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JP3840607B2 - Treatment method of hydrous mud - Google Patents
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JP3840607B2 - Treatment method of hydrous mud - Google Patents

Treatment method of hydrous mud Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3840607B2
JP3840607B2 JP2001239209A JP2001239209A JP3840607B2 JP 3840607 B2 JP3840607 B2 JP 3840607B2 JP 2001239209 A JP2001239209 A JP 2001239209A JP 2001239209 A JP2001239209 A JP 2001239209A JP 3840607 B2 JP3840607 B2 JP 3840607B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
mud
amount
cationic polymer
hydrous
hydrous mud
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2001239209A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003048000A (en
Inventor
馨 石塚
和正 山本
茂 飯島
孝幸 林
典子 鍵政
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kurita Water Industries Ltd
DKS Co Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
DKS Co Ltd
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  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、土木工事において発生する高含水率の泥土へ有機カチオンポリマーを添加混合して脱水する泥土処理方法において、該ポリマーが濾液中に出現しない最大添加量に基いて該ポリマーの添加量を決定する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
泥水シールド工法や加泥式シールド工法によるトンネル掘削工事などでは水溶性ポリマー、粘土、ベントナイト等を含んだ高含水率の泥土が多量に発生する。軟弱地盤の掘削や湖沼等の浚渫などの他の土木工事でも同様に高含水率の泥土が多量に発生する。
【0003】
これらの泥土は液状または半液状であり、そのままでは運搬、廃棄、再利用等の取扱いが困難であるため脱水して固形分を高めてから処理する必要がある。従来技術によると、泥土にポリ塩化アルミニウム、硫酸礬土などの無機凝集剤および/または有機アニオンポリマー凝集剤を添加混合して凝集物を形成し、自然沈降またはベルトプレス、フィルタープレス等の脱水機で脱水処理することが行われていた。しかしながら従来技術による無機および/または有機アニオンポリマー凝集剤の脱水効率は十分でなく、長い処理時間と大型の脱水設備を必要とするためこの目的に使用する脱水剤(凝集剤)として有機カチオンポリマーが注目され、検討されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、有機カチオンポリマーは自然界への悪影響、特に魚介類に対して強い毒性を示すので、放流される上清水またはろ過水中にカチオンポリマーが残留しないように添加量を調整する必要がある。このためには、添加したカチオンポリマーの全量が泥土に吸着され、上清水や濾液中にリークしない最大量を最大添加量とし、実際の添加量がこの最大添加量を超えない量に管理する必要がある。
【0005】
与えられた泥土に対する最大添加量を決定する方法としては、泥土中のカチオンポリマー添加濃度を段階的に変え、濾液中のカチオンポリマーをコロイド当量測定または液体クロマトグラフィーによって定量し、カチオンポリマーの濃度が最低である添加量をもって最大添加量とする方法がある。しかしながらこのような方法は煩雑で時間がかかり、現場で最大添加量を決定できる簡便な方法としては不向である。また測定を妨害する夾雑物が存在する泥土には適用できない。
【0006】
そこで本発明の課題は、そのような最大添加量を決定するための簡便な方法を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、含水泥土に有機カチオンポリマーを添加した後脱水する含水泥土の処理方法において、含水泥土のメチレンブルー吸着量を基準としてポリマーの添加量を決定することを特徴とする含水泥土の処理方法を提供する。
【0008】
別の局面において、本発明は、含水泥土に有機カチオンポリマーを添加した後脱水する含水泥土の処理方法において、含水泥土のメチレンブルー吸着量Xを測定し、
下記式により有機カチオンポリマー最大添加量Yを算出し、
この最大添加量Yを超えないよう有機カチオンポリマーの添加量を調整することを特徴とする含水泥土の処理方法を提供する。
Y=X・M/a
Y;含水泥土中の固形分単位重量当たりの有機カチオンポリマー最大添加量(単位:g)
X;含水泥土中の固形分単位重量当たりのメチレンブルー吸着量(単位:mol)
M;有機カチオンポリマーを構成するカチオンモノマーの分子量
a;有機カチオンポリマー1gを構成する全モノマーに占める
カチオンモノマーの重量(単位:g)
を提供する。
【0009】
本発明の含水泥土の処理方法は、泥水シールド工法あるいは加泥式シールド工法による掘削工事、軟弱地盤の掘削工事あるいは浚渫で発生する含水泥土に適用し得る。
【0010】
泥土のメチレンブルー吸着量の測定は、日本ベントナイト工業会標準試験方法JBAS−107−77のベントナイトのメチレンブルー吸着量測定方法に準じて行う。
【0011】
メチレンブルー吸着量の測定方法
1.メチレンブルー0.01mol/l標準溶液
メチレンブルー三水和物特級試薬(C16183 S・Cl・3H2 O)3.74g相当量(93±2℃で恒量になるまで乾燥したもの)を0.1mgまで精秤し、精製水(蒸留水)に溶解して1000mlにしたものを使用する。
2.測定方法
泥土(固形分)2〜3gを300ml三角フラスコに取り、精製水50mlを加え、1N硫酸5mlを添加してpH5に調整する。次に0.01Nメチレンブルー液を1mlづつ添加して30秒攪拌混合してから濾紙上に一滴落としてメチレンブルーが周囲に滲むハロー試験で明るいブルーのハローが消失しなくなった時最大吸着量とする。
メチレンブルー吸着量(mmol/100g)
=0.01mol/lメチレンブルー標準溶液の消費量/泥土重量(g)
【0012】
この試験法によれば、メチレンブルー吸着量はmmol/100g固形分として与えられる。従ってポリマーの構成モノマーの全体がカチオンモノマーである場合、ポリマーの最大添加量(mmol/100g)は測定したメチレンブルー吸着量(mmol/100g)と同じ値となり、さらにカチオンモノマーの分子量を乗ずることにより、泥土固形分100gあたりのポリマー添加量(g)すなわち重量%で表わした最大添加量が算出される。もしポリマーがカチオンモノマーと他のモノマー(中性およびアニオンモノマー)との共重合体の場合は上の計算で得た値に共重合体1g中のカチオンモノマーの重量(g)の逆数を乗ずることにより共重合体としての最大添加量(重量%)を算出することができる。
【0013】
このように与えられた泥土について最大添加量を決定した後、実際の添加量は最大添加量に対して一定の割合となるように設定すれば、安全でかつ経済的な脱水速度が得られる。この割合は脱水設備の処理容量、効率などにより異なるが、一般には最大添加量に対して、2%ないし50%特に5%ないし20%とするのが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明方法は水清澄化のために使用されるカチオンポリマー凝集剤一般に適用可能である。その例は、ポリアクリルアミドのマンニッヒ化物およびホフマン分解物、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリ(N−ビニルアセトアミド)、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアミジン、ポリ(N,N−ジアルキルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート)の3級塩および4級アンモニウム塩、ポリ(ジアルキルジアリルアンモニウムクロライド)、キトサン、それらの混合物、およびこれらカチオンポリマーを構成するカチオンモノマー同士またはそれらとアクリルアミドのような中性モノマーおよび/またはアクリル酸のようなアニオンモノマーとの共重合体である。本発明方法は、泥土に、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、硫酸礬土、海水等の混入があっても適用可能である。これは泥土のカチオンポリマー最大吸着量はこれら夾雑物の混入があっても殆ど影響されないからである。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下にいくつかの泥土に対する本発明の適用例を示す。
【0016】
適用例1
岡山県児島湖の浚渫泥土(固形分15.2%、pH7.4、灼熱減量16.3%)のメチレンブルー吸着量を記載した試験法に従って測定したところ、12.2mmol/100g固形分であった。
【0017】
この数値から式1により算出された、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレートの塩化メチル4級化物(DMAEM、分子量207.5)のホモポリマー(極限粘度1.02dl/g)の最大添加量は、12.2mmol/100g×207.5=2.53%と計算される。
【0018】
次に上の泥土に上記のDMAEMポリマーを各種濃度で添加し、15分攪拌した後加圧濾過して濾液を集めた。このようにして得た濾液についてJIS K0102工場排水試験(魚類の急性毒性試験)の項に従ってヒメダカを使ってLC50(半数致死濃度)を測定し、表1に示す結果を得た。実施例1〜3においては、脱水性が良好でかつ濾液の魚毒性も認められなかった。
【0019】

Figure 0003840607
【0020】
なおDMAEMポリマーのLC50は約0.5ppmである。
【0021】
適用例2
茨城県手ケ沼浚渫底泥(メチレンブルー吸着量14.6mmol/100g,固形分8.6%,灼熱減量17.7%/固形分、pH7.3)にあらかじめポリ塩化アルミニウムおよび消石灰をそれぞれ10%および1.0%/底泥の割合で添加した後、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロライド(DMDAAC,極限粘度3.2dl/g、モノマー分子量161.6)の所定量を添加し、15分間攪拌した後加圧濾過して濾液を集めた。この濾液について前と同様に魚毒性試験を行い、表2に示す結果を得た。カチオンポリマーの添加率が1.0〜2.0%の場合には良好な脱水性を示し、かつ濾液の魚毒性も認められなかった。
【0022】
この底泥のメチレンブルー吸着量から算出したDMDAACの最大添加量は2.36%(対固形分)であり、DMDAACのLC50は約0.5ppmである。
【0023】
Figure 0003840607
【0024】
適用例3
粘土層主体の掘削地盤の泥水シールド工事現場から採取した余剰泥水サンプルについて試験した。
【0025】
余剰泥水性状:
固形分 28.4%
pH 7.1
液比重 1.22
メチレンブルー吸着量 6.1mmol/100g固形分
【0026】
この余剰泥水にポリエチレンイミンP−1000(日本触媒化学製、純分約30%、モノマー分子量43)の所定量(有効成分換算)を添加し、15分間攪拌後加圧濾過して濾液を集めた。添加量が0.05〜0.25%においては良好な脱水性を示し、かつこの濾液について前と同様に魚毒性試験を行い、表3に示す結果を得た。
【0027】
この余剰泥水のメチレンブルー吸着量から算出したポリエチレンイミンの最大添加量は0.26%(対固形分)であり、ポリエチレンイミンのLC50は約0.5ppmであった。本発明に従いカチオンポリマーを最大添加量0.26%を超えないよう調整した場合に濾液は魚毒性を示さなかった。
【0028】
Figure 0003840607
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mud treatment method in which an organic cationic polymer is added to and mixed with a high water content mud generated in civil engineering work, and the amount of the polymer added is determined based on the maximum addition amount at which the polymer does not appear in the filtrate. On how to determine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In tunnel excavation work using the muddy water shield method and the mud shield method, a large amount of high water content mud including water-soluble polymer, clay, bentonite, etc. is generated. A large amount of mud with high water content is generated in other civil engineering works such as excavation of soft ground and dredging in lakes and marshes.
[0003]
These muds are liquid or semi-liquid and are difficult to handle as they are transported, disposed of, reused, etc., so it is necessary to dehydrate them to increase their solid content before processing. According to the prior art, an inorganic flocculant such as polyaluminum chloride and sulfuric acid clay and / or an organic anionic polymer flocculant is added to and mixed with the mud to form agglomerates, which are naturally settled or dewatered by belt presses, filter presses The dehydration process was performed. However, the dehydration efficiency of inorganic and / or organic anionic polymer flocculants according to the prior art is not sufficient, and a long treatment time and a large dehydration equipment are required. Therefore, organic cationic polymers are used as dehydrants (flocculating agents) for this purpose. Attention and consideration.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the organic cationic polymer has an adverse effect on nature, particularly strong toxicity to fish and shellfish, it is necessary to adjust the addition amount so that the cationic polymer does not remain in the supernatant water or filtered water to be discharged. For this purpose, the total amount of the added cationic polymer is adsorbed on the mud, and the maximum amount that does not leak into the supernatant water or filtrate should be the maximum addition amount, and the actual addition amount must be controlled so that it does not exceed this maximum addition amount. There is.
[0005]
As a method for determining the maximum addition amount for a given mud, the concentration of the cationic polymer in the mud is changed stepwise, and the cationic polymer in the filtrate is quantified by colloid equivalent measurement or liquid chromatography. There is a method of setting the minimum addition amount to the maximum addition amount. However, such a method is complicated and time consuming, and is not suitable as a simple method capable of determining the maximum addition amount on site. In addition, it cannot be applied to mud where there are impurities that disturb the measurement.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a simple method for determining such a maximum addition amount.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a method for treating hydrous mud that is dehydrated after adding an organic cationic polymer to the hydrous mud, wherein the amount of polymer added is determined based on the amount of methylene blue adsorbed on the hydrous mud. provide.
[0008]
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for treating hydrous mud that is dehydrated after adding an organic cationic polymer to the hydrous mud, and measuring the methylene blue adsorption amount X of the hydrous mud,
The organic cationic polymer maximum addition amount Y is calculated by the following formula,
Provided is a method for treating hydrous mud soil, characterized in that the addition amount of an organic cationic polymer is adjusted so as not to exceed the maximum addition amount Y.
Y = X · M / a
Y: Maximum addition amount of organic cationic polymer per unit weight of solid content in hydrous mud (unit: g)
X: Methylene blue adsorption amount per unit weight of solid content in hydrous mud (unit: mol)
M: Molecular weight of cationic monomer constituting organic cationic polymer a: Weight of cationic monomer in all monomers constituting organic cationic polymer 1 g (unit: g)
I will provide a.
[0009]
The method for treating hydrous mud according to the present invention can be applied to excavation work by mud shield method or mud shield method, excavation work on soft ground, or hydrous mud soil generated by dredging.
[0010]
The methylene blue adsorption amount of mud is measured according to the bentonite methylene blue adsorption measurement method of JBAS-107-77, a standard test method of Japan Bentonite Industry Association.
[0011]
Measuring method of methylene blue adsorption amount Methylene blue 0.01 mol / l standard solution Methylene blue trihydrate special grade reagent (C 16 H 18 N 3 S · Cl · 3H 2 O) equivalent to 3.74 g (dried to a constant weight at 93 ± 2 ° C.) Weigh precisely to 0.1 mg and use 1000 ml dissolved in purified water (distilled water).
2. Measuring method Take 2 to 3 g of mud (solid content) in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask, add 50 ml of purified water, and add 5 ml of 1N sulfuric acid to adjust to pH5. Next, 0.01 ml of methylene blue solution is added in units of 1 ml, mixed by stirring for 30 seconds, and then dropped on the filter paper. When the bright blue halo does not disappear in the halo test in which methylene blue oozes around, the maximum adsorption amount is obtained.
Methylene blue adsorption amount (mmol / 100g)
= Consumption of 0.01 mol / l methylene blue standard solution / mud weight (g)
[0012]
According to this test method, the methylene blue adsorption is given as mmol / 100 g solids. Therefore, when the whole constituent monomer of the polymer is a cationic monomer, the maximum addition amount (mmol / 100 g) of the polymer is the same value as the measured methylene blue adsorption amount (mmol / 100 g), and further multiplied by the molecular weight of the cationic monomer, The polymer addition amount (g) per 100 g of mud solid content, that is, the maximum addition amount expressed in weight% is calculated. If the polymer is a copolymer of cationic monomers and other monomers (neutral and anionic monomers), multiply the value obtained by the above calculation by the inverse of the weight (g) of the cationic monomer in 1 g of copolymer. Thus, the maximum addition amount (% by weight) as a copolymer can be calculated.
[0013]
After determining the maximum addition amount for the mud thus given, a safe and economical dehydration rate can be obtained by setting the actual addition amount to a constant ratio with respect to the maximum addition amount. This ratio varies depending on the processing capacity and efficiency of the dehydration equipment, but generally it is preferably 2% to 50%, particularly 5% to 20% with respect to the maximum addition amount.
[0014]
The method of the present invention is generally applicable to cationic polymer flocculants used for water clarification. Examples thereof are polyacrylamide Mannich and Hoffmann degradation products, polyethyleneimine, poly (N-vinylacetamide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyamidine, tertiary salts of poly (N, N-dialkylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate) and 4 Quaternary ammonium salts, poly (dialkyldiallylammonium chlorides), chitosan, mixtures thereof, and cationic monomers constituting these cationic polymers, or neutral monomers such as acrylamide and / or anionic monomers such as acrylic acid It is a copolymer. The method of the present invention is applicable even when mud is contaminated with polyaluminum chloride, sulfuric acid clay, seawater and the like. This is because the maximum adsorption amount of the cationic polymer in mud is hardly affected even if these contaminants are mixed.
[0015]
【Example】
Examples of application of the present invention to several muds are shown below.
[0016]
Application example 1
The amount of methylene blue adsorbed on the dredged mud soil (solid content 15.2%, pH 7.4, loss on ignition 16.3%) in Lake Kojima, Okayama Prefecture was 12.2 mmol / 100 g solid content. .
[0017]
The maximum addition amount of the homopolymer (intrinsic viscosity 1.02 dl / g) of the methyl chloride quaternized product of N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM, molecular weight 207.5) calculated from this numerical value by the formula 1 is Calculated as 12.2 mmol / 100 g × 207.5 = 2.53%.
[0018]
Next, the above-mentioned DMAEM polymer was added to the upper mud at various concentrations, stirred for 15 minutes, and filtered under pressure to collect the filtrate. The filtrate thus obtained was measured for LC 50 (half lethal concentration) using Himedaka in accordance with the section of JIS K0102 factory drainage test (acute toxicity test for fish), and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained. In Examples 1 to 3, the dehydration property was good, and the fish toxicity of the filtrate was not observed.
[0019]
Figure 0003840607
[0020]
Note LC 50 of DMAEM polymer is about 0.5 ppm.
[0021]
Application example 2
10% polyaluminum chloride and slaked lime in advance in Tekenuma basin mud of Ibaraki prefecture (methylene blue adsorption amount 14.6mmol / 100g, solid content 8.6%, loss on ignition 17.7% / solid content, pH 7.3) And 1.0% / bottom mud, followed by addition of a predetermined amount of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC, intrinsic viscosity 3.2 dl / g, monomer molecular weight 161.6) and stirring for 15 minutes. The filtrate was collected by pressure filtration. This filtrate was subjected to a fish toxicity test in the same manner as before, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained. When the addition rate of the cationic polymer was 1.0 to 2.0%, good dehydrating property was exhibited, and no fish toxicity of the filtrate was observed.
[0022]
Maximum amount of DMDAAC calculated from methylene blue adsorption amount of the sediment is 2.36% (vs. solids), LC 50 of DMDAAC is about 0.5 ppm.
[0023]
Figure 0003840607
[0024]
Application example 3
Excess mud sample collected from the site of mud shield construction on excavated ground mainly composed of clay layer was tested.
[0025]
Excess muddy water condition:
28.4% solids
pH 7.1
Liquid specific gravity 1.22
Methylene blue adsorption amount 6.1 mmol / 100 g solid content
A predetermined amount of polyethyleneimine P-1000 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Chemical Co., Ltd., pure content of about 30%, monomer molecular weight 43) was added to this surplus mud water, stirred for 15 minutes, and filtered under pressure to collect the filtrate. . When the addition amount was 0.05 to 0.25%, good dehydrating property was exhibited, and a fish toxicity test was conducted on the filtrate in the same manner as before, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
[0027]
The maximum amount of polyethyleneimine which is calculated from the methylene blue adsorption amount of surplus mud is 0.26% (vs. solids), LC 50 of polyethyleneimine was about 0.5 ppm. The filtrate did not show fish toxicity when the cationic polymer was adjusted according to the present invention so as not to exceed the maximum addition of 0.26%.
[0028]
Figure 0003840607

Claims (3)

含水泥土に有機カチオンポリマーを添加した後脱水する含水泥土の処理方法において、含水泥土のメチレンブルー吸着量を基準としてポリマーの添加量を決定することを特徴とする含水泥土の処理方法。A method for treating hydrous mud, comprising adding an organic cationic polymer to hydrous mud, followed by dehydration, wherein the amount of polymer added is determined based on the amount of methylene blue adsorbed on the hydrous mud. 含水泥土に有機カチオンポリマーを添加した後脱水する含水泥土の処理方法において、含水泥土のメチレンブルー吸着量Xを測定し、
下記式により有機カチオンポリマー最大添加量Yを算出し、
この最大添加量Yを超えないよう有機カチオンポリマーの添加量を調整することを特徴とする含水泥土の処理方法。
Y=X・M/a
Y;含水泥土中の固形分単位重量当たりの有機カチオンポリマー最大添加量(単位:g)
X;含水泥土中の固形分単位重量当たりのメチレンブルー吸着量(単位:mol)
M;有機カチオンポリマーを構成するカチオンモノマーの分子量
a;有機カチオンポリマー1gを構成する全モノマーに占める
カチオンモノマーの重量(単位:g)
In the method of treating hydrous mud that is dehydrated after adding an organic cationic polymer to the hydrous mud, the amount of methylene blue adsorbed X on the hydrous mud is measured,
The organic cationic polymer maximum addition amount Y is calculated by the following formula,
A method for treating hydrous mud characterized by adjusting the addition amount of the organic cationic polymer so as not to exceed the maximum addition amount Y.
Y = X · M / a
Y: Maximum addition amount of organic cationic polymer per unit weight of solid content in hydrous mud (unit: g)
X: Methylene blue adsorption amount per unit weight of solid content in hydrous mud (unit: mol)
M: Molecular weight of cationic monomer constituting organic cationic polymer a: Weight of cationic monomer in all monomers constituting organic cationic polymer 1 g (unit: g)
含水泥土が泥水シールド工法あるいは加泥式シールド工法による掘削工事、軟弱地盤の掘削工事または浚渫で発生するものである請求項1または2記載の含水泥土の処理方法。The method for treating hydrous mud according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrous mud is generated by excavation work by a mud shield method or a mud shield method, excavation work of soft ground or dredging.
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