JP3976126B2 - Rare-earth permanent magnet having a corrosion-resistant coating on its surface and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Rare-earth permanent magnet having a corrosion-resistant coating on its surface and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3976126B2 JP3976126B2 JP2002013248A JP2002013248A JP3976126B2 JP 3976126 B2 JP3976126 B2 JP 3976126B2 JP 2002013248 A JP2002013248 A JP 2002013248A JP 2002013248 A JP2002013248 A JP 2002013248A JP 3976126 B2 JP3976126 B2 JP 3976126B2
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- permanent magnet
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-t-Butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 47
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(N)CO JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(N)CO BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQVKTHRQIXSMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ZQVKTHRQIXSMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFKUBRAOUZEZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 JFKUBRAOUZEZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPEPWESLFZVUEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 CPEPWESLFZVUEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNKKGQJYAHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 CWYNKKGQJYAHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATZHGRNFEFVDDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ATZHGRNFEFVDDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000722 Didymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000224487 Didymium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GCKMFJBGXUYNAG-HLXURNFRSA-N Methyltestosterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 GCKMFJBGXUYNAG-HLXURNFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CKMXAIVXVKGGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cumic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 CKMXAIVXVKGGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940085503 testred Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮し、環境や人体に対する影響が少ない被膜を表面に有する希土類系永久磁石、および優れたコストメリットのもとに高い寸法精度で成膜することができるその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
Nd−Fe−B系永久磁石に代表されるR−Fe−B系永久磁石やSm−Fe−N系永久磁石に代表されるR−Fe−N系永久磁石などの希土類系永久磁石は、資源的に豊富で安価な材料が用いられ、かつ、高い磁気特性を有していることから、特にR−Fe−B系永久磁石は今日様々な分野で使用されている。
しかしながら、希土類系永久磁石は反応性の高い希土類金属:Rを含むため、大気中で酸化腐食されやすく、何の表面処理をも行わずに使用した場合には、わずかな酸やアルカリや水分などの存在によって表面から腐食が進行して錆が発生し、それに伴って、磁石特性の劣化やばらつきを招く。さらに、錆が発生した磁石を磁気回路などの装置に組み込んだ場合、錆が飛散して周辺部品を汚染する恐れがある。
上記の点に鑑み、希土類系永久磁石表面に各種の耐食性被膜を形成する方法、例えば、樹脂塗装で樹脂被膜を形成する方法、湿式めっきや気相めっきで金属めっき被膜を形成する方法、リン酸塩被膜やクロム酸塩被膜などの化成被膜を形成する方法などが提案され、既に実用に供されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、希土類系永久磁石が使用される電子業界や家電業界では、部品の小型化やコストダウンが進んでいる。従って磁石自体もこれに対応した小型化やコストダウンが要求されている。この要求を満たすためには、磁石の表面処理方法は、薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮する被膜を高い寸法精度で成膜できるものであること、それにより磁石の有効体積向上を図ることができるものであること、さらに低コストなものであることが必要である。また、今日、環境や人体に対する配慮が不可欠であり、この観点からは、処理液や被膜自体の環境や人体に対する影響を考慮することが必要である。
しかしながら、前述の既に提案されているような方法では以上のような時代の流れに対応することは困難であると言わざるを得ない。樹脂被膜を形成する方法や金属めっき被膜を形成する方法には、高い寸法精度での薄膜形成を行うことが容易ではなく、また、複雑な工程を要するためにコストが高いといった問題がある。さらに、湿式めっきで金属めっき被膜を形成する方法には、めっき液が磁石腐食の原因となるといった問題があり、気相めっきで金属めっき被膜を形成する方法には、磁石の形状が複雑な場合などではその表面への金属めっき被膜の付き廻り性が悪くなるといった問題がある。リン酸塩被膜やクロム酸塩被膜などの化成被膜を形成する方法では、薄膜で優れた耐食性を発揮させることが困難である。さらに、クロム酸塩被膜は被膜自体の環境や人体に対する影響が懸念される。
そこで本発明は、薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮し、環境や人体に対する影響が少ない被膜を表面に有する希土類系永久磁石、および優れたコストメリットのもとに高い寸法精度で成膜することができるその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記の点に鑑みて種々の検討を行った結果、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸とアミノアルコールを含有する処理液を希土類系永久磁石表面に塗布して乾燥させることで、薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮する被膜を高い寸法精度で成膜することができることを知見した。
【0005】
本発明は上記の知見に基づいてなされたものであり、本発明の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項1記載の通り、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸とアミノアルコールを構成成分とする被膜を磁石単位表面積あたり0.7g/m 2 〜3g/m 2 付着させることで得られる耐食性被膜を表面に有することを特徴とする。
また、請求項2記載の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項1記載の希土類系永久磁石において、前記芳香族カルボン酸がカルボニル基に対してアルキル基をパラ位に有するものであることを特徴とする。
また、請求項3記載の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項1または2記載の希土類系永久磁石において、前記アルキル基の炭素数が1〜6であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項4記載の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の希土類系永久磁石において、前記芳香族カルボン酸がp−tert−ブチル安息香酸であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項5記載の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の希土類系永久磁石において、前記希土類系永久磁石がR−Fe−B系永久磁石であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項6記載の希土類系永久磁石は、請求項5記載の希土類系永久磁石において、前記R−Fe−B系永久磁石がNd−Fe−B系永久磁石であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の耐食性被膜を表面に有する希土類系永久磁石の製造方法は、請求項7記載の通り、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸および/またはその塩とアミノアルコールを含有する処理液を調製した後、この処理液を磁石表面に塗布して乾燥させることで得られる被膜を磁石単位表面積あたり0.7g/m 2 〜3g/m 2 付着させる工程からなることを特徴とする。
また、請求項8記載の製造方法は、請求項7記載の製造方法において、前記処理液のpHが9〜14であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項9記載の製造方法は、請求項7または8記載の製造方法において、前記処理液がさらにホウ酸を含有することを特徴とする。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の希土類系永久磁石は、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸とアミノアルコールを構成成分とする被膜を磁石単位表面積あたり0.7g/m 2 〜3g/m 2 付着させることで得られる耐食性被膜を表面に有することを特徴とするものである。アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸とアミノアルコールがどのような結合形態をとって被膜を構成しているのかは必ずしも明確ではないが、両者を構成成分とする被膜は薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮する。
【0007】
本発明における耐食性被膜は、例えば、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸および/またはその塩とアミノアルコールを含有する処理液を調製した後、この処理液を磁石表面に塗布して乾燥させることで得られる被膜を磁石単位表面積あたり0.7g/m 2 〜3g/m 2 付着させる工程により形成される。
【0008】
耐食性被膜の原料となるアルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸としては、カルボニル基に対してアルキル基をパラ位に有するものが好適に使用される。置換基としてのアルキル基は形成された被膜表面における撥水性に寄与するようであり、その効果はアルキル基がカルボニル基に対してパラ位に位置する場合においてとりわけ発揮されるようである。アルキル基の炭素数に特段の制限はないが、原料としての調達容易性やアミノアルコールとの反応性を考慮すると、炭素数が1〜6のものが望ましい。このような芳香族カルボン酸の具体例としては、p−メチル安息香酸、p−エチル安息香酸、p−プロピル安息香酸、p−イソプロピル安息香酸、p−ブチル安息香酸、p−sec−ブチル安息香酸、p−tert−ブチル安息香酸、p−ペンチル安息香酸、p−ヘキシル安息香酸などが挙げられる。また、これらの塩としては、ナトリウム塩やカリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩などが挙げられる。
【0009】
耐食性被膜の原料となるアミノアルコールとしては、炭素数が2〜6のものが好適に使用される。アミノアルコールはそのアミノ基で磁石表面と結合する一方、その水酸基でアルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸のカルボニル基とエステル結合し、磁石表面に強固な結合性を有する被膜の形成に寄与するようである。アミノアルコールの具体例としては、2−アミノエタノール、2−アミノプロパノール、2−アミノブタノールなどが挙げられる。
【0010】
耐食性被膜を形成するための処理液は、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸および/またはその塩とアミノアルコールを水に溶解することにより調製される。処理液中の各原料の濃度は、優れた成膜性を確保するとともに良好な作業性を確保する観点からはいずれも1g/L〜100g/Lとすることが望ましく、30g/L〜90g/Lとすることがより望ましい。処理液のpHは処理液による磁石腐食を抑制する観点から9〜14に調整することが望ましく、10〜12に調整することがより望ましい。通常、アルキル基をベンゼン環に置換基として有する芳香族カルボン酸および/またはその塩とアミノアルコールを水に溶解すること自体で処理液のpHは9〜14になるが、必要ならば水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリを使用してpHを調整してもよい。
【0011】
処理液にはホウ酸を含有させてもよい。ホウ酸を含有させることにより、処理液中における各原料の混ざり具合がよくなり、より均質な耐食性被膜を形成することが可能となる。処理液中のホウ酸の濃度は1g/L〜100g/Lとすることが望ましい。
【0012】
以上のようにして調製された処理液を磁石表面に塗布して乾燥させる。この工程は、例えば、この処理液を磁石表面にスプレー塗装したり、処理液中に磁石を浸漬して浸漬塗装したりした後、80℃〜120℃の温度条件下で10分間〜1時間加熱することにより行えばよい。
【0013】
本発明における耐食性被膜は、磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量が0.7g/m 2 〜3g/m2となるように形成する。望ましくは0.7g/m2〜1.3g/m2となるように形成する。0.7g/m 2 よりも少ないと耐食性被膜としての性能を十分に発揮できない恐れがある一方、3g/m2よりも多いと磁石表面全体に対する均一付着性の確保が困難になり、被膜表面に形成ムラなどを発生させてしまう恐れがあるからである。
【0014】
本発明に適用される希土類系永久磁石としては、例えば、R−Fe−B系永久磁石やR−Fe−N系永久磁石などの公知の希土類系永久磁石が挙げられる。中でもR−Fe−B系永久磁石、とりわけNd−Fe−B系永久磁石は、前述のように、磁気特性が高く、量産性や経済性に優れている上に、被膜との優れた密着性を有する点において望ましいものである。これらの希土類系永久磁石における希土類元素(R)は、Nd、Pr、Dy、Ho、Tb、Smのうち少なくとも1種、あるいはさらに、La、Ce、Gd、Er、Eu、Tm、Yb、Lu、Yのうち少なくとも1種を含むものが望ましい。
また、通常はRのうち1種をもって足りるが、実用上は2種以上の混合物(ミッシュメタルやジジムなど)を入手上の便宜などの理由によって使用することもできる。
さらに、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Bi、Nb、Ta、Mo、W、Sb、Ge、Sn、Zr、Ni、Si、Zn、Hf、Gaのうち少なくとも1種を添加することで、保磁力や減磁曲線の角型性の改善、製造性の改善、低価格化を図ることが可能となる。また、Feの一部をCoで置換することによって、得られる磁石の磁気特性を損なうことなしに温度特性を改善することができる。
なお、本発明に適用される希土類系永久磁石は、焼結磁石であってもボンド磁石であってもよい。
【0015】
本発明の耐食性被膜の表面に、更に別の被膜を積層形成してもよい。このような構成を採用することによって、耐食性被膜の特性を増強・補完したり、更なる機能性を付与したりすることができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
本発明を以下の実施例によってさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0017】
例えば、米国特許4770723号公報や米国特許4792368号公報に記載されているようにして、公知の鋳造インゴットを粉砕し、微粉砕後に成形、焼結、熱処理、表面加工を行うことによって得られた17Nd−1Pr−75Fe−7B組成(at%)の縦20mm×横40mm×高さ2mm寸法の平板状焼結磁石(以下、磁石体試験片と称する)の表面に各種の被膜を以下のようにして形成した。なお、形成された被膜の磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量は、下記式で示される重量法により測定した。
【0018】
付着量(g/m2)=(A−B)/C
式中:Aは処理液を塗布して乾燥させた後の磁石体試験片重量(g)
Bは処理液を塗布する前の磁石体試験片重量(g)
Cは磁石体試験片の表面積(m2)
【0019】
実施例1:
p−tert−ブチル安息香酸と2−アミノエタノールを水に溶解し、前者の濃度が60g/Lで後者の濃度が70g/Lの処理液を調製した(pH10.5)。得られた処理液中にショットブラストと溶剤脱脂にて表面を清浄化した磁石体試験片を浸漬して浸漬塗装した後、100℃の温度条件下で5分間熱風乾燥させると、磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量が0.83g/m2の被膜が磁石体試験片表面に形成された。この被膜を表面に有する磁石体試験片に対し、温度80℃×相対湿度90%の高温高湿条件下に50時間存置するという耐食性加速試験を行い、試験後の磁石体試験片表面積における赤錆発生面積の比率を測定したところ、その比率は1%以下であり(n=5の平均値)、過酷条件下においても赤錆発生が極めて少なかった。従って、この被膜は要求される耐食性を十分に満足する耐食性被膜であることがわかった。
【0020】
実施例2〜実施例4、参考例1と参考例2:
p−tert−ブチル安息香酸と2−アミノエタノールとホウ酸を水に溶解し、各々の濃度が60g/L、70g/L、70g/Lの処理液を調製した(pH10.5)。この処理液は実施例1の処理液よりも処理液中における各原料の混ざり具合が良好であった。得られた処理液中にショットブラストと溶剤脱脂にて表面を清浄化した磁石体試験片を浸漬して浸漬塗装するに際し、種々の引き上げ速度で引き上げた後、表1に示した方法で乾燥させて、表1に示した磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量である被膜を磁石体試験片表面に形成した。この被膜を表面に有する磁石体試験片に対し、実施例1と同じ条件で行った耐食性加速試験の結果を表1に示す(n=5の平均値)。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
表1から明らかなように、被膜の付着量が多くなるほど磁石体試験片表面積における赤錆発生面積の比率は少なくなり、耐食性被膜としての機能が高まった。
【0023】
比較例1:
2−アミノエタノールを水に溶解し、その濃度が70g/Lの処理液を調製した(pH12)。得られた処理液中にショットブラストと溶剤脱脂にて表面を清浄化した磁石体試験片を浸漬して浸漬塗装した後、100℃の温度条件下で5分間熱風乾燥させると、磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量が0.01g/m2の被膜が磁石体試験片表面に形成された。この被膜を表面に有する磁石体試験片に対し、実施例1と同じ条件で耐食性加速試験を行ったところ、赤錆発生面積の比率は60%であり(n=5の平均値)、磁石体試験片の大半に赤錆が発生した。
【0024】
比較例2:
安息香酸と2−アミノエタノールとホウ酸を水に溶解し、各々の濃度が60g/L、70g/L、70g/Lの処理液を調製した(pH10.5)。得られた処理液中にショットブラストと溶剤脱脂にて表面を清浄化した磁石体試験片を浸漬して浸漬塗装した後、100℃の温度条件下で5分間熱風乾燥させると、磁石単位表面積あたりの付着量が0.83g/m2の被膜が磁石体試験片表面に形成された。この被膜を表面に有する磁石体試験片に対し、実施例1と同じ条件で耐食性加速試験を行ったところ、赤錆発生面積の比率は5%であり(n=5の平均値)、原料としてp−tert−ブチル安息香酸を使用した被膜と比較して耐食性が劣っていた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、薄膜でも優れた耐食性を発揮し、環境や人体に対する影響が少ない被膜を表面に有する希土類系永久磁石、および優れたコストメリットのもとに高い寸法精度で成膜することができるその製造方法が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even in a thin film, a rare earth permanent magnet having a coating on the surface with little influence on the environment and the human body, and its ability to form a film with high dimensional accuracy based on excellent cost merit It relates to a manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Rare earth permanent magnets such as R—Fe—B permanent magnets represented by Nd—Fe—B permanent magnets and R—Fe—N permanent magnets represented by Sm—Fe—N permanent magnets are In particular, R-Fe-B based permanent magnets are used in various fields today because they use abundant and inexpensive materials and have high magnetic properties.
However, since rare earth permanent magnets contain a highly reactive rare earth metal: R, they are susceptible to oxidative corrosion in the atmosphere. When used without any surface treatment, a slight amount of acid, alkali, moisture, etc. Corrosion proceeds from the surface due to the presence of rust, and rust is generated, resulting in deterioration and variation in magnet characteristics. Furthermore, when a magnet in which rust is generated is incorporated in an apparatus such as a magnetic circuit, the rust may be scattered to contaminate peripheral components.
In view of the above points, a method of forming various corrosion-resistant coatings on the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet, for example, a method of forming a resin coating by resin coating, a method of forming a metal plating coating by wet plating or vapor phase plating, phosphoric acid A method of forming a chemical conversion film such as a salt film or a chromate film has been proposed and is already in practical use.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the electronic industry and the household electrical appliance industry in which rare earth permanent magnets are used, miniaturization of parts and cost reduction are progressing. Therefore, the magnet itself is required to be reduced in size and cost corresponding to this. In order to satisfy this requirement, the surface treatment method of the magnet is capable of forming a film that exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even with a thin film with high dimensional accuracy, thereby improving the effective volume of the magnet. In addition, it is necessary that the cost be low. In addition, consideration for the environment and the human body is indispensable today. From this viewpoint, it is necessary to consider the influence of the treatment liquid and the coating itself on the environment and the human body.
However, it must be said that it is difficult to cope with the above-mentioned trends by the above-described methods already proposed. The method of forming a resin film or the method of forming a metal plating film has a problem that it is not easy to form a thin film with high dimensional accuracy, and the cost is high because a complicated process is required. Furthermore, the method of forming a metal plating film by wet plating has a problem that the plating solution causes corrosion of the magnet, and the method of forming the metal plating film by vapor phase plating has a complicated magnet shape. In such a case, there is a problem in that the metal plating coating on the surface deteriorates. In a method of forming a chemical conversion film such as a phosphate film or a chromate film, it is difficult to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in a thin film. Furthermore, the chromate film is concerned about the influence of the film itself on the environment and the human body.
Therefore, the present invention can be formed with high dimensional accuracy on the basis of a rare earth permanent magnet having a coating film on the surface that exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even with a thin film and has little influence on the environment and the human body. It aims at providing the manufacturing method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies in view of the above points, the present inventor applied a treatment liquid containing an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and an amino alcohol to the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet. It was found that a film that exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even with a thin film can be formed with high dimensional accuracy by drying.
[0005]
The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the rare earth-based permanent magnet of the present invention comprises an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and an amino alcohol as described in claim 1. It characterized by having a corrosion-resistant film obtained by causing coating a 0.7g / m 2 ~3g / m 2 adhered per magnet unit surface area of the component surface.
The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 2 is the rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic carboxylic acid has an alkyl group in the para position with respect to the carbonyl group. .
The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 3 is the rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 4 is the rare earth permanent magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aromatic carboxylic acid is p-tert-butylbenzoic acid. .
The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 5 is the rare earth permanent magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the rare earth permanent magnet is an R-Fe-B permanent magnet. To do.
A rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 6 is the rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 5 , wherein the R-Fe-B permanent magnet is an Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.
The method for producing a rare earth-based permanent magnet having the corrosion-resistant coating film on the surface thereof according to the present invention includes an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and / or a salt thereof and an amino alcohol as described in claim 7. after preparing the treatment solution containing, characterized in that it consists of the treatment solution the step of coating a 0.7 g / m per magnet unit surface area 2 to 3 g / m 2 adhesion obtained by drying the coated surface of the magnet And
The manufacturing method according to claim 8 is characterized in that in the manufacturing method according to claim 7 , the pH of the treatment liquid is 9-14.
The manufacturing method according to claim 9 is the manufacturing method according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the treatment liquid further contains boric acid.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Rare earth metal-based permanent magnet of the present invention, is an alkyl group aromatic coating a 0.7g / m 2 ~3g / m 2 adhered per magnet unit surface area of a carboxylic acid and an amino alcohol component having as a substituent on the benzene ring It has the corrosion-resistant film obtained by this on the surface. It is not always clear what form of bonding the aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and the amino alcohol form to form the film, but the film comprising both as a constituent component is a thin film. Exhibits excellent corrosion resistance.
[0007]
The corrosion resistant coating in the present invention is prepared, for example, by preparing a treatment solution containing an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and / or a salt thereof and an amino alcohol, and then applying the treatment solution to the magnet surface. a film obtained by drying to form a step of 0.7g / m 2 ~3g / m 2 adhered per magnet unit surface area Te.
[0008]
As the aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring as a raw material for the corrosion-resistant film, those having an alkyl group in the para position with respect to the carbonyl group are preferably used. The alkyl group as a substituent seems to contribute to water repellency on the surface of the formed film, and the effect seems to be exhibited particularly when the alkyl group is located in the para position with respect to the carbonyl group. Although there is no special restriction | limiting in carbon number of an alkyl group, when the procurement ease as a raw material and the reactivity with amino alcohol are considered, a C1-C6 thing is desirable. Specific examples of such aromatic carboxylic acids include p-methylbenzoic acid, p-ethylbenzoic acid, p-propylbenzoic acid, p-isopropylbenzoic acid, p-butylbenzoic acid, p-sec-butylbenzoic acid. , P-tert-butylbenzoic acid, p-pentylbenzoic acid, p-hexylbenzoic acid and the like. Examples of these salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt, and alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt.
[0009]
As amino alcohol used as a raw material of a corrosion-resistant film, a C2-C6 thing is used suitably. The amino alcohol is bonded to the magnet surface with its amino group, while the hydroxyl group is ester-bonded to the carbonyl group of an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring, thereby forming a film having a strong binding property on the magnet surface. It seems to contribute to formation. Specific examples of amino alcohol include 2-aminoethanol, 2-aminopropanol, 2-aminobutanol and the like.
[0010]
The treatment liquid for forming the corrosion-resistant film is prepared by dissolving an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and / or a salt thereof and amino alcohol in water. The concentration of each raw material in the treatment liquid is preferably 1 g / L to 100 g / L from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent film formability and good workability, and is preferably 30 g / L to 90 g / L. L is more desirable. The pH of the treatment liquid is preferably adjusted to 9 to 14 and more preferably 10 to 12 from the viewpoint of suppressing magnet corrosion by the treatment liquid. Usually, the pH of the treatment liquid is 9 to 14 by dissolving an aromatic carboxylic acid having an alkyl group as a substituent on the benzene ring and / or a salt thereof and amino alcohol in water. You may adjust pH using alkalis, such as.
[0011]
The treatment liquid may contain boric acid. By containing boric acid, the mixing condition of each raw material in the treatment liquid is improved, and a more uniform corrosion-resistant film can be formed. The concentration of boric acid in the treatment liquid is desirably 1 g / L to 100 g / L.
[0012]
The treatment liquid prepared as described above is applied to the magnet surface and dried. In this step, for example, the treatment liquid is spray-coated on the magnet surface, or the magnet is immersed in the treatment liquid and dip-coated, and then heated at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour. To do so.
[0013]
Corrosion-resistant film of the present invention, it formed so that the amount deposited per magnet unit surface area becomes 0.7g / m 2 ~3g / m 2 . Desirably formed to be 0.7g / m 2 ~1.3g / m 2 . If it is less than 0.7 g / m 2 , the performance as a corrosion-resistant film may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if it is more than 3 g / m 2 , it becomes difficult to ensure uniform adhesion to the entire magnet surface, This is because there is a risk of causing uneven formation.
[0014]
Examples of the rare earth permanent magnet applied to the present invention include known rare earth permanent magnets such as R—Fe—B permanent magnets and R—Fe—N permanent magnets. Among them, R-Fe-B permanent magnets, especially Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, as described above, have high magnetic properties, are excellent in mass productivity and economy, and have excellent adhesion to the film. It is desirable in that it has The rare earth element (R) in these rare earth based permanent magnets is at least one of Nd, Pr, Dy, Ho, Tb, Sm, or La, Ce, Gd, Er, Eu, Tm, Yb, Lu, What contains at least 1 sort (s) among Y is desirable.
Usually, one type of R is sufficient, but in practice, a mixture of two or more types (such as misch metal and didymium) may be used for reasons of convenience.
Furthermore, by adding at least one of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Bi, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Ni, Si, Zn, Hf, and Ga, It becomes possible to improve the squareness of the coercive force and the demagnetization curve, improve the manufacturability, and reduce the price. Further, by replacing part of Fe with Co, the temperature characteristics can be improved without impairing the magnetic characteristics of the obtained magnet.
The rare earth permanent magnet applied to the present invention may be a sintered magnet or a bonded magnet.
[0015]
Another film may be laminated on the surface of the corrosion-resistant film of the present invention. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to enhance and supplement the characteristics of the corrosion-resistant coating, or to impart further functionality.
[0016]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0017]
For example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,723 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,368, 17 Nd obtained by pulverizing a known cast ingot and performing molding, sintering, heat treatment, and surface treatment after pulverization. Various coatings are applied to the surface of a flat sintered magnet (hereinafter referred to as a magnet body test piece) having a length of 20 mm, a width of 40 mm and a height of 2 mm having a composition of −1 Pr—75Fe-7B (at%) as follows. Formed. In addition, the adhesion amount per magnet unit surface area of the formed film was measured by a weight method represented by the following formula.
[0018]
Adhering amount (g / m 2 ) = (A−B) / C
In the formula: A is the weight (g) of the magnet specimen after the treatment liquid is applied and dried.
B is the magnet specimen weight (g) before applying the treatment liquid.
C is the surface area of the magnetic specimen (m 2 )
[0019]
Example 1:
p-tert-butylbenzoic acid and 2-aminoethanol were dissolved in water to prepare a treatment solution having a former concentration of 60 g / L and a latter concentration of 70 g / L (pH 10.5). After immersing and painting a magnet body test piece whose surface has been cleaned by shot blasting and solvent degreasing in the resulting treatment liquid, and then drying with hot air at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, A film having an adhesion amount of 0.83 g / m 2 was formed on the surface of the magnet test piece. Corrosion resistance acceleration test is performed on a magnet specimen having this coating on the surface for 50 hours under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions of a temperature of 80 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90%. When the area ratio was measured, the ratio was 1% or less (average value of n = 5), and the occurrence of red rust was extremely small even under severe conditions. Therefore, it was found that this film is a corrosion-resistant film that sufficiently satisfies the required corrosion resistance.
[0020]
Examples 2 to 4, Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2 :
p-tert-butylbenzoic acid, 2-aminoethanol and boric acid were dissolved in water to prepare treatment solutions having respective concentrations of 60 g / L, 70 g / L and 70 g / L (pH 10.5). This treatment liquid was better in mixing of the raw materials in the treatment liquid than the treatment liquid of Example 1. When immersing and painting a magnetic specimen whose surface has been cleaned by shot blasting and solvent degreasing in the resulting treatment liquid, it is lifted at various pulling speeds and then dried by the method shown in Table 1. Then, a coating film having an adhesion amount per magnet unit surface area shown in Table 1 was formed on the surface of the magnet body test piece. Table 1 shows the results of a corrosion resistance acceleration test performed on the surface of the magnet test piece having this coating film under the same conditions as in Example 1 (average value of n = 5).
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
As is apparent from Table 1, the ratio of the red rust occurrence area in the surface area of the magnet test piece decreased as the adhesion amount of the film increased, and the function as a corrosion-resistant film increased.
[0023]
Comparative Example 1:
2-Aminoethanol was dissolved in water to prepare a treatment solution having a concentration of 70 g / L (pH 12). After immersing and painting a magnet body test piece whose surface has been cleaned by shot blasting and solvent degreasing in the resulting treatment liquid, and then drying with hot air at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, A film having an adhesion amount of 0.01 g / m 2 was formed on the surface of the magnet test piece. When the acceleration test of corrosion resistance was performed on the magnet test piece having the coating film on the surface under the same conditions as in Example 1, the ratio of the area where red rust was generated was 60% (n = 5 average value), and the magnet test Red rust occurred on most of the pieces.
[0024]
Comparative Example 2:
Benzoic acid, 2-aminoethanol, and boric acid were dissolved in water to prepare treatment solutions having respective concentrations of 60 g / L, 70 g / L, and 70 g / L (pH 10.5). After immersing and painting a magnet body test piece whose surface has been cleaned by shot blasting and solvent degreasing in the obtained treatment liquid, when hot air drying is performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, A film having an adhesion amount of 0.83 g / m 2 was formed on the surface of the magnet test piece. When the acceleration test for corrosion resistance was performed on the magnet test piece having the coating film on the surface under the same conditions as in Example 1, the ratio of the area where red rust was generated was 5% (average value of n = 5). Corrosion resistance was inferior compared with the film using -tert-butylbenzoic acid.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a thin film that exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even in a thin film and has a coating with less influence on the environment and the human body on the surface, and can be formed with high dimensional accuracy based on excellent cost merit. A method for its production is provided.
Claims (9)
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| JP4645854B2 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2011-03-09 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Rare earth permanent magnet manufacturing method |
| JP2012057499A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-22 | Toyota Industries Corp | Electric compressor |
| KR102634865B1 (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2024-02-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Method for preparation magnet powder and sintered magnet produced by the same |
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2002
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