JP3834833B2 - Method for producing acylated nitrocellulose - Google Patents
Method for producing acylated nitrocellulose Download PDFInfo
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- JP3834833B2 JP3834833B2 JP10316895A JP10316895A JP3834833B2 JP 3834833 B2 JP3834833 B2 JP 3834833B2 JP 10316895 A JP10316895 A JP 10316895A JP 10316895 A JP10316895 A JP 10316895A JP 3834833 B2 JP3834833 B2 JP 3834833B2
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- Prior art keywords
- nitrocellulose
- catalyst
- acylated
- nitrate
- reaction
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- GPFIZJURHXINSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nitric acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.O[N+]([O-])=O GPFIZJURHXINSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBRKOUXBNIVVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)(O)[O-].C(CCCCC)(=O)O Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].C(CCCCC)(=O)O IBRKOUXBNIVVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PKHMTIRCAFTBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCC PKHMTIRCAFTBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical group CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkyl carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、セルロ−スアセテ−トナイトレ−トに代表されるアシル化ニトロセルロ−スの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アシル化ニトロセルロ−スは、ニトロセルロ−スを有機溶媒中で無水酢酸等の酸無水物と反応させることにより得られる。この反応には、従来、硫酸あるいはピリジン等の触媒が用いられてきた(特開昭56−82849号公報参照)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
硫酸触媒を用いてアシル化する場合、硫酸の一部がセルロ−スに結合して硫酸エステル基を形成する。この硫酸エステル基は生成物の安定性を損なうため、精製工程で無置換の水酸基に変換する工程が一般に必要となる。
【0004】
また、硫酸触媒は硝酸エステル基の分解反応を伴うため、アシル化反応のみを選択的に行うことができない。従ってこの製造方法では、原料ニトロセルロ−ス中の水酸基を完全にアシル基に置換する事が出来ないという問題がある。
【0005】
更に、硫酸触媒を用いた場合、求める硝化度のアシル化ニトロセルロ−スを得るには、触媒量,反応時間および反応温度を厳密に制御しなければならないという問題がある。
【0006】
またピリジン触媒を用いた場合はアシル化の反応速度が遅いために、ニトロセルロ−ス中のほとんど全ての水酸基を短時間にアシル化することは困難であるという問題がある。
本発明の目的は、硫酸エステル基のない高品質のアシル化ニトロセルロースを簡便に早く製造する方法を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、ニトロセルロースに対して良溶媒であり、かつ水溶性である有機溶媒にニトロセルロースを溶解し、該混合溶液に触媒を溶解後、炭素数1〜6のアルキルカルボン酸無水物からなるアシル化剤を滴下してニトロセルロース中の水酸基をアシル化する際、4−ジメチルアミノピリジンを触媒として原料ニトロセルロースに対して0.001〜10重量%用いることを特徴とする火薬用のアシル化ニトロセルロースの製造方法である。
【0008】
本発明に用いる有機溶媒は、ニトロセルロ−スに対して良溶媒であり、かつ水溶性であれば全てのものが使用可能である。それらの中ではアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、ピリジン等が好ましく用いられる。発熱反応であるアシル化反応が暴走した場合に、蒸発潜熱により反応溶液の温度上昇を防ぐことができるので、アセトンが最も好ましいものである。
その使用量は、ニトロセルロ−スに対して重量基準で10〜80倍量、好ましくは25〜50倍量、更に好ましくは35〜45倍量が用いられる。溶媒の量をニトロセルロ−スに対して10倍量より少なくした場合、反応溶液が高粘度となって充分な攪拌ができないため、反応速度が遅くなる。逆に溶媒の量をニトロセルロ−スに対して80倍量より多く用いても、それに見合う効果の増加はない。
【0009】
本発明に用いられるアシル化剤は、無水酢酸、プロピオン酸無水物、ヘキサン酸無水物等の炭素数1〜6のアルキルカルボン酸無水物が用いられる。
アシル化剤の使用量は、ニトロセルロ−ス中の水酸基に対して1〜20当モル量であり、好ましくは2〜10当モル量が用いられる。アシル化剤が1当モル量より少ない場合、全ての水酸基をアシル化することができない。逆にアシル化剤を10当モル量より多く用いても、それに見合う効果の増加はない。
【0010】
本発明の触媒には、4−ジメチルアミノピリジンが用いられる。
その使用量は、原料ニトロセルロ−スに対して0.001〜10重量%、好ましくは1〜10重量%、更に好ましくは5〜10重量%である。使用量が0.001重量%より少ない場合、充分なアシル化の反応速度が得られない。また使用量が10重量%より多い場合、それに見合う効果の増加はない。
【0011】
本発明には、従来公知の全てのニトロセルロースが用いられるが、その中でも硝化度が0.5〜2.5のニトロセルロ−スが好ましく用いられる。
ニトロセルロ−スの硝化度が0.5より少ない場合はアシル化ニトロセルロ−スの燃焼性が不十分であり、また硝化度が2.5より多い場合はアシル化ニトロセルロ−スの衝撃あるいは摩擦に対する安全性が不十分になる傾向にある。
【0012】
この製造方法において反応温度および反応時間は、4−ジメチルアミノピリジンおよびアシル化剤の使用量によって適宜選択されるが、温度は通常0〜50℃、好ましくは10〜30℃であり、反応時間は通常0.1〜10時間、好ましくは0.5〜5時間である。
例えば、4−ジメチルアミノピリジンをニトロセルロ−スに対して5重量%、アシル化剤をニトロセルロ−ス中の水酸基に対して10当モル量用いて室温で反応させた場合、アシル化剤の滴下直後にはほとんどの水酸基はアシル化され、1時間以内に反応が完結する。
【0013】
本発明の製造方法における操作手順を以下に説明する。
まず原料として用いるニトロセルロ−スを有機溶媒に溶解する。その際、アシル化剤は水分と反応して分解するため、有機溶剤又は有機溶媒とニトロセルロ−スの混合溶液から脱水しておくことは望ましいことである。
次にそこへ触媒として用いる4−ジメチルアミノピリジンを加えて溶解後、アシル化剤として用いる酸無水物を攪拌しながら少しづつ加える。酸無水物の急激な添加は、反応溶液の温度上昇を招くため好ましくない。
滴下終了後も更に攪拌を続けて十分に反応させた後、反応溶液を水中に投じてアシル化ニトロセルロースを析出させる。それを通常の水ないし温水で洗浄して不純物を除去することにより高品質のアシル化ニトロセルロースを得ることができる。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法では硝酸エステル基の分解あるいはエステル交換反応がほとんどおこらないため、得られるアシル化ニトロセルロ−スの硝化度は原料となるニトロセルロ−スの硝化度とほとんど変わらない。従って、火薬の力に対して重要な影響をおよぼす硝化度は、原料となるニトロセルロ−スの硝化度を選定するのみでよく、硫酸触媒を用いた製造方法のように厳密に反応を制御する必要がない。
【0015】
また、硝酸エステル基の安定性に悪影響を及ぼす硫酸を用いないことから、生成物中に硫酸が残存する事が無く、また従来法のように硫酸エステル基を水酸基に置換する工程をを必要としない。
【0016】
更に、ピリジン触媒を用いた製造方法に比べて迅速に反応が進行するため、短時間でアシル化ニトロセルロ−スを得ることができる。
【0017】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1
温度計、滴下ロート及び攪拌機を備えた容量5,000mlのパイレックス製セパラブルフラスコに、乾燥したニトロセルロ−ス75g(グルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.3及び0.7)を無水アセトン3,000mlに完全に溶解した。さらに、触媒となる4−ジメチルアミノピリジン5gを添加して溶解した。カルシウム管を備えた滴下ロ−トから無水酢酸150mlを反応温度が20℃になるように調整しながら添加した。滴下終了後、20℃で1時間更に攪拌して反応させた。その後、反応溶液を水中に投じ、セルロ−スアセテ−トナイトレ−トを析出させた。これを濾別し、温水でよく洗浄した。この後、60℃で真空乾燥した。
得られたセルロ−スアセテ−トナイトレ−トのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数(これらは元素分析法により測定された結果に基づいて所定の計算式より計算した。以後も同様である。)はそれぞれ2.3、0.7および0であった。
【0018】
実施例2
アシル化剤として無水酢酸のかわりにプロピオン酸無水物を使用すること以外は実施例1に準じて行い、セルロ−スプロピオネ−トナイトレ−トを得た。
分析の結果、得られたセルロ−スプロピオネ−トナイトレ−トのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、プロピオネ−ト基及び水酸基の平均存在個数は、それぞれ2.3、0.7および0であった。
【0019】
実施例3
アシル化剤として無水酢酸のかわりにヘキサン酸無水物を使用すること以外は実施例1に準じて行い、セルロ−スヘキサノエートナイトレートを得た。
分析の結果、得られたセルロ−スヘキサノエートナイトレートのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、ヘキサノエート基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.3、0.7及び0であった。
【0020】
実施例4
触媒としての4−ジメチルアミノピリジンを5gのかわりに0.5g使用すること以外は実施例1に準じて行い、セルロースアセテートナイトレートを得た。
分析の結果、得られたセルロースアセテートナイトレートのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.3、0.7及び0であった。
【0021】
実施例5
反応温度として20℃のかわりに0℃ですること以外は実施例1に準じて行なうことによりセルロースアセテートナイトレートを得た。
分析の結果、得られたセルロースアセテートナイトレートのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.3、0.7及び0であった。
【0022】
比較例1
触媒として4−ジメチルアミノピリジン5gのかわりにピリジン180mlを使用する以外は実施例1に準じて行い、セルロ−スアセテ−トナイトレ−トを得た。
滴下終了後のセルロ−スアセテ−トナイトレ−トのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数は、1時間攪拌後においてそれぞれ2.3、0.3及び0.4であり、また5時間攪拌後においてはそれぞれ2.3、0.5及び0.2であった。
【0023】
比較例2
実施例1と同じセパラブルフラスコに、無水酢酸150ml及びニトロセルロース75g(グルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.3及び0.7)を加えて20℃に加温する。これに無水ベンゼン3,000mlを加えてニトロセルロースを完全に溶解させる。この後、触媒となる濃硫酸4gを添加して反応を開始させる。1時間反応した後、反応溶液を氷冷し、エタノール中に投じてセルロースアセテートナイトレートを析出させる。これを濾別し、温水でよく洗浄する。この後、60℃で真空乾燥する。
分析の結果、得られたセルロースアセテートナイトレートのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ2.2、0.2及び0.6であった。
【0024】
比較例3
触媒として濃硫酸4gのかわりに濃硫酸20gを使用すること以外は比較例2に準じて行い、セルロースアセテートナイトレートを得た。
分析の結果、得られたセルロースアセテートナイトレートのグルコースユニット内における硝酸エステル基、アセチル基及び水酸基の平均存在個数はそれぞれ1.8、0.9及び0.3であった。
【0025】
以上のことから、本発明の製造方法によれば、ニトロセルロ−ス中の水酸基のほとんど全てがアシル化されたアシル化ニトロセルロ−スを、穏やかな条件下、迅速に製造することができることは明らかである。
またこのようにして製造されたアシル化ニトロセルロ−スは、発射薬および推進薬用無煙火薬のバインダとして用いた場合、従来の製造方法により製造されるものに比べ、良好な燃焼性と、衝撃あるいは摩擦に対する安全性を両立することができるので有用である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an acylated nitrocellulose represented by cellulose acetate nitrate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Acylated nitrocellulose is obtained by reacting nitrocellulose with an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride in an organic solvent. Conventionally, a catalyst such as sulfuric acid or pyridine has been used for this reaction (see JP-A-56-82849).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When acylating using a sulfuric acid catalyst, a part of sulfuric acid is bonded to cellulose to form a sulfate ester group. Since this sulfate ester group impairs the stability of the product, a step of converting to an unsubstituted hydroxyl group in the purification step is generally required.
[0004]
Further, since the sulfuric acid catalyst is accompanied by the decomposition reaction of the nitrate ester group, it is not possible to selectively carry out only the acylation reaction. Therefore, this production method has a problem that the hydroxyl group in the raw material nitrocellulose cannot be completely substituted with an acyl group.
[0005]
Further, when a sulfuric acid catalyst is used, there is a problem that the amount of catalyst, reaction time and reaction temperature must be strictly controlled in order to obtain an acylated nitrocellulose having a desired nitrification degree.
[0006]
Further, when a pyridine catalyst is used, there is a problem that it is difficult to acylate almost all hydroxyl groups in nitrocellulose in a short time because the reaction rate of acylation is slow.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily and rapidly producing a high-quality acylated nitrocellulose having no sulfate ester group.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention comprises a C1-C6 alkylcarboxylic acid anhydride after dissolving nitrocellulose in an organic solvent that is a good solvent for nitrocellulose and is water-soluble, and dissolving the catalyst in the mixed solution. when acylating the hydroxyl group in the nitrocellulose dropwise an acylating agent, the acylation of explosives, which comprises using 0.001 to 10 wt% relative to the raw material nitrocellulose 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst It is a manufacturing method of nitrocellulose.
[0008]
Any organic solvent may be used as long as it is a good solvent for nitrocellulose and is water-soluble. Among them, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine and the like are preferably used. Acetone is the most preferred because it can prevent the temperature of the reaction solution from rising due to latent heat of evaporation when the acylation reaction, which is an exothermic reaction, runs away.
The amount used is 10 to 80 times, preferably 25 to 50 times, and more preferably 35 to 45 times the weight of nitrocellulose. When the amount of the solvent is less than 10 times the amount of nitrocellulose, the reaction solution becomes highly viscous and cannot be sufficiently stirred, so that the reaction rate becomes slow. Conversely, even if the amount of the solvent is more than 80 times the amount of nitrocellulose, there is no increase in the effect.
[0009]
As the acylating agent used in the present invention, alkyl carboxylic acid anhydrides having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and hexanoic anhydride are used.
The amount of the acylating agent used is 1 to 20 equimolar amount, preferably 2 to 10 equimolar amount with respect to the hydroxyl group in nitrocellulose. When the acylating agent is less than 1 equimolar amount, not all hydroxyl groups can be acylated. Conversely, the use of more than 10 equimolar amounts of acylating agent does not increase the effect commensurate with it.
[0010]
4-Dimethylaminopyridine is used for the catalyst of the present invention.
The amount to be used is 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight, based on the raw material nitrocellulose. When the amount used is less than 0.001% by weight, a sufficient acylation reaction rate cannot be obtained. Moreover, when there is more usage-amount than 10 weight%, there is no increase in the effect corresponding to it.
[0011]
In the present invention, all conventionally known nitrocelluloses are used, and among them, nitrocellulose having a nitrification degree of 0.5 to 2.5 is preferably used.
Combustibility of acylated nitrocellulose is insufficient when nitrocellulose is less than 0.5, and safety against impact or friction of acylated nitrocellulose when nitrification is greater than 2.5. Tend to be insufficient.
[0012]
In this production method, the reaction temperature and reaction time are appropriately selected depending on the amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the acylating agent used, but the temperature is usually 0 to 50 ° C., preferably 10 to 30 ° C., and the reaction time is Usually 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.
For example, when 4-dimethylaminopyridine is reacted at room temperature using 5% by weight of nitrocellulose and 10 equimolar amount of the acylating agent to the hydroxyl group in nitrocellulose, immediately after the addition of the acylating agent. Most of the hydroxyl groups are acylated and the reaction is completed within 1 hour.
[0013]
The operation procedure in the production method of the present invention will be described below.
First, nitrocellulose used as a raw material is dissolved in an organic solvent. At that time, since the acylating agent reacts with moisture and decomposes, it is desirable to dehydrate it from an organic solvent or a mixed solution of an organic solvent and nitrocellulose.
Next, 4-dimethylaminopyridine used as a catalyst is added and dissolved therein, and then an acid anhydride used as an acylating agent is added little by little with stirring. The rapid addition of an acid anhydride is not preferable because it causes an increase in the temperature of the reaction solution.
After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture is further stirred and allowed to react, and then the reaction solution is poured into water to precipitate acylated nitrocellulose. High quality acylated nitrocellulose can be obtained by removing impurities by washing it with ordinary water or warm water.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
In the production method of the present invention, the decomposition of the nitrate ester group or the transesterification reaction hardly occurs, so that the nitrification degree of the acylated nitrocellulose obtained is almost the same as the nitrification degree of nitrocellulose as a raw material. Therefore, the degree of nitrification that has an important influence on the power of explosives can be determined only by selecting the nitrification degree of nitrocellulose as the raw material, and it is necessary to strictly control the reaction as in the production method using a sulfuric acid catalyst. There is no.
[0015]
In addition, since sulfuric acid that adversely affects the stability of nitrate ester groups is not used, sulfuric acid does not remain in the product, and a step for replacing sulfate ester groups with hydroxyl groups as in the conventional method is required. do not do.
[0016]
Furthermore, since the reaction proceeds more rapidly than the production method using a pyridine catalyst, acylated nitrocellulose can be obtained in a short time.
[0017]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
In a 5,000 ml Pyrex separable flask equipped with a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a stirrer, 75 g of dried nitrocellulose (the average number of nitrate groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit was 2.3 and 0.3, respectively. 7) was completely dissolved in 3,000 ml of anhydrous acetone. Furthermore, 5 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst was added and dissolved. 150 ml of acetic anhydride was added from a dropping funnel equipped with a calcium tube while adjusting the reaction temperature to 20 ° C. After completion of dropping, the mixture was further stirred at 20 ° C. for 1 hour to be reacted. Thereafter, the reaction solution was poured into water to precipitate cellulose acetate nitrate. This was filtered off and washed well with warm water. Then, it vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC.
The average number of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose acetate nitrate (these were calculated from a predetermined formula based on the results measured by elemental analysis. The same applies to the above.) Was 2.3, 0.7, and 0, respectively.
[0018]
Example 2
Cellulose propionate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that propionic anhydride was used in place of acetic anhydride as the acylating agent.
As a result of analysis, the average numbers of nitrate ester group, propionate group and hydroxyl group in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose propionate were 2.3, 0.7 and 0, respectively.
[0019]
Example 3
Cellulose hexanoate nitrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexanoic anhydride was used in place of acetic anhydride as the acylating agent.
As a result of analysis, the average numbers of nitrate ester groups, hexanoate groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose hexanoate nitrate were 2.3, 0.7 and 0, respectively.
[0020]
Example 4
Cellulose acetate nitrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.5 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst was used instead of 5 g.
As a result of analysis, the average number of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose acetate nitrate was 2.3, 0.7 and 0, respectively.
[0021]
Example 5
Cellulose acetate nitrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 0 ° C. instead of 20 ° C.
As a result of analysis, the average number of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose acetate nitrate was 2.3, 0.7 and 0, respectively.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
Cellulose acetate nitrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 180 ml of pyridine was used instead of 5 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst.
The average number of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the cellulose acetate nitrate after the completion of dropping is 2.3, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively, after stirring for 1 hour. Further, after stirring for 5 hours, they were 2.3, 0.5, and 0.2, respectively.
[0023]
Comparative Example 2
To the same separable flask as in Example 1, 150 ml of acetic anhydride and 75 g of nitrocellulose (the average number of nitrate groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit are 2.3 and 0.7, respectively) are heated to 20 ° C. . To this, 3,000 ml of anhydrous benzene is added to completely dissolve the nitrocellulose. Thereafter, 4 g of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst is added to start the reaction. After reacting for 1 hour, the reaction solution is ice-cooled and poured into ethanol to precipitate cellulose acetate nitrate. This is filtered off and washed thoroughly with warm water. Then, it vacuum-drys at 60 degreeC.
As a result of analysis, the average number of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose acetate nitrate was 2.2, 0.2 and 0.6, respectively.
[0024]
Comparative Example 3
Cellulose acetate nitrate was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that 20 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst instead of 4 g of concentrated sulfuric acid.
As a result of the analysis, the average numbers of nitrate ester groups, acetyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the glucose unit of the obtained cellulose acetate nitrate were 1.8, 0.9 and 0.3, respectively.
[0025]
From the above, it is clear that according to the production method of the present invention, an acylated nitrocellulose in which almost all hydroxyl groups in the nitrocellulose are acylated can be rapidly produced under mild conditions. is there.
The acylated nitrocellulose produced in this way, when used as a binder for propellants and propellant smokeless explosives, has better flammability and impact or friction than those produced by conventional production methods. It is useful because it can be compatible with safety.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10316895A JP3834833B2 (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1995-04-05 | Method for producing acylated nitrocellulose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10316895A JP3834833B2 (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1995-04-05 | Method for producing acylated nitrocellulose |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08277301A JPH08277301A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
| JP3834833B2 true JP3834833B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP10316895A Expired - Fee Related JP3834833B2 (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1995-04-05 | Method for producing acylated nitrocellulose |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000026501A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-25 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Acetylated nitrified cotton and method for producing the same |
| JP4433103B2 (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2010-03-17 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton |
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