JP3732002B2

JP3732002B2 - Railway vehicle body

Info

Publication number: JP3732002B2
Application number: JP04486898A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 正明茂山; 仁鶴田; 通文武市
Original assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Current assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Priority date: 1998-02-26
Filing date: 1998-02-26
Publication date: 2006-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2016-11-12
Also published as: JPH10181593A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は鉄道車両車体に係り、特に高速で走行するものに好適な鉄道車両に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、鉄道車両車体は、車体幅方向についてが緩やかな曲面あるいは緩やかな曲面と平滑面とからなる屋根構体と、車体幅方向についてが緩やかな曲面あるいは緩やかな曲面と平滑面とからなる側構体とを車体幅方向についてが小さな曲率の曲面を有する軒部材によって組合せ溶接して構成されている。さらに、車体長手方向両端部には妻構体、車体下部には台枠が設置され、これらをそれぞれ溶接することで車体を構成している。例えば、特開平３−９０４６８号公報に示すような車体断面形状が知られている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来技術においては、近年の軽合金材料の押し出し成形技術の向上により、外板部材をほぼ平行な一対の板部分と該板部分間を間隔を保持して例えば三角形を形成するように連結する隔壁とから構成する。このことで、車体周方向に沿って設置していた骨部材を廃止或いは削減することにより、部品点数を削減して、コストダウンを図る対策を行っている。しかしながら外板部材を一対の板部分と隔壁とからなる中空押出型材とする場合、前記板部分及び隔壁の薄肉化には限度があり、車体重量の軽減にも限度があった。近年の鉄道車両は高速化の傾向にあり、車体重量の低減のみならず、気密圧力荷重に対する強度の確保も重要である。このような状況にあって、中空押出し材を使用する部位の軽量、高強度化が非常に重要な課題である。
【０００４】
本発明は、軽量で、車体に求められる気密強度を確保し得る鉄道車両車体を提供することを目的としたものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は、台枠、屋根構体、側構体、妻構体を接合して構成される鉄道車両車体において、前記屋根構体はその幅方向について断面が曲面をなしており、前記側構体はその車両の上下方向について曲面をなしており、前記屋根構体と前記側構体の少なくとも一方を構成する外板部材を、ほぼ平行な一対の板部と該一対の板部の間の間隔を保持して連結する隔壁とからなる中空材で構成しており、前記中空材の前記板部分の全てを、その板部分の表面部を平面とすることで達成される。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の第１の実施例を図１、図２により説明する。図１、図２において、車体１は屋根構体２、一対の側構体３、台枠４、一対の妻構体５、一対の軒部材３２とからなる。本実施例において、屋根構体２はその車体幅方向断面において、外側板部２ａと内側板部２ｂと該板部間を所定の間隔を保持して三角形を形成するように連結する隔壁部２ｃとからなる閉断面形状を有する複数のアルミニウム合金製中空押出し材から構成されている。前記側構体３はその車両の上下方向において、外側板部３ａと内側板部３ｂと該板部間を所定の間隔を保持して三角形を形成するように連結する隔壁部３ｃとからなる閉断面形状を有する複数のアルミニウム合金製中空押出し材から構成されている場合の例である。前記中空押出し材はそれぞれ押出し方向を車体長手に沿わせて配置されている。屋根構体２と側構体３は軒部材３２を介して接合されている。また、各側構体３は台枠４の上面に設置され、車体１の長手両端には妻構体５が設置され、それぞれの各端部は接合されている。
【０００７】
図３は本実施例における中空押出し材の幅方向断面の詳細構造を示している。中空押出し材１００は外側板部１０１と内側板部１０２と、隔壁部材１０３とからなる。まず、円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｎを配置する。同様に、基本断面形状線Ａと所定の間隔を隔てた円弧状の内側基本断面形状線Ｂ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｎを配置する。そして頂点Ｃｎと頂点Ｄｎとを直線Ｅｎで結んでいく。また、外側基本形状線Ａ上の頂点Ｃｎをそれぞれ直線Ｇｎで結び、内側基本形状線Ｂ上の頂点Ｄｎをそれぞれ直線Ｈｎで結ぶ。この結果、直線Ｇｎと直線Ｅｎ、直線Ｈｎと直線Ｅｎとで各辺が直線となる複数の三角形が形成される。そして、直線Ｇｎに板厚ｔａを付加することで外側板部１０１が、直線Ｈｎに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部１０２が、直線Ｅｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材１０３が形成される。そして、直線Ｅｎ、直線Ｇｎ、直線Ｈｎに所定の板厚ｔａ、ｔｂ、ｔｃを付加することで、図４に示すように、板部の表面部が平面をなすことになる。
【０００８】
このような構成によれば、車体１に圧力荷重Ｐが図２に示すように負荷された場合、車体１は変形線Ｆに示すように変形する。この時、屋根構体２と側構体３の変形の変曲点は軒部材３２のＳ点付近に発生する。図５に軒部材３２の詳細を示す。図５において、該軒部材３２の外側板部３２ａと内側板部３２ｂは、板部材の板部中立軸Ｔに対して断面形状が軸対称形になっている。そのため、該軒部材３２に曲げモーメントＭが負荷されても、外側板部３２ａには面内力Ｆ１、内側板部３２ｂには面内力Ｆ２として負担され、外側板部３２ａ、内側板部３２ｂは面外変形が殆ど生じず、軒部材３２の変形が抑制される。一般に、車体１に圧力荷重Ｐが負荷された場合、軒部材３２の変形が車体１の全体強度に大きく影響する。本実施例に示す構成によれば、車体１に圧力荷重Ｐが負荷された場合、軒部材３２の変曲点Ｓでの変形が抑制され、車体１の各部の変形が低減される。その結果、車体１を構成する各部材に生じる応力も低減することができる。
【０００９】
また、車体各部の変形量を低減することができることから、車体１に取付けられる内装材のきしみなどを抑制することができるため、車内の静粛化も図れる。また、外側板部１０１と内側板部１０２とは頂点Ｃｎ、頂点Ｄｎを最短距離で結ぶことになるため、外側板部及び内側板部を曲面に形成した従来の中空押出し材よりなる車体よりも軽量化が図れる。また、本実施例は車内圧よりも車外圧の方が低い場合の例を説明したが、前記説明とは逆に車内圧よりも車外圧の方が高い場合についても、板部に発生する応力の符号が逆転するだけで、同等の効果を達成することができる。
【００１０】
図６に従来の中空押出し材の例を示す。２００は外側板部２０１と内側板部２０２と、隔壁部材２０３とからなる従来の中空押出し材を示す。まず、円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｎを配置する。同様に、円弧状の内側基本断面形状線Ｂ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｎを配置する。そして頂点Ｃｎと頂点Ｄｎとを直線Ｅｎで結んでいく。この結果、外側基本形状線Ａと内側基本形状線Ｂと直線Ｅｎとで複数の三角形が形成される。外側基本形状線Ａに板厚ｔａを付加することで外側板部２０１が、内側基本形状線Ｂに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部２０２が、直線Ｅｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材２０３がそれぞれ形成される。このとき、外側板部２０１と内側板部２０２はそれぞれの中立軸２０１Ｔ、２０２Ｔに対して軸対称形となっておらず、曲面をなしている。
【００１１】
図６に示す構成の中空押出し材を用いた従来例について図７を用いて説明する。上記本発明の第１の実施例と同一符号は同一部材を示す。このような構成によれば、車体１に圧力荷重Ｐが負荷された場合、車体１は変形線Ｆに示すように変形する。
【００１２】
このとき、屋根構体２と側構体３の変形の変曲点は軒部材３２０のＳ点付近に発生する。図８に軒部材３２０の詳細を示す。図８において、該軒部材３２０の外側板部３２０ａと内側板部３２０ｂがそれぞれの中立軸に対して軸対称形となっていない。そのため、該軒部材３２０に圧力荷重Ｐに起因する曲げモーメントＭが付加され、外側板部３２０ａに面内力Ｆ１、内側板部３２０ｂに働く面内力Ｆ２が作用したとき、外側板部３２０ａと内側板部３２０ｂの面外変形が大きくなる。したがって、軒部材３２０の変曲点Ｓでの変形が大きくなり、車体１の各部の変形が増大する。その結果、車体１を構成する各部材の発生応力も増大する。また、車体各部の変形量が増大することから、車体に取り付けられる内装材のきしみなどが発生し、車内騒音の増大の一因となる。前述のように本発明の前記実施例は、これら従来の課題を構成部材の板厚を増大させることなく解消することができる。
【００１３】
次に本発明の第２の実施例を図９、図１０、図１１により説明する。上記第１の実施例と同一符号は同一部材を示す。本実施例と上記第１の実施例との相違点は、屋根構体２と側構体３とを結合する軒部材３２と、該軒部材３２以外の中空押出し材の断面形状が異なる点にある。すなわち、軒部材３２は前記第１の実施例と同様に、外側板部３２ａと内側板部３２ｂの各表面部が平面をなしており、軒部材３２以外の屋根構体２及び側構体３を構成する屋根、幕、吹寄、腰部等は、外側板部３０１と内側板部３０２とが外側基本形状線Ａ及び内側基本形状線Ｂに沿った曲面をなしている点である。図１０に本実施例の軒部材３２以外の中空押出し材、すなわち、屋根部を例にその断面形状を示し、説明する。また、図１１に軒部材３２の中空押出し材の断面形状を示す。
【００１４】
図１０において、３００は外側板部３０１と内側板部３０２と、隔壁部材３０３とからなる中空押出し材を示す。円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｎを配置する。同様に、基本断面形状線Ａと所定の間隔を隔てた円弧状の内側基本断面形状線Ｂ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｎを配置する。そして、頂点Ｃｎと頂点Ｄｎとを直線Ｅｎで結んでいく。この結果、外側基本形状線Ａと内側基本形状線Ｂと直線Ｅｎとで複数の三角形が形成される。外側基本形状線Ａに板厚ｔａを付加することで外側板部３０１が、内側基本形状線Ｂに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部３０２が、直線Ｅｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材３０３がそれぞれ形成される。このとき、外側板部３０１と内側板部３０２はそれぞれの表面部が基本形状線Ａ及び基本形状線Ｂに沿った曲面をなしている。
【００１５】
図１１に本実施例の軒部材３２の中空押出し材断面形状を示す。図１１において、３２は外側板部３２ａと内側板部３２ｂと、隔壁部材３２ｃとからなる中空押出し材を示す。円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｎを配置する。同様に、基本断面形状線Ａと所定の間隔を隔てた円弧状の内側基本断面形状線Ｂ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｎを配置する。そして、頂点Ｃｎと頂点Ｄｎとを直線Ｅｎで結んでいく。また、外側基本形状線Ａ上の頂点Ｃｎをそれぞれ直線Ｇｎで結び、内側基本形状線Ｂ上の頂点Ｄｎをそれぞれ直線Ｈｎで結ぶ。この結果、直線Ｇｎと直線Ｅｎ、直線Ｈｎと直線Ｅｎとで各辺が直線となる複数の三角形が形成される。
【００１６】
そして、直線Ｇｎに板厚ｔａを付加することで外側板部３２ａが、直線Ｈｎに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部３２ｂが、直線Ｅｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材３２ｃが形成される。その結果、外側板部３２ａ、内側板部３２ｂはそれぞれの表面部が平面をなすことになる。
【００１７】
このような構成によれば、図９に示すように、車体１に圧力荷重Ｐが作用した際、車体１の変形線Ｆの変曲点Ｓに位置する軒部材３２の面外変形が、前記外側板部３２ａ、内側板部３２ｂを平面に構成することにより抑制される。このように本実施例は上記第１の実施例と同等の効果を有するものである。また、軒部材３に隣接する屋根構体２、側構体３を構成する中空押出し材については、図１０に示すように外側板部、内側板部については、曲面に形成した形状とすることにより、車体特に側面部をなめらかな曲面に構成して見栄えの向上を図ることができる。また、車体側面に側窓を構成する場合、側窓開口部の車体周方向について平面部と曲面部が交互に形成されていると、窓開口部に設置される側窓ユニットの形状が複雑になる、或いは、側窓ユニットとのシール部の形状が複雑となる。これに対して前記実施例においては、側構体３を所定の曲率に形成し、かつ、側窓ユニットを前記曲率に一致して構成することにより、該側窓ユニット自体の構成を簡略化することができ、側構体と側窓ユニットとの段差をなくして車体表面の平滑化を図ることができる。
【００１８】
次に本発明の第３の実施例を図１２、図１３により説明する。上記第２の実施例と同一符号は同一部材を示す。本実施例と上記第２の実施例との相違点は、屋根構体２と側構体３とを結合する軒部材３２の中空押出し材の断面形状にある。すなわち、屋根構体２と側構体３とは図１０に示すように外側板部３０１と内側板部３０２とがほぼ平行な曲面をなしているのに対して、本実施例の軒部材３２は外側基本形状線Ａの曲率よりも内側基本形状線Ｂの曲率を大きく設定している点である。図１３に本実施例の軒部材３２の中空押出し材断面形状を示す。図１３において、円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｎを配置する。同様に、外側基本断面形状線Ａよりも曲率が大きな円弧状の内側基本断面形状線Ｂ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｎを配置する。そして、頂点Ｃｎと頂点Ｄｎとを直線Ｅｎで結んでいく。また、外側基本形状線Ａ上の頂点Ｃｎをそれぞれ直線Ｇｎで結び、内側基本形状線Ｂ上の頂点Ｄｎをそれぞれ直線Ｈｎで結ぶ。この結果、直線Ｇｎと直線Ｅｎ、直線Ｈｎと直線Ｅｎとで各辺が直線となる複数の三角形が形成される。そして、直線Ｇｎに板厚ｔａを付加することで外側板部３２ａが、直線Ｈｎに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部３２ｂが、直線Ｅｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材３２ｃが形成される。その結果、外側板部３２ａと内側板部３２ｂとはその表面部が平面をなすことになる。
【００１９】
このような構成によれば、前記軒部材３２の断面形状は、該軒部材３２の幅方向中央部に行くに従って中空押出し材の高さ寸法ｈが大きくなるため、車体長手方向を軸とする曲げ荷重に対し剛性を向上することができ、前記軒部材３２の該外側板部３２ａ、該内側板部３２ｂの製作精度が低下し、外側板部３２ａ、内側板部３２ｂが所定の平面度を確保できなくても、上記第２の実施例と同等の効果を有しつつ、基本断面形状線Ａに可能な限り忠実な車体幅方向断面を有する鉄道車両用車体を提供することができる。
【００２０】
このような構成によれば、前記各実施例と軒部材部分の外観形状を同様にしてもその圧力荷重に対する剛性を前記実施例に比べて向上させることができる。また、前記軒部材３２によれば、車体の垂直曲げ剛性についても、軒部材の幅方向について前記ｈ寸法が一様なものに比べて向上させることができる。
【００２１】
次に本発明の第４の実施例を図１４を用いて説明する。前記第３の実施例と同一符号は同一部材を示す。本実施例と上記第３の実施例との相違点は軒部材３２ｙの外側板部３２ｙａの中空押出し材断面形状にある。すなわち、軒部材３２ｙの外側板部３２ｙａは外側基本形状線Ａｙに沿った曲面であり、内側板部３２ｙｂはその表面部が平面となっている点である。図１４において３２ｙは外側板部３２ｙａと内側板部３２ｙｂと隔壁部材３２ｙｃとからなる軒部材である。本実施例では外側板部３２ｙａは外側基本断面形状線Ａｙに平行に板厚ｔａを付加し、内側板部３２ｙｂは前記第３の実施例に示す形状と同様に設定する。この様な構成によると上記第３の実施例と同等の効果を有するとともに、外側基本形状線Ａｙに忠実な鉄道車両用車体を提供することができる。
【００２２】
ところで、上記第１、第２、第３、第４の実施例において、中空押出し材の該外側板部と該内側板部とで、軸対称性を確保しなければならない部位については、図１５に示すような断面形状のものを用いてもよい。図１５において、４００は外側板部４０１と内側板部４０２と隔壁部材４０３とからなる中空押出し材である。図１５において、円弧状の外側基本断面形状線Ａｚ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｃｚｎを配置し、頂点Ｃｚｎで外側基本断面形状線Ａｚを分割し円弧ａn とする。内側基本断面形状線Ｂｚ上に所定の間隔を有して頂点Ｄｚｎを配置し、頂点Ｄｚｎで内側基本断面形状線Ｂｚを分割し円弧ｂｎとする。また、頂点Ｃｚｎと頂点Ｄｚｎとを直線Ｅｚｎで結んでいく。さらに、外側基本形状線Ａｚ上の頂点Ｃｚｎをそれぞれ直線Ｇｚｎで結び、内側基本形状線Ｂｚ上の頂点Ｄｚｎをそれぞれ直線Ｈｎで結ぶ。そして、直線Ｇｚｎに一致させて中立軸Ｔ１を設定し、円弧ａｎを中立軸Ｔ１に対して軸対称に反転させ円弧ａ’ｎとし、２つの円弧ａｎと円弧ａ’ｎとで外側板部４０１とする。また、直線Ｈｚｎに板厚ｔｂを付加することで内側板部４０２とし、直線Ｅｚｎに板厚ｔｃを付加することで隔壁部材４０３とする。このような構成によれば、上記第１、第２、第３の実施例と同等の効果を有しつつ、外側基本断面形状線Ａに忠実な車体幅方向断面を有する鉄道車両用車体を提供することができる。車体表面に曲率の異なる曲面を形成することなく一様な曲率で車体表面を構成することができる。したがって、車体の見栄えを向上するするとともに、強度向上が図れる。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、車体各部の強度を向上することができるとともに車内の静粛化を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例の車体の斜視外観図である。
【図２】本発明の第１の実施例の車体の幅方向断面図である。
【図３】本発明の第１の実施例の中空押出し材の幅方向断面図である。
【図４】本発明の第１の実施例の中空押出し材の板部材の断面図である。
【図５】本発明の第１の実施例の軒部材の幅方向断面図である。
【図６】従来の中空押出し材の幅方向断面図である。
【図７】従来の中空押出し材を用いた車体の幅方向断面図である。
【図８】従来の中空押出し材を用いた車体の軒部材の変形図である。
【図９】本発明の第２の実施例の車体の幅方向断面図である。
【図１０】本発明の第２の実施例の屋根構体及び側構体の幅方向断面図である。
【図１１】本発明の第２の実施例の軒部材の幅方向断面図である。
【図１２】本発明の第３の実施例の車体の幅方向断面図である。
【図１３】本発明の第３の実施例の軒部材の幅方向断面図である。
【図１４】本発明の第４の実施例の軒部材の幅方向断面図である。
【図１５】本発明の第５の実施例の軒部材の幅方向断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１…車体、２…屋根構体、２ａ…外側板部、２ｂ…内側板部、２ｃ…隔壁３…側構体、３ａ…外側板部、３ｂ…内側板部、３ｃ…隔壁、３２…軒部材、３２ａ…外側板部、３２ｂ…内側板部、３２ｃ…隔壁、３２ｘ…軒部材、３２ｘａ…外側板部、３２ｘｂ…内側板部、３２ｘｃ…隔壁、３２ｙ…軒部材、３２ｙａ…外側板部、３２ｙｂ…内側板部、３２ｙｃ…隔壁、３２ｚ…軒部材、３２ｚａ…外側板部、３２ｚｂ…内側板部、３２ｚｃ…隔壁、４…台枠、５…妻構体、１００…中空押出し材、１０１…外側板部、１０２…内側板部、１０３…隔壁、２００…中空押出し材、２０１…外側板部、２０２…内側板部、２０３…隔壁、２０１Ｔ…外側板部中立軸、２０２Ｔ…内側板部中立軸、３００…中空押出し材、３０１…外側板部、３０２…内側板部、３０３…隔壁、３０１Ｔ…外側板部中立軸、３０２Ｔ…内側板部中立軸、３２０…中空押出し材、３２０ａ…外側板部、３２０ｂ…内側板部、３２０ｃ…隔壁、４００…中空押出し材、４０１…外側板部、４０２…内側板部、４０３…隔壁、Ａ…外側基本形状線、Ｂ…内側基本形状線、Ｃ１〜Ｃｎ…外側頂点、Ｄ１〜Ｄｎ…内側頂点、Ｅ１〜Ｅｎ…隔壁基準線、Ａｘ…外側基本形状線、Ｂｘ…内側基本形状線、Ｃｘ１〜Ｃｘｎ…外側頂点、Ｄｘ１〜Ｄｘｎ…内側頂点、Ｅｘ１〜Ｅｘｎ…隔壁基準線、Ａｙ…外側基本形状線、Ｂｙ…内側基本形状線、Ｃｙ１〜Ｃｙｎ…外側頂点、Ｄｙ１〜Ｄｙｎ…内側頂点、Ｅｙ１〜Ｅｙｎ…隔壁基準線、Ａｚ…外側基本形状線、Ｂｚ…内側基本形状線、Ｃｚ１〜Ｃｚｎ…外側頂点、Ｄｚ１〜Ｄｚｎ…内側頂点、Ｅｚ１〜Ｅｚｎ…隔壁基準線、Ｆ…車体変形線、Ｆａ…外側板部変形線、Ｆｂ…内側板部変形線、Ｆ１〜Ｆ３…面内力、Ｇ１〜Ｇｎ…外側板部基準線、Ｈ１〜Ｈｎ…内側板部基準線、Ｇｘ１〜Ｇｘｎ…外側板部基準線、Ｈｘ１〜Ｈｘｎ…内側板部基準線、Ｇｙ１〜Ｇｙｎ…外側板部基準線、Ｈｙ１〜Ｈｙｎ…内側板部基準線、Ｇｚ１〜Ｇｚｎ…外側板部基準線、Ｈｚ１〜Ｈｚｎ…内側板部基準線、Ｍ…モーメント、Ｐ…圧力荷重、Ｓ…変曲点、Ｔ、Ｔ１…板部中立軸、ｔ…板部板厚、ｔａ…外側板部板厚、ｔｂ…内側板部板厚、ｔｃ…隔壁板厚。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a railway vehicle body, and more particularly to a railway vehicle suitable for a vehicle traveling at a high speed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, a railway vehicle body has a roof structure that has a gentle curved surface in the vehicle body width direction or a gentle curved surface and a smooth surface, and a side structure that has a gentle curved surface in the vehicle body width direction or a gentle curved surface and a smooth surface. Are combined and welded by an eave member having a curved surface with a small curvature in the vehicle body width direction. Further, a wife structure is installed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and a frame is installed at the lower part of the vehicle body, and the vehicle body is configured by welding them. For example, a vehicle body cross-sectional shape as shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-90468 is known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described prior art, the outer plate member is connected so as to form, for example, a triangle while maintaining a space between a pair of substantially parallel plate portions and the plate portions by improving the extrusion technology of light alloy materials in recent years. It consists of a partition. In this way, by eliminating or reducing the bone members installed along the vehicle body circumferential direction, measures are taken to reduce the number of parts and reduce costs. However, in the case where the outer plate member is a hollow extruded mold made of a pair of plate portions and partition walls, there is a limit to thinning the plate portions and partition walls, and there is a limit to reducing the weight of the vehicle body. In recent years, railway vehicles tend to be faster, and it is important not only to reduce the weight of the vehicle body, but also to ensure strength against airtight pressure loads. Under such circumstances, it is a very important problem to increase the weight and strength of the portion where the hollow extruded material is used.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a railway vehicle body that is lightweight and can ensure the airtight strength required for the vehicle body.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is underframe, a roof structure, the side structure, the railcar body constructed by joining end structures, the roof structure is in cross-section forms a curved surface on the width direction, the side structure is the vehicle A curved surface is formed in the vertical direction , and the outer plate members constituting at least one of the roof structure and the side structure are connected to each other while maintaining a distance between the pair of substantially parallel plate portions and the pair of plate portions. It is comprised by the hollow material which consists of a partition, and it is achieved by making all the said plate parts of the said hollow material into the surface part of the plate part as a plane.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the vehicle body 1 includes a roof structure 2, a pair of side structures 3, a frame 4, a pair of end structures 5, and a pair of eaves members 32. In the present embodiment, the roof structure 2 has an outer plate portion 2a, an inner plate portion 2b, and a partition wall portion 2c that connects the plate portions so as to form a triangle while maintaining a predetermined distance in the cross section in the vehicle body width direction. It is comprised from the several aluminum alloy hollow extrusion material which has the closed cross-sectional shape which consists of these. The side structure 3 has a closed cross section composed of an outer plate portion 3a, an inner plate portion 3b, and a partition wall portion 3c that connects the plate portions so as to form a triangle while maintaining a predetermined distance in the vertical direction of the vehicle. It is an example in the case of comprising a plurality of aluminum alloy hollow extruded materials having a shape. Each of the hollow extruded materials is arranged with the extrusion direction along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 are joined via an eaves member 32. Further, each side structure 3 is installed on the upper surface of the underframe 4, and a wife structure 5 is installed at both longitudinal ends of the vehicle body 1, and each end is joined.
[0007]
FIG. 3 shows the detailed structure of the cross section in the width direction of the hollow extruded material in this example. The hollow extruded material 100 includes an outer plate portion 101, an inner plate portion 102, and a partition member 103. First, apexes Cn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Similarly, the vertex Dn is arranged with a predetermined interval on the arcuate inner basic cross-sectional shape line B with a predetermined interval from the basic cross sectional shape line A. The vertex Cn and the vertex Dn are connected by a straight line En. Further, the vertices Cn on the outer basic shape line A are connected by straight lines Gn, and the vertices Dn on the inner basic shape line B are connected by straight lines Hn. As a result, a plurality of triangles each having a straight line are formed by the straight line Gn and the straight line En, and the straight line Hn and the straight line En. The outer plate 101 is added by adding the plate thickness ta to the straight line Gn, the inner plate 102 is added by adding the plate thickness tb to the straight line Hn, and the partition member 103 is added by adding the plate thickness tc to the straight line En. Is formed. Then, by adding predetermined plate thicknesses ta, tb, and tc to the straight line En, the straight line Gn, and the straight line Hn, as shown in FIG. 4, the surface portion of the plate portion becomes a flat surface.
[0008]
According to such a configuration, when the pressure load P is applied to the vehicle body 1 as shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle body 1 is deformed as indicated by the deformation line F. At this time, an inflection point of deformation of the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 occurs in the vicinity of the S point of the eaves member 32. FIG. 5 shows details of the eaves member 32. In FIG. 5, the outer plate portion 32 a and the inner plate portion 32 b of the eave member 32 have a cross-sectional shape that is axisymmetric with respect to the plate portion neutral axis T of the plate member. Therefore, even if the bending moment M is applied to the eaves member 32, the outer plate portion 32a is loaded with the in-plane force F1 and the inner plate portion 32b is loaded with the in-plane force F2, and the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b are External deformation hardly occurs, and deformation of the eaves member 32 is suppressed. In general, when a pressure load P is applied to the vehicle body 1, the deformation of the eaves member 32 greatly affects the overall strength of the vehicle body 1. According to the configuration shown in the present embodiment, when a pressure load P is applied to the vehicle body 1, deformation at the inflection point S of the eaves member 32 is suppressed, and deformation of each part of the vehicle body 1 is reduced. As a result, stress generated in each member constituting the vehicle body 1 can also be reduced.
[0009]
In addition, since the deformation amount of each part of the vehicle body can be reduced, squeezing of the interior material attached to the vehicle body 1 can be suppressed, so that the interior of the vehicle can be made quiet. Further, since the outer plate 101 and the inner plate 102 are connected at the shortest distance between the vertex Cn and the vertex Dn, the outer plate 101 and the inner plate 102 are more than the vehicle body made of a conventional hollow extruded material in which the outer plate and the inner plate are formed into curved surfaces. Weight can be reduced. Further, in this embodiment, the case where the vehicle external pressure is lower than the vehicle internal pressure has been described. However, in contrast to the above description, the stress generated in the plate portion also when the vehicle external pressure is higher than the vehicle internal pressure. An equivalent effect can be achieved simply by reversing the sign of.
[0010]
FIG. 6 shows an example of a conventional hollow extruded material. Reference numeral 200 denotes a conventional hollow extruded material composed of an outer plate portion 201, an inner plate portion 202, and a partition wall member 203. First, apexes Cn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Similarly, apexes Dn are arranged on the arcuate inner basic cross-sectional shape line B with a predetermined interval. The vertex Cn and the vertex Dn are connected by a straight line En. As a result, a plurality of triangles are formed by the outer basic shape line A, the inner basic shape line B, and the straight line En. By adding the plate thickness ta to the outer basic shape line A, the outer plate portion 201 adds the plate thickness tb to the inner basic shape line B, and the inner plate portion 202 adds the plate thickness tc to the straight line En. Thus, the partition members 203 are formed. At this time, the outer side plate portion 201 and the inner side plate portion 202 are not axially symmetric with respect to the neutral axes 201T and 202T, but are curved.
[0011]
A conventional example using the hollow extruded material having the configuration shown in FIG. 6 will be described with reference to FIG. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment of the present invention denote the same members. According to such a configuration, when a pressure load P is applied to the vehicle body 1, the vehicle body 1 is deformed as indicated by a deformation line F.
[0012]
At this time, an inflection point of deformation of the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 occurs in the vicinity of the point S of the eaves member 320. FIG. 8 shows details of the eaves member 320. In FIG. 8, the outer side plate part 320a and the inner side plate part 320b of the eaves member 320 are not axisymmetric with respect to the neutral axis. Therefore, when the bending moment M resulting from the pressure load P is applied to the eave member 320 and the in-plane force F1 acting on the outer plate 320a and the in-plane force F2 acting on the inner plate 320b are applied, the outer plate 320a and the inner plate The out-of-plane deformation of the part 320b increases. Therefore, the deformation at the inflection point S of the eaves member 320 becomes large, and the deformation of each part of the vehicle body 1 increases. As a result, the generated stress of each member constituting the vehicle body 1 also increases. Further, since the deformation amount of each part of the vehicle body increases, a squeak of the interior material attached to the vehicle body occurs, which contributes to an increase in vehicle interior noise. As described above, the above-described embodiment of the present invention can solve these conventional problems without increasing the thickness of the constituent members.
[0013]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same members. The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the eaves member 32 that joins the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 and the cross-sectional shape of the hollow extruded material other than the eaves member 32 are different. That is, the eaves member 32 is similar to the first embodiment in that the surface portions of the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b are flat, and constitute the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 other than the eave member 32. The roof, curtain, blowing, waist, and the like are the points where the outer plate portion 301 and the inner plate portion 302 form curved surfaces along the outer basic shape line A and the inner basic shape line B. FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional shape of a hollow extruded material other than the eaves member 32 of the present embodiment, that is, a roof portion, as an example. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow extrusion material of the eaves member 32 is shown in FIG.
[0014]
In FIG. 10, reference numeral 300 denotes a hollow extruded material including an outer plate portion 301, an inner plate portion 302, and a partition wall member 303. Vertices Cn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Similarly, the vertex Dn is arranged with a predetermined interval on the arcuate inner basic cross-sectional shape line B with a predetermined interval from the basic cross sectional shape line A. Then, the vertex Cn and the vertex Dn are connected by a straight line En. As a result, a plurality of triangles are formed by the outer basic shape line A, the inner basic shape line B, and the straight line En. The outer plate 301 adds the plate thickness ta to the outer basic shape line A, and the inner plate 302 adds the plate thickness tc to the straight line En by adding the plate thickness tb to the inner basic shape line B. Thus, the partition members 303 are respectively formed. At this time, the outer plate portion 301 and the inner plate portion 302 have curved surfaces along the basic shape line A and the basic shape line B, respectively.
[0015]
FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional shape of the hollow extruded material of the eaves member 32 of this example. In FIG. 11, 32 shows the hollow extrusion material which consists of the outer side board part 32a, the inner side board part 32b, and the partition member 32c. Vertices Cn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Similarly, the vertex Dn is arranged with a predetermined interval on the arcuate inner basic cross-sectional shape line B with a predetermined interval from the basic cross sectional shape line A. Then, the vertex Cn and the vertex Dn are connected by a straight line En. Further, the vertices Cn on the outer basic shape line A are connected by straight lines Gn, and the vertices Dn on the inner basic shape line B are connected by straight lines Hn. As a result, a plurality of triangles each having a straight line are formed by the straight line Gn and the straight line En, and the straight line Hn and the straight line En.
[0016]
The outer plate 32a is added by adding the plate thickness ta to the straight line Gn, the inner plate 32b is added by adding the plate thickness tb to the straight line En, and the partition member 32c is added by adding the plate thickness tc to the straight line En. Is formed. As a result, the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b have flat surfaces.
[0017]
According to such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 9, when the pressure load P acts on the vehicle body 1, the out-of-plane deformation of the eaves member 32 located at the inflection point S of the deformation line F of the vehicle body 1 is It is suppressed by configuring the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b to be flat. As described above, this embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment. Moreover, about the hollow extruded material which comprises the roof structure 2 adjacent to the eaves member 3, and the side structure 3, as shown in FIG. 10, about an outer side board part and an inner side board part, it is set as the shape formed in the curved surface, The vehicle body, particularly the side surface portion, can be formed into a smooth curved surface to improve the appearance. In addition, when the side window is configured on the side surface of the vehicle body, the shape of the side window unit installed in the window opening is complicated if the plane portion and the curved surface portion are alternately formed in the vehicle body circumferential direction of the side window opening. Or, the shape of the seal portion with the side window unit becomes complicated. On the other hand, in the said Example, the structure of this side window unit itself is simplified by forming the side structure 3 in a predetermined curvature, and comprising a side window unit corresponding to the said curvature. Thus, the level difference between the side structure and the side window unit can be eliminated and the surface of the vehicle body can be smoothed.
[0018]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The same reference numerals as those in the second embodiment denote the same members. The difference between the present embodiment and the second embodiment lies in the cross-sectional shape of the hollow extruded material of the eaves member 32 that joins the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3. That is, the roof structure 2 and the side structure 3 have curved surfaces in which the outer plate portion 301 and the inner plate portion 302 are substantially parallel as shown in FIG. The curvature of the inner basic shape line B is set larger than the curvature of the basic shape line A. FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional shape of the hollow extruded material of the eaves member 32 of this example. In FIG. 13, apexes Cn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Similarly, vertices Dn are arranged on the arcuate inner basic cross-sectional shape line B having a larger curvature than the outer basic cross-sectional shape line A with a predetermined interval. Then, the vertex Cn and the vertex Dn are connected by a straight line En. Further, the vertices Cn on the outer basic shape line A are connected by straight lines Gn, and the vertices Dn on the inner basic shape line B are connected by straight lines Hn. As a result, a plurality of triangles each having a straight line are formed by the straight line Gn and the straight line En, and the straight line Hn and the straight line En. The outer plate 32a is added by adding the plate thickness ta to the straight line Gn, the inner plate 32b is added by adding the plate thickness tb to the straight line En, and the partition member 32c is added by adding the plate thickness tc to the straight line En. Is formed. As a result, the surface portions of the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b are flat.
[0019]
According to such a configuration, the cross-sectional shape of the eaves member 32 is such that the height dimension h of the hollow extruded material increases toward the center in the width direction of the eaves member 32. The rigidity can be improved with respect to the load, the manufacturing accuracy of the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b of the eaves member 32 is lowered, and the outer plate portion 32a and the inner plate portion 32b ensure predetermined flatness. Even if this is not possible, it is possible to provide a railway vehicle body having a cross section in the vehicle width direction that is as faithful as possible to the basic cross-sectional shape line A while having the same effect as the second embodiment.
[0020]
According to such a configuration, even if the external shapes of the eaves member portions are the same as those of the above embodiments, the rigidity against the pressure load can be improved as compared with the above embodiments. Further, according to the eaves member 32, the vertical bending rigidity of the vehicle body can be improved as compared with a case where the h dimension is uniform in the width direction of the eaves member.
[0021]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The same reference numerals as those in the third embodiment denote the same members. The difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment lies in the cross-sectional shape of the hollow extruded material of the outer side plate portion 32ya of the eaves member 32y. That is, the outer side plate portion 32ya of the eaves member 32y is a curved surface along the outer basic shape line Ay, and the inner side plate portion 32yb is a point whose surface portion is flat. In FIG. 14, 32y is an eave member comprising an outer plate portion 32ya, an inner plate portion 32yb, and a partition member 32yc. In the present embodiment, the outer plate portion 32ya is added with a plate thickness ta parallel to the outer basic cross-sectional shape line Ay, and the inner plate portion 32yb is set similarly to the shape shown in the third embodiment. According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide a railway vehicle body that has the same effects as those of the third embodiment and is faithful to the outer basic shape line Ay.
[0022]
By the way, in the first, second, third, and fourth embodiments, the portions where the axial symmetry should be ensured between the outer plate portion and the inner plate portion of the hollow extruded material are shown in FIG. A cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 400 denotes a hollow extruded material composed of an outer plate 401, an inner plate 402, and a partition member 403. In FIG. 15, vertices Czn are arranged on the arcuate outer basic cross-sectional shape line Az with a predetermined interval, and the outer basic cross-sectional shape line Az is divided by the vertex Czn to be an arc an. A vertex Dzn is arranged with a predetermined interval on the inner basic cross-sectional shape line Bz, and the inner basic cross-sectional shape line Bz is divided by the vertex Dzn to be an arc bn. Further, the vertex Czn and the vertex Dzn are connected by a straight line Ezn. Furthermore, the vertices Czn on the outer basic shape line Az are respectively connected by straight lines Gzn, and the vertices Dzn on the inner basic shape line Bz are respectively connected by straight lines Hn. Then, the neutral axis T1 is set so as to coincide with the straight line Gzn, and the arc an is inverted symmetrically with respect to the neutral axis T1 to obtain an arc a′n, and the outer plate 401 is composed of the two arcs an and arc a′n. And Further, the inner plate portion 402 is formed by adding the plate thickness tb to the straight line Hzn, and the partition member 403 is formed by adding the plate thickness tc to the straight line Ezn. According to such a configuration, there is provided a railway vehicle body having a cross section in the vehicle body width direction that is faithful to the outer basic cross sectional shape line A while having the same effects as those of the first, second, and third embodiments. can do. The vehicle body surface can be configured with a uniform curvature without forming curved surfaces with different curvatures on the vehicle body surface. Therefore, the appearance of the vehicle body can be improved and the strength can be improved.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the strength of each part of the vehicle body can be improved and the interior of the vehicle can be quieted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective external view of a vehicle body according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of the vehicle body of the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a hollow extruded material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a plate member of a hollow extruded material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of the eaves member according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a conventional hollow extruded material.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a vehicle body using a conventional hollow extruded material.
FIG. 8 is a modified view of an eaves member of a vehicle body using a conventional hollow extruded material.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a vehicle body according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a roof structure and a side structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an eaves member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a vehicle body according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an eaves member according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an eave member according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an eaves member according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle body, 2 ... Roof structure, 2a ... Outer board part, 2b ... Inner board part, 2c ... Bulkhead 3 ... Side structure, 3a ... Outer board part, 3b ... Inner board part, 3c ... Bulkhead, 32 ... Eave member, 32a ... Outer plate portion, 32b ... Inner plate portion, 32c ... Partition wall, 32x ... Eave member, 32xa ... Outer plate portion, 32xb ... Inner plate portion, 32xc ... Partition wall, 32y ... Eave member, 32ya ... Outer plate portion, 32yb ... Inner plate part, 32yc ... partition wall, 32z ... eave member, 32za ... outer plate part, 32zb ... inner plate part, 32zc ... partition wall, 4 ... underframe, 5 ... end structure, 100 ... hollow extruded material, 101 ... outer plate part , 102 ... inner plate part, 103 ... partition wall, 200 ... hollow extruded material, 201 ... outer plate part, 202 ... inner plate part, 203 ... partition wall, 201T ... outer plate part neutral shaft, 202T ... inner plate part neutral shaft, 300 ... Hollow extruded material 301 ... Outer plate part 302 Inner plate portion, 303 ... partition, 301T ... outer plate portion neutral shaft, 302T ... inner plate portion neutral shaft, 320 ... hollow extruded material, 320a ... outer plate portion, 320b ... inner plate portion, 320c ... partition wall, 400 ... hollow extrusion Material: 401 ... Outer plate part, 402 ... Inner plate part, 403 ... Bulkhead, A ... Outer basic shape line, B ... Inner basic shape line, C1-Cn ... Outer vertex, D1-Dn ... Inner vertex, E1-En ... Bulkhead reference line, Ax ... outer basic shape line, Bx ... inner basic shape line, Cx1 to Cxn ... outer vertex, Dx1 to Dxn ... inner vertex, Ex1 to Exn ... bulk reference line, Ay ... outer basic shape line, By ... inner Basic shape line, Cy1 to Cyn ... Outer vertex, Dy1 to Dyn ... Inner vertex, Ey1 to Eyn ... Bulkhead reference line, Az ... Outer basic shape line, Bz ... Inner basic shape line, Cz1 to Czn ... Outer vertex, Dz1 to Dz ... inner vertex, Ez1 to Ezn ... partition reference line, F ... body deformation line, Fa ... outer plate part deformation line, Fb ... inner plate part deformation line, F1 to F3 ... in-plane force, G1 to Gn ... outer plate part reference line , H1 to Hn: inner plate reference line, Gx1 to Gxn: outer plate reference line, Hx1 to Hxn: inner plate reference line, Gy1 to Gyn ... outer plate reference line, Hy1 to Hyn ... inner plate reference line , Gz1 to Gzn ... outer plate reference line, Hz1 to Hzn ... inner plate reference line, M ... moment, P ... pressure load, S ... inflection point, T, T1 ... plate neutral axis, t ... plate plate Thickness ta: outer plate thickness, tb inner plate thickness, tc partition wall thickness.

Claims

In a railway vehicle body configured by joining a frame, a roof structure, a side structure, a wife structure, and an eaves member that joins the roof structure and the side structure, the roof structure has a curved surface in the width direction, The side structure has a curved surface in the vertical direction of the vehicle, and the roof structure, the side structure, and the eaves member form a triangle that holds the outer plate portion, the inner plate portion, and the interval between these plate portions, respectively. A hollow material structure composed of partition walls connected to each other, the hollow material structure having vertices arranged at predetermined intervals on the arc-shaped outer basic cross-sectional shape line A, and the like In addition, the partition wall having apexes arranged at a predetermined interval on an arcuate inner basic cross-section shape line B spaced apart from the basic cross-sectional shape line A, and connecting the vertices with a straight line The eaves part is further configured with respect to the eaves part. It said outer plate portion connecting the outer base section vertices shape lines arranged with a predetermined gap on the A, and the vertices are arranged with a predetermined gap in said side basic cross-sectional shape line on B of A rail vehicle body characterized in that the inner plate portion to be connected is formed in a shape in which the surface portion of the plate portion has a flat cross-sectional shape.