JP3778653B2 - Expansion / contraction shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shield machine that employs a parallel link manipulator with a plurality of telescopic actuators as a cutter driving device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, when constructing an underpass for entrances and exits such as ramps and platforms where roads and tracks branch and merge, it is necessary to excavate while gradually expanding or reducing the width of the tunnel. However, there is no conventional shield machine that can gradually change the tunnel width during excavation in this way, use multiple shield machines to drill a wide tunnel and use only the necessary space Was.
[0003]
Therefore, the present inventors have focused on a parallel link manipulator capable of arbitrarily changing the driving range of the blade, and have proposed that which is employed in a cutter head driving device.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the above configuration, since the operation range of the cutter head can be arbitrarily changed by the parallel link manipulator, the excavation range can be changed freely, but the face area to be actually excavated when the face area is enlarged. As a result, the ratio of the excavation area where the cutter head contacts the face of the blade becomes small, and stable excavation becomes impossible.
[0005]
The invention described in claim 1 of the present invention provides an expansion / contraction type shield machine capable of solving the above-described problems and stably excavating even when the cross-sectional area of the tunnel to be excavated is enlarged. Objective.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a cutter head having an excavation surface smaller than the cross section of the shield body can be arranged at the front of the shield body, and the width of the cutter body can be enlarged or reduced. Cutter that comprises a parallel link manipulator with a plurality of telescopic actuators having a front-end portion pivotably connected to the cutter head and a rear-end portion pivotally connected to the shield body. A drive device is provided, and the cutter head is provided with a cutter expansion / contraction mechanism capable of expanding and reducing the width of the excavation surface.
[0007]
According to the above configuration, when excavating a large-diameter tunnel having a wide facet surface, the cutter head expansion mechanism increases the excavation area of the cutter head and expands the area that holds the earth pressure in contact with the facet surface. Therefore, stable excavation can be performed even when the area to be excavated increases.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism includes a plurality of divided cutters, a soil retaining member that is exposed between the divided cutters when the divided cutters are enlarged and can be earthed, and a cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism that moves the divided cutters. It is comprised with a drive device.
[0009]
According to the above configuration, since the earth retaining member is exposed to the portion where there is no divided cutter and the natural ground is held even when the cutter head is enlarged, it is possible to stably excavate by holding the face face in a wide range. Become.
[0010]
Further, in the invention described in claim 3, the cutter expanding / contracting mechanism having the above-described configuration includes a plurality of cutter frames capable of enlarging / reducing the width of the cutting surface by moving toward and away from each other and fitting the frame portions to each other, and these cutter frames. It is composed of a cutter expansion / contraction drive device that moves close and separate.
[0011]
According to the above configuration, the frame portion can be evenly distributed and arranged on the cutting surface by moving the cutter frame away from each other and separating the fitted frame portion, and even if the width of the excavation surface is increased, the frame The digging ability of the digging surface can be made uniform by the cutter bit provided in the section, and there is no uneven distribution.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Here, an embodiment of the expansion and contraction type shield machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0013]
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, a pair of left and right rectangular cutter heads 2, 2 driven by cutter driving devices 4, 4 are disposed at the front portion of the shield body 1 having a rectangular cross section. The shield main body 1 is equipped with a trunk expansion / contraction mechanism. The trunk expansion / contraction mechanism includes a central fixed barrel 1A and a movable barrel 1B which is disposed in the fixed barrel 1A so as to be freely retractable in the width direction. , 1B, and a width expanding / contracting cylinder 3 which is a body expanding / contracting driving device capable of changing the width of the shield body 1 between Lw and Ls by moving the movable body 1B, 1B out of the body. , 3.
[0014]
More specifically, the fixed body portion 1A includes a center partition wall 11 that forms a pressure chamber 6 for holding earth pressure, a top wall center plate 12, and a bottom wall center plate 13. The movable body 1B includes a side partition wall 14 slidably disposed on the back surface of the center partition wall 11, a top wall side plate 15 slidably disposed on the top surface of the top wall center plate 12, and a bottom wall center plate. 13 includes a bottom wall side plate 16 and a side wall skin plate 17 slidably disposed on the lower surface of 13. The output ends of the width expanding / contracting cylinders 3 and 3 whose main bodies are connected to the support block 20 on the back surface of the center partition wall 11 of the fixed body 1A are connected to the side wall skin plate 17 of the movable body 1B. In addition, seal members are provided on the sliding contact portions of the center partition wall 11 and the side partition wall 14 and the sliding contact portions of the top wall center plate 12, the bottom wall center plate 13, the top wall side plate 15 and the bottom wall side plate 16, respectively. It has been.
[0015]
As shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, the cutter driving devices 4, 4 of the cutter heads 2, 2 each have a front end portion rotatably connected to the cutter head 2 and a rear end portion of the shield body 1. It is constituted by a parallel link manipulator composed of hydraulic cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H which are a total of eight sets of four telescopic actuators connected to the center partition wall 11 of the fixed barrel portion 1A in a freely rotatable manner.
[0016]
That is, in the parallel link manipulator constituting the cutter head driving device 4, the base end portions of the eight cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are rotated around the corners of the rectangle R which is vertically long when viewed from the center partition wall 11 which is a platform. They are connected via a dynamic coupling 21. The cutter drive cylinders 5 </ b> A to 5 </ b> H are connected to the rear surface of the cutter head 2, which is an end effector (output end) end effector, via a rotary joint 22 in the vicinity of the corner of the rhombus D that is vertically long.
[0017]
The rotary joints 21 and 22 of the cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H may be spherical joints or universal joints. However, in this embodiment, the rotational range is wide in the left-right direction and narrow in the vertical direction, so as shown in FIG. In addition, a spherical bushing joint is used. That is, a pair of fixed brackets 24 project from the pressure bulkhead 4 or the attachment member 23 of the cutter head 2, and a movable bracket 25 projecting between the fixed brackets 24 projects from the cutter drive cylinders 5 </ b> A to 5 </ b> H. Yes. A spherical bush 26 is rotatably fitted in a spherical recess 25a formed in the movable bracket 25, and a pin hole 26a is formed in the spherical bush 26. A support pin 27 is passed through a pin hole of the fixed bracket 24 and a pin hole 26a of the spherical bush 26, and the pressure bulkhead 4 or the cutter head 2 and the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are connected. Accordingly, the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H can rotate in a wide range in the left-right direction around the support pin 27, and rotate in a narrow range in the vertical direction within the plane including the axis of the support pin 27 by the spherical bush 26. be able to.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cutter head 2 according to the present invention has an excavation surface that is smaller than half of the cross section of the shield body 1, and is configured to be capable of enlarging / reducing its lateral width by a cutter expansion / contraction mechanism 31. Yes. The cutter expanding / contracting mechanism 31 is slidably incorporated in divided cutters 32 and 32 in which the cutter head 2 is divided into left and right, and storage recesses 32a of the divided cutters 32 and 32, and is exposed between the divided cutters 32 and 32 when enlarged. Thus, a set of two cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 34, each of which is a cutter expansion / contraction drive device configured to expand / contract the divided cutters 32, 32, is provided above and below the soil retention member 33. .
[0019]
The divided cutter 32 is formed by connecting a plurality of columnar frames 36 in a rectangular frame frame 35 in a slanted lattice pattern at regular intervals, and is surrounded by the columnar frames 36 and between the columnar frame 36 and the frame frame 35. A penetrating space is formed in the earth and sand intake 37. A large number of cutter bits 38 and 39 project from the outer periphery of the frame frame 35 and the front surface of the columnar frame 36 at predetermined intervals. The earth retaining member 33 has a plate shape, and is formed with a communication hole 33 a that overlaps with the earth and sand intake 37 when the divided cutter 32 is reduced. Two cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 34 each having an output rod connected to the divided cutter 32 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the earth retaining member 33.
[0020]
Therefore, by displacing the divided cutter to the outside by the cutter expansion / contraction cylinder 34 corresponding to the widening of the shield body 1, the excavation area can be expanded and the contact area to the facet can be increased. Drilling is possible. Note that four tip ends of the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are connected to the back surface of the divided cutter 32, and the support position of the cutter head 2 is displaced by the enlarged movement of the divided cutter 32. However, the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are displaced. With this control, the cutter head 2 can be easily driven for excavation while being held in a normal posture.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 4, a mud pipe 7 </ b> A and a mud pipe 7 </ b> B are penetrated and connected to the center partition wall 11 of the shield body 1, and an agitator 8 for earth and sand agitation is provided. As shown in FIG. 7, an erector device 9 for assembling the segment S is disposed at the rear of the shield body. In this erector device 9, a revolving frame 43 that can be swung around a shield axis is disposed on a movable frame 42 that is guided by an upper and lower rail 41 and can be shifted in the width direction. A revolving link arm 44 is attached to the revolving frame 43. A segment holding device 45 is provided on the outer peripheral side so as to be freely retractable. Then, it is possible to construct a primary lining body that gradually expands or contracts by combining a plurality of types of segments S corresponding to the width of the shield body 1 to be expanded or contracted. In addition, a plurality of propulsion jacks 10 for propelling the shield main body 1 using the existing segment S assembled by the erector device 9 as a reaction force receiver are provided at the rear part of the shield main body 1. The propulsion jack 10 is added or removed as necessary in accordance with the expansion / contraction width of the shield body 1.
[0022]
In the above configuration, when excavating a tunnel with a narrow width to a wide width, the hydraulic oil supplied and discharged from the hydraulic pump is controlled by a cutter drive control device (not shown), and the cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H are controlled to expand and contract. The head 2.2 is reciprocated or revolved in the left-right direction and the up-down direction in a plane orthogonal to the shield axis, and excavates natural ground by the cutter bits 34 and 35. The excavation reaction force at this time is offset and attenuated by the shield body 1 via the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H by driving the cutter heads 2 and 2 in the relative directions. Then, the excavated sediment is taken into the pressure chamber 6 from the sediment intake 37, mixed with the mud supplied from the mud pipe 7A, and stirred by the agitator 8 to give appropriate fluidity, and then the mud is discharged. It is discharged from the tube 7B. Also, the cutter heads 2 and 2 are operated to move in parallel in the front-rear direction according to the soil quality and excavation conditions, and to tilt with respect to the plane perpendicular to the shield axis by controlling the expansion and contraction of the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H. It is possible to excavate well by inserting.
[0023]
Then, the driving stroke of the cutter heads 2 and 2 is gradually widened outwardly to dig a wide tunnel. At this time, if necessary, the cutter expansion / contraction cylinder 34 is advanced and the divided cutter 32 is moved away from each other, so that the lateral width of the excavation surface is increased to increase the contact area to the cutting face, thereby stably excavating. Can do. Then, the width expanding / contracting cylinder 3 is advanced in accordance with the tunnel width, and the movable body portions 1B and 1B are respectively projected and moved outward. Then, the segment S is assembled according to the tunnel width by the erector device 9 to perform primary lining, and the propulsion jack 10 is advanced by using the assembled segment S as a reaction force receiver to advance the shield body 1. This is repeated to excavate a tunnel that gradually becomes wider. Further, when the movable body portions 1B and 1B are protruded by a predetermined amount, the propulsion jack 10 is newly incorporated.
[0024]
In addition, when excavating a tunnel having a wide width to a narrow width, the excavation can be performed in the reverse procedure. In addition, it is possible to easily cope with a tunnel where the excavation width widens or narrows along the way, and continuous excavation is possible.
[0025]
According to the above-described embodiment, the cutter head is driven by the cutter driving devices 4 and 4 constituting the parallel link manipulator by the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H. Since the two excavation surfaces can be reduced or expanded, excavation can be performed while keeping the face face wide, and a tunnel that is gradually reduced or expanded can be stably excavated.
[0026]
Further, the excavation reaction force can be offset by driving the pair of left and right cutter heads 2 and 2 in the relative direction to excavate the natural ground, so that the posture of the shield body 1 can be stabilized.
[0027]
Furthermore, since the parallel link manipulator is configured with eight cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H of the cutter driving device 4, the rectangular cutter head 2 can be stably supported and transmitted power at four locations.
In the above embodiment, the cutter head 2 is formed in a diagonal lattice shape when viewed from the front. FIGS. 13 and 14 show a second embodiment in which a rectangular earth and sand intake 57 is formed.
[0028]
In other words, the cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism 51 has the same configuration as that of the previous embodiment, and the cutter head 50 is divided into left and right divided cutters 52 and 52, and is slidably incorporated in the divided cutters 52 and 52, and is divided when enlarged. A set of two cutter expansion / contraction cylinders, which is a cutter expansion / contraction drive device that is constituted by a soil retaining member 53 that is exposed between the cutters 52, 52 and can be earthed, and that moves the divided cutters 52, 52 up and down of the soil retaining member 53. 54 is provided.
[0029]
In the divided cutter 52, a plurality of horizontally or vertically long rectangular earth and sand intakes 57 are formed in a rectangular face plate frame 55. A large number of cutter bits 58 and 59 project from the outer peripheral portion and the front surface of the face plate frame 55 at predetermined intervals. The earth retaining member 53 has a plate shape, and is formed with a communication hole 53a that overlaps with the earth and sand intake 57 when the divided cutter 52 is reduced. Two cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 54 each having an output rod connected to the divided cutter 52 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the earth retaining member 33.
[0030]
FIGS. 15 to 18 show a third embodiment of the cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism 61, which is a center cutter which is a divided cutter in which a plurality of horizontal frame portions 62b are attached to a vertical frame portion 62a in a cross shape at regular intervals. The frame 62 and a pair of left and right comb blade side cutter frames 63, 63, which are split cutters having a comb blade frame portion 63b projecting from the side frame portion 63a, are loosely fitted together to form the cutter head 60, A space portion between the horizontal frame portion 62 b and the comb blade frame portion 63 b is formed in the earth and sand intake 67. Cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 64 and 64 for moving the side cutters 63 and 63 closer to and away from the center cutter frame 62 are disposed on the horizontal frame portion 62b in the vertical position. The horizontal frame part 62b of the center cutter frame 62 has a reinforcing frame part 62c connected to the tip part, and the reinforcing frame part 63c is also connected between the tip parts of the comb blade frame part 63b of the side cutter frame 63. Cutter bits 68 and 69 are attached to the front surface of the center cutter frame 62 and the outer peripheral surface and front surface of the side cutter frame 63, respectively.
[0031]
According to the third embodiment, the width of the excavation surface is increased by the center cutter frame 62 and the side cutter frames 63, 63 having the frame portions 62b, 62c, 63b that can be loosely fitted to each other by opening the earth and sand intake 67. Since it can be enlarged and reduced, the cutter bits 69 can be arranged almost evenly on the excavation surface even at the time of enlargement, a uniform excavation capability can be obtained on the entire excavation surface, and the excavation capability can be biased. Absent. Furthermore, the area of the earth and sand intake 67 can be increased as the excavation area increases, which is convenient.
[0032]
19 to 20 show a third embodiment of the cutter expansion / contraction mechanism 71. A cutter head 70 is formed by comb blade cutter frames 72, 72 which are a pair of left and right cutter frames, and these comb blade cutter frames. A pair of upper and lower cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 74, 74, which are cutter expansion / contraction drive devices that move the 72, 72 close and separate, are provided.
[0033]
That is, the comb blade cutter frame 72 is provided with end comb blade frame portions 72b at the upper end portion and lower end portion of the side frame portion 72a, and with a predetermined gap between the end comb blade frame portions 72a. The intermediate comb blade frame part 72c which meshes is provided, and the earth and sand intake 77 is formed in the space between the comb blade frame parts 72b and 72c. The upper and lower intermediate comb blade frames 72c each have a cutter expansion / contraction cylinder 74 built therein, and the output rod 74a is connected to the side frame portion 72a of the comb blade cutter 72 facing the other. A guide hole 72d is formed in the shaft center portion, and guide rods 72e connected to the side frame portions 72a of the comb blade cutter 72 facing each other are slidably fitted. Cutter bits 78 and 79 project from the outer peripheral surface and front surface of each side frame portion 72a and end comb blade frame portion 72b, and a cutter bit 79 projects from the front surface of the intermediate comb blade frame portion 72c.
[0034]
Therefore, by expanding and contracting the cutter expansion / contraction cylinder 74, the comb blade-shaped cutter frames can be moved closer to and away from each other, and the width of the excavation surface can be enlarged and reduced to the left and right. Since the guide rod 72e is exposed to the expanded earth and sand taking-in space in a transverse state, the guide rod 72e serves as a soil retaining member and can be stably excavated. In addition, since the cutter bits 79 are evenly distributed when the lateral width is increased, a uniform excavation ability can be obtained over the entire excavation surface. Furthermore, the area of the earth and sand intake 77 can be increased as the excavation area increases, which is convenient.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention, when excavating a large-diameter tunnel having a wide face surface, the cutter head expansion mechanism enlarges the excavation area of the cutter head, The area where the earth pressure is kept in contact can be expanded, and stable excavation can be performed even if the area to be excavated increases.
[0036]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the earth retaining member is exposed to the portion where there is no divided cutter and the ground is held even when the cutter head is enlarged, the face is kept stable in a wide range. Drilling is possible.
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 3, the frame part can be uniformly distributed and arranged on the cutting surface by separating the cutter frame and separating the fitted frame part, and the width of the excavation surface is increased. However, the excavation ability of the excavation surface can be made uniform by the cutter bit provided in the frame portion, and there is no uneven distribution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of an enlarged state of a cutter head showing a first embodiment of an expansion / contraction type shield machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a reduced state of the cutter head.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shield machine.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of the shield main body.
FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway plan view of the shield machine.
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the shield machine.
FIG. 8 is a rear view of the shield machine in an enlarged state.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a basic configuration of a cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIG. 10 is a plan sectional view in a reduced state showing the cutter driving device.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan sectional view showing the cutter driving device.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a rotary joint of the cutter driving device.
FIG. 13 is a front view of an enlarged state of a cutter head showing a second embodiment of an expansion / contraction type shield machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a front view of the cutter head in a reduced state.
FIG. 15 is a front view of an enlarged state of a cutter head showing a third embodiment of an expansion / contraction type shield machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a front view of the cutter head in a reduced state.
17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II shown in FIG.
18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III shown in FIG.
FIG. 19 is a front view of an enlarged state of a cutter head showing a fourth embodiment of an expansion / contraction type shield machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a front view of the cutter head in a reduced state.
21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV shown in FIG.
22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV shown in FIG.
23 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield body 1A Fixed trunk | drum 1B Movable trunk | drum 2,50,60,70 Cutter head 3 Width expansion / contraction cylinder 4 Cutter drive device 5A-5H Cutter drive cylinder 6 Pressure chamber 31,51,61,71 Cutter expansion / contraction mechanism 32,52 Divided cutters 33, 53 Dirt members 33a, 53a Communication holes 34, 54, 64, 74 Cutter expansion / contraction cylinders 37, 57, 67, 77 Sediment intake ports 38, 58, 68, 78 Cutter bits 39, 59, 69, 79 Cutter bits 62 Side cutter frame 63 Center cutter frame 72 Comb blade cutter frame

Claims (3)

A cutter head having an excavation surface smaller than the cross section of the shield body is arranged at the front of the shield body,
A body enlargement / reduction mechanism is provided on the shield body, the width of which can be enlarged / reduced,
A cutter driving device is provided that constitutes a parallel link manipulator with a plurality of telescopic actuators whose front end is rotatably connected to the cutter head and whose rear end is rotatably connected to the shield body,
An expansion / contraction type shield excavator characterized in that a cutter expansion / contraction mechanism capable of expanding / reducing the width of an excavation surface is provided in the cutter head. The cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism is composed of a plurality of divided cutters, a soil retaining member that is exposed between the divided cutters when the divided cutters are enlarged and can be earthed, and a cutter enlargement / reduction drive device that moves the divided cutters. The expansion-contraction type shield machine according to claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The cutter enlargement / reduction mechanism is composed of a plurality of cutter frames that can move the approaching / separating movement and fitting the frame portions to each other to enlarge / reduce the width of the cutting surface, and a cutter enlargement / reduction drive device that moves the cutter frames closer to and away from each other. The expansion / contraction type shield machine according to claim 1.

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