JP3810827B2 - Production method of tea leaf saponin - Google Patents
Production method of tea leaf saponin Download PDFInfo
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- JP3810827B2 JP3810827B2 JP13773795A JP13773795A JP3810827B2 JP 3810827 B2 JP3810827 B2 JP 3810827B2 JP 13773795 A JP13773795 A JP 13773795A JP 13773795 A JP13773795 A JP 13773795A JP 3810827 B2 JP3810827 B2 JP 3810827B2
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- tea
- saponin
- lower alcohol
- extraction
- tea leaves
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、茶葉サポニンの製造法に関する。さらに詳しくは様々な薬理活性を有する茶葉サポニンを工業的に有利に製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
茶葉サポニンは、茶葉に約0.3%程度含まれ(乾燥重量に対し)、これまでに抗炎症作用、抗アレルギー作用、抗潰瘍作用、血圧降下作用、抗肥満作用、好中球賦活作用が見いだされている。茶葉サポニンは、数種の構造の似たサポニンの混合物で、そのうちの主要なサポニンであるテアサポニンB1には、下記式(I)
【0003】
【化1】
【0004】
で表わされる構造が決定されている(Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 58, 2036, 1994)。また茶種子に含まれるサポニンは、茶葉サポニンとは構造が異なり、溶血性は茶葉サポニンの方がはるかに低いという違いがある。
【0005】
特開昭60−123424号には、茶サポニンを主成分として含む保健剤に関し、半発酵の葉、葉柄、種子および/または果実を脂溶性有機溶媒で脱脂して得た原料茶を、温水で膨潤させ、低級脂肪族アルコールで抽出し、100℃以下の温度で減圧下に溶媒を留去させて得たエキスを水とn−ブタノールで分配処理し、ブタノ−ル層から溶媒を留去せしめるか、該エキスを水に溶かしポリスチレン系樹脂に吸着させ、低級脂肪族アルコールで溶出させ、溶媒留去して茶サポニンを製造する方法が開示されている。
【0006】
また、特開平7−61993号公報には、茶葉サポニン類の製造法および茶葉サポニン類を含む製剤に関し、(1)茶葉をそのまま、あるいは茶葉を蒸熱したものを準備し、(2)有機溶剤で処理して脱脂した後含水低級アルコールで抽出するか、あるいは含水低級アルコールで抽出した後有機溶剤で処理して脱脂し、(3)カテキン類を除去し、次いで(4)クロマトグラフィーに付して茶葉サポニン類を分離し取得する茶葉サポニン類の製造法が開示されている。
【0007】
しかしながら、前記特開昭60−123424号公報の方法では、茶葉の場合、サポニンより100倍程度含有量の多いタンニン(カテキン類)がほとんど除去できず、茶サポニンというよりも、フラボノイドを含む茶タンニンを製造することになる。また葉に含まれるサポニンと、種子に含まれるサポニンは、化学構造も生理活性も異なるにもかかわらす、両者は区別されていない。
【0008】
特開平7−61993号公報の方法では、カテキン類やフラボノイド類を含まないサポニン混合物が得られるが、多量の有機溶媒を使用しなければならないといった難点がある。
本発明者らは、様々な薬理活性を有し、有用性が見込まれる茶葉サポニンを、有機溶媒をできるだけ使用せず、簡便な方法で、安価に製造する方法を開発すべく研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成した。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
それ故、本発明の目的は、茶葉サポニンの製造方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、茶葉サポニンを簡便に安価で工業的に有利に製造する方法を提供することにある。
本発明のさらに他の目的および利点は以下の説明から明らかになろう。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、本発明の上記目的および利点は、茶葉の熱湯抽出残渣を含水低級アルコールで抽出することを特徴とする茶葉サポニンの製造法によって達成される。
茶葉サポニンは、水よりも低級アルコールあるいは含水低級アルコールにより、葉から効率よく抽出されるが、同時に多量のタンニン(カテキン類)や、クロロフィルなどを含む脂溶性成分も抽出され、後からこれらを除去するのに多量の有機溶媒が必要となる。
【0011】
本発明では、茶葉の熱湯抽出残渣が用いられる。茶葉を熱湯処理することにより、不用なタンニン(カテキン類)やカフェインその他熱水に易溶性の成分が除去される。
茶葉としては、茶葉そのまま、蒸熱した茶葉あるいは通常の製茶加工を行った茶葉のいずれを用いることもできる。通常の製茶加工を行った茶葉としては、例えば緑茶、烏龍茶または紅茶を挙げることができる。また、茶葉としてはカメリア シネンシス L(Camellia Sinensis L.)が好ましい。
【0012】
茶葉の熱湯抽出は80℃以上の温度で実施するのが好ましい。90℃以上の温度がより好ましい。抽出時間は10分以上が好ましく、15分以上がさらに好ましい。抽出に用いる熱湯の量は茶葉が十分に浸る量が好ましい。通常、茶葉の乾燥重量の10倍程度が目安となる。熱湯の量は多いほどタンニン(カテキン類)の除去効率は向上する。
熱湯抽出の回数は1回〜数回、例えば5回に及ぶことができる。1回の抽出で約1/3のタンニンが除去できるが、望ましくは2回以上である。
この熱湯処理によるサポニンの損失は僅かで、大半は未変化のまま茶葉中に残存する。
【0013】
熱湯抽出残渣としては、飲料に供した後の茶がらや、最近その有用性が注目されている茶葉カテキン類を熱湯抽出法により抽出した残渣を用いることもできる。これは産業廃棄物の有効利用にもなる。
茶葉の熱湯抽出残渣は、含水低級アルコールで抽出される。抽出前に、必要に応じ、熱湯抽出残渣を搾汁してタンニンを含む熱湯抽出液を可及的に除去するのが好ましい。
【0014】
含水低級アルコールによる抽出によりサポニンを抽出する。低級アルコールとしては、例えばメタノールあるいはエタノールいずれかが好ましい。食品に利用するにはエタノ−ルが好まれる。アルコール濃度が高いほど脂溶性成分が多く溶出し、水に対する溶解性が低下する。含水低級アルコールとしては、30〜50重量%の水と70〜50重量%の低級アルコーからなるものが好ましい。
【0015】
次いで、含水低級アルコールで抽出された抽出液を、必要に応じ、水不溶性ポリビニルピロリドンで処理するかあるいは酢酸エチルにより抽出処理して、該抽出液中に存在するカテキン類を除去する工程をさらに実施することができる。
熱湯抽出残渣は、好ましいものにあっては茶葉が含有するカテキン類の7〜8割が除去されているが、それでも残存するカテキン類の量はサポニンの量を上回るのが普通である。含水低級アルコールによる抽出で残存するカテキン類の全てが抽出されるわけではないが、抽出液から純度の高いサポニンを得るためには、上記の如くカテキン類を除去する操作を行うのが好ましい。カテキン類を除去するには、抽出液を水不溶性ポリビニルピロリドンすなわち架橋したポリビニルピロリドンで処理するかあるいは酢酸エチルにより抽出処理する。すなわち水不溶性ポリビニルピロリドンにカテキン類を吸着させて除去するかあるいは酢酸エチルに溶解させて除去する。
【0016】
また、必要に応じ、含水低級アルコールで抽出された抽出液から、カテキン類を除去する工程を実施する前にまたは実施した後に、抽出溶媒を留去することもできる。これによって、茶葉サポニンを含むエキスが得られる。また、得られたエキスを噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等により乾燥することにより、含有量40%前後の茶葉サポニンが得られる。減圧濃縮は、40℃以下で行うことが望ましい。アルコール存在下で長期間高温処理すると、茶葉サポニンの個々の成分の構造変化が生じる恐れがあるからである。
あるいは、抽出溶媒を留去するのではなく、抽出液をクロマトグラフィーにかけ、茶葉サポニンを分離してもよい。この場合、純度90%以上の茶葉サポニン混合物が得られる。
【0017】
クロマトグラフィーはシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー、浸水型逆相充填剤カラムクロマトグラフィーおよび合成吸着剤カラムクロマトグラフィーよりなる群から選らばれる1つ又は2つ以上の組合せであることができる。
シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーでは、クロロホルム/メタノール/水の混液、例えばこの順の容積比が2〜3/1/0.1〜0.2の混液で溶出するのが好ましい。
また、浸水型逆相充填剤カラムクロマトグラフィーおよび合成吸着剤カラムクロマトグラフィーでは、水、メタノールまたはこれらの任意の割合の混液で溶出するのが好ましい。就中/水から水/メタノール、メタノールへと順次濃度を変えて溶出するのが好ましい。
薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)でサポニンを検出してサポニン分画を集めることにより、茶葉サポニン類を得る。
【0018】
本発明方法により得られる茶葉サポニン類は下記式(I)
【0019】
【化2】
【0020】
で表わされるサポニンを少なくとも含有する。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳述する。本発明はこれらの実施例により何等制限されるものではない。
【0022】
[試験例1] タンニン除去のための熱湯抽出温度の検討
サポニンが変化せず、かつカテキン類が効率よく抽出される熱湯の温度を検討した。すなわち、緑茶(煎茶)5gに50、60、70、80、90℃の熱湯50mlを加え、10分間抽出を行った。ネルろ過後、各熱湯抽出液についてタンニンの比色定量を行い、温度の違いによるタンニン抽出率の差を比較した。結果は、90℃の熱湯抽出による抽出率が最も高く、5.2%であった(表1)。
【0023】
次に、熱湯処理する前の煎茶と、各温度で熱湯抽出した後の茶がらにメタノール50mlを加え、室温で30分間抽出後ろ過し、メタノール抽出液をセプパックで前処理してHPLC分析を行い、サポニンの変化の有無を調べた。その結果、それぞれのクロマトグラムに変化はみられず、高温の熱湯抽出によるサポニンの変化と損失はないものと思われた。
【0024】
【表1】
【0025】
[試験例2] 熱湯抽出の回数の検討
より効率的にカテキン類を除去するための熱湯抽出の回数を検討した。
煎茶5gを90℃の熱湯50mlで、▲1▼1回、▲2▼2回および▲3▼3回、10分間抽出し、それぞれの熱湯抽出液中のタンニン量を比色定量した。また、それぞれの茶がらを50mlの50%エタノールで抽出後ろ過し、その抽出液についてタンニンの比色定量およびHPLC分析(セプパック処理後)を行った。
その結果、熱湯抽出1回(▲1▼)で3.7%、2回(▲2▼)で6.1%、3回(▲3▼)で6.9%タンニンが抽出され、それぞれの50%エタノール抽出によるタンニンの抽出率は▲1▼で4.9%であったのに対し、▲2▼で3.3%(▲1▼の67.3%)、▲3▼で2.5%(▲1▼の51.0%)であった(表2)。これらの結果より、煩雑さとタンニンの除去率を考え合わせると、熱湯抽出の回数は2回が適当であると思われた。
【0026】
【表2】
【0027】
[試験例3] サポニン抽出のためのエタノール濃度の検討
煎茶(870904入手)10gを熱湯抽出後ネルろ過し、茶がらに100mlの40、50、60、70、80%エタノールおよび100%メタノール(コントロール)を加えて室温で一晩抽出し、各抽出液について酒精度測定(酒精計:日本計量器工業(株))、TLCおよびHPLC分析(セプパック処理後)を行った。TLCの結果、どの抽出液からもサポニンは検出されたが、夾雑物が異なっていた。すなわち、エタノール濃度が高いほど葉緑素が多く、低いほどフラボノイドが多かった。HPLC分析の結果、サポニン抽出率は40%エタノール抽出でやや低かった他はほぼ同程度であった(表3)。以上の結果から、サポニンを抽出するための溶媒中のエタノール濃度は50〜70%が適当であると思われた。
【0028】
【表3】
【0029】
[試験例4] エタノールによるサポニン抽出のための抽出時間の検討
煎茶10gを熱湯抽出後ネルろ過し、茶がらに100mlの60%エタノールを加えて室温で抽出を行い、1、3、5時間、1、2、5日間後に抽出液を1mlずつ取り、セプパック処理後、TLCおよびHPLC分析を行った。TLCの結果、各抽出時間後の抽出液中のサポニンの量は3時間以降ではあまり差がみられなかったが、夾雑物については抽出時間が長くなるに従って多く抽出され、特にフラボノイドや葉緑素が増加したようであった。また、HPLC分析の結果、サポニン抽出率は1時間抽出でやや低かった他はほぼ同程度であった(表4)。以上の結果より、含水エタノールによる抽出の時間は3時間以上がよいと思われた。
【0030】
【表4】
【0031】
[試験例5] エタノール抽出液の濃縮温度の検討
50%エタノール抽出液を濃縮する際、加熱によりサポニンが変化するかどうかを検討した。すなわち、試験例3において調製した50%エタノール抽出液を、約1/4量になるまで80℃で自然濃縮、あるいは40℃で減圧濃縮(対照)した後、セプパックで前処理してからHPLC分析を行った。80℃で自然濃縮したものについて40℃で減圧濃縮したものと比較した結果、主要なピークの割合が小さくなり、他のピークの割合が大きくなっていた(表5)。80℃の加熱によりサポニンのピーク比に変化がみられたため、高温下での濃縮は不適当であると思われた。
【0032】
【表5】
【0033】
[実施例1−茶葉サポニンの製造]
静岡産の煎茶100kgを使用し、90℃の熱湯で15分間抽出する操作を3回行った。冷却後、熱湯により膨潤した茶葉にエタノ−ル500リットルと精製水を加え、50%エタノールになるように調製した。室温で約1日間抽出し、ろ過した。抽出液に水不溶性ポリビニルピロリドン(商品名:ポリクラーSB−100、五協産業(株))を16kg加え、18時間攪拌処理した。ろ過後、処理液を40℃で減圧濃縮にかけ、さらに凍結乾燥をおこない、薄緑色の粉末(茶葉サポニン)1120gを得た。得られたサポニンをHPLCで分析した結果、純サポニン含有量は55.5%と計算された。
【0034】
[実施例2−茶葉サポニンの精製]
実施例1で製造した茶葉サポニン10gを40%メタノールに溶解し、浸水型逆相充填剤(商品名:COSMOSIL C18-OPN(ナカライテスク))を充填したオープンカラムクロマトグラフィー(300ml)にかけ、40〜 100%のメタノールで溶出した。薄層クロマトグラフィーでサポニンを検出し、サポニン分画を集め、サポニン混合物4.23gを得た。得られたサポニンをHPLCで分析した結果、サポニン純度はほぼ100%と計算された。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明による茶葉サポニンの製造法によれば、除カテキン処理をポリビニルポリピロリドンによって行った場合、使用する溶媒は、エタノール等低級アルコール1種のみでよく、有機溶媒の保管や処理の問題が従来法にくらべ軽減される。また使用する溶媒の量もかなり低減できる。さらに飲用に供した後の茶がらが原料として利用できるので、実用的価値も高い。また、本法を基本にしてこれにクロマトグラフィー等の分離手段を組み合わせれば、さらに純度の高いサポニン混合物を得ることができ、食品分野のみならず医薬品、医薬部外品など、様々な利用分野に適用できる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing tea leaf saponin. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for industrially advantageously producing tea leaf saponins having various pharmacological activities.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tea leaf saponin is contained in about 0.3% of tea leaves (based on dry weight) and has so far had anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-ulcer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and neutrophil-activating effects. Has been found. Tea leaf saponin is a mixture of several saponins having similar structures, and the main saponin, thea saponin B1, has the following formula (I):
[0003]
[Chemical 1]
[0004]
(Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 58, 2036, 1994). The saponin contained in tea seeds is different in structure from the tea leaf saponin, and the hemolysis is much lower in the tea leaf saponin.
[0005]
JP-A-60-123424 relates to a health agent containing tea saponin as a main component, and a raw tea obtained by defatting semi-fermented leaves, petiole, seeds and / or fruits with a fat-soluble organic solvent is obtained with warm water. The extract obtained by swelling, extracting with a lower aliphatic alcohol, and distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower is distributed with water and n-butanol to distill off the solvent from the butanol layer. Alternatively, a method is disclosed in which tea saponin is produced by dissolving the extract in water, adsorbing it onto a polystyrene resin, eluting it with a lower aliphatic alcohol, and evaporating the solvent.
[0006]
JP-A-7-61993 discloses a method for producing tea leaf saponins and a preparation containing tea leaf saponins, including (1) preparing tea leaves as they are or steaming tea leaves, and (2) using an organic solvent. Extracted with hydrous lower alcohol after treatment and degreasing, or extracted with hydrous lower alcohol and treated with organic solvent to degrease, (3) remove catechins, then (4) subject to chromatography A method for producing tea saponins by separating and obtaining tea saponins is disclosed.
[0007]
However, in the method disclosed in JP-A-60-123424, in the case of tea leaves, tannin (catechins) having a content about 100 times higher than that of saponin can hardly be removed, and tea tannin containing flavonoid rather than tea saponin. Will be manufactured. Further, saponins contained in leaves and saponins contained in seeds are not distinguished from each other even though they have different chemical structures and physiological activities.
[0008]
In the method of JP-A-7-61993, a saponin mixture containing no catechins or flavonoids can be obtained, but there is a problem that a large amount of organic solvent must be used.
As a result of repeated research to develop a method for producing tea leaf saponin having various pharmacological activities and promising usefulness by using an organic solvent as much as possible and using a simple method at low cost. The present invention has been completed.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tea saponin.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tea leaf saponin conveniently and inexpensively and industrially advantageously.
Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the above-mentioned objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by a method for producing tea saponins characterized by extracting tea leaf hot water extraction residue with water-containing lower alcohol.
Tea saponins are extracted from leaves more efficiently by lower alcohol or water-containing lower alcohol than water, but at the same time, a large amount of tannins (catechins) and fat-soluble components including chlorophyll are also extracted and later removed. This requires a large amount of organic solvent.
[0011]
In the present invention, a hot water extraction residue of tea leaves is used. By treating the tea leaves with boiling water, unnecessary tannins (catechins), caffeine and other components that are readily soluble in hot water are removed.
As tea leaves, either tea leaves as they are, steamed tea leaves, or tea leaves that have undergone normal tea processing can be used. Examples of tea leaves that have undergone normal tea processing include green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. As tea leaves, Camellia Sinensis L. is preferable.
[0012]
The hot water extraction of tea leaves is preferably carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher. A temperature of 90 ° C. or higher is more preferable. The extraction time is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 15 minutes or more. The amount of hot water used for extraction is preferably such that tea leaves are sufficiently immersed. Usually, the standard is about 10 times the dry weight of tea leaves. The removal efficiency of tannin (catechins) improves as the amount of hot water increases.
The number of hot water extractions can range from 1 to several times, for example, 5 times. Although about 1/3 of tannin can be removed by one extraction, it is preferably two or more times.
Loss of saponin by this hot water treatment is small, and most remains in tea leaves unchanged.
[0013]
As the hot water extraction residue, a residue obtained by extracting hot tea catechins, which have been attracting attention recently, from tea tea after being used for beverages, can also be used. This also makes effective use of industrial waste.
The hot water extraction residue of tea leaves is extracted with hydrous lower alcohol. Before extraction, it is preferable to remove hot water extraction residue containing tannin as much as possible by squeezing hot water extraction residue as necessary.
[0014]
Saponin is extracted by extraction with hydrous lower alcohol. As the lower alcohol, for example, either methanol or ethanol is preferable. Ethanol is preferred for use in food. As the alcohol concentration is higher, more fat-soluble components are eluted and the solubility in water is lowered. The hydrous lower alcohol is preferably composed of 30 to 50% by weight water and 70 to 50% by weight lower alcohol.
[0015]
Next, the extract extracted with the hydrous lower alcohol is treated with water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone or extracted with ethyl acetate as necessary to further remove the catechins present in the extract. can do.
Although 70-80% of the catechins contained in the tea leaves are removed in the hot water extraction residue, the amount of the remaining catechins usually exceeds the amount of saponin. Although not all of the remaining catechins are extracted by extraction with a hydrous lower alcohol, in order to obtain high-purity saponins from the extract, it is preferable to perform the operation of removing catechins as described above. In order to remove catechins, the extract is treated with water-insoluble polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ie, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or extracted with ethyl acetate. That is, catechins are adsorbed and removed by water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone or dissolved in ethyl acetate for removal.
[0016]
Further, if necessary, the extraction solvent can be distilled off before or after the step of removing catechins from the extract extracted with the hydrous lower alcohol. As a result, an extract containing tea leaf saponin is obtained. Further, by drying the obtained extract by spray drying, freeze drying or the like, a tea leaf saponin having a content of about 40% can be obtained. The vacuum concentration is desirably performed at 40 ° C. or lower. This is because a high-temperature treatment in the presence of alcohol for a long time may cause structural changes in individual components of tea leaf saponin.
Alternatively, instead of distilling off the extraction solvent, the extract may be chromatographed to separate the tea leaf saponin. In this case, a tea leaf saponin mixture having a purity of 90% or more is obtained.
[0017]
The chromatography can be one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of silica gel column chromatography, submerged reverse phase filler column chromatography and synthetic adsorbent column chromatography.
In silica gel column chromatography, it is preferable to elute with a mixed solution of chloroform / methanol / water, for example, a mixed solution having a volume ratio in this order of 2/3 / 1.0.1 to 0.2.
In submerged reverse phase column chromatography and synthetic adsorbent column chromatography, it is preferable to elute with water, methanol or a mixture of these in any proportion. In particular, it is preferable to elute while changing the concentration sequentially from water / water to water / methanol and methanol.
Tea leaf saponins are obtained by detecting saponins by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and collecting saponin fractions.
[0018]
The tea saponins obtained by the method of the present invention are represented by the following formula (I)
[0019]
[Chemical 2]
[0020]
The saponin represented by these is contained at least.
[0021]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. The present invention is not limited in any way by these examples.
[0022]
[Test Example 1] Examination of hot water extraction temperature for tannin removal The temperature of hot water at which saponin did not change and catechins were efficiently extracted was examined. That is, 50 ml of hot water at 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 ° C. was added to 5 g of green tea (sencha), and extraction was performed for 10 minutes. After channel filtration, colorimetric determination of tannin was performed for each hot water extract, and the difference in tannin extraction rate due to the difference in temperature was compared. As a result, the extraction rate by hot water extraction at 90 ° C. was the highest and was 5.2% (Table 1).
[0023]
Next, 50 ml of methanol is added to Sencha before hot water treatment and tea tea extract after hot water extraction at each temperature, followed by extraction at room temperature for 30 minutes and filtration, and the methanol extract is pretreated with Seppak and subjected to HPLC analysis. The presence or absence of saponin changes was examined. As a result, no change was observed in each chromatogram, and it was considered that there was no change and loss of saponin due to extraction with hot water.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
[Test Example 2] The number of hot water extractions for efficiently removing catechins was examined from the examination of the number of hot water extractions.
5 g of sencha was extracted with 50 ml of hot water at 90 ° C. for (1) once, (2) twice and (3) three times for 10 minutes, and the amount of tannin in each hot water extract was colorimetrically determined. Further, each tea chaff was extracted with 50 ml of 50% ethanol and then filtered, and the extract was subjected to tannin colorimetric determination and HPLC analysis (after sepak treatment).
As a result, 3.7% tannin was extracted by hot water extraction (1) (3.7%), 2 times (2) (6.1%), and 3 times (3). The extraction rate of tannin by 50% ethanol extraction was 4.9% in (1), 3.3% in (2) (67.3% in (1)) and 2. in (3). It was 5% (51.0% of (1)) (Table 2). From these results, considering the complexity and the removal rate of tannin, it was considered that an appropriate number of hot water extractions was 2 times.
[0026]
[Table 2]
[0027]
[Test Example 3] Examination of ethanol concentration for saponin extraction 10 g of sencha (available from 870904) was extracted with hot water and then filtered, and 100 ml of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% ethanol and 100% methanol (control) in tea tea And extracted overnight at room temperature, and each extract was subjected to liquor accuracy measurement (Sake Seiki: Nippon Keiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.), TLC and HPLC analysis (after Seppak treatment). As a result of TLC, saponin was detected from any of the extracts, but impurities were different. That is, the higher the ethanol concentration, the more chlorophyll, and the lower, the more flavonoid. As a result of HPLC analysis, the saponin extraction rate was almost the same except that 40% ethanol extraction was slightly lower (Table 3). From the above results, it was considered that the ethanol concentration in the solvent for extracting saponin is appropriately 50 to 70%.
[0028]
[Table 3]
[0029]
[Test Example 4] Examination of extraction time for saponin extraction with ethanol 10 g of Sencha tea was extracted with hot water and then filtered, and 100 ml of 60% ethanol was added to the tea powder and extracted at room temperature for 1, 3, 5 hours, 1 After 2 or 5 days, 1 ml of the extract was taken and treated with sepc, followed by TLC and HPLC analysis. As a result of TLC, the amount of saponin in the extract after each extraction time did not show much difference after 3 hours, but more impurities were extracted as the extraction time became longer, especially flavonoids and chlorophyll increased. It was like that. Further, as a result of HPLC analysis, the saponin extraction rate was almost the same except that it was slightly low after 1 hour extraction (Table 4). From the above results, it was considered that the extraction time with hydrous ethanol should be 3 hours or more.
[0030]
[Table 4]
[0031]
[Test Example 5] Examination of concentration temperature of ethanol extract When concentrating a 50% ethanol extract, it was examined whether saponin was changed by heating. That is, the 50% ethanol extract prepared in Test Example 3 was naturally concentrated at 80 ° C. until it became about ¼ volume, or concentrated at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure (control), and then pretreated with Seppak, followed by HPLC analysis. Went. As a result of comparing the natural concentration at 80 ° C. with the concentration under reduced pressure at 40 ° C., the ratio of main peaks was decreased, and the ratio of other peaks was increased (Table 5). Since the peak ratio of saponin was changed by heating at 80 ° C., concentration at high temperature seemed inappropriate.
[0032]
[Table 5]
[0033]
[Example 1-Production of tea leaf saponin]
Using 100 kg of Shizuoka sencha, extraction with hot water at 90 ° C. for 15 minutes was performed 3 times. After cooling, 500 liters of ethanol and purified water were added to tea leaves swollen with hot water to prepare 50% ethanol. Extracted at room temperature for about 1 day and filtered. 16 kg of water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: Polyclar SB-100, Gokyo Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was added to the extract and stirred for 18 hours. After filtration, the treatment liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. and further freeze-dried to obtain 1120 g of light green powder (tea saponin). As a result of analyzing the obtained saponin by HPLC, the pure saponin content was calculated to be 55.5%.
[0034]
[Example 2-Purification of tea leaf saponin]
10 g of tea saponin produced in Example 1 was dissolved in 40% methanol and subjected to open column chromatography (300 ml) packed with a water-inverted reverse phase filler (trade name: COSMOSIL C18-OPN (Nacalai Tesque)). Elute with 100% methanol. Saponin was detected by thin layer chromatography, and saponin fractions were collected to obtain 4.23 g of a saponin mixture. As a result of analyzing the obtained saponin by HPLC, the saponin purity was calculated to be almost 100%.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing tea saponins according to the present invention, when the catechin removal treatment is performed with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, the solvent used may be only one kind of lower alcohol such as ethanol. It is reduced compared to Also, the amount of solvent used can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, since tea browns after drinking can be used as a raw material, the practical value is also high. In addition, if a separation means such as chromatography is combined with this method based on this method, a saponin mixture with higher purity can be obtained, and it can be used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and quasi drugs. Applicable to.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13773795A JP3810827B2 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Production method of tea leaf saponin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13773795A JP3810827B2 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Production method of tea leaf saponin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08333380A JPH08333380A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
| JP3810827B2 true JP3810827B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP13773795A Expired - Fee Related JP3810827B2 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Production method of tea leaf saponin |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4806135B2 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2011-11-02 | 株式会社叶匠壽庵 | Novel compounds, spikelets containing the same, and uses thereof |
| FR2842102B1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2005-10-28 | Cep | USE OF A TEA EXTRACT TO CONTROL THE RELEASE OF IL8, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE AND ITS INCORPORATION INTO COSMETIC AND / OR DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS |
| KR101102480B1 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2012-01-05 | 노부유키 하야시 | Extraction method using pressurized heating medium and device |
| JP4748707B2 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2011-08-17 | 小川香料株式会社 | New saponin compounds |
| JP4828135B2 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2011-11-30 | 小川香料株式会社 | Inhibitor of cholesterol uptake into lipid micelles |
| EP2045248B1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2013-09-25 | Kao Corporation | Method for preventing coloration of catechins and dentifrice composition |
| CN102746366B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-07-01 | 岳西县未来农业发展有限公司 | Method for extracting tea saponin from camellia oleifera cake |
| CN103012544B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-02 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of method extracting saponin and polysaccharide from tea seed grouts |
| CN103980340B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | 湖北宜恒茶油产业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of method of utilizing enzyme process binding film technology to prepare high-purity tea saponin |
| JP6925728B2 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2021-08-25 | カーリットホールディングス株式会社 | Manufacturing method of chlorophylls |
| CN112047995A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳市天同玩具有限公司 | Tea saponin draws equipment |
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1995
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| JPH08333380A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
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