JP4152510B2 - Treatment method of high water content dredged bottom mud - Google Patents
Treatment method of high water content dredged bottom mud Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4152510B2 JP4152510B2 JP36898098A JP36898098A JP4152510B2 JP 4152510 B2 JP4152510 B2 JP 4152510B2 JP 36898098 A JP36898098 A JP 36898098A JP 36898098 A JP36898098 A JP 36898098A JP 4152510 B2 JP4152510 B2 JP 4152510B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polyacrylate
- dredged
- grams
- water content
- mud
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004044 tetrasaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N β-1,4-galactotrioside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、湖沼や河川、港湾などから得られる高含水浚渫底泥を、環境への影響を最小限にとどめつつ、凝集、脱水して減容化する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、湖沼や河川、港湾などから得られる高含水浚渫底泥を減容化処理するにあたっては、底泥を浚渫船で浚渫して堤防で取り囲んだ囲繞堤内に送り、そこで天日乾燥する方法が、あるいは、ポリアクリルアミド系の凝集剤を加えて凝集させてから脱水機にかけ減容化する方法がもっぱら取られてきた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
湖沼や河川、港湾などの底には、多くの場合、ヘドロ状の物質が沈殿、堆積しているが、それらは、栄養塩に富むヘドロ状物質である場合が多く、そこから溶け出る窒素、りんなどの富栄養素が植物プランクトンの異常発生やメタンガス発生の原因となって、著しい環境悪化をもたらしている。
汚染の進んだ湖沼や河川、港湾の浄化の有力な方法の一つは、この栄養塩に富むヘドロ状物質を浚渫して取り除くことであり、国や多くの地方自治体がはやくからこれに取り組んで一定の成果を収めているが、その方法は、浚渫船から送られるヘドロを処理ヤードにためて天日乾燥するものが殆どで、処理ヤードに大規模な築堤工事が必要な上、乾燥が終ってヤードを再利用することが可能になるまで長期間(1年以上)を要することから、処分地の確保に頭を悩ませているところがほとんどである。
【0004】
天日乾燥は時間がかかる上、乾燥後といえども処分地に地耐圧が出ず、処分地の用途が制限される事から、アクリルアミド系の凝集剤を加えて機械脱水する方法が、そして、最近は、無薬注のまま、超高圧で機械脱水する方法が、一部で採用されている。
しかし、アクリルアミド系の凝集剤は、残留するアクリルアミドモノマーの毒性の問題から、自然界で大量に使用することは好ましいことでなく、例えば、厚生省環境衛生局水道課編の「浄水場排水処理施設の手引き」によれば、浄水工程でのアクリルアミド系の凝集剤の使用を禁じている。また、アクリルアミド系の凝集剤は、多量のポリ塩化アルミニウムや硫酸ばん土と併用する場合が多く、この際には、分離水中の塩分や硫酸根が問題になる。したがって、特に、湖沼のような閉鎖系水域や、下流に上水道の取り入れ口のある様な河川でのアクリルアミド系の凝集剤の使用は、できるだけ避けることが望ましい。
また、無薬注のまま、あるいは、少量の無機凝集剤を加えて機械脱水する方法は、いずれも脱水に高圧を要するので、高圧フィルタープレス以外、適する脱水方法がない。しかし、高圧フィルタープレスは、連続操作ができないから、処理能力が小さく、大量処理に向かない。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、含水比400%以上の浚渫底泥に、始めに、アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩を加え、次に、ポリアクリル酸塩の酸性水溶液を加えてフロックをつくり、さらに、必要に応じ無機塩を加えたのちに、自然または強制的に脱水することを含む高含水浚渫底泥の処理方法に関する。
【0006】
本発明では、含水比400%以上の高含水浚渫底泥に、始めに、少量のアルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩を加え、十分に攪拌した後、ポリアクリル酸塩の酸性溶液を加える。アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩を加えた段階では粘性の上昇は見られないが、ポリアクリル酸塩の酸性溶液を加えると、一時的に粘性の急激な上昇がおこり、やがて、ポリアクリル酸塩が、その内部に懸濁粒子を含んだまま凝集し、疎水性フロックをつくる。続いてごく少量の無機塩を加えて攪拌するとフロックが収縮(凝縮)して丈夫なフロックになる。したがって、これを脱水機にかけると、容易に低含水率のスラッジを得ることができる。処理対象の浚渫底泥の含水比が900%以上、すなわち、浚渫底泥の濃度が薄く凝集処理後の遊離水が多い場合には、野積みしておくだけでも脱水し、一定の減容化が期待できるし、袋詰め脱水などの簡易強制脱水法を用いて脱水、減容化を行ってもよい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の対象となる高含水浚渫底泥の含水比は、400%以上である。これ以下の含水比では、たとえ凝集処理できたとしても、脱水機で分離水を全く得られないか、得られてもごくわずかであり、減容化のメリットはない。
なお、含水比(%)とは、浚渫底泥乾燥重量に対する水の重量比に100をかけた値をいい、含水比400%の浚渫底泥とは、例えば、浚渫底泥無水物20グラムと水80グラムとからなる。
【0008】
本発明の作用を説明する。
浚渫底泥を構成するコロイドは、強く負に帯電しており、ポリアクリル酸塩のような強アニオンの高分子とは反発しあうため、ポリアクリル酸塩単独溶液では凝集が起こりにくく、予め、コロイド負電荷の中和をはかるのが必須の条件である。
しかし、一般の水処理で行われているように、電荷の中和に2価、3価の無機金属塩水溶液、例えば、硫酸アルミニウムやポリ塩化アルミニウム水溶液を用いた場合、とくに高濃度の浚渫底泥では、急激な電荷の中和による浚渫底泥のゲル化現象がおこり、次工程のポリアクリル酸塩との混合に支障をきたす。また、系のpHが低下し、ポリアクリル酸塩の働きを鈍くする。さらに、脱水機からの分離水にクロールイオンや硫酸根イオンが残留し、排水中の塩濃度が非常に高くなるから、湖沼や河川の浚渫に使用するには問題がある。
これに対し、アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩は、通常、強いアルカリ性を呈し、フリーの陽イオンを持たない。よって、これを浚渫底泥に添加しても、ゲル化減少はおきず、かえって粘性は減少傾向を示す。低粘性のもと、十分に浚渫底泥とアルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩を混合したのち、ポリアクリル酸塩の酸性溶液を加える。アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩の場合は、酸性のポリアクリル酸塩水溶液と接することでpHがさがり、フリーのアルミニウムイオンが生まれ、ここに至ってはじめて、コロイド負電荷の中和がおこり、続いてポリアクリル酸塩による凝集がおこると考えられる。ケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩の場合は、その反応メカニズムははっきりしないが、現象的にはアルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩と同じように、酸性のアクリル酸水溶液と接することで凝集がおこる。いずれの場合でも、硫酸アルミニウムやポリ塩化アルミニウムなどと違って分離水中の塩濃度を上げることはない。
アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩のかわりにカチオン系の高分子凝集剤を使用しても同様の効果は得られるが、カチオン系の高分子凝集剤は魚毒性があり、本発明の目的にそぐわない。
【0009】
本発明で用いるアルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩、ケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩は、通常、粉末で加えるが、水溶液にして加えても効果にかわりはない。アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩を単独で用いる場合にはその添加量、ケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩を単独で用いる場合にはその添加量、アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩とケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩とを併用する場合にはその合計添加量は、処理される浚渫底泥を構成する土粒子の性質、浚渫底泥に含まれる有機質の性質と含有量、浚渫底泥に含まれる金属の性質と含有量によって異なるから、予め、予備試験を行ってきめることになるが、浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、0.2〜2グラム、望ましくは0.5〜1.5グラムの範囲が良い。0.2グラム未満では、コロイドの負電荷の中和が不十分であり、2グラムをこえると、後に加えるポリアクリル酸塩の作用をかえって妨害する。
【0010】
本発明で用いるポリアクリル酸塩は一般に安全性が高く、その中でもポリアクリル酸ソーダは厚生省令第32号により食品添加物に指定されている安全性の高い物質で、食品工業の廃水から有効分を回収したり、上水道の清澄用にも使用されており、アクリルアミド系の高分子と違って環境への影響は指摘されないものである。
【0011】
ポリアクリル酸塩は、ポリアクリル酸を溶解したあとのpHが4以下(好ましくは3以下)になるような強さの鉱酸溶液、例えば塩酸や硫酸溶液に、0.5〜2重量%の濃度になるように溶解してから浚渫底泥に加える。 鉱酸溶液に溶解する理由は、前述のとおりアルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び/又はケイ酸のアルカリ金属塩のpHを下げ、凝集反応をおこさせることと、より高濃度の水溶液の調製を可能にすることの2つである。ポリアクリル酸塩水溶液の濃度は、通常0.2重量%程度が粘性の上で限界であるが、酸性にすることで1〜2重量%程度まで濃度を高めることができる。溶液の高濃度化は、溶解作業を省力化できる、溶解タンクを小さくできるなど、プロセスの簡略化に貢献する。
鉱酸のかわりにフマール酸などの有機酸も同様に使用できるが、分離水のBOD、CODが高くなるので、鉱酸のほうが有利である。
【0012】
ポリアクリル酸塩を、粉末のまま直接、あるいは、溶解しない液体に分散させた状態で浚渫底泥に添加することもできる(この場合は、別に酸を加える。)が、浚渫底泥には、多量の金属類(鉄イオンなど)が含まれていることが多く、ポリアクリル酸塩が十分に溶解しないうちにそれら金属イオンと反応して、凝集作用を失う危険性があるから、水溶液で加えるのが望ましい。
【0013】
本発明で用いるポリアクリル酸塩は、pH9.5、25℃における0.2重量%の水溶液粘度が500cps以上であり、より好ましくは600cps以上、さらに好ましくは650cpsを示すポリアクリル酸塩である。ここでの0.2重量%水溶液とはポリアクリル酸塩がNa塩の完全中和型換算での重量濃度とする。例えば、完全中和型のポリアクリル酸ソーダの0.2重量%水溶液とは、それぞれ純分換算でポリアクリル酸72重量部と水酸化ナトリウム40重量部を水46888重量部に溶解させて、全体を47000重量部としたものである。
また、溶液のpHが9.5より低い場合は、水酸化ナトリウムにより調整する。粘度はB型粘度計(ローターNo.2)を用いて、25℃にて測定した値をいう。
通常0.2重量%水溶液の粘度が500cps以上を示すポリアクリル酸塩の重量平均分子量としては400万以上のものであり、更に700cps以上を示すものは重量平均分子量600万以上のものである。また本発明におけるポリアクリル酸塩とは水不溶解分が5重量%以下、より好ましくは1重量%以下のものをいう。
【0014】
ポリアクリル酸塩は、電荷を失った微細土粒子に直接吸着するほか、ポリアクリル酸塩中のカルボキシル基が、浚渫底泥を構成するコロイド物質と結合する。そして、中に土粒子を巻き込んだまま、鎖状高分子が互いにからまりあって、凝集作用を示すと考えられる。ポリアクリル酸塩の添加量は、凝集物をいかなる方法で脱水し、減容化するかで異なる。ポリアクリル酸塩の添加量を少なくするとフロックは弱くなり、逆に添加量を増やすとフロックは強くなる。すなわち、ポリアクリル酸塩の添加量を調節することで、フロックの強度を調整することができる。
【0015】
ポリアクリル酸塩による凝集が終了した後、必要に応じ少量の無機塩を加える。
無機塩を加える目的は、第一に、フロックの強度を向上させることであり、第二に、液相中に残留するポリアクリル酸塩の凝集をはかり、脱水工程から排出される分離水中にポリアクリル酸塩がもれて、分離水のBOD、CODが高くなるのを防止することである。アルミン酸のアルカリ金属塩を使用した場合、ポリアクリル酸塩の酸性溶液を加えたあとのpHが7以上にとどまっていると、分離水の中にアルミニウムイオンが残留するおそれがある。しかし、酸性の無機塩の添加は、系のpHを下げ、残留アルミニウムイオンをなくす働きをなす。ポリアクリル酸塩による凝集は、鎖状ポリマーが攪拌によって互いにからみあって起こるが、そのままでは弱いフロックで、簡単につぶれたり、細粒化したりする。弱いフロックに無機塩を加えると、ポリアクリル酸塩が、内部に土粒子を抱え込んだまま収縮し、非常に強いフロックが形成される。同時に液相中に残留するフリーのポリアクリル酸塩も凝集して析出するので、ポリアクリル酸塩を多少多めに使用しても、分離水のBOD、CODが高くなることはない。
ただし、例えば、自然脱水法を適用する場合のように、ポリアクリル酸塩の添加量が少ない場合には、分離水のBOD、CODも上昇せず、また、フロック強度も比較的弱くてよい。このようなケースでは、無機塩の添加を省略できる場合もある。
【0016】
本発明で用いる無機塩は、水溶性であり、2価以上の金属塩(好ましくは2価または3価の金属塩)、すなわち、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、硫酸ばん土などの酸性塩が効果的であるが、必要に応じ、塩化カルシウムなどの中性塩を酸性塩とブレンドして用いてもよい。二価以上の金属塩水溶液の添加量は、純分換算で浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり0.2〜2グラムである。
【0017】
凝集物の脱水法には、ポンド底部に暗渠排水パイプを埋設した透水層を設け、ポンドに凝集物をためて、重力下、自然脱水する方法、その応用として、ポンド内に垂直にフィルター付きの排水パイプを多数設置し、その中に入ってきた水をポンプで汲みあげるウエルポイント法、凝集物を貯めたあとポンド表面をシートで覆い、ポンド内に設置したフィルター付きの排水パイプに真空ポンプを接続して吸い上げる強制圧密真空工法、機械による大量処理法としては、大気圧利用の脱水スクリーン法、低圧密のベルトプレス法、ロールプレス法、高圧密のスクリュープレス法、遠心分離法などがある。
どのような脱水法を採用するかは、脱水後のスラッジの利用法、処理能力、処理コストなどで決まるが、一般に脱水時、強い力がかかるものほど強いフロックでないと、脱水時にフロックがつぶれてろ水にSSが漏れ出す。
【0018】
暗渠排水のような自然脱水法は比較的弱いフロックでもよく、この場合のポリアクリル酸塩の添加量は、浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、無水換算で0.05〜0.5グラムである。
真空を利用した脱水法は自然脱水法より少し強いものが要求され、この場合のポリアクリル酸塩の添加量は、浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、無水換算で0.1〜0.8グラムである。
ベルトプレスなどの低圧を利用した脱水法を利用した脱水法は真空利用よりさらに強いものが要求され、この場合のポリアクリル酸塩の添加量は、浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、無水換算で0.2〜1.0グラムである。
スクリュープレスや遠心分離機など、脱水時に強い力がフロックにかかる脱水法を利用した脱水法は最も強いフロック強度が要求され、この場合のポリアクリル酸塩の添加量は、浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、無水換算で0.3〜1.5グラムである。
これらの範囲以下では、丈夫なフロックを得ることができないし、これらの範囲以上では、経済性が問題となる。
【0019】
凝集物の脱水性の良否を簡単に知る手段として、それを片手で握った時、指の間から凝集物が漏れだしてくるか否かをみる方法がよく使われるが、本発明で得られた凝集物は、指の間から凝集物が漏れることなく、水だけが滲み出る。すなわち、片手で簡単に絞ることができ、極めて脱水性に優れていることが分かる。したがって、自然脱水の速度を高めることができるのはもちろん、機械脱水法を採用する場合、汎用の低圧脱水機、例えば、スクリュープレス、ベルトプレス、ロールプレス、デカンターなどの連続式の脱水機が使用でき、高圧フィルタープレスに限定される無薬注脱水方式と違って、大量処理が可能である。
【0020】
次に、ポリアクリル酸塩の製造方法について述べる。
ポリアクリル酸塩は、重合度が大きく、水不溶解分が小さいほど、得られる凝集物は強く疎水性に富む。このようなポリアクリル酸塩であればいかなる製造方法により製造されたものであってもかまわないが、一例を挙げれば以下の方法により製造できる。
【0021】
アクリル酸中にアルカリ金属イオンまたはアンモニウムイオンのいずれか一方または両方を全アクリル酸に対して60〜120モル%存在させると共に、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン、単糖、糖アルコール、オリゴ糖及び鹸化度70%以上のポリビニルアルコールよりなる一群から選択される1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有する水溶性化合物の一種以上をアクリル酸に対して0.01〜20重量%共存させて水溶液静置重合する。
【0022】
アルカリ金属イオン及び/またはアンモニウムイオンの量は、全アクリル酸に対して60〜120モル%、より好ましくは60〜110モル%にするとよい。アルカリ金属イオン及び/またはアンモニウムイオンの量が不足する場合は重合反応の末期に枝分かれや架橋反応が起こりやすくなって水不溶解物が生成しやすくなり、本発明の目的が果たせなくなる。
また、水溶性化合物の添加量は、全アクリル酸に対して0.01〜20重量%の範囲に設定するとよい。添加量が不足する場合には上記の効果が有効に発揮されず、また20重量%を超えて多量添加してもそれ以上の効果は得られないので経済的に無駄であるばかりでなく、高沸点有機溶剤として残る為、除去が困難となる。水溶性化合物のより好ましい添加量としては0.1〜10重量%である。
【0023】
重合時アクリル酸に共存させる上記水溶性化合物は、重合速度を低下させること無く、しかも重合反応末期に枝分かれや架橋反応を起こさせること無く水溶性の優れた高重合物を作成させる上で最も重要な添加剤であり、以下に示すごとく1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有する化合物が選択される。
具体的には、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン、単糖(例えばアラビノース、キシロース等のペントース;ガラクトース、グルコース、マンノース、フルクトース等のヘキソース; 6−デオキシグルコース、6−デオキシタロース等のデオキシヘキソース; グルクロン酸、ガラクツロン酸等のウロン酸等)、糖アルコール(例えばエリトール、アラビニトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、ガラクチトール、マンニトール、ボレミトール、オクチトール等)、オリゴ糖(例えばスクロース、マルトース、セロビオース、ラクトース、アガロビオース等の二糖; マルトトリオース等の三糖; マルトテトラオース等の四糖等)およぴ鹸化度が70%以上(好ましくは95%以上)のポリビニルアルコールが挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても良く或いは2種以上を併用することもできる。
これらの中でも特に好ましいのは、アクリル酸(塩)に対して優れた相溶性を示すエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリンおよぴ糖アルコール類である。
【0024】
水溶液静置重合条件としては、特に限定されないが、通常窒素雰囲気下で周知のラジカル重合開始剤、例えば、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウムなどの過硫酸塩; アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)塩酸塩、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスシアノ吉草酸などのアゾ化合物; 過酸化物と亜硫酸塩、アミン類に代表される還元剤を組み合わせてなるレドックス系開始剤などを適量添加し、10〜100℃で1.5〜12時間程度静置重合することによって得られる。また、重合開始温度を40℃以下にすることが高重合度重合体を得る上で好ましい。
かくして得られるポリアクリル酸塩は、重合度が大きく、水不溶解分が小さいものである。
また、性能に差し支えない程度でアクリル酸塩と共重合可能なその他の単量体を1〜10モル%程度共重合してもかまわない。アクリル酸塩と共重合可能なその他の単量体としては、例えばメタクリル酸塩、マレイン酸、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸などが挙げられる。
【0025】
【実施例】
本発明の実施の形態を実施例をあげて説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
実施例1
含水比717%の湖水浚渫底泥500グラムをビーカーにとり、アルミン酸ナトリウム粉末を0.9グラム(浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、1.44グラム)加え、ラボスタラーで十分に攪拌した。つぎに0.07規定の塩酸溶液100mlあたり日本触媒社製の試作ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム粉末を1グラム溶解した液(pH2.9)を50ml(浚渫底泥無水物100グラムあたり、無水換算で0.82グラム)加え、はじめの30秒間は激しく、その後の60秒間はゆっくり攪拌して、疎水性フロックをつくった。さらにこれに、アルミナ換算で10重量%の硫酸バン土溶液を0.25ml加え、30秒間ゆっくり攪拌した。始めやわらかだったフロックは凝縮し、しまった丈夫なフロックが形成された。これを1mm目の目ざらをセットした卓上型加圧脱水機(図1参照)を使って3kg/cm2の圧力で脱水した。
脱水後のケーキの含水比は223%であった。また、分離水の性質と減容率は表1の通りであった。表1における「透過率」は、350nmの波長の光の透過率を、蒸留水を100%として表した値である。測定は、日立の100−60型タブルビーム分光光度計によった。また、「減容率」は、供試浚渫底泥容積に対する脱水後のケーキ容積の割合を100から引いて示した。
なお、本実施例で用いたポリアクリル酸塩は、pH9.5、25℃における0.2重量%の水溶液粘度(東京計器社製B8L型B型粘度計)が700cpsのものであった。
【0026】
比較例1
含水比717%の湖水浚渫底泥300mlを試験用フィルタープレス(日本濾過装置社製卓上型フィルタープレス)に送って5kg/cm2の圧力で30分間脱水した。脱水後のケーキの含水比は170%、ケーキ容積は72mlであった。また、分離水の性質と減容率は表1の通りであった。フロックが弱いため、フィルタープレス以外の汎用脱水機では脱水できなかった。
【0027】
比較例2
含水比717%の湖水浚渫底泥300mlにはじめにアルミナ換算で9.5重量%のポリ塩化アルミニウム水溶液を2.1ml加え、攪拌した。全体がゲル状になったが、そのまま、100mlの水にアクリルアミド系高分子凝集剤を0.2グラムの割合で溶解した液を60ml加えて反応させたところ、大きく、弱いフロックを形成した。これをろ過布を貼り付けた試験用加圧脱水試験機(図2参照)に送って3kg/cm2の圧力で10分間脱水した。脱水後のケーキの含水比は189%、ケーキ容積は77mlであった。また、分離水の性質と減容率は表1の通りであった。フロックが弱いため、図1の目ざらをセットした試験用加圧脱水試験機では、フロックが目ざらから漏れ出し、脱水できなかった。
【0028】
【表1】
【0029】
【発明の効果】
実施例から、本発明の処理法によれば、浚渫底泥を環境に悪影響を与えることなく凝集させ、かつ、汎用、高能力の低圧脱水機することにより、容積を半分以下にまで減らせることが分かる。一方、比較例のように無薬注、あるいは、少量のアクリルアミド系高分子凝集剤で処理しても、得られるフロックは弱く、高圧フィルタープレス以外の脱水機は、使用できないことが分かる。実施例1と比較例2を比べたとき、本発明は、分離水のクロールイオン濃度を約1/4にでき、清水系における浚渫土処理に非常に効果的であることがわかる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】目ざらをセットした試験用加圧脱水試験機を示す。
【図2】ろ過布を貼り付けた試験用加圧脱水試験機を示す。
【符号の説明】
1 支持枠
2 締め付けハンドル
3 スクリューねじ
4 上蓋
5 空気加圧口
6 Oリング
7 ろ過筒本体
8 ピストン
9 凝集物
10a 目皿(目の開き1mm)
10b ろ布張り金網
11 下蓋
12 ゴムパッキン[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for agglomerating, dehydrating and reducing the volume of highly hydrous dredged mud obtained from lakes, rivers, and harbors while minimizing the impact on the environment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when reducing the volume of high-moisture dredged bottom mud obtained from lakes, rivers, harbors, etc., the method of drying the sun by dredging the bottom mud with a dredger and sending it to the surrounding dike, Alternatively, a method of adding a polyacrylamide type flocculant to agglomerate and then reducing the volume by a dehydrator has been taken.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In many cases, sludge-like substances are deposited and deposited on the bottom of lakes, rivers, harbors, etc., but they are often sludge-rich substances rich in nutrients, Enriched nutrients such as phosphorus cause phytoplankton abnormalities and methane gas, causing a significant environmental degradation.
One of the most effective ways to clean polluted lakes, rivers and harbors is to remove and remove this nutrient-rich sludge, which the government and many local governments have been working on. Although it has achieved a certain result, most of the methods are to dry the sludge sent from the dredger to the treatment yard, and the treatment yard requires large-scale embankment work. Since it takes a long time (one year or more) before the yard can be reused, most of them are worried about securing the disposal site.
[0004]
Sun drying takes time, and even after drying, there is no pressure resistance at the disposal site, and the use of the disposal site is limited, so the method of mechanical dehydration by adding an acrylamide-based flocculant, and Recently, some methods of mechanical dehydration using ultra-high pressure without chemicals have been adopted.
However, it is not preferable to use acrylamide-based flocculants in large quantities in nature due to the toxicity problem of residual acrylamide monomers. For example, the “Guidelines for Water Treatment Plant Wastewater Treatment Facilities” edited by the Waterworks Division, Environmental Health Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare. ”Prohibits the use of acrylamide flocculants in the water purification process. In addition, acrylamide-based flocculants are often used in combination with a large amount of polyaluminum chloride or sulfated clay, and in this case, the salinity and sulfate radicals in the separated water become a problem. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid the use of acrylamide-based flocculants as much as possible, especially in closed water areas such as lakes and rivers with downstream intakes.
In addition, none of the methods of performing mechanical dehydration with no chemical injection or adding a small amount of an inorganic flocculant requires high pressure for dehydration, so there is no suitable dehydration method other than a high-pressure filter press. However, the high-pressure filter press cannot be operated continuously, so its processing capacity is small and it is not suitable for mass processing.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, first, an alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or an alkali metal salt of silicic acid is added to dredged bottom mud having a water content of 400% or more, and then an acidic aqueous solution of polyacrylate is added to the floc. Further, the present invention relates to a method for treating a high-water content dredged bottom mud, including natural or forced dehydration after adding an inorganic salt as necessary.
[0006]
In the present invention, a small amount of an alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or an alkali metal salt of silicic acid is first added to a high water content dredged mud having a water content ratio of 400% or more, and after sufficiently stirring, a polyacrylate Add an acidic solution of. When the alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or alkali metal salt of silicic acid is added, the viscosity does not increase, but when an acid solution of polyacrylate is added, the viscosity increases temporarily. Eventually, the polyacrylate agglomerates with suspended particles inside, creating a hydrophobic floc. Subsequently, when a very small amount of inorganic salt is added and stirred, the floc shrinks (condenses) and becomes a strong floc. Therefore, when this is applied to a dehydrator, sludge having a low water content can be easily obtained. If the water content of the dredged bottom mud is 900% or more, that is, if the dredged mud concentration is low and there is a lot of free water after agglomeration treatment, it can be dehydrated even if it is piled up to a certain volume reduction. In addition, dehydration and volume reduction may be performed using a simple forced dehydration method such as bag dehydration.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The water content of the high water content dredged bottom mud that is the subject of the present invention is 400% or more. If the water content is less than this, even if the agglomeration treatment can be carried out, the separation water cannot be obtained at all by the dehydrator or only a small amount can be obtained, and there is no merit of volume reduction.
The water content ratio (%) means a value obtained by multiplying the weight ratio of water to the dry weight of dredged mud by 100, and dredged mud having a water content of 400% is, for example, 20 g of dredged mud bottom mud. It consists of 80 grams of water.
[0008]
The operation of the present invention will be described.
The colloids that make up dredged mud are strongly negatively charged and repel each other with a polymer of strong anions such as polyacrylate, so agglomeration is unlikely to occur in a single solution of polyacrylate, It is an essential condition to neutralize the negative colloidal charge.
However, as is done in general water treatment, divalent and trivalent inorganic metal salt aqueous solutions, such as aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride aqueous solutions, are used for neutralization of electric charge, especially at high concentrations of dredging. In mud, gelation of dredged mud occurs due to rapid neutralization of electric charge, which hinders mixing with polyacrylate in the next process. In addition, the pH of the system is lowered and the function of the polyacrylate is dulled. In addition, crawl ions and sulfate radical ions remain in the separated water from the dehydrator, and the salt concentration in the wastewater becomes very high, so there is a problem in using it for lakes and river dredging.
In contrast, an alkali metal salt of aluminate or an alkali metal salt of silicic acid usually exhibits strong alkalinity and does not have a free cation. Therefore, even if this is added to dredged bottom mud, gelation does not decrease, but the viscosity tends to decrease. Under a low viscosity, after sufficiently mixing dredged bottom mud and alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or alkali metal salt of silicic acid, an acid solution of polyacrylate is added. In the case of an alkali metal salt of aluminate, the pH is lowered by contact with an aqueous solution of an acidic polyacrylate, and free aluminum ions are produced. Aggregation due to acid salts is considered to occur. In the case of an alkali metal salt of silicic acid, the reaction mechanism is not clear, but in the same way as the alkali metal salt of aluminate, agglomeration occurs upon contact with an acidic aqueous acrylic acid solution. In either case, unlike aluminum sulfate or polyaluminum chloride, the salt concentration in the separated water is not increased.
The same effect can be obtained by using a cationic polymer flocculant instead of an alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or an alkali metal salt of silicic acid, but the cationic polymer flocculant has fish toxicity. This is not suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
[0009]
The alkali metal salt of aluminate and the alkali metal salt of silicic acid used in the present invention are usually added in powder form, but even if added as an aqueous solution, the effect is not changed. When using an alkali metal salt of aluminate alone, the amount added. When using an alkali metal salt of silicic acid alone, the amount added. Combined use of an alkali metal salt of aluminate and an alkali metal salt of silicic acid. In this case, the total amount added depends on the nature of the soil particles constituting the dredged mud, the nature and content of the organic matter contained in the dredged mud, and the nature and content of the metal contained in the dredged mud. Since it is different, a preliminary test will be conducted in advance, but a range of 0.2 to 2 grams, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 grams per 100 grams of dredged mud anhydride is preferable. Below 0.2 grams, the neutralization of the negative charge of the colloid is inadequate, and above 2 grams disturbs the action of the polyacrylate added later.
[0010]
The polyacrylate used in the present invention is generally high in safety, and among them, sodium polyacrylate is a highly safe substance designated as a food additive by the Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 32, and is effectively separated from waste water from the food industry. It is also used for water purification and clarification of waterworks, and unlike acrylamide polymers, its impact on the environment is not pointed out.
[0011]
The polyacrylate is 0.5 to 2% by weight in a mineral acid solution having a strength such that the pH after dissolving the polyacrylic acid is 4 or less (preferably 3 or less), such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution. Dissolve to a concentration and add to dredged mud. The reason for dissolving in the mineral acid solution is that, as described above, the pH of the alkali metal salt of aluminate and / or the alkali metal salt of silicic acid is lowered to cause an agglomeration reaction, and a higher concentration aqueous solution can be prepared. There are two things to do. The concentration of the polyacrylate aqueous solution is usually about 0.2% by weight, which is a limit in terms of viscosity. However, the concentration can be increased to about 1 to 2% by weight by acidification. Increasing the concentration of the solution contributes to simplification of the process, such as saving the work of melting and reducing the size of the dissolution tank.
An organic acid such as fumaric acid can be used instead of the mineral acid, but the BOD and COD of the separated water is increased, so the mineral acid is more advantageous.
[0012]
Polyacrylate can be added to the dredged mud directly in powder form or dispersed in a liquid that does not dissolve (in this case, acid is added separately). It is often contained in a large amount of metals (iron ions, etc.), and it reacts with these metal ions before the polyacrylate is sufficiently dissolved. Is desirable.
[0013]
The polyacrylate used in the present invention is a polyacrylate having a viscosity of an aqueous solution of 0.2 wt% at pH 9.5 and 25 ° C. of 500 cps or more, more preferably 600 cps or more, and still more preferably 650 cps. Here, the 0.2 wt% aqueous solution is defined as the weight concentration of the polyacrylate in terms of a completely neutralized Na salt. For example, a 0.2% by weight aqueous solution of completely neutralized poly (sodium acrylate) is obtained by dissolving 72 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid and 40 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide in 46888 parts by weight of water in terms of pure matter. Is 47000 parts by weight.
If the pH of the solution is lower than 9.5, adjust with sodium hydroxide. The viscosity is a value measured at 25 ° C. using a B-type viscometer (rotor No. 2).
Usually, the polyacrylic acid salt having a 0.2 wt% aqueous solution having a viscosity of 500 cps or more has a weight average molecular weight of 4 million or more, and more preferably 700 cps or more has a weight average molecular weight of 6 million or more. In the present invention, the polyacrylate refers to those having a water insoluble content of 5% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less.
[0014]
In addition to adsorbing directly to fine soil particles that have lost their charge, polyacrylates bind to the colloidal substances that make up the dredged mud. And, it is considered that the chain polymers are entangled with each other while the soil particles are entrained therein and exhibit an aggregating action. The amount of polyacrylate added depends on how the aggregate is dehydrated and reduced in volume. When the amount of polyacrylate added is decreased, the flocs become weaker. Conversely, when the amount added is increased, the flocs become stronger. That is, the strength of the floc can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of polyacrylate added.
[0015]
After aggregation with the polyacrylate is completed, a small amount of inorganic salt is added as necessary.
The purpose of adding the inorganic salt is firstly to improve the strength of the floc, and secondly, the polyacrylate salt remaining in the liquid phase is aggregated and the polyacrylic acid is separated into the separated water discharged from the dehydration process. This is to prevent the acrylate from leaking and increasing the BOD and COD of the separated water. When an alkali metal salt of aluminate is used, aluminum ions may remain in the separated water if the pH after addition of the acid solution of polyacrylate remains at 7 or higher. However, the addition of an acidic inorganic salt serves to lower the pH of the system and eliminate residual aluminum ions. Aggregation due to polyacrylate occurs when chain polymers are entangled with each other by stirring, but as they are, they are weak flocks and easily collapse or become fine particles. When an inorganic salt is added to a weak floc, the polyacrylate contracts while holding the soil particles inside, and a very strong floc is formed. At the same time, the free polyacrylate remaining in the liquid phase also aggregates and precipitates, so that even if a slightly larger amount of polyacrylate is used, the BOD and COD of the separated water do not increase.
However, for example, when the amount of polyacrylate added is small as in the case of applying the natural dehydration method, the BOD and COD of the separated water does not increase, and the floc strength may be relatively weak. In such a case, the addition of the inorganic salt may be omitted.
[0016]
The inorganic salt used in the present invention is water-soluble, and divalent or higher metal salts (preferably divalent or trivalent metal salts), that is, acidic salts such as polyaluminum chloride and sulfuric acid clay are effective. However, if necessary, a neutral salt such as calcium chloride may be blended with an acidic salt. The addition amount of the divalent or higher metal salt aqueous solution is 0.2 to 2 grams per 100 grams of dredged mud anhydride in terms of pure content.
[0017]
In the dewatering method of agglomerates, a water-permeable layer with a culvert drain pipe buried in the bottom of the pond is used, and the agglomerates are accumulated in the pond and naturally dehydrated under gravity. A lot of drain pipes are installed, the well point method that pumps the water that has entered into the pump, the agglomerate is accumulated, the pond surface is covered with a sheet, and the vacuum pump is attached to the drain pipe with a filter installed in the pond. Examples of the forced compaction vacuum method that is connected and sucked up and the mass processing method using a machine include a dehydration screen method using atmospheric pressure, a belt press method that uses a low pressure, a roll press method, a screw press method that uses a high pressure and a centrifugal separation method.
The type of dehydration method to be used is determined by the sludge utilization method, processing capacity, processing cost, etc. after dehydration. SS leaks into the water.
[0018]
Natural dehydration methods such as underdrainage may be relatively weak flocs, and the amount of polyacrylate added in this case is 0.05 to 0.5 grams in terms of anhydrous per 100 grams of dredged bottom mud anhydride. .
The dehydration method using vacuum is required to be a little stronger than the natural dehydration method. In this case, the amount of polyacrylate added is 0.1 to 0.8 grams in terms of anhydrous per 100 grams of dredged bottom mud anhydride. It is.
The dehydration method using the dehydration method using a low pressure such as a belt press is required to be stronger than the use of vacuum. In this case, the amount of polyacrylate added is 100% of anhydrous dredged mud and is converted to anhydrous. 0.2-1.0 grams.
A dehydration method using a dehydration method in which a strong force is applied to the floc, such as a screw press or a centrifugal separator, requires the strongest floc strength. In this case, the amount of polyacrylate added is dredged bottom mud anhydride 100 It is 0.3 to 1.5 gram in terms of anhydrous per gram.
Below these ranges, a strong floc cannot be obtained, and above these ranges, economic efficiency becomes a problem.
[0019]
As a means of easily knowing whether the agglomerate is dehydrated or not, a method of checking whether the agglomerate leaks from between the fingers when it is held with one hand is often used. The agglomerates ooze out only the water without the agglomerates leaking from between the fingers. That is, it can be easily squeezed with one hand, and it can be seen that it is extremely dewatering. Therefore, not only can the speed of natural dehydration be increased, but when a mechanical dehydration method is adopted, a general-purpose low-pressure dehydrator, for example, a continuous dehydrator such as a screw press, a belt press, a roll press, or a decanter is used. Unlike chemical-free injection and dehydration methods that are limited to high-pressure filter presses, large-volume processing is possible.
[0020]
Next, a method for producing a polyacrylate will be described.
The polyacrylate has a higher degree of polymerization and a smaller water-insoluble content, the resulting aggregate is stronger and more hydrophobic. Such a polyacrylate may be produced by any production method, but can be produced by the following method as an example.
[0021]
Either one or both of alkali metal ions and ammonium ions in acrylic acid is present in an amount of 60 to 120 mol% based on the total acrylic acid, and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, oligosaccharide and saponification. One or more water-soluble compounds having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of 70% or more are allowed to stand in an aqueous solution in the presence of 0.01 to 20% by weight with respect to acrylic acid. Polymerize.
[0022]
The amount of alkali metal ions and / or ammonium ions may be 60 to 120 mol%, more preferably 60 to 110 mol%, based on the total acrylic acid. When the amount of alkali metal ions and / or ammonium ions is insufficient, branching and crosslinking reactions are liable to occur at the end of the polymerization reaction, and water insoluble matter is likely to be formed, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
Moreover, it is good to set the addition amount of a water-soluble compound to the range of 0.01-20 weight% with respect to all acrylic acid. When the addition amount is insufficient, the above effect is not exhibited effectively, and even if it is added in a large amount exceeding 20% by weight, no further effect can be obtained. Since it remains as a boiling organic solvent, it is difficult to remove. A more preferable addition amount of the water-soluble compound is 0.1 to 10% by weight.
[0023]
The above water-soluble compounds that coexist with acrylic acid during polymerization are the most important in producing high-polymers with excellent water solubility without decreasing the polymerization rate and without causing branching or crosslinking reactions at the end of the polymerization reaction. And a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule is selected as shown below.
Specifically, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, monosaccharide (for example, pentose such as arabinose and xylose; hexose such as galactose, glucose, mannose and fructose; deoxyhexose such as 6-deoxyglucose and 6-deoxytalose; Glucuronic acid, uronic acids such as galacturonic acid, etc.), sugar alcohols (eg erythrol, arabinitol, xylitol, sorbitol, galactitol, mannitol, boremitol, octitol etc.), oligosaccharides (eg sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, agarobiose etc. Disaccharides; trisaccharides such as maltotriose; tetrasaccharides such as maltotetraose) and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70% or more (preferably 95% or more), These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Among these, particularly preferred are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin and sugar alcohols which have excellent compatibility with acrylic acid (salt).
[0024]
Although it does not specifically limit as aqueous solution stationary polymerization conditions, Usually, it is a well-known radical polymerization initiator in nitrogen atmosphere, for example, persulfates, such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate; Azobis (2-amidinopropane) An azo compound such as hydrochloride, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyanovaleric acid, etc .; an appropriate amount of a redox initiator comprising a combination of a peroxide, a sulfite, and a reducing agent represented by amines, It is obtained by standing polymerization at 1.5 ° C. for about 1.5-12 hours. In addition, it is preferable to set the polymerization start temperature to 40 ° C. or less in order to obtain a high polymerization degree polymer.
The polyacrylate thus obtained has a high degree of polymerization and a small amount of water-insoluble matter.
Moreover, you may copolymerize about 1-10 mol% of the other monomer which can be copolymerized with acrylate in the grade which does not interfere with performance. Examples of other monomers copolymerizable with acrylate include methacrylate, maleic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and the like.
[0025]
【Example】
The embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Example 1
In a beaker, 500 grams of lake basin mud having a water content of 717% was placed in a beaker, 0.9 grams of sodium aluminate powder (1.44 grams per 100 grams of dredged bottom mud anhydride) was added, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred with a lab stirrer. Next, 50 ml of a solution (pH 2.9) prepared by dissolving 1 gram of a prototype sodium polyacrylate powder manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. per 100 ml of 0.07 N hydrochloric acid solution (0.00 gram in anhydrous conversion per 100 grams of dredged bottom mud anhydride). 82 grams) and stirred vigorously for the first 30 seconds and slowly stirred for the next 60 seconds to create a hydrophobic floc. Further, 0.25 ml of 10% by weight vanadium sulfate soil solution in terms of alumina was added thereto and stirred slowly for 30 seconds. The flocs that were soft at the beginning condensed and a strong and strong floc was formed. This was dehydrated at a pressure of 3 kg / cm 2 using a desktop pressure dehydrator (see FIG. 1) with a 1 mm texture.
The water content of the cake after dehydration was 223%. The properties of the separated water and the volume reduction rate were as shown in Table 1. “Transmittance” in Table 1 is a value representing the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 350 nm with distilled water as 100%. The measurement was performed by Hitachi's 100-60 type double beam spectrophotometer. Further, the “volume reduction rate” was obtained by subtracting from 100 the ratio of the cake volume after dehydration to the test dredging bottom mud volume.
The polyacrylate used in this example had a pH of 9.5 and a 0.2 wt% aqueous solution viscosity (B8L type B viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.) of 700 cps.
[0026]
Comparative Example 1
300 ml of lake water bottom mud having a water content of 717% was sent to a test filter press (desktop filter press manufactured by Nippon Filtration Equipment Co., Ltd.) and dehydrated for 30 minutes at a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 . The water content of the cake after dehydration was 170%, and the cake volume was 72 ml. The properties of the separated water and the volume reduction rate were as shown in Table 1. Since the floc was weak, it could not be dehydrated with a general-purpose dehydrator other than a filter press.
[0027]
Comparative Example 2
First, 2.1 ml of a 9.5% by weight polyaluminum chloride aqueous solution in terms of alumina was added to 300 ml of lake water bottom mud having a water content of 717% and stirred. The whole became a gel, but when 60 ml of a solution obtained by dissolving acrylamide polymer flocculant in a ratio of 0.2 gram was added to 100 ml of water and reacted, large and weak flocs were formed. This was sent to a test pressure dehydration tester (see FIG. 2) to which a filter cloth was attached and dehydrated at a pressure of 3 kg / cm 2 for 10 minutes. The water content of the cake after dehydration was 189%, and the cake volume was 77 ml. The properties of the separated water and the volume reduction rate were as shown in Table 1. Since the flocs were weak, in the pressure dehydration tester for testing in which the texture of FIG. 1 was set, the floc leaked from the texture and could not be dewatered.
[0028]
[Table 1]
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
From the examples, according to the treatment method of the present invention, the volume can be reduced to less than half by agglomerating the dredged mud without adversely affecting the environment, and by using a general-purpose, high-capacity low-pressure dehydrator. I understand. On the other hand, it can be seen that the floc obtained is weak even when treated with no chemical injection or a small amount of acrylamide polymer flocculant as in the comparative example, and a dehydrator other than the high-pressure filter press cannot be used. When Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are compared, it can be seen that the present invention can reduce the crawl ion concentration of the separated water to about 1/4, and is very effective for the clay treatment in a fresh water system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a test pressure dehydration tester set with a rough surface.
FIG. 2 shows a test pressure dehydration tester with a filter cloth attached thereto.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Support frame 2 Clamping handle 3 Screw screw 4
10b Filter cloth wire mesh 11
Claims (7)
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| JP36898098A JP4152510B2 (en) | 1998-12-25 | 1998-12-25 | Treatment method of high water content dredged bottom mud |
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| JP4471112B2 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2010-06-02 | 清水建設株式会社 | Method for coagulating and dewatering muddy water |
| CN111893985B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2025-06-24 | 温州大学 | A vacuum preloading device and vacuum preloading method for a modular container |
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| JPS57130600A (en) * | 1981-02-07 | 1982-08-13 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Dehydration of sludge |
| JP3312773B2 (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 2002-08-12 | 大塚化学株式会社 | Organic sludge treatment method |
| JPH07308700A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1995-11-28 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Flocculant and method for dehydrating sludge |
| JP3795102B2 (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 2006-07-12 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Sludge solidification material and sludge solidification method |
| JP3723625B2 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 2005-12-07 | 株式会社テルナイト | Treatment method for high water content sludge |
| JPH10109100A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Terunaito:Kk | Volumetric treatment method for highly wet dredged bottom mud |
| JPH10272306A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-13 | Nitto Chem Ind Co Ltd | Wastewater dewatering method |
| JP3436690B2 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2003-08-11 | 株式会社大本組 | Dewatering and solidification of high water content slurry |
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