JP3966801B2 - Aluminum nitride sintered body and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Aluminum nitride sintered body and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3966801B2 JP3966801B2 JP2002324809A JP2002324809A JP3966801B2 JP 3966801 B2 JP3966801 B2 JP 3966801B2 JP 2002324809 A JP2002324809 A JP 2002324809A JP 2002324809 A JP2002324809 A JP 2002324809A JP 3966801 B2 JP3966801 B2 JP 3966801B2
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- aluminum nitride
- sintered body
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 93
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LTSWUFKUZPPYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decoxydecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCC LTSWUFKUZPPYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUUKZBGYNMHUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 253MC0P0YV Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COCC(O)CO DUUKZBGYNMHUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CUZMQPZYCDIHQL-VCTVXEGHSA-L calcium;(2s)-1-[(2s)-3-[(2r)-2-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)propanoyl]sulfanyl-2-methylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].N([C@H](C)C(=O)SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C([O-])=O)C(=O)C1CCCCC1.N([C@H](C)C(=O)SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C([O-])=O)C(=O)C1CCCCC1 CUZMQPZYCDIHQL-VCTVXEGHSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- MLTWWHUPECYSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene-1,1,2-triol Chemical group OC=C(O)O MLTWWHUPECYSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高密度・高曲げ強度で、反りと寸法バラツキの小さい、高放熱性基板等として好適な窒化アルミニウム焼結体およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、窒化アルミニウム焼結体からなる基板の一方の面に銅等の金属回路、反対面には銅等の金属放熱板を形成させ、その金属回路面に半導体素子を半田付けされてなるモジュールが使用されている。このようなモジュールにおいて、窒化アルミニウム焼結体は、絶縁・放熱部材として重要な役割を担っている。絶縁特性を高めるには、窒化アルミニウム焼結体中の空隙を少なくして高密度とし、しかも金属回路と窒化アルミニウム焼結体との沿面距離を一定以上にしなければならないので、焼結された窒化アルミニウム焼結体の寸法バラツキを可及的に小さくすることが肝要となる。また、モジュール内では窒化アルミニウム焼結体に種々の大きな応力がかかるので、従来以上に高強度であると共に、その応力によって著しく反らない耐久性が要求される。窒化アルミニウム焼結体が著しく反ると、金属回路・金属放熱板が窒化アルミニウム焼結体から剥離してしまう。
【0003】
そこで、窒化アルミニウム焼結体の反りを0.5μm/mm以下とする方法が特許文献1に、相対密度を99%以上とする方法が特許文献2に、曲げ強度を500MPa以上とする方法が特許文献3に記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献1の方法では、窒化アルミニウムプレス体中の空隙内有機物占有率を厳密に制御しなければならず、しかも焼結後の寸法バラツキが0.045%以下とはならない。特許文献2による方法では、寸法バラツキが最小でも0.05%までにしか到っていない。さらに、特許文献3による方法では、窒化アルミニウム焼結体の再加熱処理によって、これまた寸法バラツキが0.045%以下とはならない。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−25170号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平9−2879号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−239069号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記に鑑み、相対密度99%以上、反り0.5μm/mm以下、焼結体の寸法バラツキ0.045%以下、曲げ強度500MPa以上の窒化アルミニウム焼結体およびその製造方法を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、粒強度が0.6MPa以上でかつ平均粒径20〜30μmの窒化アルミニウム顆粒(顆粒A)と、粒強度が0.5MPa以下でかつ平均粒径70〜90μmの窒化アルミニウム顆粒(顆粒B)を混合し、プレス成形を行って、相対密度65%以上の窒化アルミニウムプレス体を成形した後、焼結することを特徴とする窒化アルミニウム焼結体の製造方法である。また、本発明は、顆粒B中の窒化アルミニウム粉末の一次粒子径の平均が、顆粒A中の窒化アルミニウム粉末の一次粒子径の平均の1.5〜10倍であり、顆粒A100質量部に対する顆粒Bの割合が200〜500質量部であることを特徴とする窒化アルミニウム焼結体の製造方法である。さらに、本発明は、相対密度99%以上、反り0.5μm/mm以下、曲げ強度500MPa以上であることを特徴とする前記製造方法により得られる窒化アルミニウム焼結体である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、更に詳しく本発明について説明する。
【0008】
本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体は、窒化アルミニウム粒子とその粒子間を埋める粒界相からなるものであって、窒化アルミニウム粒子の大きさは0.5〜40μmであることが好ましい。窒化アルミニウム焼結体における粒界相の構成割合は1〜20%(質量%、以下同じ)であることが好ましい。粒界相の構成割合は、アルカリ溶解法(分析化学,Vol.37,No.12,pp.1133−1137(1996))に準じて窒化アルミニウム粒子を溶解し、105℃−2時間乾燥後の質量から求めることができる。
【0009】
窒化アルミニウム焼結体の粒界相は、Y、La、Ce、Ho、Yb、Gd,Nb、Sm、Dy等の希土類元素、Mg、Ca、Sr等のアルカリ土類元素などの酸化物、フッ化物等によって構成されている。中でも、希土類元素の酸化物が好ましい。
【0010】
本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体は、焼結密度99%以上、反り0.5μm/mm以下、焼結体の寸法バラツキ0.045%以下、曲げ強度500MPa以上を有するものである。これらの特性のうち、1又は2の特性を同時に満たした窒化アルミニウム焼結体は公知であるが、全てを満たしたもの、特に本発明で定義された焼結体の寸法バラツキを備えたものは見あたらない。このような窒化アルミニウム焼結体は、後述する本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体の製造方法によって得ることができる。
【0011】
本発明において、焼結密度とは、アルキメデス法により焼結体密度を求め、助剤成分を加味した窒化アルミニウム焼結体の理論密度で除して求めた。窒化アルミニウム焼結体の理論密度は、段落0008記載のアルカリ溶解法より窒化アルミニウム粒子と助剤成分の存在比を求め、更に助剤成分の構成元素を同定した後、各々の理論密度をもとに求めることができる。焼結密度が99%未満であると、絶縁特性および曲げ強度が低下する。
【0012】
焼結体の反りは、焼結体の最長方向(例えば、矩形であれば対角線方向、楕円形であれば長軸方向)の反りを表裏、計2ヶ所測定し、そのときの最大値として定義される。焼結体の反りが0.5μm/mm以下よりも大きくなると、金属回路・金属放熱板が窒化アルミニウム焼結体から剥離してしまう恐れがある。
【0013】
また、焼結体の寸法バラツキは、焼結体収縮率の最大値と最小値の差のことであり、焼結体の任意4方向の焼結体収縮率より求めることができる。焼結体の寸法バラツキが0.045%よりも大きいと、絶縁特性が低下する。
【0014】
曲げ強度(室温強度)はJIS R 1601に準拠して測定される。曲げ強度が500MPa未満であると、加えられる応力により窒化アルミニウム焼結体が著しく反ったり、破損する恐れがある。
【0015】
本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体は、構造部材、放熱基板、回路基板のセラミックス基板等として使用される。とくに、電気自動車用途等のモジュールのセラミックス基板として好適である。
【0016】
つぎに、本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体の製造方法について説明する。この発明は、本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体の製造に適用できるものである。
【0017】
本発明の製造方法は、原料調製、成形、脱脂、焼結の各工程を経るものであるが、大きな特徴は原料調整と成形工程にあり、脱脂、焼結工程は従来と同様でよい。本発明においては、粒強度0.6MPa以上でかつ平均粒径20〜30μmの窒化アルミニウム顆粒(顆粒A)と、粒強度0.5MPa以下でかつ平均粒径70〜90μmの窒化アルミニウム顆粒(顆粒B)を乾式混合した後プレス成形を行い、相対密度が65%以上、特に好ましくは68%以上で焼結後の収縮率が13%以下である窒化アルミニウムプレス体を成形し、それを脱脂、焼結する。これによって、上記本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造することができる。
【0018】
窒化アルミニウムプレス体の相対密度が65%未満であると、焼結後の収縮率が13%をこえてしまう。また、焼結後の収縮率が13%をこえる窒化アルミニウムプレス体では、寸法バラツキが0.045%をこえてしまう。
【0019】
ここで、窒化アルミニウムプレス体の相対密度は、窒化アルミニウムプレス体中の窒化アルミニウム粉末質量をプレス体の外形より求めた体積で除し、更にこの値を、助剤成分を加味した窒化アルミニウム焼結体の理論密度で除して求めることができる。なお、窒化アルミニウム粉末と助剤成分の質量は、原料調整時の使用量から求めることがでる。
【0020】
本発明において、顆粒A、顆粒Bを用いた理由は、顆粒の破壊時期に差を与えることによって、流動性を確保し、空隙を減少させて窒化アルミニウムプレス体の密度を向上させるためである。
【0021】
顆粒Aの平均粒径が20μm未満であると、微小な顆粒が多くなり、顆粒の流動性が低下して均質な窒化アルミニウムプレス体の成形が困難となる。また、顆粒Aの平均粒径が30μmをこえると、緻密な窒化アルミニウムプレス体が得られなくなると共に、焼結性が悪くなる。また、顆粒Bの平均粒径が70μm未満であると、顆粒Aと顆粒Bを併用する効果が小さくなり、緻密な窒化アルミニウムプレス体が得られなくなる。90μmをこえると、窒化アルミニウムプレス体が不均一となり、焼結性も悪くなる。
【0022】
本発明においては、顆粒B中の窒化アルミニウム粉末の一次粒子径の平均が、顆粒A中の窒化アルミニウム粉末の一次粒子径の平均の1.5〜10倍であることが好ましい。これによって、顆粒Bに続いて顆粒Aの多くを破壊させ、さらに一次粒子の粒配の効果も得ることができるので、窒化アルミニウムプレス体中の空隙を著しく減少させることができる。同様な理由によって、顆粒A100質量部に対する顆粒Bの割合を200〜500質量部とすることが更に好ましい。
【0023】
本発明における顆粒の平均粒径は、走査型電子顕微鏡にて100倍の倍率で観測された顆粒をコンピューターによる画像解析システムを行い、任意100個の個々の顆粒の円相当径の平均値として求められる。
【0024】
また、本発明において、顆粒Aの粒強度を0.6MPa以上、顆粒Bの粒強度を0.5MPa以下とする理由は、プレス成形時に顆粒Aと顆粒Bとの破壊時期に顕著な差をもたせるためである。すなわち、顆粒Aと顆粒Bとに平均粒径の差をもたせただけでは、破壊時期を顕著に違えることができないので、窒化アルミニウムプレス体には多くの空隙が残る。しかし、それぞれの顆粒の粒強度に差をもたせ、まず大部分の顆粒Bを破壊させた後に、大部分の顆粒Aが破壊するようにしてやると、顆粒Bの破壊によって生じた空隙中に顆粒Aの破壊粉が入り込み、窒化アルミニウムプレス体の空隙を激減させることができる。
【0025】
顆粒Aの粒強度が0.6MPa未満であると、顆粒Aと顆粒Bの破壊時期に顕著な差を持たせることが困難となる。顆粒Aの粒強度が0.8MPaをこえると、窒化アルミニウムプレス体の空隙が多くなる傾向となるので、顆粒Aの粒強度は0.60〜0.70MPaであることが特に好ましい。
【0026】
一方、顆粒Bの粒強度が0.5MPaをこえると、顆粒Aと顆粒Bの破壊時期に顕著な差を持たせることが困難となる。顆粒Bの粒強度が0.2MPaよりもさいと、輸送等の取り扱い時に窒化アルミニウム顆粒が破壊したり、プレス成形時に早期に破壊され、顆粒同士の移動による細密充填化が妨げられる傾向となるので、顆粒Bの粒強度は0.30〜0.40MPaであることが特に好ましい。
【0027】
本発明において、粒強度は、直径30mmの円筒状の金型に顆粒10gを入れ、オートグラフのクロスヘッド速度を0.5mm/minとして顆粒に荷重を加えていくと、クロスヘッドの変位−荷重曲線に変曲点が現れるので、この変曲点における荷重として定義される。
【0028】
本発明で使用される顆粒A、顆粒Bは、以下に説明するように、直接窒化法、アルミナ還元法等公知の方法で製造された窒化アルニミウム粉末を用い、これに焼結助剤、有機結合剤、媒体が混合されて、泥しょうと呼ばれる粘性のあるスラリーを調製した後、それを乾燥造粒することによって製造することができる。
【0029】
窒化アルミニウム粉末は、その加水分解の防止と泥しょう調製時の分散性向上等のため、表面活性剤、例えばジグリセリンモノオレート、ジグリセリンモノステアレート、テトラグリセリンモノオレート、カルボキシル化トリオキシエチレントリデシルエーテル等の一種又は二種以上で処理されていることが好ましい。この表面処理剤は、窒化アルミニウム粉末の泥しょう調製時に添加することもできる。表面活性剤は、通常、窒化アルミニウム粉末100質量部に対して0.01〜10質量部、好ましくは0.02〜5.0質量部使用される。表面活性剤が0.01質量部よりも少ないと、上記効果発現が不十分であり、10質量部よりも多いと、窒化アルミニウムプレス体の強度が低下する恐れがある。
【0030】
焼結助剤としては、Y、La、Ce、Ho、Yb、Gd,Nb、Sm、Dy等の希土類元素、Mg、Ca、Sr等のアルカリ土類元素などの酸化物、フッ化物等の一種又は二種以上が使用される。焼結助剤の使用量は、通常、窒化アルミニウム粉末100質量部に対して1〜20質量部である。
【0031】
有機結合剤としては、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリビニルブチラール、ニトロセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、メチルセルロース等の一種又は二種以上が使用される。有機結合剤の使用量は、窒化アルミニウム粉末100質量部に対して0.2〜20質量部であることが好ましい。0.2質量部未満では、窒化アルミニウムプレス体が強度不足となり、20質量部をこえると、脱脂するのに手間取り、また有機結合剤が必要以上に残存した状態で焼結されて、本発明の窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造することが困難となる。
【0032】
また、媒体としては、水、有機媒体、又はその両方が用いられるが、エタノール、ブタノール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、トリクロロエチレン等の有機媒体が好ましい。媒体の使用量は、通常、窒化アルミニウム粉末100質量部に対して30〜200質量部である。
【0033】
ついで、泥しょうは、スプレードライヤー法、転動造粒法等の公知の造粒法によって乾燥造粒され、顆粒A、顆粒Bが製造される。顆粒の平均粒径は、造粒装置の操業条件、例えば、スプレードライヤー法のアトマイザーの回転数、転動造粒法の回転刃の回転数等によって、調整することができる。また、粒強度は、有機結合体の添加量等によって調整することができる。
【0034】
その後、顆粒A100質量部に対し顆粒Bを好ましくは200〜500質量部混合し、プレス成形を行う。プレス成形は、乾式プレス成形法、冷間等方圧プレス成形法(CIP法)等を独又は組み合わせて行われる。
【0035】
従来、窒化アルミニウム粉末を100MPa以上の高いプレス圧を付与すると、窒化アルミニウムプレス体に応力が発生し、密度が不均一となることが一般的であったが、本発明のような顆粒Aと顆粒Bを用いることによって、100MPa以下の低いプレス成型によっても、相対密度65%以上、好ましくは相対密度65%以上で焼結後の収縮率が13%以下となる窒化アルミニウムプレス体を製造することができる。好適なプレス圧は、50〜130MPa、特に60〜120MPaである。
【0036】
窒化アルミニウムプレス体は、次いで窒素ガスや空気等の気流中、350〜700℃で1〜10時間熱処理を行って有機結合剤を除去(脱脂)した後、窒化硼素製、黒鉛製又は窒化アルミニウム製等の容器に収納し、窒素、アルゴン、アンモニア、水素等の非酸化性ガスの雰囲気中、1450〜1700℃で焼結される。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下、実施例と比較例をあげて、さらに具体的に本発明を説明する。
【0038】
実施例1
窒化アルミニウム粉末(一次粒子径の平均0.7μm、酸素含有量0.8%、炭素含有量250ppm)100質量部に対し、酸化イットリウム(試薬品、平均粒径0.7μm)を5質量部、有機結合剤(ポリエチルメタクリレート系)5質量部、表面活性剤(ジグリセリンモノオレート系)1質量部、有機媒体(アセトン)100質量部を加え、ボールミルで3時間混合し、泥しょうを調製した。この泥しょうをスプレードライヤーで乾燥造粒して顆粒Aを製造した。その粒強度と平均粒径を表1に示す。
【0039】
また、有機系結合剤の配合量を3質量部とし、スプレードライヤーのアトマイザーの回転数を変更したこと以外は、上記方法と同様にして顆粒Bを製造した。その粒強度と平均粒径を表1に示す。
【0040】
顆粒Aと顆粒Bを質量比で1:3の割合で混合し、90MPaの圧力で一軸乾式プレス成形を行い、50×50×5mmの窒化アルミニウムプレス体を作製した。これを窒化硼素製の容器に収納し、窒素ガス中で600℃×2時間加熱して脱脂した後、窒素ガス雰囲気中で1780℃×3時間加熱して常圧焼結を行い、窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造した。窒化アルミニウムプレス体の相対密度と焼結後の収縮率、及び窒化アルミニウム焼結体の相対密度、反り量、寸法バラツキ、曲げ強度を測定した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
【0041】
実施例2〜6 比較例1〜8
実施例1において、有機結合剤の添加量およびスプレードライヤーのアトマイザーの回転数を種々変更して、粒強度と平均粒径の異なる種々の顆粒Aと顆粒Bを製造した後、実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造した。
【0042】
実施例7〜9
顆粒(B)中の一次粒子径の平均が、顆粒(A)中の一次粒子径の平均の1.5〜10倍としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造した。
【0043】
【表1】
【0044】
表1の実施例と比較例の対比から、本発明の実施例の方法によって、相対密度99%以上、反り0.5μm/mm以下、焼結体の寸法バラツキ0.045%以下、曲げ強度500MPa以上である窒化アルミニウム焼結体を製造することができた。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、相対密度99%以上、反り0.5μm/mm以下、焼結体の寸法バラツキ0.045%以下、曲げ強度500MPa以上の窒化アルミニウム焼結体およびその製造方法が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aluminum nitride sintered body suitable for a high heat dissipation substrate or the like having a high density and a high bending strength, and having a small warp and dimensional variation, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is a module in which a metal circuit such as copper is formed on one surface of a substrate made of an aluminum nitride sintered body, a metal heat sink such as copper is formed on the opposite surface, and a semiconductor element is soldered to the metal circuit surface. in use. In such a module, the aluminum nitride sintered body plays an important role as an insulating and heat radiating member. In order to enhance the insulation characteristics, the voids in the aluminum nitride sintered body must be reduced to increase the density, and the creeping distance between the metal circuit and the aluminum nitride sintered body must be a certain level or more. It is important to make the dimensional variation of the aluminum sintered body as small as possible. Further, since various large stresses are applied to the aluminum nitride sintered body in the module, it is required to have a higher strength than before and durability that does not significantly warp by the stress. If the aluminum nitride sintered body is significantly warped, the metal circuit / metal heat sink is peeled off from the aluminum nitride sintered body.
[0003]
Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for setting the warp of an aluminum nitride sintered body to 0.5 μm / mm or less, Patent Document 2 describes a method for setting a relative density to 99% or more, and Patent discloses a method for setting a bending strength to 500 MPa or more. It is described in Document 3. However, in the method of Patent Document 1, the organic matter occupation ratio in the voids in the aluminum nitride press body must be strictly controlled, and the dimensional variation after sintering does not become 0.045% or less. In the method according to Patent Document 2, the dimensional variation reaches only 0.05% at the minimum. Furthermore, in the method according to Patent Document 3, the dimensional variation does not become 0.045% or less due to the reheating treatment of the aluminum nitride sintered body.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-25170 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-2879 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-239069
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is an aluminum nitride sintered body having a relative density of 99% or more, a warp of 0.5 μm / mm or less, a dimensional variation of the sintered body of 0.045% or less, and a bending strength of 500 MPa or more, and a method for producing the same. Is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to aluminum nitride granules (granule A) having a grain strength of 0.6 MPa or more and an average particle size of 20 to 30 μm, and aluminum nitride granules having a grain strength of 0.5 MPa or less and an average particle size of 70 to 90 μm. (granules B) were mixed, and subjected to press forming, after forming a relative density of 65% or more of aluminum nitride pressed body, a method of manufacturing the aluminum nitride sintered body, characterized in sintering to Rukoto. Further, in the present invention, the average primary particle diameter of the aluminum nitride powder in the granule B is 1.5 to 10 times the average primary particle diameter of the aluminum nitride powder in the granule A, and the granule with respect to 100 parts by mass of the granule A the proportion of B is a manufacturing method of an aluminum nitride sintered body according to claim 200 to 500 parts by mass der Rukoto. Furthermore, the present invention is an aluminum nitride sintered body obtained by the above production method, characterized by having a relative density of 99% or more, a warp of 0.5 μm / mm or less, and a bending strength of 500 MPa or more .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0008]
The aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention is composed of aluminum nitride particles and a grain boundary phase filling between the particles, and the size of the aluminum nitride particles is preferably 0.5 to 40 μm. The constituent ratio of the grain boundary phase in the aluminum nitride sintered body is preferably 1 to 20% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter). The composition ratio of the grain boundary phase was determined by dissolving aluminum nitride particles according to the alkali dissolution method (Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 37, No. 12, pp. 1133-1137 (1996)) and drying at 105 ° C. for 2 hours. It can be determined from the mass.
[0009]
The grain boundary phase of the aluminum nitride sintered body includes oxides such as oxides such as rare earth elements such as Y, La, Ce, Ho, Yb, Gd, Nb, Sm, and Dy, and alkaline earth elements such as Mg, Ca, and Sr. It is comprised by the chemical substance etc. Among these, rare earth element oxides are preferable.
[0010]
The aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention has a sintered density of 99% or more, a warp of 0.5 μm / mm or less, a dimensional variation of the sintered body of 0.045% or less, and a bending strength of 500 MPa or more. Among these characteristics, aluminum nitride sintered bodies that satisfy one or two of the characteristics at the same time are known, but those that satisfy all of them, particularly those that have dimensional variations of the sintered body defined by the present invention. I can't find it. Such an aluminum nitride sintered body can be obtained by the method for producing an aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention described later.
[0011]
In the present invention, the sintered density is obtained by obtaining the sintered body density by the Archimedes method and dividing by the theoretical density of the aluminum nitride sintered body with the auxiliary component added. The theoretical density of the aluminum nitride sintered body is determined by determining the abundance ratio between the aluminum nitride particles and the auxiliary component by the alkali dissolution method described in Paragraph 0008, identifying the constituent elements of the auxiliary component, and then determining the theoretical density of each. Can be requested. If the sintered density is less than 99%, the insulating properties and the bending strength are lowered.
[0012]
The warpage of the sintered body is defined as the maximum value when measuring the warp in the longest direction of the sintered body (for example, the diagonal direction if it is a rectangle, the long axis direction if it is an ellipse), in total, at two locations. Is done. If the warp of the sintered body is greater than 0.5 μm / mm or less, the metal circuit / metal heat sink may be peeled off from the aluminum nitride sintered body.
[0013]
The dimensional variation of the sintered body is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the sintered body shrinkage rate, and can be obtained from the sintered body shrinkage rate in any four directions of the sintered body. When the dimensional variation of the sintered body is larger than 0.045%, the insulating characteristics are deteriorated.
[0014]
The bending strength (room temperature strength) is measured according to JIS R 1601. If the bending strength is less than 500 MPa, the aluminum nitride sintered body may be significantly warped or damaged by the applied stress.
[0015]
The aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention is used as a structural member, a heat dissipation substrate, a ceramic substrate for a circuit board, and the like. In particular, it is suitable as a ceramic substrate for modules for electric vehicles.
[0016]
Below, the manufacturing method of the aluminum nitride sintered compact of this invention is demonstrated. The present invention can be applied to the production of the aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention.
[0017]
The production method of the present invention is performed through raw material preparation, molding, degreasing, and sintering steps, but the main features are the raw material adjustment and the molding step, and the degreasing and sintering steps may be the same as in the past. In the present invention, aluminum nitride granules (granule A) having a grain strength of 0.6 MPa or more and an average particle size of 20 to 30 μm, and aluminum nitride granules (granule B) having a grain strength of 0.5 MPa or less and an average particle size of 70 to 90 μm. ) Is dry-mixed and then press-molded to form an aluminum nitride press body having a relative density of 65% or more, particularly preferably 68% or more and a shrinkage ratio after sintering of 13% or less. Conclude. As a result, the aluminum nitride sintered body of the present invention can be manufactured.
[0018]
If the relative density of the aluminum nitride pressed body is less than 65%, the shrinkage after sintering exceeds 13%. Moreover, in the aluminum nitride press body in which the shrinkage ratio after sintering exceeds 13%, the dimensional variation exceeds 0.045%.
[0019]
Here, the relative density of the aluminum nitride press body is obtained by dividing the aluminum nitride powder mass in the aluminum nitride press body by the volume obtained from the outer shape of the press body, and further adding this value to the aluminum nitride sintered body with the auxiliary component added. It can be obtained by dividing by the theoretical density of the body. In addition, the mass of the aluminum nitride powder and the auxiliary component can be obtained from the amount used at the time of raw material adjustment.
[0020]
In the present invention, the reason why the granule A and the granule B are used is that, by giving a difference in granule breaking time, fluidity is secured, voids are reduced, and the density of the aluminum nitride press body is improved.
[0021]
If the average particle size of the granules A is less than 20 μm, the number of fine granules increases, and the fluidity of the granules decreases, making it difficult to form a homogeneous aluminum nitride press. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the granules A exceeds 30 μm, a dense aluminum nitride press cannot be obtained, and the sinterability deteriorates. Further, when the average particle size of the granules B is less than 70 μm, the effect of using the granules A and the granules B together becomes small, and a dense aluminum nitride press cannot be obtained. When it exceeds 90 μm, the aluminum nitride press becomes non-uniform and the sinterability also deteriorates.
[0022]
In the present invention, the average primary particle diameter of the aluminum nitride powder in the granule B is preferably 1.5 to 10 times the average primary particle diameter of the aluminum nitride powder in the granule A. As a result, most of the granule A following the granule B can be destroyed, and further the effect of primary particle distribution can be obtained, so that the voids in the aluminum nitride pressed body can be remarkably reduced. For the same reason, the ratio of the granule B to 100 parts by mass of the granule A is more preferably 200 to 500 parts by mass.
[0023]
The average particle diameter of the granules in the present invention is obtained as an average value of the equivalent circle diameters of arbitrary 100 individual granules by performing an image analysis system using a computer on the granules observed at a magnification of 100 times with a scanning electron microscope. It is done.
[0024]
Further, in the present invention, the reason why the granule A has a grain strength of 0.6 MPa or more and the granule B has a grain strength of 0.5 MPa or less has a significant difference in the fracture time between the granule A and the granule B during press molding. Because. That is, only by giving a difference in average particle diameter between the granule A and the granule B, the breakage time cannot be remarkably changed, so that many voids remain in the aluminum nitride press body. However, if there is a difference in the particle strength of each granule, and most of the granule B is first destroyed, then most of the granule A is destroyed, the granule A is contained in the voids created by the destruction of the granule B. The breakage powder enters and the voids of the aluminum nitride press body can be drastically reduced.
[0025]
When the particle strength of the granules A is less than 0.6 MPa, it becomes difficult to give a remarkable difference in the breaking time of the granules A and the granules B. When the particle strength of the granule A exceeds 0.8 MPa, the voids of the aluminum nitride press body tend to increase. Therefore, the particle strength of the granule A is particularly preferably 0.60 to 0.70 MPa.
[0026]
On the other hand, when the particle strength of the granule B exceeds 0.5 MPa, it becomes difficult to give a remarkable difference in the breaking time of the granule A and the granule B. If the particle strength of the granule B is less than 0.2 MPa, the aluminum nitride granule may be destroyed during handling such as transportation, or it may be destroyed at an early stage during press molding, which tends to prevent fine packing due to movement of the granules. The grain strength of the granule B is particularly preferably 0.30 to 0.40 MPa.
[0027]
In the present invention, the grain strength is determined by adding 10 g of granules to a cylindrical mold having a diameter of 30 mm, and applying a load to the granules at an autograph crosshead speed of 0.5 mm / min. Since an inflection point appears on the curve, it is defined as a load at this inflection point.
[0028]
As described below, the granules A and B used in the present invention use an aluminum nitride powder produced by a known method such as a direct nitridation method or an alumina reduction method. After the agent and the medium are mixed to prepare a viscous slurry called mud, it can be produced by dry granulation.
[0029]
Aluminum nitride powder is used for surface active agents such as diglycerin monooleate, diglycerin monostearate, tetraglycerin monooleate, carboxylated trioxyethylene trioxide in order to prevent hydrolysis and improve dispersibility during slurry preparation. It is preferable that it is processed with 1 type, or 2 or more types, such as decyl ether. This surface treatment agent can also be added at the time of preparing the aluminum nitride powder slurry. The surfactant is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.02 to 5.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the aluminum nitride powder. When the amount of the surfactant is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the above effect is insufficient. When the amount of the surfactant is more than 10 parts by mass, the strength of the aluminum nitride press may be lowered.
[0030]
Sintering aids include rare earth elements such as Y, La, Ce, Ho, Yb, Gd, Nb, Sm, and Dy, oxides such as alkaline earth elements such as Mg, Ca, and Sr, and a kind of fluoride Or 2 or more types are used. The usage-amount of a sintering auxiliary agent is 1-20 mass parts normally with respect to 100 mass parts of aluminum nitride powder.
[0031]
As the organic binder, one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose and the like are used. The amount of the organic binder used is preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aluminum nitride powder. If the amount is less than 0.2 parts by mass, the strength of the aluminum nitride pressed body becomes insufficient. If the amount exceeds 20 parts by mass, it takes time to degrease, and the organic binder is sintered in an unnecessarily remaining state. It becomes difficult to produce an aluminum nitride sintered body.
[0032]
As the medium, water, an organic medium, or both are used, and an organic medium such as ethanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, or trichloroethylene is preferable. The usage-amount of a medium is 30-200 mass parts normally with respect to 100 mass parts of aluminum nitride powder.
[0033]
Next, the slurry is dried and granulated by a known granulation method such as a spray dryer method or a tumbling granulation method to produce granules A and granules B. The average particle size of the granule can be adjusted by operating conditions of the granulator, for example, the rotational speed of the atomizer of the spray dryer method, the rotational speed of the rotary blade of the rolling granulation method, and the like. The grain strength can be adjusted by the amount of organic binder added.
[0034]
Then, preferably 200 to 500 parts by mass of granule B is mixed with 100 parts by mass of granule A, and press molding is performed. The press molding is performed by a dry press molding method, a cold isostatic press molding method (CIP method) or the like alone or in combination.
[0035]
Conventionally, when an aluminum nitride powder is applied with a high pressing pressure of 100 MPa or more, stress is generated in the aluminum nitride pressed body and the density is generally non-uniform. By using B, it is possible to produce an aluminum nitride press body having a relative density of 65% or more, preferably a relative density of 65% or more and a shrinkage ratio after sintering of 13% or less even by a low press molding of 100 MPa or less. it can. A suitable pressing pressure is 50 to 130 MPa, particularly 60 to 120 MPa.
[0036]
The aluminum nitride press is then heat treated at 350 to 700 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air stream such as nitrogen gas or air to remove (degrease) the organic binder, and then made of boron nitride, graphite or aluminum nitride And is sintered at 1450 to 1700 ° C. in an atmosphere of a non-oxidizing gas such as nitrogen, argon, ammonia, or hydrogen.
[0037]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
[0038]
Example 1
5 parts by mass of yttrium oxide (reagent product, average particle size 0.7 μm) with respect to 100 parts by mass of aluminum nitride powder (average primary particle size 0.7 μm, oxygen content 0.8%, carbon content 250 ppm), An organic binder (polyethyl methacrylate type) 5 parts by mass, a surfactant (diglycerin monooleate type) 1 part by mass and an organic medium (acetone) 100 parts by mass were added and mixed for 3 hours in a ball mill to prepare mud. . This mud was dried and granulated with a spray dryer to produce granules A. The grain strength and average particle diameter are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Moreover, the granule B was manufactured like the said method except having set the compounding quantity of the organic binder as 3 mass parts, and having changed the rotation speed of the atomizer of the spray dryer. The grain strength and average particle diameter are shown in Table 1.
[0040]
Granule A and granule B were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 3, and uniaxial dry press molding was performed at a pressure of 90 MPa to produce a 50 × 50 × 5 mm aluminum nitride press. This is housed in a boron nitride container, heated in nitrogen gas at 600 ° C. for 2 hours for degreasing, and then heated in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1780 ° C. for 3 hours to perform atmospheric pressure sintering. A ligation was produced. The relative density of the aluminum nitride pressed body and the shrinkage ratio after sintering, and the relative density, warpage amount, dimensional variation, and bending strength of the aluminum nitride sintered body were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
Examples 2-6 Comparative Examples 1-8
In Example 1, after changing the addition amount of the organic binder and the rotational speed of the atomizer of the spray dryer to produce various granules A and granules B having different grain strengths and average particle diameters, the same as in Example 1 Thus, an aluminum nitride sintered body was produced.
[0042]
Examples 7-9
An aluminum nitride sintered body was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the average primary particle size in the granules (B) was 1.5 to 10 times the average primary particle size in the granules (A). Manufactured.
[0043]
[Table 1]
[0044]
From the comparison of the examples and comparative examples in Table 1, the relative density of 99% or more, the warp of 0.5 μm / mm or less, the dimensional variation of the sintered body of 0.045% or less, and the bending strength of 500 MPa by the method of the example of the present invention. The above-described aluminum nitride sintered body could be manufactured.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an aluminum nitride sintered body having a relative density of 99% or more, a warp of 0.5 μm / mm or less, a dimensional variation of the sintered body of 0.045% or less, and a bending strength of 500 MPa or more and a method for producing the same are provided. .
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