JP3929191B2 - Process for producing 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorene - Google Patents
Process for producing 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3929191B2 JP3929191B2 JP35765998A JP35765998A JP3929191B2 JP 3929191 B2 JP3929191 B2 JP 3929191B2 JP 35765998 A JP35765998 A JP 35765998A JP 35765998 A JP35765998 A JP 35765998A JP 3929191 B2 JP3929191 B2 JP 3929191B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bisarylamino
- methyldiphenylamine
- mol
- dialkyl
- iodofluorene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RHPVVNRNAHRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 RHPVVNRNAHRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000023320 Luma <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 34
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 33
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- DVLSJPCXPNKPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodo-9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 DVLSJPCXPNKPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKJVTTMHSPNTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C2C(=CC=C1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C2(C)C OKJVTTMHSPNTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 sec-butyl-2-iodofluorene Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- RAPGELFMNIUVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C2C=C1)(C)C)N Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C2C=C1)(C)C)N RAPGELFMNIUVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBBQZSGRWMPLLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 GBBQZSGRWMPLLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMGRJBUVIQOZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 PMGRJBUVIQOZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAQZTCAFWPQEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C LAQZTCAFWPQEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWYYRZBQXLCZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 BWYYRZBQXLCZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCIPGRGZZUTJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 QCIPGRGZZUTJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZFNPHWOOGJMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-(2-ethylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1CC RZFNPHWOOGJMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNLHZWKOQDHTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZNLHZWKOQDHTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMFHBESIIKDLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodo-9,9-di(propan-2-yl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(C(C)C)(C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 CMFHBESIIKDLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFZHDVLKMKZVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodo-9,9-dipropylfluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(CCC)(CCC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 QFZHDVLKMKZVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUPAROZONRLKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-n-(2-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1OC OUPAROZONRLKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACSWUODVYUAQPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1OC ACSWUODVYUAQPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJNJDTCFYTUMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZJNJDTCFYTUMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACWJKFBBRPYPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ACWJKFBBRPYPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZYVCXHUVQKNIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 TZYVCXHUVQKNIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZZQPNICTIZSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZZZQPNICTIZSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WETFGWQHUYDJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 WETFGWQHUYDJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKASXAGBWHIGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 MKASXAGBWHIGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWVPIIWMONJVGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-(3-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 CWVPIIWMONJVGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWPMMLHBHPYSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 TWPMMLHBHPYSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGLYYWZISFBCPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-2-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 YGLYYWZISFBCPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIIPPPQHZIQJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(OCC)C=C1 DIIPPPQHZIQJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEKMXHXGKOKENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 SEKMXHXGKOKENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAFWPEVBXFLAHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KAFWPEVBXFLAHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCOONNWIINSFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 VCOONNWIINSFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBHGSIGHEBGGFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 OBHGSIGHEBGGFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGHYMXKKEXDUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 AGHYMXKKEXDUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMNQRAGWVILCLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dibutyl-2-iodofluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(CCCC)(CCCC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 HMNQRAGWVILCLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMPAOSZGWWFJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-diethyl-2-iodofluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(CC)(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 LMPAOSZGWWFJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGEDBWXFFQUNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-ditert-butyl-2-iodofluorene Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2C(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KGEDBWXFFQUNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SSRCWGGBSIXARL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)C1(C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=CC(=CC12)I)CC(C)C Chemical compound C(C(C)C)C1(C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=CC(=CC12)I)CC(C)C SSRCWGGBSIXARL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodochlorine Chemical compound ICl QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo-18-crown-6 Chemical compound O1CCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C2OCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- DIAIBWNEUYXDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DIAIBWNEUYXDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOHAUGDGCWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN(CCCCC)CCCCC OOHAUGDGCWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDXWDVZFZMXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 KIDXWDVZFZMXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKQBGDOVZRQTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-4-propan-2-ylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 HKQBGDOVZRQTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、正電荷輸送材料等の中間体として有用な2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類の高選択的な製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類は対応する9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類とジアリールアミン類とを金属触媒下で反応させるウルマン反応により製造される。このウルマン反応終了後、目的生成物を得るために、触媒等を濾別、溶媒を留去すると2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類の結晶は得られず、副生成物等の不純物を有したタール状物質が得られる。このタール状物質からの単離精製方法として界面活性剤の添加による方法(特開平5−125023号公報)やシリカゲルカラムを用いる方法(特開平8−268981号公報)は公知であるがウルマン反応の段階で副生成物の生成量を抑制する方法は知られていない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンと4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミンとの反応による2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)−9,9−ジメチルフルオレンの製造に関して詳細な検討を行った結果、構造式(1)
【化4】
(以下、副生成物1)、構造式(2)
【化5】
(以下、副生成物2)および、構造式(3)
【化6】
(以下、副生成物3)に示した化合物が副生成物として生成することを明らかにした。さらに、これらの副生成物が含まれた2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類を正電荷輸送材料として使用した場合、性能低下することも併せて明らかにした。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、上記性能低下物質となる副生成物の少ない2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意検討の結果、触媒である銅の使用量が少ないほど副生成物の生成を抑制すること、更に助触媒として界面活性剤を用いると反応速度が大きくなることを見いだし本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち本発明は、
(1).一般式(1)
【化7】
(R1は水素原子または低級のアルキル基を示す。)
で表される9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類と、一般式(2)
【化8】
(R2〜R11は水素原子、アルキル基またはアルコキシ基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
で表されるジアリールアミン類とを銅触媒の存在下、反応させるに際し、銅触媒の使用量が9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類の使用量に対して0.5〜10mol%であることを特徴とする、一般式(3)
【化9】
で表される2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類の製造方法、
(2).銅触媒の使用量が9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類の使用量に対して1〜7mol%である(1)記載の方法、
(3).助触媒として界面活性剤を用いる(1)〜(2)記載の方法、
(4).界面活性剤の使用量が0.1〜10重量%/仕込み9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類である(3)記載の方法、
(5).界面活性剤がポリエーテルポリオールである(3)〜(4)記載の方法、
(6).界面活性剤がポリエチレングリコールおよび/またはポリプロピレングリコールである(3)〜(4)記載の方法、
(7).ポリエチレングリコールおよび/またはポリプロピレングリコールの平均分子量が300から1000である(6)記載の方法、
(8).ポリエチレングリコールおよび/またはポリプロピレングリコールの平均分子量が400から600である(6)記載の方法、
(9).9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類が9,9−メチル−2−ヨードフルオレンである(1)〜(8)記載の方法、
(10).ジアリールアミン類が4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミンである(1)〜(8)記載の方法、
(11).9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類が9,9−メチル−2−ヨードフルオレンであり、ジアリールアミン類が4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミンである(1)〜(8)記載の方法である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられる一般式(1)で表される9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類は9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類を一塩化ヨウ素、ヨウ素−各種酸化剤等を用いてヨウ素化することにより得ることができる。この時に過反応物である9,9−ジアルキル−2,7−ジヨードフルオレン類が生成し、更にこれとジアリールアミン類とが反応して副生成物が生じる。この副生成物は性能低下物質となり、品質に悪影響を及ぼすので9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類に含まれていないことが望ましく、蒸留等を行って精製することが好ましい。一般式(1)においてR1は水素原子または低級アルキル基を示し、9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類としては具体的には、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジエチル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジプロピル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジイソプロピル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジブチル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジイソブチル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジ−sec−ブチル−2−ヨードフルオレン、9,9−ジ−tert−ブチル−2−ヨードフルオレン等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0008】
本発明に用いられる一般式(2)で表されるジアリールアミン類において、R2〜R11は水素原子、アルキル基またはアルコキシ基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよい。具体的には例えば、ジフェニルアミン、2−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチルジフェニルアミン、2−プロピルジフェニルアミン、3−プロピルジフェニルアミン、4−プロピルジフェニルアミン、2−イソプロピルジフェニルアミン、3−イソプロピルジフェニルアミン、4−イソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジエチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジイソプロピルジフェニルアミン、2,3,4−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,6−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,6−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、3,4,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,4−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,6−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,6−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、3,4,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,3−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,4−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,6−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,4’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,5’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,3’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,4−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,6−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’,4−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,4’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,4’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’,6−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、3,4,4’−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、3,4,5−トリメチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,3−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,4−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,2’,6−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,4’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,5’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,3’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,4−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3’,6−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’,4−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、3,3’,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,3,4’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4,4’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2,4’,6−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、3,4,4’−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、3,4’,5−トリエチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−2−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−2−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,3−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,4−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,5−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,6−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、3,4−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、3,5−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2,4’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ジエトキシジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−2−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−3−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−メトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−3’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−メトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−メトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−2−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−4−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−2−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−3−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−5−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−6−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、3−エトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−2’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−3’−メチルジフェニルアミン、4−エトキシ−4’−メチルジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−3−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−4−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−5−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−6−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−2−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−4−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−5−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−6−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−2−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−3−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−5−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−6−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−2’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−3’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、2−エチル−4’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−2’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−3’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、3−エチル−4’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−2’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−3’−メトキシジフェニルアミン、4−エチル−4’−メトキシジフェニルアミン等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0009】
使用量は9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類に対して0.5〜2.0重量倍、好ましくは0.8から1.5重量倍、より好ましくは1.0から1.2重量倍である。
【0010】
本発明に使用される触媒は金属銅粉であり、好ましくは削り銅粉である。その使用量が重要であり使用量が多いほど副生成物の生成量が増加する傾向にある。好ましい使用量は9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類に対して0.5〜10モル%、より好ましくは1〜7モル%である。0.5モル%よりも少ないと十分な反応速度が得られないので好ましくない。
【0011】
本発明に使用される界面活性剤として具体的には例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール等のポリアルキレングリコール類、18−クラウン−6、ジベンゾ−18−クラウン−6等のクラウンエーテル類、ポリエーテルポリオール類等が挙げられ、好ましくは、ポリエチレングリコールおよび/またはポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエーテルポリオールである。その使用量は9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類に対して0.1重量%以上あれば十分な効果を発揮するが、経済性を考えると好ましい使用量は0.1〜10重量%である。尚、ポリアルキレングリコール類を使用する場合はその平均分子量により効果に差が見られる。好ましい平均分子量はポリエチレングリコールの場合300から1000、より好ましい平均分子量は400から600である。
【0012】
本発明のウルマン反応においては反応の進行とともにヨウ化水素が生成するので塩基の存在が必要である。使用できる塩基として炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム等のアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素カルシウム、炭酸水素マグネシウムなどのアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の炭酸水素塩、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム等のアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウムなどのアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属酸化物、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリペンチルアミン、トリヘキシルアミン、ピリジン、メチルピリジン、キノリン、N,N−ジメチルアニリン等の3級アミンが挙げられるがこれらに限定させるものではない。好ましくは炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムであり、より好ましくは炭酸カリウムである。その使用量は9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類1モルに対して1価の塩基を用いる場合は1〜6モル、好ましくは1〜4モルであり、2価の塩基を用いる場合は0.5〜3モル、好ましくは0.5〜2モルである。
【0013】
本発明の反応温度は十分な反応速度が得られる範囲で選択される。具体的には180〜250℃であり、好ましくは185〜220℃である。180℃よりも低い温度では十分な反応速度が得られず、250℃よりも高い温度では分解反応などの副反応が促進されて好ましくない。
【0014】
本発明は通常、常圧で実施されるため、溶媒として沸点が180℃以上のウルマン反応に不活性な化合物を使用するのが好ましい。具体的にはウンデカン、ドデカン、トリデカン、ブチルベンゼン、ペンチルベンゼンなど炭化水素系溶媒、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン、1,3−ジクロロベンゼン、1,4−ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化炭化水素系溶媒、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホキシド、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノンなどの非プロトン性極性溶媒が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。また、加圧化で本発明を実施する場合は沸点による制限はなくなる。使用量は9,9−ジアルキル−2−ヨードフルオレン類に対して0.5〜10重量倍、好ましくは0.8〜5重量倍、より好ましくは1〜3重量倍である。
【0015】
生成した2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類は反応終了後の混合物を晶析、抽出、昇華等の常法に従って処理することにより得られる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明の方法は実施例により限定されるものではない。
実施例1
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.32g(0.005モル、5モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチルフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、20時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.6%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)アミノ−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ93.1%、0.20%、0.10%、0.006%であった。
【0017】
実施例2
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.08g(0.00125モル、1.25モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチルフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、25時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は91.4%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)アミノ−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ91.0%、0.15%、0.08%、0.01%であった。
【0018】
実施例3
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.32g(0.005モル、5モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)、ポリエチレングリコール(平均分子量400)0.64g(2重量%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、9時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.3%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ92.1%、0.15%、0.04%、0.01%であった。
【0019】
実施例4
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.32g(0.005モル、5モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)、ポリエチレングリコール(平均分子量400)0.32g(1重量%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、9時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.3%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ93.0%、0.15%、0.03%、0.01%であった。
【0020】
実施例5
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.32g(0.005モル、5モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)、ポリエチレングリコール(平均分子量600)0.32g(1重量%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、15時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.6%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ93.2%、0.17%、0.06%、0.04%であった。
【0021】
実施例6
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32.0g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉0.32g(0.005モル、5モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)、ニューカルゲンD−118(ポリプロピレングリコール・ポリエチレングリコールエーテル、竹本油脂(株)製)0.32g(1重量%/仕込み9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、17時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.6%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ93.1%、0.15%、0.08%、0.05%であった。
【0022】
比較例1
還流冷却器、温度計及び撹拌装置を備えた300mlの丸底フラスコに9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレン32g(0.1モル)、4,4’−ジメチルジフェニルアミン20.7g(0.105モル)、炭酸カリウム20.7g(0.15モル)、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン90.0g、銅粉3.2g(0.05モル、50モル%/仕込み9,9−ジメチルフルオレン)を装入した。反応器内を撹拌しながら約1.5時間かけて188℃まで昇温し、12時間反応を行った。反応終了後、銅粉、過剰量の炭酸カリウム、生成したヨウ化カリウム等を含む沈澱物を濾別し、濾液をHPLC分析したところ、9,9−ジメチル−2−ヨードフルオレンの転化率は93.9%、2−ビス(4−メチルフェニル)アミノ−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン、副生成物1、副生成物2、および副生成物3の生成率はそれぞれ93.0%、0.20%、0.17%、0.32%であった。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば副生成物が少なく、且つ、短時間で効率良い方法で2−ビスアリールアミノ−9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン類を製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a highly selective method for producing 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes useful as intermediates for positive charge transport materials and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2-Bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes are produced by the Ullmann reaction in which the corresponding 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes and diarylamines are reacted in the presence of a metal catalyst. After the Ullmann reaction, in order to obtain the desired product, the catalyst and the like are filtered off and the solvent is distilled off. As a result, crystals of 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes cannot be obtained. A tar-like substance having impurities is obtained. As a method for isolation and purification from this tar-like substance, a method by addition of a surfactant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-125023) and a method using a silica gel column (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-268981) are known, but the Ullmann reaction is carried out. There is no known method for suppressing the amount of by-products produced at the stage.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors have conducted detailed studies on the production of 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) -9,9-dimethylfluorene by reaction of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. As a result, structural formula (1)
[Formula 4]
(Hereinafter, by-product 1), structural formula (2)
[Chemical formula 5]
(Hereinafter, by-product 2) and structural formula (3)
[Chemical 6]
It was clarified that the compound shown in (Byproduct 3) is produced as a byproduct. Furthermore, it has also been clarified that when 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes containing these by-products are used as a positive charge transport material, the performance is lowered.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes with less by-products as the performance-decreasing substance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the smaller the amount of copper used as a catalyst, the smaller the amount of by-products generated, and that the reaction rate increases when a surfactant is used as a co-catalyst. It came to complete.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1). General formula (1)
[Chemical 7]
(R 1 Represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. )
9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes represented by the general formula (2)
[Chemical 8]
(R 2 ~ R 11 Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, which may be the same or different. )
In the presence of a copper catalyst, the amount of copper catalyst used is 0.5 to 10 mol% with respect to the amount of 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes used. The general formula (3)
[Chemical 9]
A process for producing 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes represented by the formula:
(2). The method according to (1), wherein the amount of the copper catalyst used is 1 to 7 mol% with respect to the amount of 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorene used,
(3). The method according to (1) to (2), wherein a surfactant is used as a promoter.
(4). The method according to (3), wherein the amount of the surfactant used is 0.1 to 10% by weight / prepared 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes,
(5). The method according to (3) to (4), wherein the surfactant is a polyether polyol,
(6). The method according to (3) to (4), wherein the surfactant is polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol,
(7). The average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol is 300 to 1000, the method according to (6),
(8). The method according to (6), wherein the average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol is 400 to 600,
(9). The method according to (1) to (8), wherein the 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorene is 9,9-methyl-2-iodofluorene,
(10). The method according to (1) to (8), wherein the diarylamine is 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine,
(11). The method according to (1) to (8), wherein 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorene is 9,9-methyl-2-iodofluorene and the diarylamine is 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes represented by the general formula (1) used in the present invention iodinates 9,9-dialkylfluorenes using iodine monochloride, iodine-various oxidizing agents and the like. Can be obtained. At this time, 9,9-dialkyl-2,7-diiodofluorenes, which are overreactants, are produced, and this reacts with diarylamines to produce by-products. Since this by-product becomes a performance-decreasing substance and adversely affects quality, it is preferably not contained in 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes and is preferably purified by distillation or the like. In the general formula (1), R 1 Represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. Specific examples of 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes include 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-diethyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-dipropyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-diisopropyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-dibutyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-diisobutyl-2-iodofluorene, 9,9-di- Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, sec-butyl-2-iodofluorene and 9,9-di-tert-butyl-2-iodofluorene.
[0008]
In the diarylamines represented by the general formula (2) used in the present invention, R 2 ~ R 11 Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, which may be the same or different. Specifically, for example, diphenylamine, 2-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyldiphenylamine, 2-propyldiphenylamine, 3-propyldiphenylamine, 4- Propyldiphenylamine, 2-isopropyldiphenylamine, 3-isopropyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropyldiphenylamine, 2,3-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,5-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,6-dimethyldiphenylamine, 3,4- Dimethyldiphenylamine, 3,5-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,4-diethyldiphenylamine 2,5-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,6-diethyldiphenylamine, 3,4-diethyldiphenylamine, 3,5-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,3-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,4-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,5-dipropyl Diphenylamine, 2,6-dipropyldiphenylamine, 3,4-dipropyldiphenylamine, 3,5-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,3-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,4-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,5-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,6 -Diisopropyldiphenylamine, 3,4-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 3,5-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,2'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2, 4'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 3,3'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 3,4'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dimethyldiphenylamine, 2,2'-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,3'-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ' -Diethyldiphenylamine, 3,3'-diethyldiphenylamine, 3,4'-diethyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-diethyldiphenylamine, 2,2'-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,3'-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ' -Dipropyldiphenylamine, 3,3'-dipropyldiphenylamine, 3,4'-dipropyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dipropyldiphenylamine, 2,2'-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,3'-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2, 4'-diisopropyl Diphenylamine, 3,3′-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 3,4′-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-diisopropyldiphenylamine, 2,3,4-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,6- Trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,6-trimethyldiphenylamine, 3,4,5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,4-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2, 3,6-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,6-triethyldiphenylamine, 3,4,5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,2 ', 3-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,2 ', 4-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,2', 5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,2 ', 6-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3', 4'-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ', 5'-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2 , 3,3′-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 4-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 6-trimethyldiphenylamine, 3,3 ′, 4-trimethyldiphenylamine, 3, , 3 ′, 5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,4′-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4′-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ′, 5-trimethyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ′, 6-trimethyldiphenylamine, 3, , 4,4'-trimethyldiphenylamine, 3,4,5-trimethyl Diphenylamine, 2,2 ', 3-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,2', 4-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,2 ', 5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,2', 6-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ', 4'- Triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 5′-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,3′-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 4-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3 ′, 6 -Triethyldiphenylamine, 3,3 ', 4-triethyldiphenylamine, 3,3', 5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,3,4'-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-triethyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ', 5 -Triethyldiphenylamine, 2,4 ', 6-triethyldiphenylamine 3,4,4′-triethyldiphenylamine, 3,4 ′, 5-triethyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-3-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-4-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-5-methyldiphenylamine, 2 -Ethyl-6-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-2-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-4-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-5-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-6-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-2- Methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-3-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-5-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-6-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-2'-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-3'-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-4'-me Rudiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-2'-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-3'-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-4'-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-2'-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-3'- Methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-4′-methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethoxydiphenylamine, 2,3-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,4-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,5-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,6-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 3,4-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 3,5-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2, -Diethoxydiphenylamine, 2,4-diethoxydiphenylamine, 2,5-diethoxydiphenylamine, 2,6-diethoxydiphenylamine, 3,4-diethoxydiphenylamine, 3,5-diethoxydiphenylamine, 2,2'- Dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,3′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 3,3′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 3,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,2′-diethoxy Diphenylamine, 2,3′-diethoxydiphenylamine, 2,4′-diethoxydiphenylamine, 3,3′-diethoxydiphenylamine, 3,4′-diethoxydiphenylamine, 4,4′-diethoxydiphenylamine, 2-methoxy -3 -Methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-4-methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-6-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-2-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-3-methyldiphenylamine, 3 -Methoxy-4-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-6-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-3-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-6- Methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-2′-methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-3′-methyldiphenylamine, 2-methoxy-4′-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-2′-methyldiphenylamine, 3-methyl Toxi-3′-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-methoxy-4′-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-2′-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-3′-methyldiphenylamine, 4-methoxy-4′-methyldiphenylamine, 2- Ethoxy-3-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-4-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-6-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-2-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-4-methyl Diphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-6-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-2-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-3-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-5-methyldiphenylamine 4-ethoxy-6-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-2'-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-3'-methyldiphenylamine, 2-ethoxy-4'-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-2'-methyldiphenylamine 3-ethoxy-3'-methyldiphenylamine, 3-ethoxy-4'-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-2'-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-3'-methyldiphenylamine, 4-ethoxy-4'-methyldiphenylamine 2-ethyl-3-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-5-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-6-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-2-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl- 4-methoxydi Phenylamine, 3-ethyl-5-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-6-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-2-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-3-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-5-methoxydiphenylamine, 4- Ethyl-6-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-2′-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-3′-methoxydiphenylamine, 2-ethyl-4′-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-2′-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl -3'-methoxydiphenylamine, 3-ethyl-4'-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-2'-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-3'-methoxydiphenylamine, 4-ethyl-4'-methoxydiphenylamine and the like. But The present invention is not limited to these.
[0009]
The amount used is 0.5 to 2.0 times by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 times by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 1.2 times by weight based on 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes. Is double.
[0010]
The catalyst used in the present invention is a metallic copper powder, preferably a shaved copper powder. The amount used is important, and the amount of by-products tends to increase as the amount used increases. A preferable use amount is 0.5 to 10 mol%, more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, based on 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes. If the amount is less than 0.5 mol%, a sufficient reaction rate cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.
[0011]
Specific examples of the surfactant used in the present invention include polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, crown ethers such as 18-crown-6 and dibenzo-18-crown-6, and polyether polyols. Among them, polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol and polyether polyol are preferable. If the amount used is 0.1% by weight or more based on 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes, a sufficient effect is exhibited. It is. In addition, when using polyalkylene glycol, a difference is seen in an effect by the average molecular weight. A preferable average molecular weight is 300 to 1000 in the case of polyethylene glycol, and a more preferable average molecular weight is 400 to 600.
[0012]
In the Ullmann reaction of the present invention, hydrogen iodide is produced with the progress of the reaction, so the presence of a base is necessary. Usable bases include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, alkali metal or alkaline earth such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydrogen carbonate Alkali metals such as bicarbonates, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and other alkali metals or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and other alkalis Tertiary amines such as metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, pyridine, methylpyridine, quinoline, N, N-dimethylaniline It is not intended to be limited thereto. Preferably they are sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, More preferably, it is potassium carbonate. The amount used is 1 to 6 mol, preferably 1 to 4 mol when a monovalent base is used with respect to 1 mol of 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes, and when a divalent base is used. 0.5-3 mol, preferably 0.5-2 mol.
[0013]
The reaction temperature of the present invention is selected within a range where a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained. Specifically, it is 180-250 degreeC, Preferably it is 185-220 degreeC. When the temperature is lower than 180 ° C., a sufficient reaction rate cannot be obtained, and when the temperature is higher than 250 ° C., side reactions such as a decomposition reaction are promoted, which is not preferable.
[0014]
Since the present invention is usually carried out at normal pressure, it is preferable to use a compound inert to the Ullmann reaction having a boiling point of 180 ° C. or higher as the solvent. Specifically, hydrocarbon solvents such as undecane, dodecane, tridecane, butylbenzene and pentylbenzene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene And aprotic polar solvents such as sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, but are not limited thereto. . Further, when the present invention is carried out by pressurization, there is no restriction due to the boiling point. The amount used is 0.5 to 10 times, preferably 0.8 to 5 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times the weight of 9,9-dialkyl-2-iodofluorenes.
[0015]
The produced 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes can be obtained by treating the mixture after completion of the reaction according to conventional methods such as crystallization, extraction and sublimation.
[0016]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the method of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), potassium carbonate 20.7 g (0.15 mol), 1,2-dichlorobenzene 90.0 g, copper powder 0.32 g (0.005 mol, 5 mol% / charge 9,9-dimethylfluorene) Was loaded. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 20 hours. After completion of the reaction, a precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. .6%, 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2 and by-product 3 were 93.1% and 0.20, respectively. %, 0.10%, and 0.006%.
[0017]
Example 2
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 0.08 g of copper powder (0.00125 mol, 1.25 mol% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl) Fluorene). While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 25 hours. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 91. The yields of 4%, 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2 and by-product 3 were 91.0% and 0.15, respectively. %, 0.08%, and 0.01%.
[0018]
Example 3
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 0.32 g of copper powder (0.005 mol, 5 mol% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2) -Iodofluorene), 0.64 g of polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight 400) (2% by weight / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene) was charged. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 9 hours. After completion of the reaction, a precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. .3% of 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) -9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2 and by-product 3 were 92.1% and 0.15%, respectively. 0.04% and 0.01%.
[0019]
Example 4
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 0.32 g of copper powder (0.005 mol, 5 mol% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2) -Iodofluorene), 0.32 g of polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight 400) (1% by weight / charge 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene) was charged. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 9 hours. After completion of the reaction, a precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. .3% of 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) -9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2, and by-product 3 were 93.0% and 0.15%, respectively. 0.03% and 0.01%.
[0020]
Example 5
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 0.32 g of copper powder (0.005 mol, 5 mol% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2) -Iodofluorene), 0.32 g of polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight 600) (1 wt% / charge 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene) was charged. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 15 hours. After completion of the reaction, a precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. .6%, 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) -9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2, and by-product 3 were 93.2% and 0.17%, respectively. 0.06% and 0.04%.
[0021]
Example 6
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32.0 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0 mol) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. .105 mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 0.32 g of copper powder (0.005 mol, 5 mol% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2) -Iodofluorene), New Calgen D-118 (polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol ether, manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd.) 0.32 g (1 wt% / prepared 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene) was charged. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 17 hours. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. .6%, 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) -9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2 and by-product 3 were 93.1% and 0.15%, respectively. 0.08% and 0.05%.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
A 300 ml round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 32 g (0.1 mol) of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene and 20.7 g (0.105) of 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine. Mol), 20.7 g (0.15 mol) of potassium carbonate, 90.0 g of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and 3.2 g of copper powder (0.05 mol, 50 mol% / 9,9-dimethylfluorene charged). I entered. While stirring in the reactor, the temperature was raised to 188 ° C. over about 1.5 hours, and the reaction was carried out for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, a precipitate containing copper powder, excess potassium carbonate, produced potassium iodide and the like was filtered off and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the conversion of 9,9-dimethyl-2-iodofluorene was 93. The yields of 9%, 2-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene, by-product 1, by-product 2 and by-product 3 were 93.0% and 0.20, respectively. %, 0.17%, and 0.32%.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, 2-bisarylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenes can be produced in a short and efficient manner with little by-products.
Claims (10)
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