JP4004686B2 - Method for recycling magnesium-based waste - Google Patents
Method for recycling magnesium-based waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP4004686B2 JP4004686B2 JP19168099A JP19168099A JP4004686B2 JP 4004686 B2 JP4004686 B2 JP 4004686B2 JP 19168099 A JP19168099 A JP 19168099A JP 19168099 A JP19168099 A JP 19168099A JP 4004686 B2 JP4004686 B2 JP 4004686B2
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- magnesium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗料が塗布されたマグネシウム系廃材を塗料の燃焼による有害ガスを生じさせることなく再生するための方法に関する
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、軽量材料のニーズが高まり、樹脂材料や軽量金属材料が用いられている。しかし樹脂材料は一般にリサイクルが困難で環境性に問題があるのに対して、金属材料はリサイクルが容易であるため、マグネシウム系材料、アルミニウム系材料等が注目され、特に実用軽量金属材料中最も密度の小さいマグネシウム系材料は、自動車用材料あるいは携帯用家電製品用材料等として幅広く使用されている。
マグネシウム系材料製の部品や製品は、クロメート等の化成処理(酸化処理)を施された後、塗装されて使用されることが多い。又マグネシウム系廃材を繰り返し溶融し再生利用を行うと、金属成分は変動しないのにもかかわらず、溶湯の流動性や鋳物の耐食性が劣化することが知られている。これは、マグネシウム酸化物や離型材の混入、又塗料に顔料が使用される場合の該顔料の混入に起因する。従ってこのような異物が溶湯中に残存している場合には再生利用前に除去することが望ましく、場合によっては除去が必須となる。
【0003】
このような塗装されたマグネシウム系材料はリサイクルに際し、そのまま大気中でフラックスを使用して700 ℃近傍で廃材を再生溶融する時の高温により塗料を燃焼させているのが現状である。この塗料燃焼で発生するガスにはC4 H9 O4 N、C9 H13N、C8 H9 ON、C3 H9 N、C5 H15O2 NやC7 H7 ON等の多くの有機系ガスが含まれ、多くの場合ダイオキシンも発生する。燃焼温度が高温であれば有機系ガス成分の炭素数は少なくなり有害性は低下する。
しかしマグネシウムの発火の危険性があるため、通常はあまり高温で処理を行うことは困難である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述の通り、マグネシウム系材料は樹脂材料と比較してリサイクルが行いやすくかつ該リサイクルを環境への悪影響が少ない状況で実施できるという優位性を有し、このことがマグネシウム系材料の用途拡大の大きな原動力となっており、マグネシウム系材料の需要が世界的に急上昇している。しかしながらマグネシウム系材料のリサイクルでも僅かとは言いながら前述の通り環境への悪影響が生ずる可能性があり、今後塗装されたマグネシウム系材料製の部品及び製品のスクラップが大量に発生すると予想されることからも、塗装されたマグネシウム系材料製部品及び製品のリサイクル技術の確立が要請されている。
従って本発明は、塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材を燃焼させずに塗料を分解した後に再生する、環境性に優れた再生方法を提供することを目的とする。更に前記マグネシウム系廃材中に、塗料以外に再生される材料へ悪影響を与える異物が混入している場合にも適宜対処できる再生方法を提供する。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材を、非酸化性雰囲気中で、塗料が分解揮散する温度で熱処理を行って前記塗料を分解しその分解生成物を除去するマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法において、非酸化性雰囲気を構成するガスが、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、六フッ化イオウ、二酸化イオウ、二酸化炭素及び窒素から選択される1又は2以上のガスであり、塗料の分解生成物を有機溶媒に溶解して除去するようにしたことを特徴とするマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法であり、この分解生成物の除去の後に、再生処理中のマグネシウム系廃材を溶融し、生成する溶湯にガス吹き込みを行い該ガスとともに浮上する異物を除去するようにしても良い。又従来行われているフラックスを使用した再溶解により沈降する異物を除去しても良い。
【0006】
以下本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明は、従来のマグネシウム系廃材の再生の際に燃焼により塗装マグネシウム系廃材の表面から除去していた塗料を、前記燃焼に代えて非酸化性雰囲気での熱処理を採用することにより、環境へ悪影響を与える有害ガスを大気に放散することなくマグネシウム系廃材の再生を行うことを意図している。
つまり塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材のスクラップを、酸素分圧がゼロか又はかなり低い非酸化性雰囲気下で熱処理することにより、塗料の燃焼によらずに、塗料分解による低分子量の分子やガスとして塗料を廃材表面から除去しようとするものである。熱処理により二酸化炭素のような無害なガスのみが生ずる場合は発生ガスはそのまま大気中に放散させれば良い。
【0007】
前記非酸化性雰囲気を構成するガスは、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、六フッ化イオウ、二酸化イオウ、二酸化炭素及び窒素から選択される1又は2以上のガスが使用できる。塗料燃焼が生じなければ少量の酸素や他の酸化性ガスが混入していても良い。
しかしながら酸素分圧ができる限り低く望ましくはゼロであることは当然であり、酸素分圧がゼロのときに最も良好な結果が得られる。従ってマグネシウム系廃材が収容されるチャンバーは予め真空吸引して50Torr程度の減圧状態にし、その後減圧状態にしたチャンバーに前述した非酸化性ガスを充填してチャンバー内を非酸化性ガスで置換することが望ましく、この置換操作を複数回繰り返すことが更に望ましい。減圧度が50Torrに達しない場合には雰囲気中に酸素が比較的高濃度で残存する可能性が高いため複数回の置換操作を行うことが好ましい。
【0008】
このような非酸化性雰囲気で行われる熱処理の温度は燃焼が起きないように、より厳密には酸化も起きないように選択することが望ましく、好適な熱処理温度の範囲はマグネシウム系廃材の材質や非酸化性ガスの種類等に依存するが通常は500 〜600 ℃である。
酸素がほぼ完全に排除されている該温度範囲では、塗料中の炭素の一部は廃材中に残存するが有機物はほぼ完全に分解又は揮散する。熱処理温度が500 ℃未満であると有機物の分解速度が遅かったり、分解が不十分になる傾向がある。又熱処理温度が600 ℃を越えるとチャンバー内でマグネシウム系廃材が溶融して分解ガスと反応し溶湯が酸化燃焼することがある。従って処理を十分行うことと安全性への配慮の折衷点として前記温度範囲で熱処理を行うことが望ましい。
【0009】
この熱処理工程中の非酸化性雰囲気の圧力は特に限定されず、塗料の分解ガスを系外に排除して分解を促進するため、つまり揮散効率を高めるためにはガス供給を連続して又は間欠的に行うことができる。このガスは酸化性がなければその種類は限定されないが、前述の非酸化性ガスを使用することが簡便でかつ望ましい。ガス供給速度は前述の熱処理温度が維持される範囲でなるべく多くすることが好ましい。
前記温度範囲での熱処理操作により微量の有害ガスが発生する場合には、アセトン、トルエン、キシレン、メチルエチルケトン、テトラヒドロフラン等の有機溶媒に溶解させて容易に除去することができる。
【0010】
このような条件で溶融したマグネシウム系廃材の熱処理を塗料が十分に分解するまで行う。処理時間は塗料の種類、廃材に対する塗料の相対量などに依存して変化するが、通常は10〜60分である。塗料分解の終了はチャンバーからの流出ガス中に分解ガスが存在しないことにより確認できる。
塗料が除去されたマグネシウム系廃材はそのまま溶融し成形して再使用しても良いが、廃材中に酸化物等の異物が残存しているとそのままリサイクルすると溶湯が燃焼しやすく、又流動性や鋳物の耐食性が劣化することが知られている。
従って塗料除去後に更に前記異物も除去してからリサイクルすると再生されるマグネシウム系材料を長期間再使用できる。
【0011】
本発明では、塗料を除去したマグネシウム系廃材を溶融状態に維持しかつ不活性ガスを吹き込みながら、酸化物等の異物を溶融物表面に浮上させて除去する工程を追加しても良い。吹き込まれたガスは気泡として溶湯中を浮上する過程で該溶湯中に浮遊している酸化物、離型材又は顔料等の異物をその表面に付着させて共に浮上し、このガスとともに異物が分離除去される。ガス吹き込みは細かく泡立てながら行うことが好ましく、ガス供給により溶湯中に対流が生じて全ての溶湯と供給ガスが十分に接触して全て又は殆どの異物が浮上して清浄化が行われる。
このガス吹き込みの際の溶湯温度は、通常の鋳造の際の溶湯温度と同じで良いが、溶湯温度を600 ℃未満にするとガス吹き込みによる溶湯温度の低下が溶湯の鋳造性に悪影響を及ぼすことがあり、又溶湯温度が700 ℃を越えると保護ガスとして六フッ化イオウや二酸化イオウを使用しても材質劣化が起こる傾向があり、従って溶湯温度は600 〜700 ℃であることが好ましく、600 〜650 ℃であると一層好ましい。
【0012】
溶湯に吹き込むガスは酸化物等の異物を付着させて共に浮上する性質を有すれば十分で、その種類は溶湯と反応する等の溶湯への悪影響がなければ特に限定されない。これらの条件を満足し所望の結果が得られるガスとして、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、六フッ化イオウ、二酸化イオウ、二酸化炭素及び窒素があり、これらと乾燥空気(湿分を含まない空気)との混合ガスも使用でき、他の不活性ガスの使用も可能である。
しかし前記混合ガスや二酸化イオウ及び窒素はマグネシウム溶湯との間で僅かに反応を生じさせることがある。従って本工程に使用するガスとしては、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、六フッ化イオウ、及び二酸化炭素が最適である。
【0013】
異物を伴って浮上した供給ガスは放散して溶湯から除去されるが、浮上した異物は溶湯表面に残存する。この溶湯表面の異物はいわゆるノロかきのような用具を使って掻き取り除去する。又は金属製又はセラミックス製のフィルターによる濾過等により異物を除去する。
この工程の追加により単に異物が除去できるだけでなく、溶湯の流動性が向上するとともに、溶湯中の吸蔵ガスが減少して該吸蔵ガスに起因する鋳造欠陥が減少するという効果が得られ、マグネシウム系廃材はより高純度及び高性能のマグネシウム系材料として再生できる。
又別炉で、一般に行われているダウケミカル社製フラックスDOW230 やDOW310 、又は立川鋳造溶剤工業所製のフラックスSK101 やSK105 に代表されるようなKCl、MgCl2 、BaCl2 、CaF2 、MgO等から成るフラックスを用いて再溶解し異物をスラッジとして沈降させた後、スラッジ除去用具でスラッジを除去する方法でも良い。この場合も処理後の溶湯は、流動性が向上し、鋳造欠陥が減少する効果が得られ、マグネシウム系廃材はより高純度及び高性能のマグネシウム系廃材として再生できる。
【0014】
本発明の再生対象となるマグネシウム系廃材は、マグネシウム又はマグネシウム合金(例えばダイカスト用のマグネシウム合金であるAZ91、AM60 AM50、AS41)製の鋳造品、ダイカスト品、加工品(板材、線材)等でその表面に塗料による塗装が施されている部品及び製品の使用済回収品や、製造工程で生ずる不良品を包含する。本発明は単にこれらのマグネシウム系廃材自体に適用できるだけでなく、マグネシウム系廃材に別の新しいマグネシウム地金を添加して一緒に再生処理を行っても良い。この場合のマグネシウム系廃材の割合は任意に設定できるが、一般的には50%以下が望ましく、新地金の添加により溶湯表面に浮上するドロス量は減少する。
又本発明における除去対象である塗料はマグネシウム系材料に従来使用されあるいは今後使用される全ての塗料が含まれ、例えばフェノール樹脂系塗料、尿素樹脂系塗料、メラミン樹脂系塗料、ビニル樹脂系塗料、エポキシ樹脂系塗料、ポリエステル樹脂系塗料、珪素樹脂系塗料、フラン樹脂系塗料、セルロース系塗料及びクリアーラッカー等がある。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図面を参照しながら本発明のマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法に使用できる装置の例を説明する。
図1は、本発明方法に使用可能な塗料の分解用装置の一例を示す概略縦断面図、図2及び図3は、塗料分解後のマグネシウム系廃材からの異物除去に使用可能な装置を例示する概略図である。
図1において、横長円筒状のチャンバー1内に破砕したマグネシウム系廃材2を配置し、このチャンバー1を処理炉3中に収容する。チャンバー1の入口側にはバルブ付非酸化性ガス導入用配管4が設置され、出口側にはチャンバー1内部を真空ポンプ又は捕集瓶に接続しあるいは両者から遮断できる三方弁5が設置されている。符号6は入口側から挿入されたチャンバー1内温度を測定するための熱電対である。
【0016】
このチャンバー1内の破砕マグネシウム系廃材2を再生するためには、まず非酸化性ガス導入用バルブを閉じ、かつチャンバー1内部を真空ポンプに接続するように三方弁5を開く。この状態で真空ポンプを作動させてチャンバー1内を減圧状態に維持し、次いで三方弁5を閉じ非酸化性ガス導入用バルブを開いて非酸化性ガス導入用配管4からアルゴンやヘリウム等の非酸化性ガスをチャンバー1内に導入してチャンバー1内を非酸化性ガスで置換する。必要に応じてこの置換操作を2〜3階程度繰り返す。次いで三方弁5により、チャンバー1内部を、テトラヒドロフラン等の溶媒が充填された捕集瓶側に連通させる。
この状態で、マグネシウム系廃材2が500 〜600 ℃程度で加熱されるように、処理炉3でチャンバー1を加熱する。チャンバー内の雰囲気が非酸化性であり、加熱温度が比較的低いため、マグネシウム系廃材2表面の塗料は燃焼せず、無害な無機系ガスやより低分子量の固形分又は有機系ガスに分解される。
【0017】
塗料が分解して生成する有機系ガスや無機系ガスはチャンバー1内に導入される非酸化性ガスにより三方弁5を通って捕集瓶側に取り出され、捕捉される。
なおこの処理炉3による加熱の前に、チャンバー1を真空ポンプに接続しかつバルブを閉じてチャンバー1内を減圧状態にしておいても良い。この場合には加熱停止後にチャンバー1を常圧に戻し、チャンバー1内の分解ガスを回収すれば良い。
このようにして塗料が分解除去されたマグネシウム系廃材は異物混入がない場合は、そのまま成形して製品とすれば良いが、塗料除去後に異物が混入している場合は、該異物除去を行うことが望ましい。
【0018】
その場合にはチャンバー1内の塗料分解揮散後のマグネシウム系廃材2を冷却した後、図2に示すような他の溶融炉3aにより加熱されるるつぼ7に入れる。このるつぼ7内のマグネシウム系廃材2a表面に非酸化性ガスを吹き込み管8を通して吹き込みながら、溶融炉3aで前記マグネシウム系廃材2aを熱電対6aにより調節しながら600 〜700 ℃程度に加熱溶融する。これにより該マグネシウム系廃材2a中に混入している酸化物等の異物が表面まで浮上し、この異物をノロ掻きのような用具を使って除去する。
非酸化性ガスのるつぼ7への導入は、図2のように該ガスをマグネシウム系廃材表面に吹き込み管8を通して吹き付けるように導入することに代えて、溶融したマグネシウム系廃材中に挿入した吹き込み管8aから該マグネシウム系廃材中に細かい気泡が生ずるように吹き込んでも良く、更に図3に示すように表面への吹き付けと内部への吹き込みを併用しても良い。
【0019】
(実施例)
本発明によるマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法の実施例を記載するが、該実施例は本発明を限定するものではない。
【0020】
実施例1
図1の装置を使用してマグネシウム系廃材の塗料の分解除去を行った。
塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材としてAZ91合金(Mg−9%Al−0.7 %Zn−0.2 %Mn)製鋳造品の表面をDOW1法によって化成処理し、中塗り塗料としてサイクロン999 (東京ペイント株式会社製)を用い、上塗り塗料としてMGR−481 ゴールド(東京ペイント株式会社製)を用いて塗装した製品の使用済回収品をマグネシウム系廃材として使用した。
【0021】
この回収品を粉砕して図1に示すようなチャンバーに入れ、三方弁でチャンバーを真空ポンプに接続してチャンバー内を50Torrに減圧し、その後真空ポンプへの接続を解除してチャンバー内にアルゴンガスを導入してチャンバー内をアルゴン置換して1気圧とした。次いで三方弁によりチャンバーをテトラヒドロフランが充填された捕集瓶側に連通させ、入口側からアルゴンガスを0.5 リットル/分の割合で供給しながら、マグネシウム系廃材を600 ℃で10分間加熱した。
チャンバーを冷却し、内部のガスを分析したところ、大部分がアルゴンで、その他に水、窒素ガス、酸素ガス及び二酸化炭素が検出され、それ以外のガスは極く微量しか検出されなかった(捕集瓶から排出されたガスもほぼ同様であった)。
このように塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材を600 ℃程度で加熱すると塗料は分解揮散し発生ガスを溶媒で捕集することで大気中に有害ガスを放出することなく、塗装したマグネシウム系廃材から塗料を分解除去できることが分かった。
【0022】
実施例2
実施例1で塗料が除去されたマグネシウム系廃材2kgを図2に示した容量1.5 リットルの10番黒鉛るつぼに入れ、溶融炉で加熱して溶融させた。溶融時にはガス発生は見られなかった。アルゴンを吹き付けながら溶湯を650 ℃に10分間保持した後、表面に浮上したドロスを除去した。除去後の溶湯の蛍光X線による元素分析の結果を表1に示す。
【0023】
【表1】
【0024】
実施例3
実施例2と同じマグネシウム系廃材2kgを図3に示した容量1.5 リットルの10番黒鉛るつぼ(溶湯表面積が約120 cm2 、深さ17cm)に入れ、溶融炉で加熱して溶融させた。溶融時にはガス発生は見られなかった。溶湯表面から15cm下の位置に、アルゴンガスを0.5 リットル/分の割合で細かく泡立てながら供給し、溶湯を650 ℃に保持し、20分後、40分後及び60分後の溶湯の蛍光X線による元素分析の結果を表1に示す。
表1からガスを溶湯中に気泡として吹き込むと(実施例3)と、溶湯表面へのガス供給(実施例2)と比較して、炭素、酸素、硫黄、チタン、バリウム、燐等塗料分解残留物から混入する成分の含有率が減少しており、溶湯中の塗料分解物等の異物が効果的に除去されていることを示している。
【0025】
実施例4
実施例2と同じマグネシウム廃材6kgを容量4.5 リットルの30番るつぼに入れ、廃材の上から立川鋳造溶剤工業所製のSK101 フラックス50grで覆い溶融した。730 ℃で保持しながら同工業所製のSK105 フラックス50grを添加し攪拌棒で5分間攪拌した後、沈降したスラッジをノロ掻きで除去した。650 ℃で30分間沈静した後、溶湯を汲み出し、蛍光X線分析を行った。結果を表1に示す。実施例2と比較して、塗料分解物から成る混入する成分の含有率が減少していて異物が効果的に除去されることを示している。
【0026】
実施例5(ピンホール試験)
実施例3のアルゴンガス吹き込み20分後、40分後、60分後及び実施例4のそれぞれの溶湯約50mlをデシケーター中のるつぼに注湯し、デシケーターを真空吸引しながら凝固させた。得られた鋳物材の比重からピンホール量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。表2から吹き込み時間の経過とともにピンホール量が減少している、又フラックス処理した溶湯もピンホールが減少していることが分かる。
凝固時に発生ガスが酸化物に捕捉されてそのガスによりピンホール形成が起こることは周知であり、本実施例ではアルゴンガス吹き込み又はフラックス処理により酸化物を除去したため、ガスが酸化物に捕捉されず従ってピンホールも生じなかったことは明白である。
【0027】
【表2】
【0028】
実施例6(塩水噴霧試験)
JIS Z 2371に従って塩水噴霧試験を実施した。実施例4で凝固させた3個の鋳物材表面にそれぞれ5%食塩水を20時間噴霧した後取り出して白錆の発生の有無を目視で観察した。その結果いずれの鋳物材でも白錆は一切観察されなかった。
【0029】
比較例1
実施例1の使用済回収品を実施例1に記載した熱処理を行わず、実施例2と同じ条件でるつぼ中で加熱したところ、マグネシウム系廃材が溶融するとともに刺激臭の強い多量のガスが発生した。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、塗装されたマグネシウム系廃材を、非酸化性雰囲気中で、塗料が分解揮散する温度で熱処理を行って前記塗料を分解しその分解生成物を除去するマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法において、非酸化性雰囲気を構成するガスが、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、六フッ化イオウ、二酸化イオウ、二酸化炭素及び窒素から選択される1又は2以上のガスであり、塗料の分解生成物を有機溶媒に溶解して除去するようにしたことを特徴とするマグネシウム系廃材の再生方法(請求項1)である。
本発明方法によると、塗料から生ずる有害ガスを大気中に放出することなく塗装したマグネシウム系廃材を再生できるため、環境への悪影響が生ずることがなくなり、これにより優秀な性能を有するマグネシウム系材料の用途及び使用量が拡大することが期待できる。しかも非酸化性雰囲気を構成するガスを適宜選択し、塗料の分解生成物を有機溶媒に溶解して除去しているため、環境への悪影響がより完全に排除できる。
【0031】
塗料を除去したマグネシウム系廃材はそのままリサイクルしても良いが、多くの場合該廃材は寿命の短縮等に直結する異物を含んでいる。塗料を除去したマグネシウム系廃材を溶融し、この溶湯へのガス吹き込み(請求項2)又はフラックスを使用して(請求項3)前記異物を除去すると、寿命が延びかつ不純物量が減少するだけでなく、溶湯の流動性が向上しかつ溶湯の構造欠陥が解消でき、より高性能のマグネシウム系材料が再生できる。本発明方法で塗料が分解揮散する温度は一般に500 〜600 ℃であり、ガス吹き込み時のマグネシウム系廃材の溶融温度は600 〜700 ℃とすることが好ましい(請求項4)。又本発明はマグネシウム系廃材単独で再生するだけでなく新地金との混合物として再生しても良く(請求項5)、これにより浮上する異物の量が減少して再生処理が容易になるとともに、一層高性能のマグネシウム系材料が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明方法に使用可能な塗料の分解用装置の一例を示す概略縦断面図。
【図2】塗料分解後のマグネシウム系廃材からの異物除去に使用可能な装置の一例を示す概略図。
【図3】他の例を示す概略図。
【符号の説明】
1 チャンバー
2、2a マグネシウム系材料
3 処理炉
3a 溶融炉
4 非酸化性ガス導入用配管
5 三方弁
6、6a 熱電対
7 るつぼ
8、8a ガス吹き込み管[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a magnesium-based waste material coated with a paint without causing harmful gas due to combustion of the paint.
[Prior art]
In recent years, the need for lightweight materials has increased, and resin materials and lightweight metal materials have been used. However, resin materials are generally difficult to recycle and have environmental problems, while metal materials are easy to recycle, so magnesium-based materials, aluminum-based materials, etc. have attracted attention. A small magnesium-based material is widely used as a material for automobiles or portable home appliances.
Parts and products made of magnesium-based materials are often used after being subjected to chemical conversion treatment (oxidation treatment) such as chromate. Further, it is known that when magnesium waste material is repeatedly melted and recycled, the fluidity of the molten metal and the corrosion resistance of the casting deteriorate, although the metal component does not change. This is due to the mixing of magnesium oxide and a release material, and the mixing of the pigment when the pigment is used in the paint. Therefore, when such foreign matters remain in the molten metal, it is desirable to remove them before recycling, and in some cases, removal is essential.
[0003]
When such a coated magnesium-based material is recycled, the paint is burned at a high temperature when the waste material is regenerated and melted at around 700 ° C. using the flux as it is in the atmosphere. Gases generated by this paint combustion include C 4 H 9 O 4 N, C 9 H 13 N, C 8 H 9 ON, C 3 H 9 N, C 5 H 15 O 2 N, C 7 H 7 ON, etc. It contains a lot of organic gases and often generates dioxins. If the combustion temperature is high, the carbon number of the organic gas component decreases and the harmfulness decreases.
However, due to the risk of magnesium ignition, it is usually difficult to process at very high temperatures.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, magnesium-based materials have the advantage that they can be recycled more easily than resin materials and can be carried out in a situation where there is little adverse impact on the environment. This greatly expands the use of magnesium-based materials. As a driving force, the demand for magnesium-based materials is rising rapidly worldwide. However, the recycling of magnesium-based materials may have a negative impact on the environment as mentioned above, but it is expected that a large amount of scraps of parts and products made of magnesium-based materials will be generated in the future. However, there is a demand for the establishment of recycling technology for parts and products made of coated magnesium-based materials.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a recycling method excellent in environmental performance, in which a coated magnesium-based waste material is recycled after being decomposed without burning. Furthermore, the present invention provides a regeneration method capable of appropriately dealing with a case where foreign substances that adversely affect the material to be recycled other than the paint are mixed in the magnesium-based waste material.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, a painted magnesium-based waste, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the paint is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature to decompose vaporized decomposing the paint method of reproducing luma magnesium-based waste to remove the degradation products the Oite, gas constituting the non-oxidizing atmosphere, argon, helium, neon, sulfur hexafluoride, is one or more gases selected from sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, decomposition products of the paint Is a method for reclaiming magnesium-based waste material by dissolving it in an organic solvent, and after removing this decomposition product, the magnesium-based waste material being regenerated is melted to produce a molten metal. You may make it remove the foreign material which floats with gas by blowing in gas. Moreover, you may remove the foreign material which settles by remelting using the flux currently performed conventionally.
[0006]
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The present invention adopts a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere instead of the combustion for the paint that has been removed from the surface of the coated magnesium-based waste material by combustion during the regeneration of the conventional magnesium-based waste material. It is intended to recycle magnesium-based waste materials without releasing harmful gases that have adverse effects into the atmosphere.
In other words, the coated magnesium scrap is heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere where the oxygen partial pressure is zero or very low, so that the paint can be used as low molecular weight molecules or gas by paint decomposition without burning the paint. Is to be removed from the surface of the waste material. When only a harmless gas such as carbon dioxide is generated by the heat treatment, the generated gas may be diffused into the atmosphere as it is.
[0007]
Gas constituting the non-oxidizing atmosphere, an argon, helium, neon, sulfur hexafluoride, one or more gases selected from sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen you can use. A small amount of oxygen or other oxidizing gas unless occur paint combustion may be contaminated.
However, it is natural that the oxygen partial pressure is as low as possible, preferably zero, and the best results are obtained when the oxygen partial pressure is zero. Therefore, the chamber in which the magnesium-based waste material is stored is vacuumed in advance to a reduced pressure of about 50 Torr, and then the reduced-pressure chamber is filled with the non-oxidizing gas described above to replace the inside with the non-oxidizing gas. It is desirable to repeat this replacement operation a plurality of times. When the degree of vacuum does not reach 50 Torr, it is highly possible that oxygen will remain in the atmosphere at a relatively high concentration, and therefore, it is preferable to perform a plurality of replacement operations.
[0008]
It is desirable to select the temperature of the heat treatment performed in such a non-oxidizing atmosphere so that combustion does not occur, and more strictly, oxidation does not occur. Although it depends on the type of non-oxidizing gas, it is usually 500 to 600 ° C.
In the temperature range in which oxygen is almost completely excluded, a part of the carbon in the paint remains in the waste material, but the organic matter is almost completely decomposed or volatilized. When the heat treatment temperature is less than 500 ° C., the decomposition rate of organic substances tends to be slow or the decomposition tends to be insufficient. If the heat treatment temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the magnesium-based waste material melts in the chamber and reacts with the cracked gas, and the molten metal may oxidize and burn. Therefore, it is desirable to perform heat treatment in the above temperature range as a compromise between sufficient treatment and consideration for safety.
[0009]
The pressure of the non-oxidizing atmosphere during this heat treatment process is not particularly limited, and in order to promote the decomposition by eliminating the decomposition gas of the paint out of the system, that is, in order to increase the volatilization efficiency, the gas supply is continuously or intermittently performed. Can be done automatically. The type of the gas is not limited as long as it is not oxidizable, but it is simple and desirable to use the non-oxidizing gas described above. It is preferable to increase the gas supply rate as much as possible within the range in which the above heat treatment temperature is maintained.
When a trace amount of harmful gas is generated by the heat treatment operation in the above temperature range, it can be easily removed by dissolving it in an organic solvent such as acetone, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone or tetrahydrofuran.
[0010]
Heat treatment of the magnesium-based waste material melted under such conditions is performed until the paint is sufficiently decomposed. The treatment time varies depending on the type of paint and the relative amount of paint with respect to the waste material, but is usually 10 to 60 minutes. Completion of paint decomposition can be confirmed by the absence of decomposition gas in the gas flowing out of the chamber.
The magnesium-based waste material from which the paint has been removed may be melted, molded, and reused. However, if foreign materials such as oxides remain in the waste material, the recycled metal will easily burn if the waste material is recycled. It is known that the corrosion resistance of castings deteriorates.
Therefore, the magnesium-based material regenerated by removing the foreign matters after the paint removal and then recycling can be reused for a long time.
[0011]
In this invention, you may add the process which floats and removes foreign materials, such as an oxide, on the melt surface, maintaining the molten magnesium-type waste material which removed the coating material, and blowing inactive gas. The blown gas floats in the molten metal as bubbles and attaches foreign matter such as oxide, mold release material or pigment that floats in the molten metal to the surface, and the foreign matter is separated and removed together with this gas. Is done. The gas blowing is preferably performed while finely bubbling, and convection is generated in the molten metal due to the gas supply, and all the molten metal and the supplied gas are sufficiently brought into contact with each other, so that all or most of the foreign matter floats and is cleaned.
The molten metal temperature during the gas blowing may be the same as the molten metal temperature during normal casting. However, if the molten metal temperature is less than 600 ° C, a decrease in the molten metal temperature due to the gas blowing may adversely affect the castability of the molten metal. In addition, when the molten metal temperature exceeds 700 ° C., the material deterioration tends to occur even when sulfur hexafluoride or sulfur dioxide is used as a protective gas. Therefore, the molten metal temperature is preferably 600 to 700 ° C. 650 ° C. is more preferable.
[0012]
The gas blown into the molten metal is sufficient if it has the property of adhering foreign substances such as oxides and floats together, and the type thereof is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the molten metal such as reacting with the molten metal. Gases that satisfy these conditions and produce desired results include argon, helium, neon, sulfur hexafluoride, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, and these and dry air (humidity-free air). Mixed gases can be used, and other inert gases can be used.
However, the mixed gas, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen may cause a slight reaction with the molten magnesium. Therefore, argon, helium, neon, sulfur hexafluoride, and carbon dioxide are optimal as the gas used in this step.
[0013]
The supply gas that has floated with the foreign matter diffuses and is removed from the molten metal, but the floated foreign matter remains on the surface of the molten metal. The foreign material on the surface of the molten metal is scraped and removed using a tool such as a so-called scraper. Alternatively, the foreign matter is removed by filtration with a metal or ceramic filter.
The addition of this step can not only remove foreign substances, but also improves the fluidity of the molten metal, reduces the occluded gas in the molten metal, and reduces the casting defects caused by the occluded gas. Waste materials can be recycled as higher purity and higher performance magnesium-based materials.
Moreover, KCl, MgCl 2 , BaCl 2 , CaF 2 , MgO, etc., which are generally used in a separate furnace, such as fluxes DOW230 and DOW310 manufactured by Dow Chemical Company, or fluxes SK101 and SK105 manufactured by Tachikawa Foundry Solvents, Ltd. A method may be used in which the sludge is removed by using a sludge removal tool after the foreign matter is re-dissolved using a flux consisting of Also in this case, the molten metal after the treatment has an effect of improving fluidity and reducing casting defects, and the magnesium-based waste material can be regenerated as a magnesium-based waste material with higher purity and higher performance.
[0014]
Magnesium-based waste materials to be reclaimed in the present invention include magnesium, magnesium alloys (for example, AZ91, AM60 AM50, AS41, which are magnesium alloys for die casting), cast products, die cast products, processed products (plate materials, wire materials), etc. Includes used and recovered parts and products that have been painted with paint on the surface and defective products that occur in the manufacturing process. The present invention can be applied not only to these magnesium-based waste materials per se, but also another new magnesium metal can be added to the magnesium-based waste materials and regenerated together. In this case, the proportion of the magnesium-based waste material can be arbitrarily set, but generally 50% or less is desirable, and the amount of dross floating on the surface of the molten metal is reduced by the addition of new metal.
Further, the paints to be removed in the present invention include all paints that are conventionally used in the magnesium-based material or used in the future, such as phenol resin paints, urea resin paints, melamine resin paints, vinyl resin paints, There are epoxy resin paints, polyester resin paints, silicon resin paints, furan resin paints, cellulose paints, clear lacquers, and the like.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An example of an apparatus that can be used in the method for recycling a magnesium-based waste material of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an apparatus for decomposing a paint that can be used in the method of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an apparatus that can be used for removing foreign matters from magnesium-based waste after decomposing the paint. FIG.
In FIG. 1, a crushed magnesium-based waste material 2 is disposed in a horizontally long cylindrical chamber 1, and the chamber 1 is accommodated in a processing furnace 3. A non-oxidizing gas introduction pipe 4 with a valve is installed on the inlet side of the chamber 1, and a three-way valve 5 is installed on the outlet side, which can connect the inside of the chamber 1 to a vacuum pump or a collection bottle or shut off from both. Yes.
[0016]
In order to regenerate the crushed magnesium-based waste material 2 in the chamber 1, first, the non-oxidizing gas introduction valve is closed, and the three-way valve 5 is opened so that the inside of the chamber 1 is connected to a vacuum pump. In this state, the vacuum pump is operated to maintain the inside of the chamber 1 in a reduced pressure state, and then the three-way valve 5 is closed and the non-oxidizing gas introduction valve is opened, and non-oxidizing gas introduction pipe 4 is filled with non-oxidizing gas such as argon or helium. An oxidizing gas is introduced into the chamber 1 and the inside of the chamber 1 is replaced with a non-oxidizing gas. This replacement operation is repeated about 2 to 3 floors as necessary. Next, the inside of the chamber 1 is communicated with the side of the collection bottle filled with a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran by the three-way valve 5.
In this state, the chamber 1 is heated in the processing furnace 3 so that the magnesium-based waste material 2 is heated at about 500 to 600 ° C. Because the atmosphere in the chamber is non-oxidizing and the heating temperature is relatively low, the paint on the surface of the magnesium-based waste material 2 does not burn, but is decomposed into harmless inorganic gases, lower molecular weight solids or organic gases The
[0017]
Organic gas and inorganic gas generated by the decomposition of the paint are taken out by the non-oxidizing gas introduced into the chamber 1 through the three-way valve 5 to the collecting bottle side and captured.
Prior to heating by the processing furnace 3, the chamber 1 may be connected to a vacuum pump and the valve may be closed to place the chamber 1 in a reduced pressure state. In this case, the chamber 1 may be returned to normal pressure after the heating is stopped, and the decomposition gas in the chamber 1 may be recovered.
The magnesium-based waste material from which the paint has been decomposed and removed in this way may be molded directly into a product if there is no foreign matter mixed in, but if foreign matter is mixed in after the paint is removed, the foreign matter should be removed. Is desirable.
[0018]
In that case, after the magnesium-based waste material 2 after the decomposition and volatilization of the paint in the chamber 1 is cooled, it is put in a
The introduction of the non-oxidizing gas into the
[0019]
(Example)
Although the Example of the reproduction | regeneration method of the magnesium-type waste material by this invention is described, this Example does not limit this invention.
[0020]
Example 1
The apparatus of FIG. 1 was used to disassemble and remove the magnesium-based waste paint.
The surface of the cast product made of AZ91 alloy (Mg-9% Al-0.7% Zn-0.2% Mn) is coated as a magnesium-based waste material by the DOW1 method, and Cyclone 999 (manufactured by Tokyo Paint Co., Ltd.) is used as an intermediate coating. The used recovered product of the product coated with MGR-481 Gold (manufactured by Tokyo Paint Co., Ltd.) as the top coat was used as the magnesium-based waste material.
[0021]
This recovered product is crushed and placed in a chamber as shown in FIG. 1, and the chamber is connected to a vacuum pump with a three-way valve to reduce the pressure in the chamber to 50 Torr. Thereafter, the connection to the vacuum pump is released and argon is placed in the chamber. A gas was introduced and the atmosphere in the chamber was replaced with argon to 1 atm. Next, the chamber was connected to the collection bottle side filled with tetrahydrofuran by a three-way valve, and the magnesium-based waste material was heated at 600 ° C. for 10 minutes while supplying argon gas from the inlet side at a rate of 0.5 liter / min.
When the chamber was cooled and the internal gas was analyzed, most of it was argon, water, nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and carbon dioxide were detected, and other gases were detected in very small amounts (capture). The gas discharged from the collection bottle was almost the same).
When the magnesium-based waste material coated in this way is heated at about 600 ° C, the paint decomposes and volatilizes, and the generated gas is collected with a solvent, so that no harmful gas is released into the atmosphere, and the paint is removed from the coated magnesium-based waste material. It was found that it could be decomposed and removed.
[0022]
Example 2
2 kg of the magnesium-based waste material from which the paint was removed in Example 1 was placed in a No. 10 graphite crucible having a capacity of 1.5 liters shown in FIG. 2, and was heated and melted in a melting furnace. No gas evolution was seen during melting. The molten metal was kept at 650 ° C. for 10 minutes while blowing argon, and then the dross floating on the surface was removed. Table 1 shows the results of elemental analysis by fluorescent X-ray of the molten metal after removal.
[0023]
[Table 1]
[0024]
Example 3
2 kg of the same magnesium-based waste material as in Example 2 was placed in a No. 10 graphite crucible (the surface area of the molten metal was about 120 cm 2 and the depth was 17 cm) shown in FIG. No gas evolution was seen during melting. Argon gas is supplied at a rate of 15 liters / minute at a rate of 15 liters / minute from the surface of the molten metal while finely bubbling, and the molten metal is kept at 650 ° C. After 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes, the fluorescent X-rays of the molten metal Table 1 shows the results of elemental analysis.
When gas is blown into the melt as bubbles from Table 1 (Example 3), compared with gas supply to the surface of the melt (Example 2), carbon, oxygen, sulfur, titanium, barium, phosphorus and other paint decomposition residues The content rate of the components mixed in from the material is reduced, which indicates that foreign matters such as paint decomposition products in the molten metal are effectively removed.
[0025]
Example 4
6 kg of the same magnesium waste material as in Example 2 was placed in a crucible No. 30 having a capacity of 4.5 liters, and the waste material was covered and melted with 50 gr of SK101 flux manufactured by Tachikawa foundry solvent industry. While maintaining at 730 ° C., 50 gr of SK105 flux made by the same industry was added and stirred with a stir bar for 5 minutes, and the settled sludge was removed with a scraper. After settling at 650 ° C. for 30 minutes, the molten metal was pumped out and X-ray fluorescence analysis was performed. The results are shown in Table 1. Compared with Example 2, the content rate of the component which consists of a coating-decomposition thing is reducing, and it has shown that a foreign material is removed effectively.
[0026]
Example 5 (pinhole test)
After about 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes and about 4 ml of the molten metal of Example 4 was poured into the crucible in the desiccator, and the desiccator was solidified while vacuum suction. The pinhole amount was measured from the specific gravity of the obtained casting material. The results are shown in Table 2. From Table 2, it can be seen that the amount of pinholes decreases with the lapse of the blowing time, and the pinholes also decrease in the flux-treated molten metal.
It is well known that the generated gas is trapped by the oxide during solidification and the pinhole formation is caused by the gas. In this example, the oxide is removed by blowing argon gas or flux treatment, so the gas is not trapped by the oxide. Thus, it is clear that no pinholes have occurred.
[0027]
[Table 2]
[0028]
Example 6 (salt spray test)
A salt spray test was performed according to JIS Z 2371. The surfaces of the three castings solidified in Example 4 were each sprayed with 5% saline for 20 hours and then taken out, and the presence or absence of white rust was visually observed. As a result, no white rust was observed in any casting material.
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
When the used recovered product of Example 1 was heated in the crucible under the same conditions as in Example 2 without performing the heat treatment described in Example 1, the magnesium-based waste material melted and a large amount of gas with a strong irritating odor was generated. did.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention, a painted magnesium-based waste, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the paint is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature to decompose vaporized decomposing the paint method of reproducing luma magnesium-based waste to remove the degradation products the Oite, gas constituting the non-oxidizing atmosphere, argon, helium, neon, sulfur hexafluoride, is one or more gases selected from sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, decomposition products of the paint Is a method for reclaiming magnesium-based waste material, characterized in that it is dissolved in an organic solvent and removed .
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to recycle the coated magnesium-based waste material without releasing harmful gas generated from the paint into the atmosphere, so that there is no adverse effect on the environment. The use and usage can be expected to expand. Moreover appropriately selected gas constituting the non-oxidizing atmosphere, because it is removed by dissolving the decomposition products of the paint in an organic solvent, adverse effects on the environment can be more completely eliminated.
[0031]
The magnesium-based waste material from which the paint has been removed may be recycled as it is, but in many cases, the waste material contains foreign matters that are directly linked to shortening the service life. When the magnesium-based waste material from which the paint has been removed is melted and the foreign matter is removed by blowing gas into the molten metal (Claim 2 ) or using a flux (Claim 3 ), the life is extended and the amount of impurities is reduced. Therefore, the fluidity of the molten metal can be improved, the structural defects of the molten metal can be eliminated, and a higher performance magnesium-based material can be regenerated. The temperature at which the paint is decomposed and volatilized by the method of the present invention is generally 500 to 600 ° C., and the melting temperature of the magnesium-based waste material at the time of gas blowing is preferably 600 to 700 ° C. (Claim 4 ). Further, the present invention may be recycled not only by magnesium-based waste material alone but also as a mixture with new metal (Claim 5 ), thereby reducing the amount of foreign matter that floats and facilitating the recycling process. A higher performance magnesium-based material can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an apparatus for decomposing paint that can be used in the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus that can be used for removing foreign substances from magnesium-based waste after paint decomposition.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example.
[Explanation of symbols]
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19168099A JP4004686B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 1999-07-06 | Method for recycling magnesium-based waste |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19168099A JP4004686B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 1999-07-06 | Method for recycling magnesium-based waste |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2001020018A JP2001020018A (en) | 2001-01-23 |
| JP4004686B2 true JP4004686B2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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| JP19168099A Expired - Fee Related JP4004686B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 1999-07-06 | Method for recycling magnesium-based waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3806067B2 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-09 | 富士通株式会社 | Method for removing coating film of coated magnesium alloy material and method for producing magnesium alloy recycled material |
| KR101685006B1 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-12-09 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Method for manufacturing sponge metal |
| CN110564966A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-13 | 山西中城天朗环保工程有限公司 | recycling method of waste magnesium alloy mobile phone and notebook computer shell |
| CN116732349B (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2025-09-30 | 氢储(上海)能源科技有限公司 | A magnesium alloy hydrogen storage material recovery system and method |
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| JP2001020018A (en) | 2001-01-23 |
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