agent added is appropriately adjusted according to the desired foaming ratio, but is usually preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
[0014]
The crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known crosslinking agent may be used. For example, dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane And organic peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexene-3. You may use together. Although the addition amount of a crosslinking agent is suitably adjusted according to the desired degree of crosslinking, 0.05-1 weight part is preferable with respect to 100 weight part of said polyolefin resin normally.
[0015]
The foaming aid is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known one may be used. Examples thereof include zinc oxide, urea and derivatives thereof, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and the like. You may use it or it may use 2 or more types together. The foaming assistant adjusts the decomposition temperature, speed and the like of the thermal decomposition type foaming agent, and the addition amount and the like are appropriately adjusted according to the desired foaming ratio, bubble shape and the like.
[0016]
The silane crosslinkable polyolefin resin is obtained by grafting a silane compound to the polyolefin resin.
The silane compound is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known silane compound may be used. For example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyldimethoxysilane, vinyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxy Silane etc. are mentioned.
[0017]
The airtight container is not particularly limited as long as the inside can be evacuated, and the shape, size, and the like may be appropriately determined.
The method for degassing the inside of the hermetic container is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be employed, for example, a method using a vacuum pump.
[0018]
In the second step of the production method of the present invention, oxygen gas and combustible gas are injected into the sealed container so that the partial pressure is 0.05 to 0.3 MPa.
[0019]
The combustible gas is not particularly limited as long as it can be combusted in the presence of oxygen gas, and any conventionally known combustible gas may be used, and examples thereof include hydrogen gas, methane gas, and propane gas.
The mixing ratio of oxygen gas and combustible gas is not particularly limited as long as it is in a combustible range, but oxygen gas: combustible gas is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 3 by volume.
[0020]
When the partial pressures of oxygen gas and combustible gas are lowered, it becomes difficult to make the air permeability of the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) 1/10 in the third step described later, and the obtained open-celled crosslinked foam is obtained. When the air permeability and water absorption of (1) are lowered and increased, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) is liable to sag in the third step to be described later, so it is limited to 0.05 to 0.3 MPa, preferably 0.08 to 0.15 MPa.
[0021]
The gas injection method is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be employed.For example, a method of injecting with a pump in a state where oxygen gas and combustible gas are mixed, oxygen gas and combustible gas, respectively. The method of injecting with another pump is mentioned.
Since the gas dispersion state is not uniform immediately after gas injection, it is preferable to leave it for several minutes after injection.
[0022]
Moreover, as long as the partial pressure of oxygen gas and combustible gas is the said range, other inert gas may be mixed. The inert gas is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known gas may be used, and examples thereof include nitrogen gas, helium gas, argon gas, and carbon dioxide gas.
[0023]
In the third step of the production method of the present invention, the oxygen gas and the combustible gas injected into the hermetic container are ignited to reduce the air permeability of the open cell crosslinked foamed body (2) to 1/10 or less. A foam (1) is obtained.
[0024]
The ignition method is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be employed. Examples thereof include a method of sparking with a spark switch or the like.
[0025]
The air permeability of the obtained open cell crosslinked foam (1) is limited to 1/10 or less of the open cell crosslinked foam (2), and preferably 1 / 15 or less, more preferably 1/20 or less. The value is preferably 1 second or less.
[0026]
The air permeability referred to in the present invention is a value measured by the following method.
First, a sample having a thickness of 10 mm × 6.45 mm 2 was taken from the open-celled crosslinked foam (1), and a load of 580 g was applied in the thickness direction of the foam. It is a value measured by using a densometer (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “B-type Gurley Densometer”) for 50 cm 3 of air to pass through.
[0027]
The expansion ratio of the open-celled crosslinked foam (1) is preferably 10 to 100 times, more preferably 20 to 50 times, and preferably the same as the above-mentioned open-celled crosslinked foam (2).
[0028]
Further, when the average cell diameter of the open-celled crosslinked foam (1) is small, the bubbles are likely to be non-uniform, and when it is large, coarse cells are likely to be generated. In addition, since water absorption becomes nonuniform, 100 to 2500 μm is preferable, and 500 to 1500 μm is more preferable.
The average cell diameter referred to in the present invention is a value calculated by the following method.
First, the open-cell cross-linked foam (1) is sliced at approximately the center in the thickness direction, and the cross-sectional photograph is enlarged to a magnification of about 25 times. A straight line is drawn on the cross-sectional photograph, and the number N of bubbles applied in a certain length L (approximately 4 to 5 mm in actual size) on the straight line is counted to calculate L / N. When counting bubbles, regardless of whether the bubble walls communicate with each other, a portion surrounded by the bubble walls is defined as one bubble. L / N in an arbitrary portion of the cross-sectional photograph is calculated by the above method, and the maximum value obtained is taken as the average bubble diameter.
[0029]
From the above, the open cell polyolefin-based resin crosslinked foam (1) preferably has an air permeability of 1 second or less, an expansion ratio of 10 to 100 times, and an average cell diameter of 100 to 2500 μm. Is more preferably 40 to 70%.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0031]
Example 1
Azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide were added to low density polyethylene, kneaded, then filled into a press die and molded into a predetermined shape. Thereafter, the mixture is heated and cross-linked to obtain a cross-linked foam. After the skin layer of the cross-linked foam is sliced and removed, it is compressed by passing several times between the two rolls to connect the air bubbles. Cross-linked foam (2) was obtained. The open cell crosslinked foam (2) had an open cell ratio of 100%, an expansion ratio of 30.6 times, a crosslinking degree of 60% and an air permeability of 8.9 seconds.
[0032]
After filling the above open-celled crosslinked foam (2) into a 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep container, the container is sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the open cell crosslinked foam is obtained. A vacuum was applied to the inside of the bubbles in the body (2). Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas and hydrogen gas were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2 was injected by a pump so that the partial pressure became 0.08 MPa (total pressure 0.08 MPa), and left for 3 minutes. Next, after sparking using a spark switch in the container and igniting, the mixed gas was combusted and then replaced with air to obtain an open-celled crosslinked foam (1) of the present invention.
The obtained open-celled crosslinked foam (1) had an expansion ratio of 29.2 times, an air permeability of 0.1 second, and an average cell diameter of 700 μm.
[0033]
(Example 2)
After adding azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide to an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 15% by weight and kneading, an open-celled crosslinked foam (2) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Obtained. The open cell crosslinked foam (2) had an open cell ratio of 90%, an expansion ratio of 40.9 times, a crosslinking degree of 55% and an air permeability of 25.2 seconds.
[0034]
After filling the above open-celled crosslinked foam (2) into a 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep container, the container is sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the open cell crosslinked foam is obtained. A vacuum was applied to the inside of the bubbles in the body (2). Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas, hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2: 3 is pumped so that the partial pressure of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is 0.12 MPa (total pressure 0.23 MPa). And injected for 3 minutes. Next, after sparking using a spark switch in the container and igniting, the mixed gas was combusted and then replaced with air to obtain an open-celled crosslinked foam (1) of the present invention.
The obtained open-cell cross-linked foam (1) had an expansion ratio of 39.1 times, an air permeability of 0.5 seconds, and an average cell diameter of 1000 μm.
[0035]
(Example 3)
An open-celled crosslinked foam (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide were changed. The open cell crosslinked foam (2) had an open cell ratio of 100%, an expansion ratio of 85.4 times, a crosslinking degree of 65%, and an air permeability of 2.2 seconds.
[0036]
After filling the above open-celled crosslinked foam (2) into a 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep container, the container is sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the open cell crosslinked foam is obtained. A vacuum was applied to the inside of the bubbles in the body (2). Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas, hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2: 7 is set so that the partial pressure of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is 0.05 MPa (total pressure 0.17 MPa). Pumped and left for 3 minutes. Next, after sparking using a spark switch in the container and igniting, the mixed gas was combusted and then replaced with air to obtain an open-celled crosslinked foam (1) of the present invention.
The obtained open cell crosslinked foamed product (1) had an expansion ratio of 70.6 times, an air permeability of 0.12 seconds, and an average cell diameter of 1900 μm.
[0037]
(Comparative Example 1)
Using the same open-celled crosslinked foam (2) as in Example 1, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) was filled in a container 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep and sealed. The inside was sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the inside of the open-celled crosslinked foamed body (2) was evacuated. Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas, hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 6: 1 is pumped so that the partial pressure of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas becomes 0.41 MPa (total pressure 0.45 MPa). And injected for 3 minutes. Next, sparks were ignited using the spark switch in the container, and the mixed gas was combusted. As a result, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) sag, and the open-celled crosslinked foam (1) It was not obtained.
[0038]
(Comparative Example 2)
Using the same open-celled crosslinked foam (2) as in Example 1, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) was filled in a container 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep and sealed. The inside was sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the inside of the open-celled crosslinked foamed body (2) was evacuated. Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas, methane gas and nitrogen gas are mixed at a volume ratio of 6: 3: 1 is injected by a pump so that the partial pressure of oxygen gas and methane gas is 0.03 MPa (total pressure 0.033 MPa). And left for 3 minutes. Next, sparks were ignited by using a spark switch in the container, and the mixed gas was combusted. However, the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) hardly changed.
[0039]
(Comparative Example 3)
Azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide were added to low density polyethylene, kneaded, then filled into a press die and molded into a predetermined shape. Thereafter, the mixture is heated and cross-linked to obtain a cross-linked foam. After the skin layer of the cross-linked foam is sliced and removed, it is compressed by passing several times between the two rolls to connect the air bubbles. Cross-linked foam (2) was obtained. The open cell crosslinked foam (2) had an open cell ratio of 62%, an expansion ratio of 29.6 times, a crosslinking degree of 70% and an air permeability of 7.3 seconds.
[0040]
After filling the above open-celled crosslinked foam (2) into a 50 cm long x 50 cm wide x 50 cm deep container, the container is sufficiently deaerated using a vacuum pump, and the open cell crosslinked foam is obtained. A vacuum was applied to the inside of the bubbles in the body (2). Thereafter, a mixed gas in which oxygen gas, hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2: 3 is pumped so that the partial pressure of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is 0.10 MPa (total pressure 0.20 MPa). And injected for 3 minutes. Next, after sparking using a spark switch in the container and igniting, the mixed gas was combusted and then replaced with air to obtain an open-celled crosslinked foam (1) of the present invention.
The obtained open-celled crosslinked foamed product (1) had non-uniform bubbles, an expansion ratio of 29.2 times, an air permeability of 4.6 seconds, and an average cell diameter of 900 μm.
[0041]
Evaluation as a carrier for propagating microorganisms Using the open-celled crosslinked foam (2) and the open-celled crosslinked foam (1) of Example 1, the carrier for propagating microorganisms as follows. As an evaluation.
In a water amount of 5000 cm 3 , a water temperature of 20 ° C., and an aeration amount of 8000 cm 3 / min, 160 g of standard garbage and the following foam were introduced and continuously stirred at a rotation speed of 200 rpm. 160 g of standard garbage was newly added every 7 days, and the amount of suspended matter (with a diameter of 1 μm or more) (mg / cm 3 ) was measured over 21 days. The results are shown in Table 1.
Evaluation 1: A cubic sample about 1 cm square was collected from the open-celled crosslinked foam (1), and about 1000 cm 3 of the sample was used.
Evaluation 2: A cubic sample about 1 cm square was taken from the open-celled crosslinked foam (2), and about 1000 cm 3 of the sample was used.
Evaluation 3: No foam was used.
[0042]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003609673
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
Since the production method of the present invention is as described above, it is possible to easily obtain an open cell polyolefin-based resin crosslinked foam having not only high open cell ratio but also excellent air permeability and water absorption. Moreover, the open-cell polyolefin resin-crosslinked foam obtained by this method can be suitably used as a support for breathing and water absorption, particularly as a support for microbial propagation.

Claims (1)

連続気泡率が70%以上、かつ、発泡倍率が10〜100倍である連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体を密閉容器に充填した後、密閉容器内を脱気し、連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体の気泡内を真空にする第1工程、前記密閉容器内に酸素ガス及び可燃ガスを、その分圧が0.05〜0.3MPaになるように注入する第2工程並びに前記酸素ガス及び可燃ガスに点火し、連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体の通気度を密閉容器充填前の1/10以下にする第3工程とからなることを特徴とする、連続気泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂架橋発泡体の製造方法。After filling the closed container with an open cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam having an open cell ratio of 70% or more and an expansion ratio of 10 to 100 times, the inside of the closed container is evacuated, and the open cell polyolefin resin A first step of evacuating the air bubbles in the cross-linked foam, a second step of injecting oxygen gas and combustible gas into the sealed container so that the partial pressure thereof is 0.05 to 0.3 MPa, and the oxygen gas. And a third step of igniting the combustible gas and setting the air permeability of the open-cell polyolefin-based resin cross-linked foam to 1/10 or less of that before filling the closed container. A method for producing a foam.
JP35908899A 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Method for producing open-cell polyolefin resin cross-linked foam Expired - Fee Related JP3609673B2 (en)

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