JP3954289B2 - Hot air circulation type volume reduction machine - Google Patents

Description

このように、処理物は著しく減容されるので、その後の、保管、運搬、リサイクルするための処理、廃棄物としての埋立処理等が著しく容易となる。
【００４３】
このように減容機本体４へ吹き込まれた熱風は処理物を加熱することにより温度を下げる。そして吸引口１６から吸引側ダクト１４、循環用配管１１を通じて送風機５に吸い込まれる。そして、送風機５によって熱風はダクト５ａへ吐出され、上述した経路を通り再び循環する。
【００４４】
ここで、運転開始当初においては循環するガス温度が低く処理物を軟化、溶融しないが、定常状態に達するまでは温度センサー７で検出した熱風の温度は温度設定器８の設定温度に達しないので、温度設定器８中の温度制御装置は温度センサー７で検出した熱風の温度と設定温度の差に基づいて図示されないドライバを介してバーナ２への不図示の燃料供給弁を制御してバーナ２の供給燃料を制御する。そして温度設定器８が温度センサー７の検出温度と設定値の差が小さくなるにつれてバーナ２の燃料供給を逐次減少させ、温度センサー７が設定値と同じ温度を検出した状態ではバーナ２の発熱量が処理物の加熱に要する熱量、炉体１ａ、減容機本体４からの放熱量、配管３、吸引側ダクト１４、循環用配管１１、送風機５、ダクト５ａ等からの放熱量、排気筒１２からの排気の熱量の和と等しくなり、温度設定器８で設定される設定温度となるようにして定常運転される。
【００４５】
このように、熱風は排気筒１２で排気される小量の排気を除いて循環するので、全量排気する運転方法と比較して格段に熱損失が少なく、バーナ２の燃量消費量が少ない。
【００４６】
上述のように熱風循環式採用による未燃焼成分の燃焼と脱臭が実現できる。運転温度領域は基本的に樹脂が軟化／溶解する温度領域での操業であり、従って処理工程においては揮発分の発生はない状態である。ただし、複数の単体素材の混合物処理において最高軟化温度に熱風温度を設定使用する必要があり、この場合低温軟化物質より万一揮発分が発生した場合でも、直燃式炉の熱源に再循環熱風が接触することにより燃焼脱臭が連続的に実施されるので加熱処理中の臭気はほとんど発生しない。臭気の元となっている加熱により発生した樹脂等からの未燃焼成分は熱風とし再循環している過程において、直燃式炉の熱源に接触、この高温度部分で燃焼反応を起し、燃焼をして、臭気も無くなる。
【００４７】
また、熱風循環式採用により効率が良い。熱損失は梱包廃材の加熱と減容機外壁からの熱放出、一部の排気損失のみである。
【００４８】
減容機本体４内に設置した熱センサー７と温度設定器８によりバーナ２に信号をフィードバックすることで精度高い温度コントロールが可能である。
【００４９】
天井からノズル１０で熱風を噴出し流速を５〜３０ｍ／ｓと制御することで減容機本体４の底部まで熱風が到達する。また、出口は噴出ノズルと反対側の床からの吸引口１６から吸引することで内部が均一に熱風で加熱される。
【００５０】
次に安全性について述べる。
【００５１】
第１は逆火防止装置１７ａ，１７ｂによる安全対策が施されている。バーナ２が燃焼する熱風発生機１の空気入口及び出口には逆火を防ぐ逆火防止装置１７ａ，１７ｂを設置することで、万一循環熱風の濃度が可燃範囲に到達しても、着火源としての役割を回避させる。
【００５２】
第２はドアーインターロック設置による安全対策が施してある。台車２４を出し入れする扉４ｄの閉止で作用するリミットスイッチ１８を取り付け、図示されない運転スイッチと運動させ、リミットスイッチ１８が扉４ｄの閉止を確認することで運転上の安全確認を実施している。
【００５３】
第３は吸引口１６の遮蔽板１６ｂの設置により、吸気入口１６ａ１の閉塞を回避している。遮蔽板１６ｂにより万一の材料による閉塞を物理的に回避できる。
【００５４】
第４は防爆扉２０の設置により万一の爆発への対処としてある。何らかの原因で減容機本体４内ガス濃度が爆発限界に達して、爆発したときに、被害を最小に防ぐため圧力調整弁（通称防爆扉）を取り付ける。ここは通常適当なばね力のばねで閉塞状態が保たれ、内部の高温ガスが外部に漏れることはない。
【００５５】
（運転の終了）
運転の終了にはバーナ２をバーナ２の送風機を運転した状態で消火し、排気筒１２のメインダンパー２５ｂを全開する。送風機５は引き続いて運転する。減容機本体４内の高温ガスは吸引口１６から吸引側ダクト１４、循環用配管１１を通じて送風機５に吸い込まれる。送風機５で加圧されたガスは吐出口５ｃからダクト５ａに吐出される。ここで、風量調整ダンパー６がバーナ２を燃焼して運転中の開度と変わらないとしても、排気筒１２のメインダンパー１２ｂが全開しているので風量調整ダンパー６、熱風発生機１、配管３、逆火防止装置１７ａ，１７ｂを流れるガスの流体抵抗もあって、高温のガスが排気筒１２から大気に放出される。そして、風量調整ダンパー６を通じて熱風発生機１へ送られる一部のガスはバーナ２の送風機で送られる冷気と混合して再び減容機本体４へ送られる。バーナ２が燃焼しておらず、バーナ２の送風機で冷気が循環するガスに混合すると共に減容機（配管等の系を含む）からの放熱もあって、減容機本体４内の温度は次第に下り出す。
【００５６】
温度設定器８の表示器には温度センサー７の検出した減容機本体４内の温度が表示されているのでこの温度を見て台車２４を引き出せるかどうかを判断する。減容機本体４内の温度が台車２４を引き出し得ると判断されると、風量調整ダンパー６を全閉し、扉４ｄ，４ｄを開く。すると送風機５は扉４ｄ，４ｄが開かれた減容機本体４の開口から外気を吸い込んだ状態となる。ここで台車２４を引き出すと、減容機本体４内のガスは外気でほぼ入れ替わるようにして送風機５により排気されるので扉４ｄ，４ｄを開いたときの減容機本体４内のガスの臭いを嗅ぐことがない。その後、送風機５、バーナ２の送風機を停止する。
【００５７】
他の運転停止方法としてはバーナ２を消勢し、且つバーナ２の送風機を停止し、風量調整ダンパー６を全閉し、排気筒１２のメインダンパー２５ｂを全開した状態にすると減容機本体４の高温ガスは吸引側ダクト１４、循環用配管１１を通じて送風機５に吸い込まれ、送風機５の吐出口５ｃから吐出したガスは全量がダクト５ａ、排気筒１２を通じて排気される。このため、減容機本体４内は負圧となる。そこで、扉４ｄ，４ｄを少し開くと外気は減容機本体４内へ流入し台車２４及び台車２４内の減容した処理物を冷却する。そして、温度センサー７が検出した温度が台車２４の引き出し可能な温度を示すと、扉４ｄ，４ｄを全開して台車２４を引き出す。なお、この運転停止方法では温度センサー７が検出する温度は、台車２４回りにおける減容機本体４内温度より若干高くなるので操業としては安全側にある。
【００５９】
実施の形態は定容量（バッチ式）を示したが、列車式台車、又は処理物をコンベヤで送ることにより連続式処理も可能であることはいうまでもない。
【００６９】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、樹脂系廃棄物のほとんどが減容可能で、最終品（減容後の物）はリサイクルが可能である。分別処理すると、いずれの材料も純度の高いリサイクル可能な素材状態に仕上げることができる。
【００７０】
また、本発明によれば操業中脱臭でき熱風を循環利用することにより排気熱損失を最小に押え、また減容廃棄物は素材変質することがないのでリサイクル材として利用可能である。
【００７１】
また、本発明によれば、排気は極めて小量であるからその処理も容易であり、２次公害のおそれがない。
【００７２】
本発明によれば減容の割合が極めて大きく、減容処理後のリサイクル原料の取扱が容易で運搬費用も少なくて済む。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の実施の形態の全体を示すフローシートである。
【図２】 減容機本体の縦断面図である。
【図３】 スノコの平面図である。
【図４】 吸引口回りを示す斜視図である。
【図５】 防爆扉を示す縦断面図である。
【図６】 熱風発生炉のバーナ回りを示す縦断面図である。
【図７】 排気筒の水平断面図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ…熱風循環式減容機 Ａ１，Ａ２…空気量
１…熱風発生機 １ａ…炉体 １ｂ…ガス吹込のための入口 １ｃ…バーナ取付板 １ｄ…熱風送り出しのための出口 １ｆ…ガス路空間
２…バーナ ２ａ…吹筒 ２ｂ…炎 ２ｃ…筒状体 ２ｄ…貫通穴
３…配管
４…減容機本体 ４ａ…天板 ４ｂ…熱風送入口 ４ｃ…背板 ４ｄ…扉 ４ｅ…側板 ４ｆ…底板 ４ｇ…ガイドレール ４ｈ…天井板 ４ｉ…分散室 ４ｊ…空間 ４ｋ…開口
５…送風機 ５ａ…ダクト ５ｂ…吸込口 ５ｃ…吐出口
６…風量調整ダンパー
７…温度センサー
８…温度設定器
１０…ノズル
１１…循環用配管
１２…排気筒
１３…吸込口
１４…吸引側ダクト
１６…吸引口 １６ａ…吸引ダクト １６ａ１…吸気入口 １６ｂ…遮蔽板
１６ｂ１…平行平板部 １６ｂ２，１６ｂ３…折り曲げ部
１７ａ，１７ｂ…逆火防止装置
１８…リミットスイッチ
２０…圧力調整弁（防爆扉） ２０ａ…丁番 ２０ｂ…扉本体 ２０ｃ…押え板 ２０ｄ…ボルト ２０ｅ…圧縮コイルばね
２１…スノコ ２１ａ…脚 ２１ｂ…格子
２２…ステー ２２ａ…上端 ２２ｂ…下端
２３…ローラ
２４…台車 ２４ａ…底板 ２４ｂ…ブラケット ２４ｃ…側板 ２４ｄ…丁番 ２４ｅ…上縁
２５…２重設定式排気ダクト ２５ａ…排気ダクト ２５ｂ…メインダンパー ２５ｂ１…開口 ２５ｃ…サブダンパー ２５ｄ…サブダンパー ２５ｅ…ピン ２５ｆ…軸[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a volume reduction machine that heats and reduces a molded article, a bulk, a string, a band, a container and the like each made of a synthetic resin.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the packaging waste material, typical foamed polystyrene, vinyl sheet, packing band, packing string and the like are used. Once they have been transported, they are broken, torn, or cut, and most of them are waste and cannot be reused as they are. In addition, there is a volume problem when disposing of waste. Styrofoam occupies a large volume with respect to the weight, and the volume of other products is certainly increased compared to before use. These are about 50 to 15 times in bulk specific gravity. When processing the waste as it is, a large space is required, which causes an increase in processing costs. Moreover, although all of these wastes are recyclable materials, they are hardly recycled at present.
[0003]
Conventionally, compression and volume reduction machines, oil production, cutting volume reduction, volume reduction by steam heat, incineration, etc. are performed on molded products.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
(1) Problems with compression volume reduction machines
As a method for reducing the amount of waste, downsizing with a compressor is generally performed. This method reduces the volume ratio to about 1/2 to 1/5 in addition to the expanded polystyrene and exhibits a certain effect. In the case of styrene foam, there is no effect unless air is removed at the same time.
(2) Problems of oiling of polystyrene foam
A volume reduction method by oiling by soaking in a normal temperature solution has also been implemented, but there are some types of selective use, that is, types that cannot be processed, and are limited.
(3) Problems with cutting volume reduction method
If the expanded polystyrene is cut as it is, the storage volume becomes rather large. The vinyl sheet becomes entangled with the cutting cutter and adheres to it, making it impossible to maintain the processing performance.
(4) Problems with steam usage
As a relatively new technology, there is a method in which steam is generated by a boiler, the steam is introduced into a packaging waste material processing machine, and reduced by the heat. Shrinking with the heat of steam has many disadvantages with respect to:
(1) In addition to machine management, specialized maintenance and management work for steam boilers will occur.
(2) Since steam is introduced into the packaging waste material processing machine, the main body becomes a pressure vessel when the sealing structure is made efficient. Legal handling is required.
(3) In order to obtain a high steam temperature, a high steam pressure is required in proportion thereto, and the apparatus itself needs to be robust and the cost is high.
(5) Problems with the incinerator method
Conventionally, incineration using an incinerator has been common as a waste treatment method, but this method involves incineration without recycling, and incineration of such materials is difficult to complete combustion, soot. Or secondary pollution often becomes a problem, and additional equipment costs such as exhaust gas treatment equipment costs are required.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot air circulation type volume reduction machine capable of greatly reducing the volume of synthetic resin waste.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot air circulation type volume reduction machine capable of reducing the volume of almost all synthetic resin wastes and simultaneously reducing the volume of wastes of different kinds of trees.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot air circulation type volume reduction machine capable of processing synthetic resin waste that does not generate secondary pollution.
[0008]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a hot air circulation type volume reduction machine with extremely small heat energy required for processing synthetic resin waste.
[0012]
No. related to this application 1 Invention reduces volume of products such as synthetic resin Hot air circulation type In the volume reduction machine,
The gas inlet of the heated gas, the gas outlet of the heated gas and the gas flowing in from the gas inlet Direct combustion Do A burner that takes in the fuel and outside air necessary for combustion and produces a flame; A hot air generator, a gas inlet through which heated gas communicated with a gas outlet of the hot air generator is sent, and a suction port through which the internal gas is sucked. The main body of the volume reducer that can go in and out, and its suction port communicate with the suction port of the main body of the volume reducer, and its discharge port Through air volume adjustment damper A blower communicating with the gas inlet of the hot air generator and a part of the gas discharged from the outlet of the blower Can be adjusted and always sent to the outside and Can send everything out Fully opened Exhaust member The gas circulation path that circulates the gas in the order of the blower, air volume adjustment damper, hot air generator, reducing container body, blower, and directly burns the gas directly in the flame of the burner or in contact with it Exhaust gas suitable for the outside air sent for burner combustion is discharged through the exhaust member. This is a hot air circulation type reducing container.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Embodiment 1]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016]
The hot air circulation type volume reduction machine generally indicated by the symbol A is mainly a hot air generator 1, a volume reduction machine body 4, a blower 5, a pipe for connecting these to circulate hot air, a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of hot air, and It has a control device for hot air and exhaust.
[0017]
(Volume reduction machine body)
As shown in FIG. 1, the volume reduction machine main body 4 has a hexagonal hollow shape in the present embodiment. However, this shape does not limit the present invention, and a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape having a polygonal cross section, or the like can also be adopted. As shown in FIG. 1, the top plate 4a of the volume reduction machine main body 4 is provided with a hot air inlet 4b. The hot air inlet is connected to the outlet of a pipe 3 that guides the hot air sent from the hot air generator 1 and communicates with the volume reduction machine main body 4. A suction port 16 is provided in the back plate 4 c of the volume reducing machine body 4. Further, the entire front surface of the volume reducing machine body 4 is open. In addition, double doors 4d and 4d are provided on the front surface, and the front surface of the volume reducing machine body 4 can be fully opened and fully closed. A pressure regulating valve (also referred to as an explosion-proof door) 20 is provided on the side plate 4 e of the volume reducing machine body 4. Normally, the volume reduction machine main body 4 does not explode because the temperature and the amount of gas delivered are controlled. However, when the gas concentration in the volume reducing machine main body 4 reaches the explosion limit for some reason and an explosion occurs, the side plate 4e is used as the pressure adjusting valve 20 to reduce the pressure increase in the volume reducing machine main body 4 due to this explosion. The door which closes the opening provided in is pressed from the outside toward the inside by a spring. Accordingly, the internal high-temperature gas does not leak from the normal pressure regulating valve 20 to the outside. The pressure regulating valve 20 will be further described later.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2, a guide rail 4g is provided on the bottom plate 4f of the volume reducing machine body 4 in the front-rear direction when viewed from the front door 4d side. Further, a ceiling plate 4h is provided in parallel with the top plate 4a to partition the inside of the volume reduction machine main body 4 vertically. A plurality of nozzles 10 are provided on the ceiling plate 4h. In this example, as shown in FIG. 1, three nozzles 10 are provided on the diagonal line of the ceiling plate 4h. Through each nozzle 10, the dispersion chamber 4i communicates with the volume reducing chamber 4j, which is the space below the ceiling plate 4h. The hot air inlet 4b and each nozzle 10 are located at a distance. The space between the top plate 4a and the ceiling plate 4h of the volume reducer body 4 is a gas dispersion chamber 4i fed from the hot air inlet 4b. Below the dispersion chamber 4i is a volume reduction chamber 4j that accommodates processed materials, polystyrene foam, vinyl, packing bands, luggage strings, PET bottles, and the like.
[0019]
The roller 23 provided on the bottom plate 24a side of the carriage 24 is guided to the guide rail 4g on the bottom plate 4f described above. The roller 23 is attached to the bracket 24b via a heat resistant bearing. The bracket 24b is fixed to the bottom plate 24a by welding or the like. The roller 23 is rotatably supported by a bracket 24b provided below the bottom plate 24a of the carriage 24 with a horizontal axis (not shown). The cart 24 has a rectangular container shape that fits in the volume reducing machine main body 4 when viewed in a horizontal section. The upper end surface of the carriage 24 is open. The upper end surface and the nozzle 10 are spaced apart, and hot air blown from the nozzle 10 is dispersed and blown into the carriage 24.
[0020]
A snowboard 21 is provided in the carriage 24. The snowboard 21 has a plurality of legs 21a attached to a lattice 21b. The lattice 21b is filled with a processed material to be reduced in volume. Here, the processed products to be reduced in volume are mostly waste materials such as polystyrene foam, vinyl, packing band, packing string, plastic bottle and the like. In order to facilitate the entry and removal of these wastes into and from the carriage 24, the four side plates 24c of the carriage 24 can be opened and closed, respectively, and pillars (not shown) standing at the four corners of the bottom plate 24a are respectively provided. The hinge 24d can be opened and closed around the vertical axis. The side plate 24c may be attached to the edge of each side of the bottom plate 24a so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis.
[0021]
The volume reducing machine main body 4 is provided with a stay 22 on a horizontal surface on the inner periphery thereof. The stay 22 is provided so as to surround the inner wall of the volume reducing machine main body 4. Therefore, the doors 4d and 4d have cuts from the stays 22 provided on the side plates 4e. Further, the doors 4d and 4d are continuous through the seam at the ridge portion of the door when the doors 4d and 4d are closed. The stay 22 is continuous between the side plates 4e and the back plate 4c. Therefore, when the doors 4d and 4d are closed, the stay 22 is disposed in a square shape when viewed in plan.
[0022]
A longitudinal sectional view of the stay 22 in the inside and outside of the volume reducing machine main body 4 is as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the stay 22 is inclined so as to be lowered from an upper end 22a fixed to the inner wall (including the inner walls of the doors 4d and 4d) of the volume reducing machine body 4 by welding or the like when viewed in cross section. The lower end 22 b of the stay 22 is in the plane projection of the carriage 24. The lower end 22b is immediately above the upper edge 24e of the carriage 24. The inclination angle between the upper end 22a and the lower end 22b of the stay 22 is an angle at which the processed object does not stop.
[0023]
As described above, even if the processed material enters between the back plate 4c, the side plate 4e, the doors 4d and 4d of the volume reducing machine main body 4 and the side plate 24c of the carriage 24, it is guided by the stay 22 into the carriage 24. The stay 22 has an effect of guiding the hot air blown from the nozzle 10 into the carriage 24. The stay 22 has an effect of reinforcing and stiffening the volume reducing machine body 4.
[0024]
(Details of suction port)
FIG. 4 shows the periphery of the suction port 16 of the volume reducer body 4. A suction duct 16a and a shielding plate 16b are provided around the suction port 16. The suction duct 16 a is opened in the back plate 4 c of the volume reducer body 4. A shielding plate 16b is provided so as to face the intake inlet 16a1 of the suction duct 16a. Since the shielding plate 16b is provided in this way, the processed material in the volume reducing machine body 4 does not block the intake inlet 16a1 of the intake duct 16a. The shielding plate 16b is parallel to the back plate 4c, and is provided with bent portions 16b2 and 16b3 facing the back plate 4c on the upper and side edges of the parallel flat plate portion 16b1 facing the air inlet 16a1, respectively. The edges of the bent portions 16b2 and 16b3 are in contact with the back plate 4c. The bent portion 16b3 at the side edge of the shielding plate 16b has only an upper portion, and the intake air generated in the volume reducing machine main body 4 passes between the lower half of the parallel plate portion 16b1 and the back plate 4c and reaches the intake port 16a1 as shown in the figure. .
[0025]
(Details of explosion-proof door)
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the explosion-proof door 20. An opening 4k is provided in the side plate 4e. The upper edge of the door body 20b of the explosion-proof door is pivotally attached to the upper edge of the outer side of the opening 4k with a hinge 20a. Here, the outside side means the outside side of the volume reduction machine main body 4. The door main body 20b closes the opening 4k, and can be opened to a position indicated by a dotted line in the drawing with the outer edge of the opening 4k as a valve seat. The lower edge of the door body 20b is pressed by a presser plate 20c. The presser plate 20c is fitted so as to be movable in the axial direction of a headed bolt 20d implanted in the side plate 4e. A compression coil spring 20e is inserted between the holding plate 20c and the head of the bolt 20d so as to be contracted.
[0026]
With the above configuration, when the pressure in the volume reducing machine body 4 rises, the door body 20b moves the presser plate 20c outward against the spring force of the spring 20e around the hinge 20a. When the press plate 20c passes the position of the dotted line in the drawing and the lower edge of the door main body 20b is detached from the press plate 20c, the door main body 20b further rotates outward, and the gas in the volume reducing machine main body 4 is discharged from the opening 4k. It discharges and the gas pressure in the volume reduction machine main body 4 is reduced. When the pressure increase in the volume reducing machine main body 4 is not so great as that caused by an explosion or the like, the door main body 20b is opened to the extent that the lower edge of the door main body 20b is not detached from the presser plate 20c, and the volume reducing machine main body 4 The door main body 20b closes the opening 4k by the spring force of the spring 20e due to the gas inside the volume reducing machine main body 4 being reduced and the gas pressure in the volume reducing machine main body 4 decreasing.
[0027]
Since the door body 20b is normally in close contact with the side plate 4e, the gas in the volume reduction machine body 4 does not leak through the opening 4k.
[0028]
(Hot air generator)
As shown in FIG. 1, the hot air generator 1 includes a furnace body 1 a and a burner 2. The furnace body 1a has an inlet 1b for injecting gas with a backfire prevention device 17a, a burner mounting plate 1c for attaching the burner 2, and an outlet 1d for sending hot air with a backfire prevention device 17b. An inlet 1b for gas blowing communicates with a discharge port 5c of a blower 5 through a duct 5a through an air volume adjusting damper 6. The burner 2 sucks air used for combustion of the burner 2 from the suction port 13. Here, the equivalent amount of hot air at the outlet 1d is the suction port 5 of the blower 5. b Is substantially equal to the sum of the amount of air A1 fed from the inlet 1b due to gas suction and the amount of air A2 sucked from the inlet 13 necessary for combustion of the burner 2.
[0029]
In the above, the direction of flow is determined by the rotational direction of the blower 5. The backfire prevention devices 17a and 17b are a kind of check valve with respect to the flame. The fuel for the burner 2 is heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, city gas and the like.
[0030]
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a part of the furnace body 1a. A cylindrical body 2c is provided surrounding the flame 2b at the outlet of the blowing cylinder 2a of the burner 2. A hollow cylindrical space serving as a gas flow path space 1f is provided between the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 2c and the cylindrical furnace body 1a. A plurality of radial through holes 2d are provided in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 2c. Since it is such a structure, the gas blown into the furnace body 1a from the inlet 1b for gas blowing enters the gas flow path space 1f. A part of the gas flowing into the gas flow path space 1f is heated at the front end side of the flame 2b directly toward the outlet 1d for sending hot air as shown by the arrow A in the drawing. The remaining gas is fed into the cylindrical body 2c through the through hole 2d. And it mixes with combustion gas. Here, when a combustible component is contained in the gas blown from the inlet 1b for gas blowing, a part of the gas is mixed with the fuel of the burner 2 in the flame 2b through the through hole 2d and burned.
[0031]
As described above, the hot air generator 1 is a direct combustion furnace in which the gas to be heated is directly blown into or in contact with the flame of the burner.
[0032]
(Blower)
The blower 5 has its suction port 5b connected to the suction port 16 of the volume reduction machine body 4 via the circulation pipe 11, and its discharge port 5c is the inlet 1b for gas blowing of the hot air generator 1 via the duct 5a. It is connected to. The duct 5a is provided with an air volume adjusting damper 6 for adjusting the air volume of recirculated hot air sent from the blower 5 to the hot air generator 1 through the duct 5a. Further, the duct 5 a is provided by branching the exhaust pipe 12 between the blower 5 and the air volume adjustment damper 6. A double setting type exhaust duct 25 is interposed in the exhaust cylinder 12. The circulation pipe 11 described above is connected to the suction side duct 14. The suction side duct 14 has a suction port 16 as a gas inlet. The outlet 1 d for hot air delivery of the hot air generator 1 and the hot air inlet 4 b of the volume reducer main body 4 are connected by a pipe 3.
[0033]
(Double setting type exhaust duct)
FIG. 7 shows a double setting type exhaust duct 25. A main damper 25b capable of fully closing and opening the duct 25 is attached to the exhaust duct 25a. A sub damper 25c is attached to the main damper 25b. The exhaust duct 25a has a cylindrical cross section. A shaft 25f that spans the diameter of the exhaust duct 25a is rotatably supported by the exhaust duct 25a. A main damper 25b is fixed to the shaft 25f. The main damper 25b is equal to the inner diameter of the exhaust duct 25a. Therefore, when the main damper 25b is located at the position shown in FIG. 7, the exhaust duct 25a is fully opened. When the shaft 25f is rotated 90 degrees from the outside of the exhaust duct 25a from the position shown in FIG. 7, the main damper 25b rotates at the same angle to close the exhaust duct 25a. The sub damper 25c opens and closes an opening 25b1 provided in the main damper 25b so that the opening degree can be set. Therefore, the sub damper 25c is pivotally attached to the main damper 25b with a pin 25e near the edge of the opening 25b1.
[0034]
(Hot air temperature control)
As shown in FIG. 1, the hot air temperature control device is provided with a temperature sensor 7 provided in the dispersion chamber 4i of the volume reducer body 4 and a signal from the temperature sensor 7 for adjusting the fuel supply amount of the burner 2. And a temperature setter 8. The temperature setter 8 receives the signal from the temperature sensor 7, compares the set temperature set in the temperature setter 8 with the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7, and reduces the difference between the set temperature and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7. Thus, the fuel supply amount of the burner 2 is adjusted. The temperature setter 8 and the burner 2 are connected by a control line 9 so that a fuel supply valve (not shown) is adjusted via a driver (not shown) in proportion to the difference between the set temperature and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7. It has become.
[0035]
The temperature set by the temperature setting device 8 is 100 to 300 ° C. This set temperature is 150 ° C. for polystyrene foam / vinyl sheet, 190 ° C. for packing band (polyresin), 190 ° C. for packing string, and the like.
[0036]
(Overall action)
Here, the operation of the entire volume reducing machine will be described. Before the start of work, the burner 2 is extinguished. The main damper 25b of the exhaust duct 25 is closed. The sub damper 25c opens the opening 25b1 with the main damper 25b closed. The air volume adjustment damper 6 is open.
[0037]
The carriage 24 is outside the volume reduction machine main body 4, and the treatment object to be reduced in volume is put into the carriage 24. The cart 24 loaded with the processed material is fed into the volume reducing machine body 4 with the doors 4d, 4d fully opened. At that time, the roller 23 of the carriage 24 is guided to the guide rail 4g, so that the carriage 24 is stored in a fixed position in the volume reducing machine main body 4. Here, the doors 4d and 4d are closed.
[0038]
Here, the temperature to be applied to the processed material in the carriage 24 is set in the temperature setting device 8. As described above, the set temperature is 150 ° C. for the polystyrene foam / vinyl sheet, 150 ° C. for the packing band (polyresin), and 190 ° C. for the load string.
[0039]
Next, the burner 2 is ignited and the blower 5 is energized. By the urging of the blower 5, the air (initial air and later combustion gas) sucked from the circulation pipe 11 is pressurized and sent to the duct 5 a from the discharge port 5 c, and the air volume is adjusted by the air volume adjusting damper 6. This air volume is adjusted in association with the gas discharged through the exhaust cylinder 12 to determine the opening of the air volume adjusting damper 6. The amount of exhaust from the exhaust cylinder 12 is basically equivalent to the amount of combustion air taken in by the burner 2. Here, “equivalently equal” means that the exhaust amount and the combustion air amount are made equal by equivalently converting the temperature and pressure.
[0040]
The gas sent into the furnace body 1a through the air volume adjusting damper 6 and the inlet 1b for gas blowing is heated by the flame 2b. At that time, when the gas entrained in the flame 2b through the through hole 2d is a gas containing a combustible component, it is mixed with the fuel of the burner 2 and combusts itself. Further, if there is a combustible component in the gas that travels as shown by the arrow A without passing through the through hole 2d, it is heated and burned at the tip of the flame 2b. Therefore, the odor of this combustible gas is efficiently removed. The hot air heated and heated in the furnace body 1a is discharged to the pipe 3 from the outlet 1d. The hot air does not flow back from the pipe 3 to the furnace body 1a and from the furnace body 1a to the duct 5a by the backfire prevention devices 17b and 17a.
[0041]
The hot air that has reached the volume reducing machine body 4 through the pipe 3 is sent from the hot air inlet 4b to the hot air dispersion chamber 4i, and is blown out from the nozzle 10 to the space 4j to heat the processed material in the carriage 24, so that the present state is obtained. Volume is reduced by changing. Here, in the case where the treated product is a polystyrene foam, dissolution starts when heated, and the air contained therein is extracted. With regard to vinyl sheets, packing bands, etc., heating a non-stationary shape at room temperature causes a change in shape at the same time as softening, thereby reducing the volume. The dissolved processed product passes through the slats 21 and accumulates on the bottom plate 24 a of the carriage 24. Since the slats 21 are provided with a grid 21b in a grid pattern, they are divided into small blocks when passing through the slats 21. Therefore, the slatboard 21 does not have to be cut separately as a product for recycling at the time of recycling. This eliminates the need for a cutting step during recycling.
[0042]
Here, how much the processed material is reduced is shown below.
Representative materials and experimental results are shown for resin materials.
Outlet flow velocity of hot air nozzle 10 about 5-30 m / s

In this way, the volume of the processed material is remarkably reduced, so that subsequent processing for storage, transportation, recycling, landfill processing as waste, and the like are significantly facilitated.
[0043]
The hot air blown into the volume reducing machine main body 4 in this manner lowers the temperature by heating the processed material. Then, the air is sucked into the blower 5 from the suction port 16 through the suction side duct 14 and the circulation pipe 11. And hot air is discharged by the air blower 5 to the duct 5a, and it circulates again through the path | route mentioned above.
[0044]
Here, at the beginning of operation, the temperature of the circulating gas is low and the processed material is not softened or melted, but the temperature of the hot air detected by the temperature sensor 7 does not reach the set temperature of the temperature setting device 8 until the steady state is reached. The temperature control device in the temperature setter 8 controls a fuel supply valve (not shown) to the burner 2 via a driver (not shown) based on the difference between the temperature of the hot air detected by the temperature sensor 7 and the set temperature. Control the fuel supply. Then, the temperature setter 8 sequentially decreases the fuel supply of the burner 2 as the difference between the detected temperature of the temperature sensor 7 and the set value becomes smaller. When the temperature sensor 7 detects the same temperature as the set value, the amount of heat generated by the burner 2 The amount of heat required for heating the processed material, the amount of heat released from the furnace body 1a, the volume reducing machine body 4, the amount of heat released from the pipe 3, the suction side duct 14, the circulation pipe 11, the blower 5, the duct 5a, etc., the exhaust pipe 12 It becomes equal to the sum of the heat quantity of the exhaust gas from the engine, and is operated in a steady state so as to become the set temperature set by the temperature setter 8.
[0045]
In this way, the hot air circulates except for a small amount of exhaust exhausted by the exhaust cylinder 12, so that heat loss is remarkably smaller than that of the operation method exhausting the entire amount, and the fuel consumption of the burner 2 is reduced.
[0046]
As described above, combustion and deodorization of unburned components can be realized by adopting a hot air circulation system. The operating temperature range is basically the operation in the temperature range where the resin is softened / dissolved, and therefore no volatile matter is generated in the treatment process. However, it is necessary to set the hot air temperature to the maximum softening temperature when processing a mixture of multiple single materials. In this case, even if volatile components are generated from the low-temperature softening material, the recirculated hot air is used as the heat source for the direct combustion furnace. Since the combustion deodorization is continuously carried out by contacting the odor, almost no odor is generated during the heat treatment. In the process of recirculating unburned components from the resin, etc., generated by heating, which is the source of odor, as hot air, it contacts the heat source of the direct combustion furnace, causing a combustion reaction at this high temperature part and burning And odor is gone.
[0047]
Moreover, efficiency is good by adopting a hot air circulation system. The heat loss is only the heating of the packaging waste, heat release from the outer wall of the volume reduction machine, and some exhaust loss.
[0048]
High-precision temperature control is possible by feeding back a signal to the burner 2 by the heat sensor 7 and the temperature setting device 8 installed in the volume reducing machine body 4.
[0049]
The hot air reaches the bottom of the volume reducer body 4 by jetting hot air from the ceiling with the nozzle 10 and controlling the flow rate to 5 to 30 m / s. Further, the outlet is sucked from the suction port 16 from the floor opposite to the ejection nozzle, whereby the inside is uniformly heated with hot air.
[0050]
Next, safety is described.
[0051]
First, safety measures are taken by backfire prevention devices 17a and 17b. Even if the concentration of the circulating hot air reaches the flammable range, it can be ignited by installing the anti-fire devices 17a and 17b at the air inlet and outlet of the hot air generator 1 where the burner 2 burns. Avoid the role as a source.
[0052]
Second, safety measures are taken by installing door interlocks. A limit switch 18 that acts when the door 4d for inserting and removing the carriage 24 is closed is attached and operated with an operation switch (not shown), and the limit switch 18 confirms that the door 4d is closed, thereby confirming operational safety.
[0053]
Third, the blocking of the intake port 16a1 is avoided by the installation of the shielding plate 16b of the suction port 16. The shielding plate 16b can physically avoid clogging with a material.
[0054]
The fourth is to cope with an emergency explosion by installing the explosion-proof door 20. When the gas concentration in the volume reducer body 4 reaches the explosion limit for some reason and it explodes, a pressure adjustment valve (commonly known as an explosion-proof door) is attached to prevent damage to a minimum. This is normally kept closed by a spring having an appropriate spring force, and the internal high temperature gas does not leak to the outside.
[0055]
(End of driving)
At the end of the operation, the burner 2 is extinguished in a state where the blower of the burner 2 is operated, and the main damper 25b of the exhaust pipe 12 is fully opened. The blower 5 continues to operate. The high-temperature gas in the volume reducer body 4 is sucked into the blower 5 through the suction port 16 and the suction side duct 14 and the circulation pipe 11. The gas pressurized by the blower 5 is discharged from the discharge port 5c to the duct 5a. Here, even if the air volume adjusting damper 6 burns the burner 2 and does not change the opening during operation, the main damper 12b of the exhaust pipe 12 is fully open, so the air volume adjusting damper 6, the hot air generator 1, the pipe 3 Also, due to the fluid resistance of the gas flowing through the backfire prevention devices 17a and 17b, high-temperature gas is released from the exhaust pipe 12 to the atmosphere. A part of the gas sent to the hot air generator 1 through the air volume adjusting damper 6 is mixed with the cold air sent by the blower of the burner 2 and sent to the volume reducer main body 4 again. The burner 2 is not combusted, and the air in the burner 2 is mixed with the gas through which the cool air circulates and heat is also released from the volume reducer (including piping and other systems). Gradually go down.
[0056]
Since the temperature setting unit 8 displays the temperature in the volume reduction machine body 4 detected by the temperature sensor 7, it is determined whether the carriage 24 can be pulled out by referring to this temperature. When it is determined that the temperature in the volume reducing machine body 4 can pull out the carriage 24, the air volume adjustment damper 6 is fully closed and the doors 4d and 4d are opened. Then, the blower 5 will be in the state which sucked in external air from the opening of the volume reduction machine main body 4 by which the doors 4d and 4d were opened. When the carriage 24 is pulled out, the gas in the volume reducer body 4 is exhausted by the blower 5 so that the gas in the volume reducer body 4 is almost exchanged with the outside air, so the smell of the gas in the volume reducer body 4 when the doors 4d and 4d are opened. Does not smell. Thereafter, the blower 5 and the blower 2 are stopped.
[0057]
As another method of stopping operation, the burner 2 is turned off, the blower of the burner 2 is stopped, the air volume adjustment damper 6 is fully closed, and the main damper of the exhaust pipe 12 is stopped. 25b Is fully opened, the high temperature gas in the volume reducing machine body 4 is sucked into the blower 5 through the suction side duct 14 and the circulation pipe 11, and the total amount of gas discharged from the discharge port 5 c of the blower 5 is the duct 5 a and the exhaust pipe 12. Exhausted through. For this reason, the inside of the volume reduction machine main body 4 becomes a negative pressure. Therefore, when the doors 4d and 4d are opened a little, the outside air flows into the volume reducer main body 4 and cools the carriage 24 and the volume-removed material in the carriage 24. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7 indicates a temperature at which the carriage 24 can be pulled out, the doors 4d and 4d are fully opened and the carriage 24 is pulled out. In this operation stop method, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7 is slightly higher than the temperature inside the volume reducing machine body 4 around the carriage 24, so that it is safe for operation.
[0059]
Although the embodiment shows a constant capacity (batch type), it is needless to say that a continuous type processing is possible by sending a train-type carriage or a processed product by a conveyor.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, most of the resin waste can be reduced in volume, and the final product (reduced volume) can be recycled. When the separation process is performed, any material can be finished into a highly recyclable material state.
[0070]
Further, according to the present invention, deodorization can be performed during operation, and exhaust air heat loss can be minimized by circulating hot air, and the volume-reduced waste can be used as a recycled material because it does not deteriorate in material.
[0071]
Further, according to the present invention, since the amount of exhaust gas is extremely small, it is easy to process the exhaust gas and there is no fear of secondary pollution.
[0072]
According to the present invention, the volume reduction rate is extremely large, handling of the recycled raw material after volume reduction treatment is easy, and the transportation cost is low.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing the entire embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a volume reducing machine main body.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a snowboard.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the periphery of the suction port.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an explosion-proof door.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the periphery of a burner of a hot air generating furnace.
FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of the exhaust pipe.
[Explanation of symbols]
A ... Hot air circulation volume reduction machine A1, A2 ... Air volume
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hot-air generator 1a ... Furnace 1b ... Inlet for gas injection 1c ... Burner mounting plate 1d ... Outlet for hot-air delivery 1f ... Gas path space
2 ... burner 2a ... blowing cylinder 2b ... flame 2c ... cylindrical body 2d ... through hole
3 ... Piping
4 ... Volume reducer body 4a ... Top plate 4b ... Hot air inlet 4c ... Back plate 4d ... Door 4e ... Side plate 4f ... Bottom plate 4g ... Guide rail 4h ... Ceiling plate 4i ... Dispersion chamber 4j ... Space 4k ... Opening
5 ... Blower 5a ... Duct 5b ... Suction port 5c ... Discharge port
6 ... Air volume adjustment damper
7 ... Temperature sensor
8 ... Temperature setter
10 ... Nozzle
11 ... Circulation piping
12 ... Exhaust pipe
13 ... Suction port
14 ... Suction side duct
16 ... Suction port 16a ... Suction duct 16a1 ... Intake inlet 16b ... Shielding plate
16b1 ... Parallel flat plate part 16b2, 16b3 ... Bending part
17a, 17b ... Backfire prevention device
18 ... Limit switch
20 ... Pressure adjusting valve (explosion-proof door) 20a ... Hinge 20b ... Door body 20c ... Holding plate 20d ... Bolt 20e ... Compression coil spring
21 ... Sunoko 21a ... Leg 21b ... Lattice
22 ... Stay 22a ... Upper end 22b ... Lower end
23 ... Laura
24 ... Dolly 24a ... Bottom plate 24b ... Bracket 24c ... Side plate 24d ... Hinge 24e ... Upper edge
25 ... Double setting type exhaust duct 25a ... Exhaust duct 25b ... Main damper 25b1 ... Opening 25c ... Sub damper 25d ... Sub damper 25e ... Pin 25f ... Shaft

Claims (1)

In hot air circulation volume reduction machines that reduce the volume of products such as synthetic resins,
The gas flowing from the gas outlet and the gas inlet of the heated gas inlet of the gas to be heated gas to a burner for direct combustion incorporating fuel and outside air necessary for combustion hot-air generator and a burner produces a flame When,
A volume reduction machine having a gas inlet through which heated gas communicated with a gas outlet of a hot air generator and a suction port through which the internal gas is sucked, and capable of entering and exiting the processing object. The body,
A blower in which the suction port communicates with the suction port of the volume reduction machine main body, and the discharge port communicates with the gas inlet of the hot air generator via the air volume adjustment damper ;
An exhaust member which is fully opened so that a part of the discharge gas from the discharge port of the blower can be adjusted and sent to the outside at all times and can be sent to the outside when the operation is stopped ;
I have a,
The gas circulation path that circulates the gas in the order of the blower, air volume adjustment damper, hot air generator, reduction container body, and blower is configured in this order. A hot air circulation type reduction container characterized in that exhaust gas suitable for the outside air sent for combustion is discharged through an exhaust member .

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