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JP3713985B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus and process cartridge - Google Patents
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JP3713985B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus and process cartridge - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus and process cartridge Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3713985B2
JP3713985B2 JP32812098A JP32812098A JP3713985B2 JP 3713985 B2 JP3713985 B2 JP 3713985B2 JP 32812098 A JP32812098 A JP 32812098A JP 32812098 A JP32812098 A JP 32812098A JP 3713985 B2 JP3713985 B2 JP 3713985B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
image
substituted
photosensitive member
image forming
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JP32812098A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000147818A (en
Inventor
明彦 伊丹
武雄 大柴
洋子 北原
雅彦 倉地
克巳 松浦
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複写機やプリンタとして用いられる画像形成装置とその電子写真感光体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
カールソン法の電子写真複写機においては、感光体を一様に帯電させた後、露光によって画像様に電荷を消去して静電潜像を形成し、その静電潜像をトナーによって現像、可視化し、次いでそのトナーを紙等に転写、定着させる。
【0003】
上記のような状況で使用される電子写真感光体は、帯電特性および感度が良好で更に暗減衰が小さい等の電子写真特性はもちろん、加えて繰り返し使用での耐刷性、耐摩耗性、耐傷性等の物理的性質や、コロナ放電時に発生するオゾン、NOx、露光時の紫外線等への耐性においても良好であることが要求される。
【0004】
従来、電子写真感光体としては、セレン、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウム等の無機光導電性物質を感光層主成分とする無機感光体が広く用いられていた。しかし、これらの無機感光体は人体に有害であるために、その廃棄時に問題が生じている。
【0005】
近年、無公害である有機物を用いた有機感光体の開発が盛んであり実用化が進んでいる。中でも電荷発生機能と電荷輸送機能とを異なる物質に分担させ、希望する特性に照らして各機能を発揮する物質を広い範囲から選択できる機能分離型感光体の開発が盛んであり、感度、耐久性の高い有機感光体を実用化する動向にある。
【0006】
このような機能分担型の有機感光体は従来主として負帯電用として用いられ、特開昭60−247647号公報に記載されるように支持体上に薄い電荷発生層を設け、この上に比較的厚い電荷輸送層を設ける構成がとられている。
【0007】
このような感光体に使用されるバインダーとしては、帯電特性、感度、残留電位及び繰り返し特性等の面で、ビスフェノールA型やビスフェノールZ型のポリカーボネートが良好な特性を発揮することが良く知られている。
【0008】
一方、感光体上のトナーは全てが転写されることはなく、一部のトナーは感光体に残留し、この状態で繰り返し画像形成した場合、残留トナーの影響で潜像形成が乱されるため汚れのない高画質な複写を得ることができない。このため、残留トナーの除去が必要となる。クリーニング手段にはファーブラシ、磁気ブラシまたはブレード等が代表的であるが、性能、構成等の点からブレードが主に用いられている。このときのブレード部材としては、板状のゴム弾性体が一般的である。
【0009】
前記のようなポリカーボネートを表面層に用いた場合、磁気ブラシやクリーニングブレードで擦過され感光層表面に傷が付いたり、感光層が次第に摩耗するという欠点を有する。このような傷や摩耗を低減するためにクリーニング手段の擦過力を減らすことを行うと、シリカ等のトナー外添剤やタルク等の紙粉がブレードをすり抜けてしまういわゆるクリーニング不良が発生する。このようなクリーニング不良は通常の使用環境では画像上で問題とはなりにくいが、特に高温高湿下で文字流れや画像ボケなどの画像不良となり問題になっている。その一方で、感光層を強制的に削り、常に感光体の清浄な表面を露出させようとして、ブレードの当接荷重を上げるなどして減耗速度を上げたり、研磨剤を添加したウレタンローラーを感光体に接触させる等が採られている。しかし、このように減耗を多くした場合はクリーニング不良による画像不良は改善されるものの、減耗による感度及び帯電電位の低下が起こり、無機感光体に対し寿命を短くしてしまい高耐久化を阻害する主因となっている。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、トナー成分や紙粉等のフィルミングがなく、しかも耐摩耗性が高く、長期にわたり高画質で安定した画像が得られる電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置とプロセスカートリッジの提供にある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の上記目的は下記の構成によって達成される。
【0016】
導電性支持体上に少なくとも電荷発生層、電荷輸送層、保護層をこの順に有する電子写真感光体の保護層に少なくとも一般式(A2)、一般式(B2)及び一般式(C)の繰り返し単位を有する共重合ポリカーボネートをバインダーとして含有し、且つ厚さ1〜30mmの弾性ゴムブレードにてクリーニングする画像形成方法に用いられることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
【0017】
【化8】

Figure 0003713985
【0018】
(式中、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6は各々独立に、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、R7及びR8は各々独立に、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、且つR1とR2の対がR3とR4の対と異なり、Xは炭素数1〜6の置換若しくは無置換のアルキレン基を示し、nは1〜6の整数を示しa及びbは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、p及びqは自然数を示し、p+qは150未満である。)
【0019】
【化9】
Figure 0003713985
【0020】
(式中、R9及びR10は各々独立に、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、c及びdは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、Yは単結合である。)
【0021】
【化10】
Figure 0003713985
【0022】
(式中、R11及びR12は各々独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を示し、f及びgは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、Zは−C(R13)(R14)−であり、R13及びR14は各々独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、トリハロメチル基、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、又はR13とR14で形成される炭素数4〜12の環状炭化水素残基を表す。)
〕 〔1〕記載の電子写真感光体を用い帯電、像露光、現像、転写・分離、クリーニングを経て画像形成することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
【0023】
〕 〔1〕記載の電子写真感光体と、帯電器、現像器、クリーニング器あるいは転写器の少なくとも一つを含むプロセスカートリッジ。
【0024】
本発明で用いられる共重合ポリカーボネートバインダー樹脂の構造単位としては、例えば下記のものがある。
【0025】
【化11】
Figure 0003713985
【0026】
【化12】
Figure 0003713985
【0027】
【化13】
Figure 0003713985
【0028】
本発明のバインダー樹脂(共重合ポリカーボネート)の代表的な具体例として以下の()〜()がある。
【0029】
【化14】
Figure 0003713985
【0030】
【化15】
Figure 0003713985
【0031】
尚、本発明において保護層とは電荷発生層と電荷輸送層から成る感光層上に最表面として塗設されている層をいう。
【0032】
本発明の各構成を更に説明する。
【0033】
本発明に用いられる感光体の支持体の材質としては、特に限定されない。現在広く用いられているアルミニウム及びその合金等を用いることが出来る。
【0034】
この上に通常は、中間層(下引き層ともいう)を設けるのが普通である。これには代表的なものとしてシランカップリング剤や有機キレート化合物等よりなるセラミック系のもの、ポリアミド系樹脂等からなる樹脂系のものがある。
【0035】
下引き層の上には感光層が設けられる。感光層は、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを持つ、いわゆる機能分離型の積層構造を有するものである。
【0036】
電荷発生層(CGL)は、電荷発生物質(CGM)を必要に応じてバインダー樹脂中に分散させて形成されることが多い。CGMとしては、特に限定は無いがアゾ顔料、アントラキノン等の多環キノン顔料、キノンイミン顔料、アゾメチン顔料、シアニン顔料、ベンゾキノン顔料、ペリレン顔料、金属又は無金属フタロシアニン顔料等を用いることが出来る。また、これらは必要に応じて二種以上混合して用いてもよい。
【0037】
電荷発生層に使用可能なバインダー樹脂としては、例えばポリスチレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、メラミン樹脂、並びにこれら樹脂の繰り返し単位のうち二つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂、例えば塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂、また高分子有機半導体、例えばポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるわけではない。
【0038】
電荷輸送層(CTL)は、電荷輸送物質(CTM)を単独で、或いはバインダー樹脂とともに構成される。CTMとしては、例えばカルバゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、イミダゾロン誘導体、イミダゾリジン誘導体、ビスイミダゾリジン誘導体、スチリル化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物、ピラゾリン誘導体、オキサゾロン誘導体、ベンズイミダゾール誘導体、キナゾリン誘導体、ベンゾフラン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体、フェナジン誘導体、アミノスチルベン誘導体、トリアリールアミン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、ベンジジン誘導体、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリ−1−ビニルピレン、ポリ−9−ビニルアントラセン等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるわけではない。またこれらは単独でも、二種以上の混合で用いてもよい。
【0039】
また、電荷輸送層に使用可能なバインダー樹脂としては、例えばポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアクリレート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、スチレン−アクリルニトリル共重合体樹脂、ポリメタクリル酸エステル樹脂、スチレン−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体樹脂等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
【0040】
次に、これに限定されるものではないが、図1に本発明の電子写真画像形成装置の一例を示す構成断面図の例を挙げ、本発明の画像形成装置の説明をする。
【0041】
図1において、図示しない原稿読み取り装置にて読み取った情報に基づき、半導体レーザ光源1から露光光が発せられる。これをポリゴンミラー2により、図1の紙面と垂直方向に振り分け、画像の歪みを補正するfθレンズを介して、感光体面上に照射され静電潜像を作る。感光体は、あらかじめ帯電器5により一様帯電され、像露光のタイミングにあわせて時計方向に回転を開始している。
【0042】
感光体面上の静電潜像は、現像器6により現像され、形成された現像像はタイミングを合わせて搬送されてきた転写体8に転写器7の作用により転写される。さらに感光体4と転写体8は分離器(分離極)9により分離されるが、現像像は転写体8に転写担持されて、定着器10へと導かれ定着される。
【0043】
感光体面に残留した未転写のトナー等は、クリーニングブレード方式のクリーニング器11にて清掃され、転写前露光(PCL)12にて残留電荷を除き、次の画像形成のため再び帯電器5により、一様帯電される。
【0044】
尚、転写体は代表的には普通紙であるが、現像後の未定着像を転写可能なものなら、特に限定されず、OHP用のPETベース等も無論含まれる。
【0045】
又、クリーニングブレード13は、厚さ1〜30mm程度のゴム状弾性体を用い、材質としてはウレタンゴムが最も良く用いられる。これは感光体に圧接して用いられるため熱を伝え易く、本発明においては解除機構を設け、画像形成動作を行っていない時には感光体から離しておくのが望ましいことがわかった。
【0046】
本発明は、電子写真法による画像形成装置、特にコンピュータ等からのディジタル画像データで変調した変調ビームにより感光体上に静電潜像を形成する装置に関するものである。
【0047】
近年、感光体上に静電潜像を形成し、この潜像を現像して可視画像を得る電子写真等の分野において、画質の改善、変換、編集等が容易で高品質の画像形成が可能なディジタル方式を採用した画像形成方法の研究開発が盛んになされている。
【0048】
この画像形成方法及び装置に採用されるコンピュータまたは複写原稿からのディジタル画像信号により光変調する走査光学系として、▲1▼レーザ光学系に音響光学変調器を介在させ、当該音響光学変調器により光変調する装置、▲2▼半導体レーザを用い、レーザ強度を直接変調する装置があり、これらの走査光学系から一様に帯電した感光体上にスポット露光してドット状の画像を形成する。
【0049】
前述の走査光学系から照射されるビームは、裾が左右に広がった正規分布状に近似した丸状や楕円状の輝度分布となり、例えばレーザビームの場合、通常、感光体上で主走査方向あるいは副走査方向の一方あるいは両者が20〜100μmという極めて狭い丸状あるいは楕円状である。
【0050】
又、上記画像形成装置は、感光体4と、帯電器5、現像器6、クリーニング器11あるいは転写器7等の少なくとも一つを含むプロセスカートリッジを搭載する形態にすることもできる。
【0051】
本発明の画像形成装置に搭載するためのプロセスカートリッジの例を、図2に断面図、図3に斜視図として示した。このプロセスカートリッジ20は、画像形成装置の側面、即ち転写体の搬送される方向と直角方向からガイドレール等により装置内に装填される。
【0052】
図2から明らかなごとく、本例ではプロセスカートリッジ20内に、感光体4を中心に帯電器5、現像器6、クリーニング器11、PCL12が収納され一つのユニットとしてプロセスカートリッジを形成している。このようなプロセスカートリッジの形態をとることにより、本発明の効果をよりよく発揮させることができるので、好ましい実施態様といえる。
【0053】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。
【0054】
参考例1
直径80mmのドラム状アルミニウム製導電性支持体(アルミニウムシリンダ)上に下記の下引き層塗布液を調製し、乾燥膜厚0.3μmとなるように塗布した。
【0055】
1.下引き層塗布液
ポリアミド樹脂(CM−8000 東レ社製) 15g
2−プロパノール 150ml
メタノール 850ml
この下引き層上に、下記電荷発生層塗布液を分散調液し、膜厚0.5μmとなるよう塗布した。
【0056】
2.電荷発生層塗布液
電荷発生物質(G−1) 10g
シリコーン樹脂(KR−5240 信越化学工業社製) 10g
酢酸t−ブチル 1000ml
上記塗布液をサンドミルを用いて20時間分散したもの。
【0057】
【化16】
Figure 0003713985
【0058】
この電荷発生層上に下記の電荷輸送層塗布液を調製し、乾燥膜厚20μmになるように塗布した。
【0059】
3.電荷輸送層塗布液
電荷輸送物質(T−1) 420g
ポリカーボネート(Z300 三菱ガス化学社製) 560g
1,2−ジクロロエタン 2800ml
この電荷輸送層上に下記の保護層塗布液を調製し、乾燥膜厚8μmになるように塗布した後、110℃、1時間乾燥して感光体を得た。
【0060】
【化17】
Figure 0003713985
【0061】
4.保護層塗布液
電荷輸送物質(T−1) 84g
例示バインダー樹脂(1)(Mv=80,000) 140g
1,2−ジクロロエタン 2800ml
参考例2、3及び6並びに実施例4、5
参考例1において保護層の例示バインダー樹脂(1)の代わりに例示バインダー樹脂(2)〜(6)に代えた他は参考例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。
【0062】
参考例7
参考例1において例示バインダー樹脂(1)をMvを80,000のものから30,000のものに変えた以外は同様にして感光体を作製した。
【0063】
比較例1
参考例1において保護層の例示バインダー樹脂(1)の代わりに下記構造の樹脂に変えた他は実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。
【0064】
【化18】
Figure 0003713985
【0065】
比較例2
参考例1において保護層の例示バインダー樹脂(1)の代わりに下記の樹脂に変えた他は参考例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。
【0066】
【化19】
Figure 0003713985
【0067】
特性評価
このようにして得た感光体をコニカ社製デジタル複写機Konica 7050に装着して以下のような感光体特性評価を行った。
【0068】
まず上記複写機に表面電位計を備え付けて、電位特性として未露光電位及び露光後の電位(それぞれVH、VL)を測定できるように改造し、VHが−750(V)、VLが−100(V)になるように帯電電流と露光量を調整した。またクリーニング器にはゴム硬度JIS A 65°、反発弾性40%、厚さ2mm、自由長9mmの弾性ゴムブレードを当接角20°で感光体の回転に対してカウンター方向に押圧力18g/cmで当接した。
【0069】
次に上記条件で10,000コピーの実写試験を行い10,000コピ−後の電位変動と膜厚減耗を測定した後、画像の黒化率を下げた強制モ−ドでの10,000コピーの強制試験を行い、紙粉やトナーフィルミングのレベルの比較を行った。フィルミングの評価は10,000コピー強制試験終了後の感光体ドラム面とハーフトーン画像を目視で評価した。
【0070】
◎:ドラム面でのフィルミングなし、
○:フィルミングによる画像欠陥なし、
△:軽微なスジ故障発生、
×:黒スジ発生。
【0071】
評価結果を表1に示した。
【0072】
【表1】
Figure 0003713985
【0073】
表1から明らかな如く、従来公知のバインダー樹脂に比し、本発明の樹脂を用いれば、電位特性、膜厚減耗、フィルミングによる画像欠陥も起こらないことがわかる。
【0074】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、トナー成分や紙粉等のフィルミングがなく、しかも耐摩耗性が高く、長期にわたり高画質で安定した画像が得られる電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置とプロセスカートリッジを提供することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の電子写真画像形成装置の一例を示す構成断面図。
【図2】本発明の画像形成装置に搭載するためのプロセスカートリッジの断面図。
【図3】本発明の画像形成装置に搭載するためのプロセスカートリッジの斜視図。
【符号の説明】
1 半導体レーザ光源
2 ポリゴンミラー
4 感光体
5 帯電器
6 現像器
7 転写器
8 転写体
9 分離極
10 定着器
11 クリーニング器
12 転写前露光(PCL)
13 クリーニングブレード
20 プロセスカートリッジ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus used as a copying machine or a printer, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an electrophotographic copying machine of the Carlson method, after the photoreceptor is uniformly charged, the charge is erased like an image by exposure to form an electrostatic latent image, and the electrostatic latent image is developed and visualized with toner. Then, the toner is transferred and fixed on paper or the like.
[0003]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the above situation has not only the electrophotographic characteristics such as good charging characteristics and sensitivity and further low dark decay, but also printing durability, abrasion resistance and scratch resistance in repeated use. It is also required to be good in physical properties such as property, and resistance to ozone, NOx generated during corona discharge, ultraviolet rays during exposure, and the like.
[0004]
Conventionally, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an inorganic photoreceptor having an inorganic photoconductive material such as selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide or the like as a main component of a photosensitive layer has been widely used. However, since these inorganic photoreceptors are harmful to the human body, there are problems when they are discarded.
[0005]
In recent years, organic photoreceptors using non-polluting organic materials have been actively developed and put into practical use. In particular, the development of function-separated photoconductors that can share a charge generation function and a charge transport function to different substances and select a wide range of substances that perform each function in light of the desired properties has been actively pursued. The trend is to put organic photoconductors that are high in size into practical use.
[0006]
Such a function-sharing type organic photoreceptor is conventionally used mainly for negative charging. As described in JP-A-60-247647, a thin charge generation layer is provided on a support, on which a relatively thin charge generation layer is provided. A structure is provided in which a thick charge transport layer is provided.
[0007]
As a binder used for such a photoreceptor, it is well known that bisphenol A type and bisphenol Z type polycarbonates exhibit good characteristics in terms of charging characteristics, sensitivity, residual potential, and repetitive characteristics. Yes.
[0008]
On the other hand, the toner on the photoconductor is not completely transferred, and a part of the toner remains on the photoconductor. When images are repeatedly formed in this state, the latent image formation is disturbed by the residual toner. It is not possible to obtain a high-quality copy with no stains. For this reason, it is necessary to remove the residual toner. The cleaning means is typically a fur brush, a magnetic brush, or a blade, but the blade is mainly used from the viewpoint of performance, configuration, and the like. As the blade member at this time, a plate-like rubber elastic body is generally used.
[0009]
When such a polycarbonate is used for the surface layer, it has a drawback that it is scratched by the magnetic brush or cleaning blade and the surface of the photosensitive layer is scratched or the photosensitive layer is gradually worn. If the rubbing force of the cleaning means is reduced in order to reduce such scratches and wear, so-called cleaning failure occurs in which toner external additives such as silica and paper powder such as talc slip through the blade. Such a poor cleaning is unlikely to be a problem on an image in a normal use environment, but it becomes a problem due to an image defect such as a character flow or an image blur especially under high temperature and high humidity. On the other hand, the photosensitive layer is forcibly scraped to constantly expose the clean surface of the photoreceptor, increasing the wear rate by increasing the contact load of the blade, or exposing the urethane roller to which abrasive is added. It is taken into contact with the body. However, when the wear is increased in this way, the image defect due to the cleaning failure is improved, but the sensitivity and the charging potential are lowered due to the wear, and the life of the inorganic photoconductor is shortened and the high durability is hindered. It is the main cause.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge that are free from filming of toner components, paper dust, and the like, have high wear resistance, and can obtain a stable image with high image quality over a long period of time. is there.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following constitution.
[0016]
[1] at least a charge generating layer on the conductive support, a charge-transporting layer, at least the general formula in the protective layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a protective layer in this order (A2), one general formula (B2), general and formula ( repeating units containing as a binder a copolymer polycarbonate having, and used in the image forming method of cleaning an elastic rubber blade having a thickness of 1~30mm you wherein Rukoto electronic photosensitive member C).
[0017]
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003713985
[0018]
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. , R 7 and R 8 each independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a pair of R 1 and R 2 is a pair of R 3 and R 4 X is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, and p and q are natural numbers. And p + q is less than 150.)
[0019]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003713985
[0020]
(Wherein R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and c and d each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4) Y is a single bond.)
[0021]
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003713985
[0022]
(Wherein R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and f and g are each Independently, it represents an integer of 0 to 4, Z is —C (R 13 ) (R 14 ) —, and R 13 and R 14 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, a carbon number of 1 to 6 represents an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cyclic hydrocarbon residue having 4 to 12 carbon atoms formed by R 13 and R 14. )
[2] [1] Symbol mounting the electrophotographic photoconductor using the charging, image exposure, development, transfer and separation, the image forming apparatus characterized by forming an image through the cleaning.
[0023]
A process cartridge containing [3] [1] Symbol and an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the mounting, a charger, a developing device, at least one cleaning device or the transfer device.
[0024]
Examples of the structural unit of the copolymer polycarbonate binder resin used in the present invention include the following.
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0027]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0028]
Typical examples of the binder resin (copolymerized polycarbonate) of the present invention include the following ( 4 ) to ( 5 ).
[0029]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0031]
In the present invention, the protective layer refers to a layer coated as the outermost surface on a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
[0032]
Each configuration of the present invention will be further described.
[0033]
The material for the support of the photoreceptor used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Aluminum and its alloys that are widely used at present can be used.
[0034]
Usually, an intermediate layer (also referred to as an undercoat layer) is usually provided thereon. Typical examples thereof include a ceramic type made of a silane coupling agent or an organic chelate compound, and a resin type made of a polyamide type resin.
[0035]
A photosensitive layer is provided on the undercoat layer. The photosensitive layer has a so-called function-separated laminated structure having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
[0036]
The charge generation layer (CGL) is often formed by dispersing a charge generation material (CGM) in a binder resin as necessary. The CGM is not particularly limited, and azo pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthraquinone, quinone imine pigments, azomethine pigments, cyanine pigments, benzoquinone pigments, perylene pigments, metal or metal-free phthalocyanine pigments, and the like can be used. Moreover, you may use these in mixture of 2 or more types as needed.
[0037]
Examples of binder resins that can be used in the charge generation layer include polystyrene resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, vinyl chloride resins, vinyl acetate resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, phenol resins, and polyesters. Resins, alkyd resins, polycarbonate resins, silicone resins, melamine resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more of these resin repeating units, such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-anhydrous Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, maleic acid copolymer resins and polymer organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole.
[0038]
The charge transport layer (CTL) is composed of a charge transport material (CTM) alone or together with a binder resin. Examples of CTM include carbazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidazolone derivatives, imidazolidine derivatives, bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, oxazolones. Derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives, phenazine derivatives, aminostilbene derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, benzidine derivatives, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-1-vinylpyrene, Examples thereof include poly-9-vinylanthracene, but are not limited thereto. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0039]
Examples of binder resins that can be used for the charge transport layer include polycarbonate resins, polyacrylate resins, polyester resins, polystyrene resins, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resins, polymethacrylic ester resins, and styrene-methacrylic ester copolymers. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a coalesced resin.
[0040]
Next, although not limited to this, the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 showing an example of a structural sectional view showing an example of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the present invention.
[0041]
In FIG. 1, exposure light is emitted from a semiconductor laser light source 1 based on information read by a document reading device (not shown). This is distributed by the polygon mirror 2 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1, and is irradiated onto the surface of the photoreceptor through an fθ lens that corrects image distortion, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image. The photoreceptor is uniformly charged in advance by the charger 5 and starts rotating clockwise in accordance with the timing of image exposure.
[0042]
The electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive member is developed by the developing device 6, and the formed developed image is transferred to the transfer member 8 that has been conveyed in time by the action of the transferring device 7. Further, the photosensitive member 4 and the transfer member 8 are separated by a separator (separation pole) 9, but the developed image is transferred and supported on the transfer member 8, guided to the fixing device 10, and fixed.
[0043]
Untransferred toner or the like remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor is cleaned by a cleaning device 11 of a cleaning blade method, and the residual charge is removed by pre-transfer exposure (PCL) 12 and again by the charger 5 for the next image formation. Uniformly charged.
[0044]
The transfer member is typically plain paper, but is not particularly limited as long as it can transfer an unfixed image after development, and of course includes an OHP PET base.
[0045]
The cleaning blade 13 uses a rubber-like elastic body having a thickness of about 1 to 30 mm, and urethane rubber is most often used as the material. Since this is used in pressure contact with the photosensitive member, it is easy to transfer heat. In the present invention, it has been found that it is desirable to provide a release mechanism and keep it away from the photosensitive member when no image forming operation is performed.
[0046]
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member by a modulated beam modulated with digital image data from a computer or the like.
[0047]
In recent years, in the field of electrophotography where an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive member and the latent image is developed to obtain a visible image, image quality can be improved, converted, edited, etc., and high-quality image formation is possible. Research and development of image forming methods adopting various digital methods have been actively conducted.
[0048]
As a scanning optical system that optically modulates with a digital image signal from a computer or a copy original employed in this image forming method and apparatus, (1) an acoustooptic modulator is interposed in the laser optical system, and light is transmitted by the acoustooptic modulator. There is a modulation device, and {circle around (2)} a device that directly modulates the laser intensity using a semiconductor laser, and a dot-like image is formed by spot exposure on a uniformly charged photoconductor from these scanning optical systems.
[0049]
The beam irradiated from the scanning optical system described above has a circular or elliptical luminance distribution that approximates a normal distribution with a skirt extending from side to side. For example, in the case of a laser beam, the main scanning direction or One or both in the sub-scanning direction is an extremely narrow circle or ellipse of 20 to 100 μm.
[0050]
In addition, the image forming apparatus can be configured to mount a process cartridge including at least one of the photosensitive member 4 and the charger 5, the developing device 6, the cleaning device 11, the transfer device 7, and the like.
[0051]
An example of a process cartridge to be mounted on the image forming apparatus of the present invention is shown as a sectional view in FIG. 2 and a perspective view in FIG. The process cartridge 20 is loaded into the apparatus by a guide rail or the like from the side of the image forming apparatus, that is, from the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the transfer body is conveyed.
[0052]
As apparent from FIG. 2, in this example, the process cartridge 20 is housed in the process cartridge 20 with the charger 5, the developing device 6, the cleaning device 11, and the PCL 12 centered on the photosensitive member 4 to form a process cartridge. By taking the form of such a process cartridge, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited better, and therefore it can be said to be a preferred embodiment.
[0053]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, the aspect of this invention is not limited to this.
[0054]
Reference example 1
The following undercoat layer coating solution was prepared on a drum-like aluminum conductive support (aluminum cylinder) having a diameter of 80 mm, and applied to a dry film thickness of 0.3 μm.
[0055]
1. Undercoat layer coating solution Polyamide resin (CM-8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 15 g
150 ml of 2-propanol
850 ml of methanol
On this undercoat layer, the following charge generation layer coating solution was dispersed and prepared so as to have a film thickness of 0.5 μm.
[0056]
2. Charge generation layer coating solution Charge generation material (G-1) 10 g
Silicone resin (KR-5240, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10g
1000 ml of t-butyl acetate
A dispersion of the above coating solution using a sand mill for 20 hours.
[0057]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0058]
On the charge generation layer, the following charge transport layer coating solution was prepared and applied to a dry film thickness of 20 μm.
[0059]
3. 420 g of charge transport layer coating liquid charge transport material (T-1)
Polycarbonate (Z300 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company) 560g
1,2-dichloroethane 2800ml
The following protective layer coating solution was prepared on this charge transport layer, applied to a dry film thickness of 8 μm, and then dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a photoreceptor.
[0060]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0061]
4). Protective layer coating solution Charge transport material (T-1) 84g
Illustrative binder resin (1) (Mv = 80,000) 140 g
1,2-dichloroethane 2800ml
Reference Examples 2 , 3 and 6 and Examples 4, 5
A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that instead of the exemplified binder resin (1) of the protective layer in the reference example 1, the exemplified binder resins (2) to (6) were used.
[0062]
Reference Example 7
A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the exemplified binder resin (1) was changed from 80,000 to 30,000.
[0063]
Comparative Example 1
A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the binder resin (1) exemplified in the protective layer in Reference Example 1, a resin having the following structure was used.
[0064]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0065]
Comparative Example 2
A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that the following resin was used instead of the binder resin (1) exemplified in the protective layer in Reference Example 1.
[0066]
Embedded image
Figure 0003713985
[0067]
Characteristic Evaluation The photoreceptor thus obtained was mounted on a digital copying machine Konica 7050 manufactured by Konica, and the following photoreceptor characteristics evaluation was performed.
[0068]
First, the copying machine is equipped with a surface electrometer, and is modified so that the unexposed potential and the potential after exposure (respectively VH and VL) can be measured as potential characteristics, and VH is −750 (V) and VL is −100 ( V) and the charging current and the exposure amount were adjusted. Further, an elastic rubber blade having a rubber hardness of JIS A 65 °, a rebound resilience of 40%, a thickness of 2 mm, and a free length of 9 mm is applied to the cleaning device at a contact angle of 20 ° in the counter direction with respect to the rotation of the photosensitive member at 18 g / cm. Abut.
[0069]
Next, the actual copy test of 10,000 copies was performed under the above conditions to measure the potential fluctuation and film thickness wear after 10,000 copies, and then 10,000 copies in the forced mode with a reduced blackening rate of the image. A compulsory test was conducted and the levels of paper dust and toner filming were compared. Filming was evaluated by visual observation of the photosensitive drum surface and halftone image after the 10,000 copy compulsory test was completed.
[0070]
A: No filming on the drum surface,
○: No image defect due to filming,
Δ: Minor streak failure occurred,
X: Black streak occurred.
[0071]
The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
[0072]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003713985
[0073]
As is apparent from Table 1, it can be seen that, when the resin of the present invention is used, image defects due to potential characteristics, film thickness wear, and filming do not occur as compared with conventionally known binder resins.
[0074]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge that are free from filming of toner components, paper dust, and the like, have high wear resistance, and can obtain a stable image with high image quality over a long period of time. I can do it.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a structural cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a process cartridge for mounting in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a process cartridge for mounting in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Semiconductor laser light source 2 Polygon mirror 4 Photoconductor 5 Charger 6 Developing device 7 Transfer device 8 Transfer body 9 Separation pole 10 Fixing device 11 Cleaning device 12 Pre-transfer exposure (PCL)
13 Cleaning blade 20 Process cartridge

Claims (3)

導電性支持体上に少なくとも電荷発生層、電荷輸送層、保護層をこの順に有する電子写真感光体の保護層に少なくとも一般式(A2)、一般式(B2)及び一般式(C)の繰り返し単位を有する共重合ポリカーボネートをバインダーとして含有し、且つ厚さ1〜30mmの弾性ゴムブレードにてクリーニングする画像形成方法に用いられることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。A protective layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer, and a protective layer in this order on a conductive support, and at least a repeating unit of general formula (A2), general formula (B2), and general formula (C) An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that it is used in an image forming method comprising a copolymer polycarbonate having a binder as a binder and cleaning with an elastic rubber blade having a thickness of 1 to 30 mm.
Figure 0003713985
Figure 0003713985
(式中、R(Wherein R 11 、R, R 22 、R, R 3Three 、R, R 4Four 、R, R 5Five 及びRAnd R 66 は各々独立に、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、REach independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; 77 及びRAnd R 88 は各々独立に、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、且つREach independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and R 11 とRAnd R 22 の対がRPair is R 3Three とRAnd R 4Four の対と異なり、Xは炭素数1〜6の置換若しくは無置換のアルキレン基を示し、nは1〜6の整数を示しa及びbは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、p及びqは自然数を示し、p+qは150未満である。)X represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 to 6, a and b each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4, p and q represents a natural number, and p + q is less than 150. )
Figure 0003713985
Figure 0003713985
(式中、R(Wherein R 99 及びRAnd R 10Ten は各々独立に、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のフェニル基を示し、c及びdは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、Yは単結合である。)Each independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, c and d each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, and Y is a single bond. )
Figure 0003713985
Figure 0003713985
(式中、R(Wherein R 1111 及びRAnd R 1212 は各々独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を示し、f及びgは各々独立に、0〜4の整数を示し、Zは−C(REach independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and f and g each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4; Z is -C (R 1313 )(R) (R 1414 )−であり、R)-And R 1313 及びRAnd R 1414 は各々独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、トリハロメチル基、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基又は炭素数6〜12の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、又はRAre each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R 1313 とRAnd R 1414 で形成される炭素数4〜12の環状炭化水素残基を表す。)Represents a cyclic hydrocarbon residue having 4 to 12 carbon atoms formed by )
請求項1記載の電子写真感光体を用い帯電、像露光、現像、転写・分離、クリーニングを経て画像形成することを特徴とする画像形成装置。An image forming apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 is used to form an image through charging, image exposure, development, transfer / separation, and cleaning. 請求項1記載の電子写真感光体と、帯電器、現像器、クリーニング器あるいは転写器の少なくとも一つを含むプロセスカートリッジ。A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 and at least one of a charging device, a developing device, a cleaning device, and a transfer device.
JP32812098A 1998-11-18 1998-11-18 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus and process cartridge Expired - Fee Related JP3713985B2 (en)

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