JP3884658B2 - Manufacturing method of fine particle integrated substrate - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of fine particle integrated substrate Download PDFInfo
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- JP3884658B2 JP3884658B2 JP2002026146A JP2002026146A JP3884658B2 JP 3884658 B2 JP3884658 B2 JP 3884658B2 JP 2002026146 A JP2002026146 A JP 2002026146A JP 2002026146 A JP2002026146 A JP 2002026146A JP 3884658 B2 JP3884658 B2 JP 3884658B2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 110
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 ITO Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VOQMPZXAFLPTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)piperidine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1CCNCC1 VOQMPZXAFLPTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、基板表面に微粒子の単粒子層を有する微粒子集積化基板の製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、二次元粒子アレイとして有用であり、表面規制された触媒反応や反応場、センサー、マスク、光干渉膜、非線形光学材料などへの応用が可能である微粒子集積化基板の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、基板上へのナノ微粒子の集積化に関する研究が、センサー、オプトエレクトロニクス等のデバイスへの応用に向けて注目されており、これまでには、溶媒蒸発時に生じる毛細管力を利用してナノ微粒子を基板表面上に配列制御する方法(Langmuir,13,2582-4(1997))が提案され、よく知られている。
一方、本発明者は、2,6−(ビスベンズイミダゾール)ピリジン(以下、bbimpと称することがある。)をアンカー基として、金のナノ微粒子を基板表面上に配列制御する方法(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,122,4237-8(2000))や、ホスホン酸−bbimpアンカー基を有するRu錯体をガラス基板上に自己集積化膜(SAM)として形成させてその上にシリカ微粒子の単粒子層を自然吸着により形成する方法(First International Conference on Molecular Electronics & Bioelectronics,6P-PB-77b(2001))を既に提案している。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記従来の方法により得られる、微粒子を集積化した基板においては、微粒子は単粒子層となる状態で配列されてはいるが、基板素地が露出している部分が多く、上記センサーやオプトエレクトロニクス等のデバイスへ応用するには、微粒子の集積状態の程度がまだ十分ではなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の解決しようとする課題は、基板表面上に微粒子が単粒子層として集積してなり、かつ、上記微粒子の集積状態に優れる、新規な微粒子集積化基板の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を行った。その結果、基板表面上での微粒子の集積状態に着目することで、上記各種デバイスに応用することができるのではないかと考え、推測および実験を繰り返した。従来の方法により得られていたものは、前述のように、基板上に微粒子層が幾層にも重なっていたり、また、微粒子の単粒子層であっても微粒子の存在しない空隙が多くあったからである。つまり、このような集積状態を改良することで上記各種デバイスに応用できるのではないかと考えたのである。
【0006】
かかる知見に基づき種々検討した結果、基板表面上に微粒子が最密化した状態の単粒子層として集積している微粒子集積化基板とする製造方法であれば、上記課題を一挙に解決し得ることを確認し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明にかかる微粒子集積化基板の製造方法は、基板表面上に微粒子の単粒子層を有する微粒子集積化基板を得る方法であって、前記基板表面上に遠心力をかけることにより前記微粒子の単粒子層を形成させる工程を含む、ことを特徴とする。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明にかかる基材およびその製造方法について詳しく説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの説明に拘束されることはなく、以下の例示以外についても、本発明の趣旨を損なわない範囲で適宜実施し得る。
〔微粒子集積化基板〕
本発明にかかる微粒子集積化基板(以下、本発明の微粒子集積化基板と称することがある。)は、本体となる基板表面上に微粒子の単粒子層を有し、前記単粒子層は前記微粒子が最密化してなる層であることを特徴とする。つまり、前記単粒子層は前記微粒子が最密状態で集積してなる層であることを特徴とする。
【0009】
上記基板(本体となる基板)としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、プラスチック等の各種ポリマー、金属、金属酸化物、金属水酸化物、ガラス、セラミクスなどを好ましく挙げることができる。なかでも、ガラス、ITO、金がより好ましい。ITOや金を表面に有する各種ポリマー、金属、金属酸化物、金属水酸化物、ガラス、セラミクスなども好ましい。
基板は、通常、板状であることが好ましいが、特に限定されるわけではなく、具体的には、例えば、シート状、フィルム状などの各種形態のものを用いることができる。
【0010】
微粒子としては、特に限定はされないが、例えば、有機ポリマー、金属、金属酸化物および金属水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種を必須成分とする微粒子が好ましい。具体的には、シリカ、ITO、金から選ばれる少なくとも1種を必須成分とする微粒子がより好ましく、さらにより好ましくはシリカ粒子、ITO粒子、金粒子である。また、各種有機ポリマー微粒子、金属酸化物粒子または金属水酸化物粒子の表面にITOや金が存在する微粒子であってもよい。
微粒子の平均粒子径は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、0.001〜50μmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.01〜10μm、さらにより好ましくは0.03〜5μmである。上記平均粒子径が0.001μm未満であると、微粒子層が幾層にも重なった状態になり単粒子層となりにくいおそれがあり、50μmを超えると、基板表面上に微粒子の存在しない空隙が多く存在することとなるおそれがある。
【0011】
微粒子の粒度分布については、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、微粒子径の変動係数が、10%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5%以下、さらにより好ましくは3%以下である。上記変動係数が10%を超えると、微粒子層が幾層にも重なった状態になったり、基板表面上に微粒子の存在しない空隙が多く存在することとなるおそれがある。
微粒子の形状は、特に限定はされないが、具体例としては、球状、楕円球状、立方体状、直方体状、多面体状、ピラミッド状などが例示される。なかでも、最密化した状態の単粒子層となりやすいため球状が好ましい。
【0012】
本発明の微粒子集積化基板においては、微粒子は基板表面上に単粒子から成る層を形成して存在するが、全ての微粒子が完全に単粒子層となっていることには限定されず、実質的に全ての微粒子が単粒子層を形成していればよい。具体的には、70%以上の微粒子が単粒子層となっていれば好ましく、より好ましくは80%以上、さらにより好ましくは90%以上、最も好ましくは100%である。単粒子層を形成している微粒子が70%未満であると、上記各種デバイスに応用した場合に所望の特性を発現しにくくなるおそれがあり、例えば、光干渉膜に応用した場合、光干渉作用が低減し、所望の干渉色が発現しにくくなる。
【0013】
本発明の微粒子集積化基板において、微粒子が基板表面上で単粒子層となっていることの確認は、電子顕微鏡により微粒子集積化基板表面の任意の部分を観察することによって行う。なお、電子顕微鏡による微粒子集積化基板表面の観察は、一視野に500〜1500個の範囲内の微粒子が確認できる倍率により行うこととし、以下に示す電子顕微鏡での各種観察も、同様の条件下での観察とする。本発明の微粒子集積化基板においては、微粒子は基板表面上に最密化した状態で上記単粒子層となっているが、基板表面上の全ての微粒子が完全に最密状態となっている必要は無く、実質的に全ての微粒子が最密状態となっていればよい。具体的には、電子顕微鏡により微粒子集積化基板表面の任意の部分を観察したときに、観察した部分全体の面積(100%)から、微粒子以外の基板素地の見える面積割合(%)を引いた値(以下、最密化度と称することがある。)が、50%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60%以上、さらにより好ましくは65%以上、最も好ましくは70%以上である。上記最密化度が50%未満であると、上記各種デバイスに応用した場合、所望の特性を発現しにくくなるおそれがあり、例えば、光干渉膜に応用した場合、光干渉作用が低減し、所望の干渉色が発現しにくくなる。なお、最密化度の定義・測定方法は、下記実施例においても同様であるとする。
【0014】
本発明の微粒子集積化基板においては、前記基板表面と前記単粒子層との間に、チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体の膜を有することが好ましい。
上記金属錯体の金属としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、Ru、Fe、Znなどを好ましく挙げることができ、なかでも、Ruが特に好ましい。
上記チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、ビス(2,6−ビス(N−ホスホアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)ルテニウム、(2,6−ビス(N−ホスホアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)(2,6−ビス(N−メルカプトアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)ルテニウム、および、これら各種金属錯体のルテニウムに代えて鉄や亜鉛とした金属錯体などを挙げることができる。
【0015】
本発明の微粒子集積化基板は、特に二次元粒子アレイとして有用であり、触媒反応場、センサー、マスク、光干渉膜、非線形光学材料、オプトエレクトロニクス等の技術分野における種々のデバイスに好適に応用することができる。
〔微粒子集積化基板の製造方法〕
本発明にかかる微粒子集積化基板の製造方法(以下、本発明の微粒子集積化基板の製造方法と称することがある。)は、基板表面上に微粒子が最密化してなる単粒子層を備えたものを得る方法であって、前記基板表面上に遠心力をかけた状態で前記微粒子を接触させる工程を含む、ことを特徴とする。
【0016】
本発明の微粒子集積化基板の製造方法において、上記接触の方法としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、遠心管内に上記微粒子の懸濁液を入れ、遠心管の底部に上記処理後の基板を配置させて、遠心機を作動させて回転させることで、基板表面に最密状態の微粒子の単粒子層を形成させる方法などを挙げることができる。
例えば、上述のように遠心機等を用いる場合、回転数は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、15000rpm以上(13000G以上)であることが好ましい。上記回転数が15000rpm未満場合は、単粒子層の配列状態が最密化がされにくくなるおそれがある。
【0017】
また、回転時間は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、5〜120分であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜60分である。回転時間が5分未満の場合は単粒子層の配列状態が最密化されにくくなるおそれがある。
本発明の微粒子集積化基板の製造方法においては、上述のように基板表面上に遠心力をかけた状態で微粒子を接触させる前に、基板の表面を、チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体で処理する工程を含むことが好ましい。
上記金属錯体による処理の方法としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体を溶媒に溶解させた溶液中に、基板を浸漬しておくことなどにより得ることが好ましい。
【0018】
上記チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体は、上記本発明の微粒子集積化基板の説明記載で例示したものと同様のものを好ましく挙げることできる。
上記処理において用いることのできる溶媒は、上記金属錯体を溶解させることができるものであれば特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール、2−プロパノール、ブタノールなどのアルコール類や、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブなどのセロソルブ類等が好ましい。
【0019】
上記溶液中の、チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体の濃度は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、50μM以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは100μM以上、さらにより好ましくは200μM以上である。上記濃度が50μM未満の場合は、基板の表面処理が効率的に行われないため、長時間の処理が必要となるおそれがある。
基板を上記溶液に浸漬させておく時間は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、30分以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60分以上、さらにより好ましくは90分以上である。上記浸漬時間が30分未満であると、基板表面が十分に処理されないおそれがある。
【0020】
上述のように、基板の表面を、チオール基および/またはホスホン酸基を含有するビスベンズイミダゾールピリジン誘導体の金属錯体で処理しておくことにより、微粒子と基板表面との静電的相互作用が適度な状態となり、微粒子が単粒子層として配列しやすくなる等の優れた効果を得ることができる。
本発明の微粒子集積化基板の製造方法においては、上述の工程により、基板の表面に微粒子が最密化した状態の単粒子層を形成するようにした後、メタノール等のアルコール中に浸漬するなどしてリンスすることにより余分に吸着した微粒子を除去することが好ましい。除去後は、室温下にて自然乾燥することが好ましい。
〔導電性物質含有基板の製造方法〕
本発明にかかる導電性物質含有基板の製造方法(以下、本発明の導電性物質含有基板の製造方法と称することがある。)は、上記本発明にかかる微粒子集積化基板の表面における単粒子層の微粒子と微粒子との隙間に導電性物質を埋めた後、に、前記微粒子を除去することを特徴とする。
【0021】
上記導電性物質は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、導電性の金属や金属酸化物であることが好ましく、例えば、ITO、金、ニッケル、銅などを挙げることができる。
本発明の導電性物質含有基板の製造方法において、上述のように微粒子と微粒子との隙間に導電性物質を埋める方法としては、特に限定はされるわけではなく、例えば、物理的または化学的に導電性物質を析出させる方法等を挙げることができるが、具体的には、真空蒸着、スパッタリング、CVD、化学めっきなどの方法を挙げることができる。
【0022】
なお、本発明の導電性物質含有基板の製造方法においては、導電性物質を微粒子と微粒子との隙間に埋めるにあたっては、後に微粒子を除去できる程度に、好ましくは隙間のみに埋めるようにする。つまり、例えば、上記隙間を埋めてはいるものの、さらに基板表面上の微粒子を覆ってしまうことにより、後で微粒子を除去できないような形態は、本発明には含まないとする。
上記各種方法により隙間を埋める場合、上述のように埋めることが出来るよう適宜各種条件を調整することが望ましい。
本発明の導電性物質含有基板の製造方法において、上記隙間を埋めた後、微粒子集積化基板から微粒子を除去する方法としては、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例えば、アルコールに浸漬させて超音波を当てる方法などを挙げることができる。
【0023】
超音波を当てる場合、当てておく時間は、特に限定はされないが、具体的には、30秒以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60秒以上である。30秒未満の場合は、微粒子の除去が不完全となるおそれがある。
本発明の導電性物質含有基板の製造方法によれば、基板表面上に超微粒子状の導電性物質が非常に微細な間隔をもって多数配置されてなる導電性物質膜を備えたものを容易に得ることができ、特に基板上へのエレクトロニクスやオプトエレクトロニクスのパターン形成などを容易に行うことができる。得られる導電性物質膜は、2次元アレイ粒子として有用であり、触媒反応場、センサー、マスク、光干渉膜、非線形光学材料、エレクトロニクスやオプトエレクトロニクス用の材料などの用途に好ましく用いることができる。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例により、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらにより何ら限定されるものではない。なお、以下では、便宜上、「重量部」を単に「部」と記すことがある。
−実施例1−
ビス(2,6−ビス(N−ホスホアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)ルテニウム(以下、Ru錯体(1)と略す)をメタノールに溶解させ、50μMのRu錯体(1)のメタノール溶液を調製した。このRu錯体(1)のメタノール溶液に、洗浄したガラス基板を1日間浸漬し、ガラス基板上にRu錯体(1)の膜を形成させた。
【0025】
次に、テトラアルコキシシランをゾルゲル法で加水分解縮合して製造された、粒度分布が非常にシャープな単分散シリカ球状微粒子(平均粒子径560nm)をメタノールに混合分散し、該シリカ球状微粒子のメタノール分散液を遠心管に入れ、その遠心管の底に、Ru錯体(1)の膜が形成された上記ガラス基板を置き、遠心管を遠心機にセットして、15000rpm(13000G)で5分間、遠心分離と同様の処理を行った。
上記遠心分離処理後、ガラス基板をメタノール中で充分洗浄した後、室温で自然乾燥させることにより、基板(1)を得た。得られた基板(1)の表面の状態を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(日本電子社製、製品名:JSM−5600LVB)により観察したところ、ガラス基板表面上に上記シリカ球状微粒子が単粒子層で最密化した状態で集積していた。また、基板(1)におけるシリカ球状微粒子の層は100%単粒子層であり、最密化度は70%であった。
【0026】
−実施例2−
実施例1において、Ru錯体(1)の代わりに(2,6−ビス(N−ホスホアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)(2,6−ビス(N−メルカプトアルキルベンズイミダゾリル)ピリジン)ルテニウムを用い、ガラス基板の代わりにガラス基板表面に金をスパッタリングで蒸着した金蒸着基板を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、基板(2)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(2)の表面の状態を観察したところ、金蒸着基板表面上に上記シリカ球状微粒子が単粒子層で最密化した状態で集積していた。また、基板(2)におけるシリカ球状微粒子の層は100%単粒子層であり、最密化度は72%であった。
【0027】
得られた基板(2)を水平な台上に置き、基板(2)のみを傾斜させながら、基板(2)表面を顕微鏡(50倍)により観察したところ、台と基板(2)とのなす角度が変化していくに応じて、光の干渉色が観察された。台と基板(2)とのなす角度が0°の場合は金色、30°の場合は青色、40°の場合は緑色、45°の場合は赤色が観察された。
−実施例3−
実施例1において、ガラス基板の代わりにガラス基板表面にITOをスパッタリングで蒸着したITO蒸着基板を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、基板(3)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(3)の表面の状態を観察したところ、ITO蒸着基板表面上に上記シリカ球状微粒子が単粒子層で最密化した状態で集積していた。また、基板(3)におけるシリカ球状微粒子の層は100%単粒子層であり、最密化度は73%であった。
【0028】
次に、得られた基板(3)の単粒子層側に、スパッタリング法で金を蒸着させ、その後、メタノールに浸漬させた状態で超音波をかけて洗浄することにより、ITO蒸着基板表面上のシリカ球状微粒子を除去した。その結果、ITO蒸着基板表面上に、約500〜600nmの間隔で金の突起物が形成された金含有基板(4)を得た。
−比較例1−
Ru錯体(1)の代わりに3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、基板(c1)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(c1)の表面の状態を観察したところ、ガラス基板表面上に乱雑にシリカ球状微粒子の積層膜が形成されていた。
【0029】
−比較例2−
Ru錯体(1)の代わりにn−オクタデシルホスホン酸を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして行い、基板(c2)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(c2)の表面の状態を観察したところ、ガラス基板表面上にはシリカ球状微粒子はほとんど存在していなかった。
−比較例3−
Ru錯体(1)の代わりにオクチレン−1,8−ジホスホン酸を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして行い、基板(c3)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(c3)の表面の状態を観察したところ、ガラス基板表面上にはシリカ球状微粒子はほとんど存在していなかった。
【0030】
−比較例4−
実施例1において、シリカ球状微粒子のメタノール分散液を遠心管に入れ、その遠心管の底に、Ru錯体(1)の膜が形成されたガラス基板を置いたが、遠心分離処理は行わずに上記ガラス基板を取り出した以外は、同様の操作を行い、基板(c4)を得た。実施例1と同様の方法により、得られた基板(c4)の表面の状態を観察したところ、シリカ球状微粒子の単粒子膜は形成されていたが、シリカ球状微粒子が存在しないガラス基板素地が見える微粒子欠損部分が、多数観察された。なお、基板(c4)におけるシリカ球状微粒子の層は100%単粒子層であり、最密化度は37%であった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、基板表面上に微粒子が単粒子層として集積してなり、かつ、上記微粒子の集積状態に優れることにより、特に二次元粒子アレイとして有用な、新規な微粒子集積化基板を提供することができる。この微粒子集積化基板は、触媒反応場、センサー、マスク、光干渉膜、非線形光学材料、オプトエレクトロニクス等の技術分野における種々のデバイスに応用することができる。
また、本発明によれば、上記微粒子集積化基板を容易に得ることのできる方法を提供することができる。
【0032】
さらに、本発明によれば、基板表面上に超微粒子状の導電性物質が非常に微細な間隔をもって多数配置されてなる導電性物質膜を備えたものを容易に得ることができ、特に基板上への電気回路のパターン形成などを容易に行うことができる、新規な導電性物質含有基板の製造方法を提供することができる。この製造方法により得られた導電性物質膜は、エレクトロニクスやオプトエレクトロニクスなどの用途に好適に用いることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fine integrated board having a single particle layer of fine particles on the substrate surface. More particularly, useful as a two-dimensional grain array, surface regulated catalysis and reaction field sensor, masks, optical interference film, the production method of fine integrated board and can be applied to non-linear optical material About .
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, research related to the integration of nanoparticles on a substrate has attracted attention for application to devices such as sensors and optoelectronics. To date, nanoparticles have been utilized by utilizing the capillary force generated during solvent evaporation. A method (Langmuir, 13, 2582-4 (1997)) for controlling the arrangement of the substrate on the substrate surface has been proposed and well known.
On the other hand, the present inventor has proposed a method for controlling the arrangement of gold nanoparticles on the substrate surface using 2,6- (bisbenzimidazole) pyridine (hereinafter sometimes referred to as bbimp) as an anchor group (J. Am). Chem. Soc., 122, 4237-8 (2000)) or a Ru complex having a phosphonic acid-bbimp anchor group is formed on a glass substrate as a self-assembled film (SAM), and a silica fine particle is formed on the Ru complex. A method of forming a particle layer by natural adsorption (First International Conference on Molecular Electronics & Bioelectronics, 6P-PB-77b (2001)) has already been proposed.
[0003]
However, in the substrate obtained by integrating the fine particles obtained by the above-described conventional method, the fine particles are arranged in a single particle layer, but there are many portions where the substrate substrate is exposed. For application to devices such as electronics, the degree of fine particle accumulation has not been sufficient yet.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention, fine particles becomes integrates a single particle layer on the surface of the substrate, and excellent integration state of the fine particles, to provide a process for the preparation of the novel particulate integration board There is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, it was thought that it could be applied to the above-mentioned various devices by paying attention to the accumulation state of the fine particles on the substrate surface, and the estimation and the experiment were repeated. What was obtained by the conventional method is that, as described above, there are many voids where fine particle layers are overlapped on the substrate, and there are many voids in which fine particles are not present even in a single particle layer of fine particles. It is. In other words, it was thought that such an integrated state could be applied to the various devices described above.
[0006]
As a result of various studies based on such knowledge, the above-described problems can be solved at once by a manufacturing method for a fine particle integrated substrate in which fine particles are densely packed on the substrate surface. As a result, the present invention was completed .
[0007]
That is, the production method of fine integrated substrate according to the present invention is a method of obtaining a fine integrated substrate having a single particle layer of fine particles on the substrate surface, wherein the Rukoto over centrifugal force on the surface of the substrate comprising the step of forming the single particle layer of the fine particles, characterized in that.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, although the base material concerning this invention and its manufacturing method are demonstrated in detail, the range of this invention is not restrained by these description, In the range which does not impair the meaning of this invention except the following illustrations. It can implement suitably.
[Fine particle integrated substrate]
The fine particle integrated substrate according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention) has a single particle layer of fine particles on the surface of the substrate serving as a main body, and the single particle layer is the fine particle Is a close-packed layer. That is, the single particle layer is a layer in which the fine particles are accumulated in a close-packed state.
[0009]
Although it does not specifically limit as said board | substrate (board | substrate used as a main body), Specifically, for example, various polymers, such as a plastic, a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, glass, ceramics etc. may be mentioned preferably. it can. Of these, glass, ITO, and gold are more preferable. Various polymers, metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, glass, ceramics and the like having ITO or gold on the surface are also preferable.
In general, the substrate is preferably in the form of a plate, but is not particularly limited, and specifically, for example, various forms such as a sheet and a film can be used.
[0010]
Although it does not specifically limit as microparticles | fine-particles, For example, the microparticles | fine-particles which have at least 1 sort (s) chosen from an organic polymer, a metal, a metal oxide, and a metal hydroxide as an essential component are preferable. Specifically, fine particles containing at least one selected from silica, ITO, and gold as essential components are more preferable, and silica particles, ITO particles, and gold particles are still more preferable. Further, fine particles in which ITO or gold is present on the surface of various organic polymer fine particles, metal oxide particles, or metal hydroxide particles may be used.
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is not particularly limited, but specifically, for example, it is preferably 0.001 to 50 μm, more preferably 0.01 to 10 μm, still more preferably 0.03 to 5 μm. is there. If the average particle size is less than 0.001 μm, the fine particle layer may be in a state of overlapping many layers, and it may be difficult to form a single particle layer. May exist.
[0011]
The particle size distribution of the fine particles is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, the variation coefficient of the fine particle diameter is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less. It is. If the coefficient of variation exceeds 10%, the fine particle layer may be in a state of being overlaid, or there may be many voids on the substrate surface where no fine particles are present.
The shape of the fine particles is not particularly limited, and specific examples include a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a polyhedral shape, and a pyramid shape. Among these, a spherical shape is preferable because it tends to be a close-packed single particle layer.
[0012]
In the fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention, the fine particles are present in the form of a single particle layer on the substrate surface, but it is not limited to the fact that all the fine particles are completely a single particle layer. In particular, all the fine particles may form a single particle layer. Specifically, it is preferable that 70% or more of fine particles form a single particle layer, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 100%. If the fine particles forming the single particle layer are less than 70%, it may be difficult to exhibit desired characteristics when applied to the various devices described above. For example, when applied to an optical interference film, And the desired interference color is hardly expressed.
[0013]
In the fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention, confirmation that the fine particles are a single particle layer on the substrate surface is performed by observing an arbitrary portion of the fine particle integrated substrate surface with an electron microscope. In addition, the observation of the surface of the fine particle integrated substrate with an electron microscope is performed at a magnification at which 500 to 1500 fine particles can be confirmed in one field of view, and various observations with the electron microscope shown below are performed under the same conditions. Let's observe. In the fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention, the fine particles are in the above-mentioned single particle layer in a state of being densely packed on the substrate surface, but all the fine particles on the substrate surface must be in a completely dense state. It is sufficient that substantially all of the fine particles are in a close-packed state. Specifically, when an arbitrary portion of the surface of the fine particle integrated substrate was observed with an electron microscope, the area ratio (%) where the substrate substrate other than the fine particles was visible was subtracted from the area (100%) of the entire observed portion. The value (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the degree of densification) is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, even more preferably 65% or more, and most preferably 70% or more. If the degree of densification is less than 50%, it may be difficult to express desired characteristics when applied to the various devices. For example, when applied to an optical interference film, the optical interference action is reduced, It becomes difficult to express a desired interference color. The definition / measurement method of the degree of densification is the same in the following examples.
[0014]
The fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention preferably has a metal complex film of a bisbenzimidazole pyridine derivative containing a thiol group and / or a phosphonic acid group between the substrate surface and the single particle layer.
The metal of the metal complex is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, Ru, Fe, Zn and the like can be preferably exemplified, and Ru is particularly preferable.
The metal complex of the bisbenzimidazole pyridine derivative containing the thiol group and / or phosphonic acid group is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof include bis (2,6-bis (N-phosphoalkylbenzimidazolyl). ) Pyridine) ruthenium, (2,6-bis (N-phosphoalkylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine) (2,6-bis (N-mercaptoalkylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine) ruthenium, and ruthenium of these various metal complexes A metal complex such as iron or zinc can be used.
[0015]
The fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention is particularly useful as a two-dimensional particle array, and is suitably applied to various devices in technical fields such as catalytic reaction fields, sensors, masks, optical interference films, nonlinear optical materials, and optoelectronics. be able to.
[Production method of fine particle integrated substrate]
A method for producing a fine particle integrated substrate according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a method for producing a fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention) includes a single particle layer in which fine particles are close-packed on a substrate surface. A method of obtaining a product, comprising the step of bringing the fine particles into contact with the substrate surface in a state where centrifugal force is applied.
[0016]
In the method for producing a fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention, the contact method is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, a suspension of the fine particles is placed in a centrifuge tube, and the above described solution is placed at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. A method of forming a single particle layer of fine particles in the most dense state on the surface of the substrate by placing the substrate after the treatment, and operating and rotating the centrifuge can be exemplified.
For example, when a centrifuge or the like is used as described above, the rotation speed is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 15000 rpm or more (13000 G or more). When the rotation speed is less than 15000 rpm, the arrangement state of the single particle layers may not be close-packed.
[0017]
In addition, the rotation time is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 5 to 120 minutes, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes. When the rotation time is less than 5 minutes, the arrangement state of the single particle layers may be difficult to close.
In the method for producing a fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention, the surface of the substrate contains a thiol group and / or a phosphonic acid group before contacting the fine particles in a state where centrifugal force is applied to the substrate surface as described above. It is preferable to include a step of treating with a metal complex of the bisbenzimidazolepyridine derivative.
The method of treatment with the metal complex is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, in a solution in which a metal complex of a bisbenzimidazolepyridine derivative containing a thiol group and / or a phosphonic acid group is dissolved in a solvent. Further, it is preferable to obtain the substrate by immersing the substrate.
[0018]
Examples of the metal complex of the bisbenzimidazole pyridine derivative containing the thiol group and / or phosphonic acid group are preferably the same as those exemplified in the description of the fine particle integrated substrate of the present invention.
Although the solvent which can be used in the said process will not be specifically limited if the said metal complex can be dissolved, Specifically, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, a butanol etc., for example. And alcohols such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve are preferred.
[0019]
The concentration of the metal complex of the bisbenzimidazolepyridine derivative containing a thiol group and / or phosphonic acid group in the solution is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 50 μM or more, more preferably 100 μM or more, even more preferably 200 μM or more. When the concentration is less than 50 μM, the surface treatment of the substrate is not efficiently performed, and thus a long-time treatment may be required.
The time for which the substrate is immersed in the solution is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 60 minutes or more, and even more preferably 90 minutes or more. If the immersion time is less than 30 minutes, the substrate surface may not be sufficiently treated.
[0020]
As described above, by treating the surface of the substrate with a metal complex of a bisbenzimidazole pyridine derivative containing a thiol group and / or a phosphonic acid group, the electrostatic interaction between the fine particles and the substrate surface is moderate. Thus, excellent effects such as easy arrangement of fine particles as a single particle layer can be obtained.
In the method for producing a fine particle integrated substrate according to the present invention, a single particle layer in which fine particles are close-packed is formed on the surface of the substrate by the above-described steps, and then immersed in an alcohol such as methanol. Then, it is preferable to remove excessively adsorbed fine particles by rinsing. After removal, it is preferable to air dry at room temperature.
[Method for producing conductive material-containing substrate]
The method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate according to the present invention) is a single particle layer on the surface of the fine particle integrated substrate according to the present invention. After the conductive material is buried in the gap between the fine particles, the fine particles are removed.
[0021]
The conductive material is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably a conductive metal or metal oxide, and examples thereof include ITO, gold, nickel, and copper.
In the method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate of the present invention, the method for filling the conductive substance in the gap between the fine particles as described above is not particularly limited, and for example, physically or chemically. Examples thereof include a method of depositing a conductive substance, and specific examples thereof include methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, CVD, and chemical plating.
[0022]
In the method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate of the present invention, when the conductive substance is filled in the gap between the fine particles, the gap is filled so that the fine particles can be removed later, preferably only in the gap. That is, for example, the present invention does not include a form in which the fine particles cannot be removed later by covering the fine particles on the substrate surface even though the gap is filled.
When filling the gap by the above various methods, it is desirable to appropriately adjust various conditions so that the gap can be filled as described above.
In the method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate of the present invention, the method for removing fine particles from the fine particle integrated substrate after filling the gap is not particularly limited, but specifically, for example, it is immersed in alcohol. And a method of applying ultrasonic waves.
[0023]
In the case of applying ultrasonic waves, the application time is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 30 seconds or more, more preferably 60 seconds or more. If it is less than 30 seconds, the removal of the fine particles may be incomplete.
According to the method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate of the present invention, a substrate having a conductive substance film in which a large number of ultrafine conductive substances are arranged on a substrate surface with very fine intervals is easily obtained. In particular, patterning of electronics or optoelectronics on the substrate can be easily performed. The obtained conductive material film is useful as a two-dimensional array particle, and can be preferably used for applications such as catalytic reaction fields, sensors, masks, optical interference films, nonlinear optical materials, electronics and optoelectronic materials.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following, “parts by weight” may be simply referred to as “parts” for convenience.
Example 1
Bis (2,6-bis (N-phosphoalkylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine) ruthenium (hereinafter abbreviated as Ru complex (1)) was dissolved in methanol to prepare a methanol solution of 50 μM of Ru complex (1). The washed glass substrate was immersed in a methanol solution of this Ru complex (1) for 1 day, and a film of the Ru complex (1) was formed on the glass substrate.
[0025]
Next, monodispersed silica spherical fine particles (average particle size 560 nm) produced by hydrolytic condensation of tetraalkoxysilane by the sol-gel method are mixed and dispersed in methanol, and the silica spherical fine particles of methanol are mixed. The dispersion is put into a centrifuge tube, and the glass substrate on which the film of the Ru complex (1) is formed is placed on the bottom of the centrifuge tube. The centrifuge tube is set in a centrifuge and set at 15000 rpm (13000 G) for 5 minutes. The same treatment as centrifugation was performed.
After the centrifugation treatment, the glass substrate was sufficiently washed in methanol and then naturally dried at room temperature to obtain a substrate (1). When the surface state of the obtained substrate (1) was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name: JSM-5600LVB), the silica spherical fine particles were found to be a single particle layer on the glass substrate surface. It was accumulated in a close-packed state. Further, the layer of silica spherical fine particles in the substrate (1) was a 100% single particle layer, and the degree of close-packing was 70%.
[0026]
-Example 2-
In Example 1, (2,6-bis (N-phosphoalkylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine) (2,6-bis (N-mercaptoalkylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine) ruthenium was used instead of Ru complex (1), and glass was used. A substrate (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a gold-deposited substrate in which gold was deposited by sputtering on the surface of the glass substrate was used instead of the substrate. When the state of the surface of the obtained substrate (2) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, the silica spherical fine particles were accumulated in a state of being close-packed with a single particle layer on the gold-deposited substrate surface. . Further, the layer of silica spherical fine particles in the substrate (2) was a 100% single particle layer, and the degree of closest packing was 72%.
[0027]
The obtained substrate (2) was placed on a horizontal table, and the surface of the substrate (2) was observed with a microscope (50 times) while only the substrate (2) was tilted. A light interference color was observed as the angle changed. A gold color was observed when the angle between the base and the substrate (2) was 0 °, blue was observed when 30 °, green was observed when 40 °, and red was observed when 45 °.
-Example 3-
In Example 1, the same operation as Example 1 was performed except having used the ITO vapor deposition board | substrate which vapor-deposited ITO by sputtering instead of the glass substrate surface, and obtained the board | substrate (3). When the state of the surface of the obtained substrate (3) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, the silica spherical fine particles were accumulated in a close-packed state with a single particle layer on the surface of the ITO vapor-deposited substrate. . Further, the layer of silica spherical fine particles in the substrate (3) was a 100% single particle layer, and the degree of densification was 73%.
[0028]
Next, gold is vapor-deposited by a sputtering method on the single particle layer side of the obtained substrate (3), and then washed with ultrasonic waves in a state of being immersed in methanol. Silica spherical fine particles were removed. As a result, a gold-containing substrate (4) in which gold protrusions were formed at intervals of about 500 to 600 nm on the ITO vapor deposition substrate surface was obtained.
-Comparative Example 1-
A substrate (c1) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was used instead of the Ru complex (1). When the surface state of the obtained substrate (c1) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, a laminated film of silica spherical fine particles was randomly formed on the surface of the glass substrate.
[0029]
-Comparative Example 2-
A substrate (c2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that n-octadecylphosphonic acid was used instead of the Ru complex (1). When the surface state of the obtained substrate (c2) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, almost no spherical silica particles were present on the surface of the glass substrate.
-Comparative Example 3-
A substrate (c3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that octylene-1,8-diphosphonic acid was used instead of the Ru complex (1). When the surface state of the obtained substrate (c3) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, almost no spherical silica particles were present on the glass substrate surface.
[0030]
-Comparative Example 4-
In Example 1, a methanol dispersion of silica spherical fine particles was placed in a centrifuge tube, and a glass substrate on which a film of Ru complex (1) was formed was placed on the bottom of the centrifuge tube. A substrate (c4) was obtained in the same manner as above except that the glass substrate was taken out. When the surface state of the obtained substrate (c4) was observed by the same method as in Example 1, a single particle film of silica spherical fine particles was formed, but a glass substrate substrate without silica spherical fine particles was seen. Many fine particle defects were observed. Note that the layer of silica spherical fine particles in the substrate (c4) was a 100% single particle layer, and the degree of closest packing was 37%.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a novel fine particle integrated substrate that is particularly useful as a two-dimensional particle array, because fine particles are accumulated as a single particle layer on the substrate surface and is excellent in the state of fine particle accumulation. can do. This fine particle integrated substrate can be applied to various devices in technical fields such as catalytic reaction fields, sensors, masks, optical interference films, nonlinear optical materials, optoelectronics and the like.
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method by which the fine particle integrated substrate can be easily obtained.
[0032]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain a substrate provided with a conductive material film in which a large number of ultrafine conductive materials are arranged at very fine intervals on the substrate surface. Thus, it is possible to provide a novel method for producing a conductive substance-containing substrate that can easily form an electric circuit pattern on the substrate. The conductive material film obtained by this manufacturing method can be suitably used for applications such as electronics and optoelectronics.
Claims (5)
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