JP3880885B2 - Pneumatic caisson - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pneumatic caisson provided with a hollow shaft for unloading excavated earth and sand from a work chamber formed in a lower part of a caisson body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional pneumatic caisson, for example, the one shown in FIG. 4 is known.
[0003]
In this pneumatic caisson 30, a work chamber slab 33 is provided on the lower side of the caisson body 32, and a high-pressure work chamber 35 surrounded by a blade edge 34 and a natural ground G is formed below the work chamber slab 33. ing.
[0004]
The two openings 36a, 36b of the work chamber slab 33 are provided with a man shaft 37 made of a hollow shaft and a material shaft 38 extending upward, and man locks 41 made of cans each having a pressure-resistant structure at the upper end. A material lock 42 is attached.
[0005]
In such a pneumatic caisson 30, the earth and sand excavated from the natural ground G are loaded into the bucket 43, lifted in the material shaft 38 by a crane (not shown), the second hatch 42b of the material lock 42 is closed, and the first hatch 42a is opened. In this state, the bucket 43 is stored in the material lock 42, the pressure in the material lock 42 is adjusted to atmospheric pressure with the first and second hatches 42a and 42b closed, and then the second hatch 42b is opened to the outside. It is carried out to. In addition, the worker goes in and out through the man shaft 37 and the man lock 41 in the same manner.
[0006]
In such a pneumatic caisson 30, when the excavation of the natural ground G progresses and the caisson main body 32 sinks, it is necessary to add the man shaft 37 and the material shaft 38. However, since the man lock 41 and the material lock 42 are attached to the upper ends of the man shaft 37 and the material shaft 38, the man lock 41 and the material lock 42 must be removed once at the time of addition, and then reattached after the addition. It took a lot of time to add the work. In addition, the manlock 41 and the material lock 42 are also expensive because they are made of a can body having a pressure-resistant structure, which increases the construction cost.
[0007]
Therefore, a pneumatic caisson as shown in FIG. 5 is also used.
[0008]
In this pneumatic caisson 30, a work chamber slab 33 that forms the ceiling of the work chamber 35 is provided on the lower side of the caisson main body 32, and a compartment is formed immediately above the work chamber slab 33. Are used as the manlock 41 and the material lock 42. Here, the manlock 41 and the material lock 42 are integrally formed by placing concrete or the like together with the work chamber slab 33 and the upper slab 46.
[0009]
The manlock 41 and the material lock 42 are partitioned by a partition wall 45, and communicate with the work chamber 35 through the first openings 47 a and 47 b, respectively, and between the manshaft 37 and the material shaft 38. The two openings 48a and 48b communicate with each other. The first openings 47a and 47b are provided with first hatches 49a and 49b, and the second openings 48a and 48b are provided with second hatches 50a and 50b, respectively. The material lock 42 can be sealed.
[0010]
In such a pneumatic caisson 30, when the excavation of the natural ground G progresses and the caisson main body 32 sinks, the man shaft 37 and the material shaft 38 are added together with the caisson. Without removing the lock 42 once, it can be added as it is, and the adding work can be easily performed.
[0011]
In addition, since the manlock 41 and the material lock 42 can be integrally formed with the work room slab 33 and the upper slab 46, the construction cost can be kept low.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the pneumatic caisson 30 may be provided with a pump room, a machine room, and a storage room such as a drainage facility on the work room slab 33. In this case, the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 are widely provided. If so, the inside is used.
[0013]
However, when the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 are provided widely, the air pressure inside the manlock 41 and the material lock 42 is adjusted when the first hatch 49a, 49b and the second hatch 50a, 50b are opened and closed, so that the volume is large. There is a problem that the amount of air supplied or exhausted when adjusting the air pressure is increased by an amount, and the time for adjusting the air pressure becomes longer or the noise increases. Furthermore, if the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 are formed to a minimum size and a new compartment is newly provided, the number of compartments increases, which takes time during construction, and the manlock 4 after construction is completed. In addition, the material lock 5 is wasted.
[0014]
Therefore, in order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the present invention has a compartment having a large volume that can adjust the air pressure with a small amount of air consumption, and also performs an extension work when the caisson body sinks. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic caisson capable of facilitating the maintenance and reducing the construction cost at a low cost.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a work chamber slab for forming a ceiling of the work chamber is formed on the lower side of the caisson body, and a compartment is formed at a position immediately above the work chamber slab. A hollow shaft extends upward from the top wall of the compartment, a first opening communicating between the work chamber and the compartment is provided in the work chamber slab, and a first opening for opening and closing the first opening is provided. A pneumatic caisson provided with one hatch, a second opening provided in the top wall for communicating between the compartment and the hollow shaft, and a second hatch for opening and closing the second opening. A volume reducing means for reducing the volume of the space in the compartment is removably provided around the communication path connecting the first opening and the second opening inside the compartment. And
[0016]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to the first aspect, the volume reducing means is detachably provided in the compartment, and the wall panel and the inner wall of the compartment And an incompressible filler packed between the two.
[0017]
The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in addition to the configuration described in claim 1, the volume reducing means is configured by stacking incompressible packing materials accommodated in a plurality of storage containers. To do.
[0018]
The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure described in claim 2 or 3, the incompressible filler is water.
[0019]
The invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure described in claim 2 or 3, the incompressible filler is earth and sand excavated in the work chamber.
[0020]
The invention described in claim 6 is, in addition to the structure described in claim 2, a rod-shaped guide member that guides the transferred object inside the wall panel is oriented in the direction along the communication path. It is characterized by.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0022]
Embodiment 1 of the Invention
1 and 2 show the pneumatic caisson of the first embodiment.
[0023]
First, the configuration will be described. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a pneumatic caisson, and a work room slab 3 that forms the ceiling of the work room 2 is provided on the lower side of the caisson body 1. A manlock 4 and a material lock 5 as compartments are formed immediately above.
[0024]
The ceiling walls of the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 are formed by an upper slab 6 provided on the upper side of the work chamber slab 3, and the space between the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 is partitioned by a partition wall 6a. The manlock 4 and material lock 5 and the work chamber 2 are partitioned by a work chamber slab 3 and communicated with each other through first openings 11 a and 11 b penetrating the work chamber slab 3.
[0025]
Further, a man shaft 7 and a material shaft 8 which are hollow shafts are provided above the upper slab 6 so as to extend, and between the man lock 4 and the material lock 5 and the man shaft 7 and the material shaft 8 are upper portions. The second openings 12a and 12b that pass through the slab 6 communicate with each other.
[0026]
The first openings 11a and 11b are provided with first hatches 13a and 13b made of an opening / closing door that can be closed airtightly by closing the first openings 11a and 11b, and the second openings 12a and 12b include Similarly, second hatches 14a and 14b are provided which are open / close doors that can close the second openings 12a and 12b in an airtight manner. The first hatches 13a and 13b and the second hatches 14a and 14b may be configured to be manually openable / closable. However, in the first embodiment, the air cylinders 18a and 18b are controlled by remote control from the ground. It can be opened and closed by operation.
[0027]
Further, in the material lock 5, a removable volume reducing means 21 is disposed around the communication path 20 connecting the first opening 11 b and the second opening 12 b, and the volume of the volume reducing means 21 is set. Therefore, the volume of the space in the material lock 5 is reduced.
[0028]
Here, the volume reducing means 21 can be appropriately used as long as it has a volume that reduces the volume in the material lock 5, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. It is comprised from the wall panel 22 provided so that removal was possible, and the incompressible filler 23 with which it filled between the inner wall surface 5a of the material lock 5, and the wall panel 22. FIG.
[0029]
The wall panel 22 has a large diameter portion 22a on the upper side and a small diameter portion 22b on the lower side, and the large diameter portion 22a and the small diameter portion 22b are connected by a connecting ring 22c. The small diameter portion 22b is set to have a small inner diameter within a range in which the bucket 17 can be transferred, and is fixed in an airtight manner with the work chamber slab 3. The large diameter portion 22a is set to have an inner diameter larger than that of the small diameter portion 22b. And the outer surface of the large diameter part 22a, the small diameter part 22b, and the connection ring 22c is arrange | positioned in the state which contacted the incompressible filler 23. FIG.
[0030]
Further, a rod-shaped guide member 25 is disposed inside the wall panel 22. The guide member 25 is composed of a plurality of rod-like bodies oriented in the axial direction of the communication path 20. Each guide member 25 extends from the small diameter portion 22 b to the large diameter portion 22 a and can guide the bucket 17 as long as possible in the communication path 20. The large diameter portion 22a is fixed to a stay 25a fixed to the large diameter portion 22a.
[0031]
On the other hand, the incompressible filling 23 is made of a material that is not compressed by the pressure in the working chamber 2 and can substantially maintain the volume, and is filled in the material lock 5. What has the form which is easy and is easy to remove is suitable. For example, liquids such as water, powders such as sand, granules made of various fine particles, compacts such as blocks, and the like can be exemplified. In this embodiment, water is used.
[0032]
The upper slab 6 which is the top wall of the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 is provided with air supply pipes 15a and 15b for supplying compressed air and exhaust pipes 16a and 16b for releasing indoor air, respectively. 6 extends upward from 6. The supply pipes 15a and 15b are piped so as to supply compressed air from a compressor (not shown) arranged on the ground into the room, and the exhaust pipes 16a and 16b are openings arranged in the upper part of the caisson main body 1 in the room. It is piped so that it can discharge | emit from part 16c, 16d. Further, in the material lock 5, the air supply pipe 15 b and the exhaust pipe 16 b are opened inside the large-diameter portion 22 a of the wall panel 22 at a position that is outside the guide member 25.
[0033]
These air supply pipes 15a and 15b and exhaust pipes 16a and 16b may all be provided with valves that can be opened and closed by remote operation, but in the first embodiment, valves that can be opened and closed manually are provided.
[0034]
In the pneumatic caisson 10 having such a configuration, in order to discharge the earth and sand excavated from the natural ground G, first, the bucket 17 loaded with the excavated earth and sand is opened with the crane (not shown) by opening the first hatch 13b and the second. With the hatch 14b closed, the work chamber 2 is lifted up to the material lock 5. And the 1st hatch 13b is closed, the valve | bulb of the exhaust pipe 16b is opened, the air in the material lock 5 is discharge | released to the upper part in the caisson main body 1, and it decompresses. Then, the 2nd hatch 14b is opened, the bucket 17 is lifted on the ground through the inside of the material shaft 8, carried out outside, and discarded.
[0035]
In order to put the bucket 17 into the work chamber 2 again, first, the material shaft 8 is first lowered, the first hatch 13b is closed, and the second hatch 14b is opened. Return 17 Then, the second hatch 14b is closed, the valve of the exhaust pipe 16b is closed, the valve of the air supply pipe 15b is opened, compressed air is sent from the air supply pipe 15b into the material lock 5, and is substantially the same as in the work chamber 2. Pressurize to pressure. Then, the first hatch 13 b is opened and the bucket 17 is put into the work chamber 2.
[0036]
In addition, in order to enter or leave the work room 2, the worker opens and closes the first hatch 13a and the second hatch 14a in the same manner as the material lock 5, and accommodates the worker in the man lock 4, and then What is necessary is to adjust the air pressure in the manlock 4 by opening and closing the valves of the exhaust pipe 16a and the air supply pipe 15a.
[0037]
In such a pneumatic caisson 10, the excavation of the natural ground G progresses and the caisson main body 1 sinks, so that the working chamber slab 3 and the upper slab 6 descend, and the manshaft 7 and the material shaft 8 upper part corresponding thereto. When the end is lowered, the man shaft 7 and the material shaft 8 are added together with the caisson.
[0038]
At that time, a manlock 4 and a material lock 5 are provided immediately above the work chamber slab 3, and the manshaft 7 and the material shaft 8 extend upward from the upper slab 6 which is the top wall of the manlock 4 and the material lock 5. Therefore, in order to add the man shaft 7 and the material shaft 8, it is not necessary to remove the man lock 4 and the material lock 5 as in the prior art, and the adding work can be easily performed. Therefore, there is little work at high places and safety is high, and it is not necessary to use a large crane, and the working time can be shortened, and the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
[0039]
Further, the manlock 4 and the material lock 5 can be integrally formed with the working room slab 3 and the upper slab 6 by placing concrete, etc. Compared to a can body having a pressure-resistant structure using a thick metal or the like. And cheap. Therefore, the construction cost can be further reduced.
[0040]
In addition, since the volume reducing means 21 is provided around the communication path 20 connecting the first opening 11b and the second opening 12b inside the material lock 5, the size of the bucket 17 using the material lock 5 is set in advance. Regardless, it can be formed large and then adjusted to the size of the bucket 17. If the volume of the space in the material lock 5 is reduced by the volume reducing means 21 in this way, the amount of air necessary for adjusting the air pressure in the material lock 5 can be reduced, and supplied or discharged when adjusting the air pressure. The amount of air that is produced can be reduced, and the air pressure adjustment time can be reduced.
[0041]
Moreover, since the material lock 5 is formed in the lower part of the caisson body, the sound when the compressed air is discharged is not easily transmitted to the outside, and the amount of discharged air can be reduced. Noise can be reduced.
[0042]
In such a pneumatic caisson 10, the volume reducing means 21 can be removed when, for example, a pump room, a machine room, or a storage room such as a drainage facility is required during or after construction. Since it is possible to remove the incompressible filler 23 or to remove the wall panel 2 if necessary, by removing some or all of these, The volume of the material lock 5 can be easily increased. Therefore, even when the material lock 5 is used for other uses such as a pump chamber, a sufficient volume can be secured.
[0043]
Further, in the first embodiment, the volume reducing means 21 is filled between the wall panel 22 detachably provided in the material lock 5 and the wall panel 22 and the inner wall surface 5 a of the material lock 5. Since the compressive filler 23 is constituted, the communication path 20 can be reliably partitioned by the wall panel 22, and even if the incompressible filler 23 is easily displaced or deformed, the communication path 20 is not deformed or blocked. Further, since the outside of the wall panel 22 can be supported by the incompressible filler 23 and the stress applied to the wall panel 22 from within the material lock 5 can be received by the incompressible filler 23, the wall panel It is not necessary to make 22 a strong pressure | voltage resistant structure, and it can hold down cost low.
[0044]
Moreover, since water is used as the incompressible filler 23, the incompressible filler 23 is filled or removed between the inner wall surface 5 a of the material lock 5 and the wall panel 22. It is easy to transport and work.
[0045]
Furthermore, since the rod-shaped guide member 25 is arranged in the direction along the communication path 20 inside the wall panel 22, when the bucket 17 is repeatedly transported through the communication path 20, the bucket 17 becomes the rod-shaped guide 25. It is easy to be guided and transported, and since the bucket 17 does not come into contact with the wall panel 22, it is possible to prevent the wall panel 22 from being worn or damaged.
[0046]
[Embodiment 2 of the Invention]
Next, another embodiment of the invention will be described.
[0047]
In the pneumatic caisson 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the incompressible filler 23 filled in the material lock 5 accommodates the earth and sand excavated in the work chamber 2 in a plurality of bags or the like. It is the same as Embodiment 1 of the invention except that it is configured to be stacked while being accommodated in the container 27.
[0048]
According to such a pneumatic caisson 1, since the incompressible filler 23 is accommodated and stacked in the plurality of accommodating containers 27, the excavated sediment that is a deformable aggregate is used as the incompressible filler 23. Even if it is used, the incompressible filling 23 can be arranged at a fixed position by simply stacking the storage containers 27, and the communication path 20 may be deformed or closed due to the displacement of the incompressible filling 23. There is nothing.
[0049]
Moreover, in the second embodiment, the communication path 20 can be formed by a plurality of stacked storage containers 27 without using the wall panel 22 having the large diameter portion 22a and the small diameter portion 22b.
[0050]
Further, since the incompressible filler 23 is earth and sand excavated in the working chamber, the excavated earth and sand generated in a large amount during construction can be reused in the pneumatic caisson 1, and the cost of the incompressible filler 23 is increased. It is possible to reduce the soil discharge.
[0051]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the above Embodiment 1 or 2, It can change suitably.
[0052]
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the wall panel having airtightness is used. However, the wall panel may be formed of a member without airtightness as long as the communication path can be secured. Furthermore, the volume reducing means can be configured without using a wall panel as long as the communication path can be secured.
[0053]
In the above description, incompressible fillers such as fluid, powder, and granules are used. However, the volume reducing means may be configured using concrete, mortar, or the like. In that case, it is preferable to make the shape easy to remove concrete or mortar, or to provide locking means such as a hook.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the invention described in claim 1, the compartment is formed at a position directly above the work chamber slab, the hollow shaft is extended upward from the top wall of the compartment, and the work chamber, the compartment, Since the first opening and the first hatch are provided in the working chamber slab between, and the second opening and the second hatch are provided in the ceiling wall between the compartment and the inside of the hollow shaft, when adding the hollow shaft, There is no need to remove the compartment, it is possible to easily add the hollow shaft when the caisson body is lowered, and it is easy to add, and the compartment can be formed integrally with the work room slab at low cost. Therefore, the construction cost can be kept low.
[0055]
Moreover, since the volume reducing means is provided around the communication path connecting the first opening and the second opening inside the compartment, and the volume of the space in the compartment can be reduced, the compartment is transferred. Even if a compartment with a large volume is provided regardless of the size of the object, it is possible to reduce the amount of air when adjusting the air pressure in the compartment. Therefore, the amount of air supplied or discharged during air pressure adjustment can be reduced, adjustment time can be reduced, and noise can be reduced.
[0056]
On the other hand, since the volume reducing means is provided so as to be removable, the volume in the compartment can be easily increased only by removing the volume reducing means. Therefore, it is easy to use the compartment for other purposes.
[0057]
According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the effect of claim 1, the volume reducing means is detachably provided in the compartment, and the wall panel and the inner wall of the compartment The communication path can be defined by a wall panel. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the communication passage from being deformed or blocked due to the displacement or deformation of the incompressible filler, and the outside of the wall panel can be supported by the incompressible filler. Thus, the stress applied to the wall panel can be received by the incompressible filler, and it is not necessary to strengthen the wall panel, and the cost can be kept low.
[0058]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the effect of claim 1, the volume reducing means is configured by storing the incompressible fillers in a plurality of storage containers and stacking them. Even if non-compressible packing materials such as powder, granules, etc. are used, they can be placed in a fixed position simply by storing them in a container and stacking them. Will not be deformed or blocked.
[0059]
According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effect of claim 2 or 3, since the incompressible packing is water, it is easy to transport and between the inner wall surface of the compartment and the wall panel. It is easy to be filled and removed, making the operation easy.
[0060]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the effect described in claim 2 or 3, since the incompressible filler is earth and sand excavated in the working chamber, earth and sand generated in a large amount by the caisson method. Can be reused in the caisson, and it is possible to reduce the cost of the incompressible packing and to reduce the soil discharge.
[0061]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the effect of claim 2, the bar-shaped guide member for guiding the transferred object is arranged inside the wall panel so as to be oriented along the communication path. Therefore, when a transported object such as a bucket is repeatedly transported through the communication path, the transported object is guided by the rod-shaped guide, so that the transported object is not easily brought into contact with the wall panel. Breakage can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a pneumatic caisson according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a material lock of the pneumatic caisson according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a material lock of a pneumatic caisson according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional pneumatic caisson in which a manlock and a material lock are provided on the upper part of a hollow shaft.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional pneumatic caisson in which a manlock and a material lock are provided at the lower part of a hollow shaft.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Caisson body 2 Work room 3 Work room slab 4 Manlock (compartment room)
5 Material lock (compartment)
6 Upper slab (top wall)
7 Man shaft (hollow shaft)
8 Material shaft (hollow shaft)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Pneumatic caisson 11a, 11b 1st opening 12a, 12b 2nd opening 13a, 13b 1st hatch 14a, 14b 2nd hatch 17 Bucket 20 Communication path 21 Volume reduction means 22 Wall panel 23 Incompressible filling 25 Guide member 27 Container

Claims (6)

A working chamber slab that forms a ceiling of the working chamber is formed on the lower side of the caisson body, a compartment is formed at a position directly above the working chamber slab, and a hollow shaft is extended upward from the top wall of the compartment, A first opening that communicates between the work chamber and the compartment is provided in the work chamber slab, and a first hatch that opens and closes the first opening is provided between the compartment and the hollow shaft. A pneumatic caisson provided with a second hatch that opens and closes the second opening, and a second opening that communicates with the top wall.
A volume reducing means for reducing the volume of the space in the compartment is detachably provided around the communication path connecting the first opening and the second opening inside the compartment. Matic caisson. The volume reducing means is composed of a wall panel detachably provided in the compartment, and an incompressible filler filled between the wall panel and the inner wall surface of the compartment. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 1, wherein the volume reducing means is configured by stacking incompressible fillers accommodated in a plurality of accommodating containers. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the incompressible filling is water. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the incompressible filling is earth and sand excavated in the work chamber. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 2, wherein a bar-shaped guide member for guiding a transferred object is arranged inside the wall panel so as to be oriented along the communication path.

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