JP3745853B2 - Wire tension measurement method - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電車線、送電線等の電線(本明細書において、単に「電線」という場合がある。)の張力測定方法に関し、特に、低周波数の振動の波動伝幡速度に基づいて電線の張力を測定できるようにした電線の張力測定方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば、電車線においては、パンタグラフを介して走行する電車に給電を行うようにしているが、走行する電車に安定して給電を行うようにするためには、パンタグラフが電車線に安定して接触させる必要があり、このため、電車線を予め定めた一定の張力にて張架するようにしている。
しかしながら、電車線は、外気温の変化、風雨、電車の通過による電車線の流れの発生、電車線自体の劣化に伴う伸び等の影響を受け、その張力は変化する。
このため、電車線が上記の種々の影響を受けても、その張力が一定に保たれるように、テンションバランサ等を電車線の端部付近に配設するとともに、定期的にその張力測定を行うようにしている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、従来の電車線の張力測定方法としては、
(1) ロードセル等の張力計を用いる張力測定方法
(2) 波動伝幡速度から算出する張力測定方法
がある。
このうち、(1)の張力計を用いる張力測定方法は、最も一般的なものであるが、図4に示すように、張架した電車線Tにこの張力計Kを設置するには、張力計Kを設置する箇所で電車線Tを破断し、張力計Kを介在させる必要がある。このため、張架された電車線の切断等の準備作業が大がかりなものとなり、しかも、測定できる位置は電車線の端部に限定され、電車線の中間部分での測定はできないという問題点がある。
また、(2)の波動伝幡速度から算出する張力測定方法は、図5に示すように、電車線Tに人為的に衝撃を与え、この衝撃を与えた位置から一定距離Sだけ離れた測定点に衝撃波(振動)が伝わる時間差(t2ーt1)を測定し、張力Tを測定するものである。なお、張力Tは次式(概算式)で算出される。
【0004】
c=(T/ρ)1/2
T=c2ρ
c:波動伝幡速度(=S/(t2−t1))
ρ:電線の線密度
T:張力
【0005】
ところで、波動伝幡速度は、振動の周波数が高くなるほど速くなる性質がある。
このため、この波動伝幡速度から算出する張力測定方法は、電車線Tに衝撃を与える方法等によって衝撃波に含まれる周波数成分が異なることから、測定精度が低いという問題点があった。
【0006】
本発明は、上記従来の張力測定方法の有する問題点を解決し、波動伝幡速度から算出する張力測定方法を改良して、低周波数の振動の波動伝幡速度に基づいて電線の張力を簡易に精度高く測定できるようにした電線の張力測定方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の電線の張力測定方法は、電車の通過により測定対象となる張架された電線に生じる振動を、一定距離だけ離して設定した電線上の測定点において加速度計によって測定するとともに測定した振動をデータ記録手段に記録し、データ記録手段に記録された測定した振動の周波数分析を行い、特定の周波数の振動の波動伝幡速度を算出し、その平均速度から電線の張力を算出することを特徴とする。
【0008】
これにより、本発明は、一定距離だけ離して設定した電線上の測定点において測定した振動中の特定の周波数、すなわち、電線の張力を安定して測定することができる低周波数(100Hz程度以下)の振動に基づいて波動伝幡速度を算出し、その平均速度から電線の張力を算出する。
【0009】
この場合において、測定点間の距離は、2m以上に設定することが望ましく、これにより、一般的な架線構造の電線の波動伝幡速度が100m/s前後であるため、波動伝幡速度の算出に用いる100Hz程度以下の周波数の振動成分を数点程度確保することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の電線の張力測定方法の実施の形態を電車線の張力測定を行う場合を例に説明する。
【0011】
まず、波動伝幡速度の測定方法の原理を示す。
電車線を伝幡する波動として、
【0012】
【式1】
【0013】
を考える。
ただし、式1において、A,Bは各周波数成分の振幅、iは虚数単位を示す。
式1は、電車線の両方向に伝幡し、かつすべての周波数成分を含む波動であり、c,A,Bは周波数によって異なる値を有する。
このとき、距離Lだけ離れた測定点x1,x2で観測される波動y1,y2の差及び和は、式2で表される。
【0014】
【式2】
【0015】
ただし、測定点x1,x2間にはハンガ等の波動の反射する素子は存在せず、また、この間における波動伝幡の減衰は無視するものとする。
ここで、特に、ω=ωnにおいて、
【0016】
【式3】
【0017】
であるから、y1−y2,y1+y2の周波数成分が0となる周波数fn(ωn=2πfn)が分かれば、それに相当するnからその周波数における波動伝幡速度Cnは、式4から求めることができる。
【0018】
【式4】
【0019】
波動の周波数及び波長をf,λとすればc=fλであるから、この測定方法は、波長λを測定して波動伝幡速度を求めることに相当する。
図3に、距離Lだけ離れた測定点と、波動伝幡速度が求まる波動(y1−y2=0又はy1+y2=0となる波動)との関係を示す。
【0020】
この方法においては、電車線の1箇所で与えた衝撃により発生する波動が、衝撃を与えた位置から電車線の両方向に伝幡していても、さらには、異なる周波数の波動が混在していても測定可能である。ただし、測定点は周波数に対して連続的ではなく、離散的な値となる。
【0021】
測定点間の距離Lについては、2m程度以上が望ましい。
これは、一般的な架線構造の電車線の波動伝幡速度が100m/s前後であるため、波動伝幡速度の算出(波動伝幡速度の算出は、式1を用いて行う。)に用いる100Hz程度以下の周波数の振動成分を数点程度確保することができるようにするためである。
【0022】
y1−y2=0,y1+y2=0となる周波数検出方法は、それぞれのスペクトルの各周波数における比(スぺクトル比)をそれぞれ計算し、その極大、極小となる周波数を求める。
【0023】
測定する波動については、変位、速度、加速度のいずれでも上記の原理で測定可能であるが、実用的には、比較的高周波まで測定容易な加速度を測定するのが適当である。
【0024】
以下、本発明の電線の張力測定方法を実施するための電線の張力測定装置の一実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に示すように、電車線1の一定距離Lだけ離れた任意の2箇所に加速度計2,2を取り付ける。
加速度計2,2の取付位置は、電車の通過に支障のない位置で、電車の通過によって電車線1に生じる残留振動を測定できる位置とし、両加速度計2,2は、好ましくは、2m以上離間して取り付けるようにする。
各加速度計2には、測定器20としての歪増幅器3を接続し、加速度計2と歪増幅器3にて振動測定手段を構成する。
これにより、電車の通過によって電車線1に生じる残留振動の振動加速度を加速度計2、歪増幅器3にて測定する。
この場合、振動は、電車の通過により生じる残留振動のほか、人為的に衝撃を与えることにより生じさせることもできる。
また、電車線の加速度のほか、振動振幅又は振動速度を測定することも可能である。
【0025】
測定器20は、歪増幅器3のほか、データ記録手段のA/D変換器及びメモリ4、演算手段のマイクロコンピュータ5、制御手段の制御器及び表示器6を備えるとともに、各機能部を順次電気的に接続して構成する。
【0026】
そして、A/D変換器及びメモリ4より構成されるデータ記録手段では、測定された振動波形の約5秒間分をA/D変換してメモリに記録する。このデータを演算手段で処理して、張力を算出するのであるが、処理内容から考えてサンプリング周波数は最低500Hz必要である。
【0027】
次に、マイクロコンピュータ5より構成される演算手段によるデータ処理方法を、図2を用いて説明する。
まず、メモリに記録されたデータを用いて周波数分析を行い、各周波数スペクトル比を周波数fの関数として算出する。これを式5に示す。
【0028】
【式5】
【0029】
次に式6となる周波数fnを計算し、関数Z(f)を極大、極小とする周波数を見いだす。
【0030】
【式6】
【0031】
この場合、周波数fnが極大であるか、極小であるかは関数Z(f)がほぼ1を中心として変動していることから、
Z(f)>1
であれば極大であると判定し、このときの周波数fnを改めて周波数fNで表し、
Z(f)<1
であれば極小であると判定し、このときの周波数fnを改めて周波数fMで表す。 この周波数fN,fMを式4に代入して波動伝幡速度を算出する。
この場合、周波数fNに対しては式4の上式を、周波数fMに対しては下式を適用する。
【0032】
周波数が高くなると波動伝幡速度は高くなるので、計算には、100Hz以下、さらに好ましくは、60Hz以下の周波数fN,周波数fMを使用して波動伝幡速度を計算し、式7に示すように、算出された波動伝幡速度の平均値caを用いて張力を計算する。
【0033】
【式7】
【0034】
この場合、60Hz以下の周波数におけるZ(f)の極値は、加速度計2,2の取付間隔Lが2mの場合は2〜3個、4mの場合は4〜5個得ることができるられる。
そこで、周波数の低い方からN及びMの値を1,2,3,・・・として計算する。
制御手段は、振動測定手段、記録手段及び演算手段を制御するとともに、算出した張力の値を表示するものである。
【0035】
なお、上記例は、本発明を電車線の張力測定に適用した例を示したが、本発明の適用対象はこれに限定されず、送電線等の電線にも適用することができる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の電線の張力測定方法によれば、一定距離だけ離して設定した電線上の測定点において測定した振動中の特定の周波数、すなわち、電線の張力を安定して測定することができる低周波数(100Hz程度以下)の振動に基づいて波動伝幡速度を算出し、その平均速度から電線の張力を算出することができるため、振動の周波数の違いによる波動伝幡速度の変動の影響を受けず、電線の張力を簡易、かつ迅速に、また、精度高く測定することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の電線の張力測定装置の一実施例を示す説明図である。
【図2】 同演算手段によるデータ処理方法のフローチャートを示す説明図である。
【図3】 測定点と波動の関係を示すグラフ図である。
【図4】 従来の電車線の張力測定方法を示す説明図である。
【図5】 従来の電車線の張力測定方法を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 電車線
2 加速度計
3 歪増幅器
4 A/D変換器及びメモリ
5 マイクロコンピュータ
6 制御器及び表示器
20 測定器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for measuring the tension of electric wires such as train lines and power transmission lines (in the present specification, sometimes simply referred to as “electric wires”), and in particular, based on the wave propagation speed of low-frequency vibrations. The present invention relates to a method for measuring the tension of an electric wire that can measure the tension.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, in a train line, power is supplied to a train traveling through a pantograph, but in order to stably supply power to a traveling train, the pantograph is stabilized on the train line. For this reason, the train line is stretched with a predetermined constant tension.
However, the tension of the train line changes due to the influence of changes in the outside air temperature, wind and rain, generation of a train line flow due to passage of the train, elongation due to deterioration of the train line itself, and the like.
For this reason, even if the train line is affected by the various effects described above, a tension balancer or the like is provided near the end of the train line so that the tension is kept constant, and the tension is regularly measured. Like to do.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, as a conventional method of measuring the tension of a train line,
(1) Tension measurement method using a tension meter such as a load cell (2) There is a tension measurement method calculated from the wave propagation speed.
Among these, the tension measuring method using the tension meter of (1) is the most general one. However, as shown in FIG. It is necessary to break the train line T at the place where the gauge K is installed and to interpose the tension gauge K. For this reason, preparation work such as cutting of a stretched train line becomes a large-scale, and the position that can be measured is limited to the end of the train line, and it is not possible to measure at the middle part of the train line. is there.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the tension measuring method (2) for calculating the wave propagation speed is to artificially apply an impact to the train line T, and to measure a distance S away from the position where the impact is applied. A time difference (t2−t1) in which a shock wave (vibration) is transmitted to a point is measured, and a tension T is measured. The tension T is calculated by the following formula (approximate formula).
[0004]
c = (T / ρ) 1/2
T = c 2 ρ
c: Wave propagation speed (= S / (t2-t1))
ρ: Line density of the wire
T: Tension [0005]
By the way, the wave propagation speed has the property of increasing as the frequency of vibration increases.
For this reason, the tension measurement method calculated from the wave propagation speed has a problem that the measurement accuracy is low because the frequency component contained in the shock wave differs depending on the method of applying an impact to the train line T or the like.
[0006]
The present invention solves the problems of the above conventional tension measurement method, improves the tension measurement method calculated from the wave propagation speed, and simplifies the tension of the electric wire based on the wave propagation speed of the low frequency vibration. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the tension of an electric wire that can be measured with high accuracy.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, tension measurement method of the electric wire of the present invention, the vibration generated in the stretched the wire by passage of a train be measured, acceleration in the measurement point on the wire set apart by a predetermined distance The vibration measured and recorded in the data recording means, the frequency analysis of the measured vibration recorded in the data recording means is performed, the wave propagation speed of the vibration of a specific frequency is calculated, and from the average speed It is characterized by calculating the tension of the electric wire.
[0008]
As a result, the present invention is able to stably measure the specific frequency during vibration measured at measurement points on the electric wire set apart by a certain distance, that is, the tension of the electric wire (about 100 Hz or less). The wave propagation speed is calculated based on the vibration of the wire, and the tension of the wire is calculated from the average speed.
[0009]
In this case, it is desirable to set the distance between the measurement points to 2 m or more. As a result, the wave propagation speed of the electric wire having a general overhead wire structure is around 100 m / s. About several vibration components having a frequency of about 100 Hz or less can be secured.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for measuring the tension of an electric wire according to the present invention will be described by taking as an example the case of measuring the tension of a train line.
[0011]
First, the principle of the wave propagation velocity measurement method is shown.
As a wave that propagates on the train line,
[0012]
[Formula 1]
[0013]
think of.
However, in Formula 1, A and B show the amplitude of each frequency component, and i shows an imaginary unit.
At this time, the difference and the sum of the waves y 1 and y 2 observed at the measurement points x 1 and x 2 separated by the distance L are expressed by
[0014]
[Formula 2]
[0015]
However, there is no wave-reflecting element such as a hanger between the measurement points x 1 and x 2, and the attenuation of the wave propagation during this period is ignored.
Here, in particular, when ω = ω n ,
[0016]
[Formula 3]
[0017]
Therefore, if the frequency f n (ω n = 2πf n ) at which the frequency components of y 1 -y 2 and y 1 + y 2 are 0 is known, the wave propagation speed C n at that frequency is calculated from the corresponding n. , Can be obtained from Equation 4.
[0018]
[Formula 4]
[0019]
If the frequency and wavelength of the wave are f and λ, then c = fλ, and this measurement method corresponds to obtaining the wave propagation velocity by measuring the wavelength λ.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the measurement points separated by the distance L and the wave at which the wave propagation velocity is obtained (wave where y 1 −y 2 = 0 or y 1 + y 2 = 0).
[0020]
In this method, even if a wave generated by an impact applied at one place on the train line is transmitted in both directions of the train line from the position where the impact is applied, a wave having a different frequency is mixed. Can also be measured. However, the measurement points are not continuous with respect to the frequency but have discrete values.
[0021]
The distance L between measurement points is preferably about 2 m or more.
This is because the wave transmission speed of a train wire having a general overhead wire structure is around 100 m / s, so that the wave transmission speed is calculated (the calculation of the wave transmission speed is performed using Equation 1). This is because about several vibration components having a frequency of about 100 Hz or less can be secured.
[0022]
In the frequency detection method in which y 1 −y 2 = 0 and y 1 + y 2 = 0, a ratio (spectral ratio) of each spectrum in each frequency is calculated, and the maximum and minimum frequencies are obtained.
[0023]
As for the wave to be measured, any of displacement, velocity, and acceleration can be measured based on the above principle, but practically, it is appropriate to measure an acceleration that can be easily measured up to a relatively high frequency.
[0024]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of an electric wire tension measuring device for carrying out the electric wire tension measuring method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1,
The installation position of the
Each
Thereby, the vibration acceleration of the residual vibration generated in the
In this case, the vibration can be generated not only by the residual vibration caused by the passage of the train but also by applying an impact artificially.
In addition to the acceleration of the train line, it is also possible to measure vibration amplitude or vibration speed.
[0025]
In addition to the distortion amplifier 3, the measuring
[0026]
Then, the data recording means comprising the A / D converter and the memory 4 performs A / D conversion for about 5 seconds of the measured vibration waveform and records it in the memory. The tension is calculated by processing this data by the calculation means, but considering the processing contents, a sampling frequency of at least 500 Hz is required.
[0027]
Next, the data processing method by the calculating means comprised from the microcomputer 5 is demonstrated using FIG.
First, frequency analysis is performed using data recorded in the memory, and each frequency spectrum ratio is calculated as a function of the frequency f. This is shown in Equation 5.
[0028]
[Formula 5]
[0029]
Next, the frequency f n as shown in
[0030]
[Formula 6]
[0031]
In this case, whether the frequency f n is maximal or minimal is that the function Z (f) fluctuates about 1 as a center.
Z (f)> 1
Is determined to be maximal, and the frequency f n at this time is represented by frequency f N again,
Z (f) <1
It determines that the minimum if, represents the frequency f n of the time again at the frequency f M. By substituting these frequencies f N and f M into Equation 4, the wave propagation speed is calculated.
In this case, for the frequency f N the above equation in Equation 4, applying the formula for the frequency f M.
[0032]
Since the wave propagation speed increases as the frequency increases, the wave propagation speed is calculated using a frequency f N and a frequency f M of 100 Hz or less, more preferably 60 Hz or less, and is shown in Equation 7. as described above, to calculate the tension using the average value c a of the calculated wave DenHata speed.
[0033]
[Formula 7]
[0034]
In this case, two or three extreme values of Z (f) at a frequency of 60 Hz or less can be obtained when the mounting interval L of the
Therefore, the values of N and M are calculated as 1, 2, 3,.
The control means controls the vibration measurement means, the recording means, and the calculation means, and displays the calculated tension value.
[0035]
In addition, although the said example showed the example which applied this invention to the tension | tensile_strength measurement of a train line, the application object of this invention is not limited to this, It can apply also to electric wires, such as a power transmission line.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for measuring the tension of an electric wire of the present invention, a specific frequency during vibration measured at a measurement point on the electric wire set apart by a certain distance, that is, a low frequency that can stably measure the tension of the electric wire. The wave transmission speed can be calculated based on the vibration (less than about 100 Hz) and the tension of the wire can be calculated from the average speed, so it is not affected by fluctuations in the wave transmission speed due to the difference in vibration frequency. The tension of the electric wire can be measured easily and quickly with high accuracy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a wire tension measuring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a flowchart of a data processing method by the same calculation means.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between measurement points and waves.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional method for measuring the tension of a train line.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional method for measuring the tension of a train line.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35365696A JP3745853B2 (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Wire tension measurement method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35365696A JP3745853B2 (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Wire tension measurement method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10176968A JPH10176968A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| JP3745853B2 true JP3745853B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
Family
ID=18432332
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35365696A Expired - Fee Related JP3745853B2 (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Wire tension measurement method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3745853B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT17462U1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-05-15 | Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh | Measuring system and method for measuring the elasticity of a track overhead line |
| WO2022128792A1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Measurement system and method for measuring the elasticity of an overhead line of a track |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4523718B2 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2010-08-11 | 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Method for measuring wave propagation velocity of trolley wire and method for measuring tension of trolley wire |
| CN106696768B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2023-08-18 | 太原中车时代轨道工程机械有限公司 | Special oil scraping bow device for contact net |
| US12405135B2 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2025-09-02 | Nec Corporation | Telecom cable tension screening technique based on wave propagation and distributed acoustic sensing |
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 JP JP35365696A patent/JP3745853B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT17462U1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-05-15 | Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh | Measuring system and method for measuring the elasticity of a track overhead line |
| WO2022128792A1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Measurement system and method for measuring the elasticity of an overhead line of a track |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10176968A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
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