JP3700130B2 - Method for producing livestock feed - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for effectively using raw soy sauce cake, which is mostly treated as industrial waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the process of producing soy sauce, which is a typical seasoning in Japan, a large amount of raw soy sauce koji, which is a squeezed koji of aging moromi, is generated. Such raw soy sauce cake has soybean as a main component, and has a secondary utility value in terms of remaining nutritional components. However, raw soy sauce cake has a unique odor and has the disadvantage of containing a considerable amount of salt, so there is almost no actual demand at present, many of which are after incineration or incineration It is often landfilled without being done.
[0003]
By the way, during the incineration process, the salt contained in the raw soy sauce cake causes the deterioration of the incinerator to be accelerated. In addition, today, where reduction of CO ₂ is strongly demanded, burning raw soy sauce cake for waste disposal also lacks consideration for environmental problems. In addition, the salt damage given to the surroundings after landfill is not environmentally preferable.
[0004]
Therefore, rather than simply disposing the raw soy sauce cake, in order to effectively use the remaining nutrients of the raw soy sauce cake, evaporating the moisture contained in the raw soy sauce cake suppresses the specific odor, and then for livestock. There is also an example of using it as feed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Well, the water content of raw soy sauce cake generated in the soy sauce production process is generally about 30%, but in order to suppress the odor to the extent that it can be used as feed, the dryness of normal feed (13- It is necessary to dry it until it becomes a state below 15%) (8% or less). As a result, a large amount of fossil fuel is eventually used, and an increase in fuel cost and an increase in CO ₂ emissions cannot be avoided. Moreover, since the dried raw soy sauce has a high hygroscopic property, depending on the management method, it immediately gets wet and generates odor again. Therefore, the dried raw soy sauce cake has an excessively low water content and is extremely low in palatability for livestock, and is not an attractive feed for livestock producers who want efficient livestock growth.
[0006]
For the reasons as described above, at present, there are few merits of using raw soy sauce cake as feed for livestock, and it has not yet been fully utilized effectively. This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, The place made into the objective is to utilize effectively the raw soy sauce cake which has been processed most as industrial waste conventionally as a compound feed with high commercial value The goal is to reduce livestock costs, promote environmental measures in Japan, and improve the food self-sufficiency rate.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing livestock feed according to claim 1 of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is characterized in that raw soy sauce cake is crushed into a predetermined size, and the crushed raw soy sauce cake is at least one of liquid and powdery forms. Binder is mixed, and the raw soy sauce cake is injected into a normal temperature and atmospheric pressure atmosphere from a nozzle under high pressure and high temperature, foamed and solidified to form a pellet, the pellet is dried, and the surface of the dried pellet is , Dextrin, dextrose, corn starch, potato protein, skim milk powder, whey or casein powder powder is covered with a liquid food material, and the liquid food material is dried by the latent heat of the pellets to form a coating layer. Is included.
[0008]
In this invention, the moldability at the time of making a pellet is improved by grind | pulverizing the raw soy sauce cake normally handled in the state of a plate-shaped lump to a required magnitude | size. Subsequently, a binder is mixed into the crushed raw soy sauce cake to facilitate solidification. Then, the raw soy sauce cake is injected into a normal temperature and atmospheric pressure atmosphere from a nozzle under high pressure and high temperature, and foamed, solidified, and formed into pellets. Have the necessary fluidity. Further, after drying the pellet, the surface of the dried pellet is covered with a liquid food material obtained by dissolving dextrin, glucose, corn starch, potato protein, skim milk powder, whey or casein powder in a liquid, and the liquid food material Is dried by the latent heat applied to the pellets in the injection molding step to form a coating layer, so that the food material layer contains the odor peculiar to raw soy sauce cake and enhances the taste of livestock.
[0009]
A method for producing livestock feed according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that in the method for producing livestock feed according to claim 1, the liquid food material has viscosity.
In this invention, it becomes easy to adhere a liquid food material uniformly and reliably to the whole surface of the pellet after making it dry by using what has a viscosity in the said liquid food material. On the other hand, the viscosity of the liquid food material reduces the handling of the pellets. However, since the viscous liquid food material is formed into a film in the drying process after adhesion of the pellets, adhesion to the pellets and other parts can be prevented, and handleability can be ensured.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a transparent three-dimensional view partially showing a structural feature of a livestock feed 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This livestock feed 1 is composed of a core part 2 obtained by solidifying raw soy sauce cake in a pellet form and a food material layer 3 covering the surface of the core part 2. In addition, the ratio of the thickness of the food material layer 3 with respect to the core part 2 is illustrated so as to be larger than the actual one for convenience of explanation. In the illustrated example, the livestock feed 1 has a cylindrical shape, but is not limited to this shape, and is not limited to a spherical shape, eyebrows shape, donut shape, polygonal prism shape, polygonal pyramid shape, macaroni shape, string. Various shapes such as shapes can be used.
[0012]
The core part 2 is obtained by pulverizing raw soy sauce cake, which is usually handled in the form of a plate-like lump, to a required size, mixing it with a binder, and molding and solidifying it into a pellet form. As the binder used here, for example, a material containing a starchy material, a gum material, a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, a resin, a dairy product, or the like that promotes solidification by a coagulation action is used. Specific examples include corn, wheat, powder, rye, barley, rice, corn starch, lupine, cassava, potato protein, bread crumbs, confectionery, dextrin, konjac powder, gum arabic, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, pectin, agar , Glucose, skim milk powder, lactose, casein, caseinate, whey, concentrated whey protein, or a mixture of two or more of these to form powder or liquid. Further, as another example of the binder, a binder that contains abundant plant fibers and acts as a so-called bond and promotes solidification of raw soy sauce cake is used. Specific examples thereof include bran, corn gluten feed, beer lees, whiskey lees, shochu, pineapple lees, any one kind, or a mixture of plural kinds. Moreover, the mixed use with the binder which exhibits the said coagulation | solidification effect | action is also mentioned.
[0013]
The food material layer 3 has high palatability for livestock and preferably forms a film with high density. Specific examples include stock solutions of vegetable oils and fats, liquid sugars, and the like, or diluted ones thereof. Can be mentioned. In addition, powders such as dextrin, glucose, corn starch, potato protein, skim milk powder, whey, and casein are dissolved in a liquid and used. As described above, by using a food material that is liquid and preferably viscous, the surface of the core 2 can be covered evenly, and then a drying process can be performed to form a high-density coating.
In addition to the above, it is a powdered food material that can be melted by the latent heat applied to the pellets during the injection molding of the core 2 in the manufacturing process described later, and cover the surface of the core 2 If it is, it can replace with a liquid food material and can form the food material layer 3 with a powdery food material.
[0014]
In addition, since the core part 2 uses raw soy sauce lees as a main raw material, the remaining nutritional components and salt content are suitable for feeding livestock, but when the nutritional components need to be further improved, , Soy, soybean oil cake, rapeseed oil cake, sesame oil cake, sesame oil cake, etc. .
[0015]
Here, with reference to FIG. 2, a procedure for producing livestock feed 1 using raw soy sauce cake as a main raw material will be described. FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a main part of a livestock feed production plant. Hereinafter, each component of the manufacturing plant 10 will be described together with the description of the manufacturing process.
[0016]
First, the raw soy sauce cake generated in the soy sauce production process is generally handled as a plate-shaped lump, and is pulverized to a required size by a pulverizer 27. Here, considering that the raw soy sauce cake is formed into a pellet later, it is preferable to grind to a size that can improve the formability. In the embodiment of the present invention, pulverization is performed so that the diameter is 5 mm or less. In addition, the moisture content of the raw soy sauce cake at this time is about 30%.
[0017]
The raw soy sauce cake crushed by the crusher 27 is put into the soy sauce cake tank 11. Further, the powdery binder is put into the powdery binder tank 12 and the liquid binder is put into the liquid binder tank 21. When the binder to be charged into the liquid binder tank 21 is handled in a liquid state, the binder is diluted as it is or with water or the like and is charged into the liquid binder tank 21. On the other hand, when the binder to be charged into the liquid binder tank 21 is normally handled as powder, the powdered binder is charged into the liquid binder tank 21 and the powdered binder is dissolved in water or the like inside the binder. Use it.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the binder is used in the form of powder or as an aqueous solution by mixing one kind or a plurality of kinds from the above-mentioned corn, wheat, powder and the like. Furthermore, soybean, soybean oil lees, rapeseed oil lees, sesame oil lees, sesame oil lees, etc. are mixed as appropriate to increase the protein content. When used in a powder state, the binder is pulverized to a diameter of 1 mm or less, and the water content is 10 to 15%.
[0018]
Next, the raw soy sauce cake in the soy sauce cake tank 11 and the powdered binder in the powder binder tank 12 are mixed at a predetermined ratio, temporarily stored in the mixed raw material tank 13, and then to the granulator 14 described later. throw into. The mixing ratio is appropriately selected taking 50 to 95% of raw soy sauce cake and 50 to 5% of powdered binder, taking into consideration the type of binder, temperature and humidity during production, and the like. In the embodiment of the present invention, the material cost and the quality after molding are balanced as a mixing ratio of 80% raw soy sauce cake and 20% powdery binder.
Thereafter, if necessary, the liquid binder in the liquid binder tank 21 is further mixed in a predetermined ratio with the raw soy sauce cake mixed with the powdery binder. The mixing ratio in this step is 30 to 0.01% of a liquid binder with respect to 70 to 99.9% of raw soy sauce cake, and is appropriately selected in consideration of the type of binder and the like. In the embodiment of the present invention, the balance between the material cost and the quality after molding is taken as a mixing ratio of 90% raw soy sauce cake and 10% liquid binder.
In addition, it is also possible to use only a liquid binder without using a powdery binder, and these binders should be selected in consideration of the temperature at the time of manufacture, humidity, the state of raw soy sauce cake, etc. We will use it.
[0019]
Next, a raw soy sauce cake (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “raw soy sauce cake”) mixed with a powdery, powdered, or liquid binder is formed into a pellet shape by a granulator 14 and hardened. The granulator 14 has a structure similar to that of a so-called injection molding machine, and foams and solidifies the raw soy sauce cake by injecting the raw soy sauce cake from the nozzle to a room temperature and atmospheric pressure atmosphere under high pressure and high temperature. It is. The degree of foaming of the pellet can be freely adjusted by changing the pressure difference before and after injection. In addition, by supplying steam from the boiler 20 to the granulator 14 and adding it to the raw soy sauce cake, the starch components in the pellets are made alpha (gelatinization) and the sugar and protein are made viscous. Gum-like gelation is performed to promote the function as a binder. At this time, the pellets that do not satisfy the predetermined quality are separated into the collection container 28.
[0020]
In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature and pressure of the raw soy sauce cake in the granulator 14 are 98 ° C. and about 30 to 40 kg / cm ² , and the pressure of the steam supplied is 0.5 to 3 kg / cm. ² . The nozzle diameter of the granulator 14 is preferably 3 to 8 mm, and the pellet temperature immediately after injection is preferably 90 to 95 ° C. By making the pellet temperature within this range, the hardness and durability of the pellet can be increased, and the pellet shape (length, surface roughness, etc.) can be controlled with high precision, and combined with high sterilization A fine effect can be obtained.
[0021]
Pellets determined to be non-defective by sorting are dried with a dryer (drum type) 15 until a predetermined moisture content is obtained. In the embodiment of the present invention, in the drying step, the pellets are dried until the moisture content is 15% or less. By controlling the moisture content of the pellets to 15% or less, preventing powdering in the mixed feed, preventing the transfer of moisture to other mixed feeds when mixed with other mixed feeds, There is an advantage of reduction.
[0022]
By the way, the steam of the boiler 20 is also supplied to the liquid binder tank 21 to control the temperature of the solution, and when the liquid binder in the liquid binder tank 21 is obtained by dissolving powder in water or the like, The dissolution of the binder is promoted. The heat retention temperature in the liquid binder tank 21 is appropriately set in consideration of the type of binder, temperature, humidity, and the like, and is managed at 30 to 80 ° C. in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0023]
In addition, when the food material forming the food material layer 3 (FIG. 1) is normally handled in liquid form, the stock solution is put into the liquid food material tank 23, or inside it with water or the like as appropriate. Dilute. This dilution rate varies depending on the type of binder. In the embodiment of the present invention, it is 0.5 to 50 times. In addition, in the case where dextrin, glucose, corn starch or the like is usually handled as powder, it is dissolved in the liquid food material tank 23 with water or the like. This concentration setting is changed depending on the type of the binder, and is 0.1 to 80% in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0024]
The pellets that have passed through the dryer 15 are added with the liquid food material in the liquid food material tank 23 immediately after being discharged from the dryer 15. This addition is performed by making the liquid food material into a fine mist using a high-pressure pump and a droplet refinement nozzle. The liquid food material that has been made into a fine mist almost uniformly covers the surface of the pellet, and then is instantly dried by the latent heat applied to the pellet in the injection molding process to form a strong film, that is, the food material layer 3 (FIG. 1). ). In particular, when using a viscous liquid food material, it is possible to prevent adhesion to the pellets or other parts by forming a film in such a drying process so that the handleability of the pellet does not deteriorate due to its viscosity. , Handling can be ensured. This film has an action of suppressing moisture absorption in addition to the action of containing the odor peculiar to soy sauce cake, which leads to improvement of quality maintenance.
[0025]
The pellets through which the liquid food material has been added are sent to the inclined surface 16 by a conveyor or the like, and fall on the inclined surface 16. The bottom surface of the inclined surface 16 has a net-like shape. Fine soy sauce cake and food materials (hereinafter also referred to simply as “fine powder”) that are generated when pellets are transported or dropped are screened from the bottom mesh and collected. It can be collected in the container 25.
[0026]
On the other hand, the pellets powdered on the inclined surface 16 are cooled by the cooling device 17, and latent heat is removed. In the cooling device 17, by cooling the pellet to about the atmospheric temperature, it is possible to prevent the pellet from causing dew condensation or moisture absorption due to the temperature difference between the latent heat and the atmosphere. Moreover, the surface of a pellet becomes smooth by cooling and can improve the fluidity | liquidity at the time of handling of the said mixing feed, such as conveyance and feeding. The cooling device 17 introduces outside air to forcibly cool the pellets, and separates the fine powder from the warm air containing the fine powder discharged therefrom by the dust collecting and dust separating device 24, It can be recovered into the recovery container 25.
[0027]
Then, the pellets that have passed through the cooling device 17 are packaged in the packaging container 19 through the temporary storage tank 18. As a specific packaging container, a container bag of 500 kg or a paper bag of 20 kg is used in order to enhance the transportability by the product transporting vehicle 26 such as a forklift.
[0028]
The effects obtained by the embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration are as follows. A livestock feed 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a core 2 in which raw soy sauce cake is hardened in a pellet form, and a food material layer 3 covering the core. And when shaping livestock feed 1, the raw soy sauce cake that is usually handled in the form of a plate-like lump is crushed to the required size to form the pellet-shaped core 2, so the necessary shape It is possible to improve the formability for obtaining the above.
[0029]
In addition, a binder is mixed into the pulverized raw soy sauce cake to facilitate solidification, and then foamed and solidified using a granulator 14 to form the core 2. Thus, by solidifying the fine pieces of raw soy sauce cake into pellets, good fluidity can be imparted during handling of the blended feed such as transportation and feeding.
[0030]
Next, the core part 2 is dried with a dryer 15 until the water content becomes 15% or less. This water content has a dryness (8% or less) that can suppress the odor of the raw soy sauce cake. Therefore, the fuel cost and CO ₂ emissions required for drying should be reduced compared to the conventional case where raw soy sauce cake is simply dried and used as livestock feed. Can do.
[0031]
Moreover, since the moisture content of the core part 2 is 15% or less, the core part 2 alone cannot suppress the odor peculiar to the raw soy sauce cake, but the core part 2 is covered with the food material layer 3 to prevent the odor. The palatability and the high palatability of the food material itself are taken into account, and the palatability of the livestock feed 1 can be increased. Note that the food material layer 3 may not have high palatability as long as it can contain odor.
[0032]
Moreover, when forming the food material layer 3, the core part 2 is covered with a liquid food material, and a high-density film is formed by a drying process, so that the odor peculiar to the raw soy sauce that the core part 2 has is ensured. Containment and palatability of livestock feed 1 can be enhanced. Furthermore, when the food material layer 3 is formed, by using the viscous liquid food material, it becomes easy to uniformly and surely adhere the liquid food material to the entire surface of the pellet after drying, and the odor The sealing effect is assured.
[0033]
Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to effectively use the raw soy sauce cake, which has been treated mostly as industrial waste, as a blended feed having a high commercial value.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention was comprised in this way, it becomes possible to utilize effectively the raw soy sauce cake conventionally processed mostly as industrial waste as a compound feed with high commercial value. In addition, the amount of fossil fuel required in the manufacturing process can be reduced and CO ₂ emissions can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce livestock costs, promote environmental measures in Japan, and improve the food self-sufficiency rate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view partially showing a structural feature of a livestock feed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of a production plant for producing livestock feed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Livestock feed 2 Core 3 Food material layer
10 Production plant
11 Soy Sauce Tank
12 Powder binder tank
13 Mixed raw material tank
14 Granulator
15 Dryer
16 Inclined surface
17 Cooling machine
18 Temporary product storage tank
19 Product packaging materials
20 Steam generator
21 Liquid binder tank
23 Liquid food material tank
24 Dust collector and dust separator
25 Collection container
26 Product transport vehicles
27 Raw soy sauce crusher

Claims (2)

The raw soy sauce cake is crushed into a predetermined size, and the crushed raw soy sauce cake is mixed with at least one of a liquid and a powdered binder, and the raw soy sauce cake is fed from a nozzle at room temperature and atmospheric pressure at high pressure and high temperature. Injected into foam, solidified and formed into pellets, dried the pellets, the surface of the dried pellets dissolved in dextrin, glucose, corn starch, potato protein, skim milk powder, whey or casein powder A method for producing livestock feed comprising the steps of: covering with a liquid food material, and drying the liquid food material by latent heat of the pellets to form a coating layer.   The method for producing livestock feed according to claim 1, wherein the liquid food material has viscosity.

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