JP4008627B2 - Soil purification agent and soil purification method - Google Patents
Soil purification agent and soil purification method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4008627B2 JP4008627B2 JP21540299A JP21540299A JP4008627B2 JP 4008627 B2 JP4008627 B2 JP 4008627B2 JP 21540299 A JP21540299 A JP 21540299A JP 21540299 A JP21540299 A JP 21540299A JP 4008627 B2 JP4008627 B2 JP 4008627B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機ハロゲン化物により汚染された土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去するための土壌浄化剤、及び有機ハロゲン化物により汚染された土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
機械類の油類除去等の工業的な洗浄には、これまでトリクロロエチレン等の有機ハロゲン化物が大量に使用されてきた。環境汚染の観点から、最近ではこのような有機ハロゲン化物の使用が規制されるようになってきている。しかしながら、既に多量の有機ハロゲン化物が使用されており、このためその土壌汚染あるいは水質汚染も進んでいる。即ち、トリクロロエチレン等の有機ハロゲン化物は、安定で微生物に分解され難く、自然環境に投棄された有機ハロゲン化物は、土壌を汚染するだけでなく、最終的には河川や地下水を汚染し、これが飲料水の原水となることがあり、問題となる。
【0003】
このような有機ハロゲン化物等の揮発性の有機化合物で汚染された土壌を浄化する方法としては、土壌ガス吸引法、地下水揚水法、土壌掘削法等が知られている。土壌ガス吸引法は、不飽和帯に存在する対象物質を強制的に吸引するものであり、ボーリングにより地盤中に吸引用井戸を設置し、真空ポンプによって吸引用井戸内を減圧にし、気化した有機化合物を吸引井戸内に集め、地下に導いて土壌ガス中の有機化合物を活性炭に吸着させるなどの方法によって処理するものである。上記有機化合物による汚染が帯水層にまで及んでいる場合には、吸引用井戸内に水中ポンプを設置し、土壌ガスと同時に揚水して処理する方法が採用される。
【0004】
地下揚水法は、土壌中に揚水井戸を設置し、汚染地下水を揚水して処理する方法である。さらに、土壌掘削法は、汚染土壌を掘削し、掘削した土壌を風力乾燥、加熱処理を施して有機化合物の除去回収を行う方法である。
【0005】
上記のような集められた汚染水、あるいは地下水等の汚染水を浄化する方法としては、例えば特許公報第2636171号に、汚染水中の溶存酸素を除去した後、汚染水を鉄等の金属表面に接触させ、汚染水中に含まれる有機ハロゲン化物を還元除去する方法が開示されている。溶存酸素の除去は、酸素により鉄表面が酸化され、不働態化するのを防止するためで、不働態化すると鉄の還元作用が低下する。このような鉄の還元作用を利用した汚染水の浄化方法は、特開平3−106496号公報、特開平3−30895号公報、特表平6−501521号公報、特開平8−257570号公報、特開平10−263522号公報等にも記載されている。これらの方法はいずれも汚染水を、鉄を含む層、フィルター等の一定部分を通過させて処理を行う方法である。
【0006】
しかしながら、これらの方法は、土壌を直接浄化する方法ではなく、上記土壌ガス吸引法、地下水揚水法等により集められた汚染水、あるいは河川、地下水等の汚染水を浄化する方法であり、対象は極めて大量であり、処理は長期間を要する場合が多い。また処理工程が複雑となる場合が多いのも欠点である。このため、汚染源である土壌を直接簡便に浄化する方法が求められている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌から、直接、効率よくこの有機ハロゲン化物を除去する土壌浄化方法、及びこの方法に有利に利用することができる土壌浄化剤を提供することにある。
【0008】
従来の有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌を浄化する方法は、汚染土壌から汚染水を集め、これを浄化処理するか、土壌そのものを集め浄化処理するものであり、汚染土壌自体を直接、簡便に浄化する方法ではない。
【0009】
本発明者等は、有機ハロゲン化物を還元分解する作用を示す鉄に注目し、これを利用して、上記簡便な浄化方法を開発するため研究を重ねてきた。その研究の中から、鉄を微粒化することにより、土壌内への鉄の浸透を図ると共に、微粒化することに伴う鉄表面の不働態化を防止するため、鉄微粒子表面を親水性バインダーで覆って空気中の酸素と接触を抑制することにより、あるいは不働態化した部分を破壊するNaCl等のハロゲン化物を共存させることにより鉄表面の活性を維持することにより、長期に亘って鉄の有機ハロゲン化物の還元分解作用を保持することが可能となる方法を見出し、本発明に到達したものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去するための土壌浄化剤であって、鉄微粒子及び親水性バインダーを含有する水性懸濁液からなる土壌浄化剤によって達成することができる。この土壌浄化剤は、親水性バインダーが、鉄微粒子の表面にかなり付着しており、汚染土壌に浄化剤を付与した際、酸素との接触が低減され、鉄微粒子の酸化が抑制されるため、鉄微粒子による有機ハロゲン化物の還元作用を長期間発揮することができる。
【0011】
上記鉄微粒子の平均粒径は1〜500μmの範囲にあることが好ましく、上記水性懸濁液が、さらに金属ハロゲン化物を含有していることが好ましく、また上記水性懸濁液が、還元剤として金属硫酸塩(特に硫酸第一鉄)を含有することが好ましい。上記水性懸濁液が、さらに無機炭酸塩又は炭酸塩系鉱物を含有していることが好ましい。また、上記鉄微粒子が、親水性バインダーで被覆されていることが好ましい。
【0013】
前記目的は、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去するための土壌浄化剤であって、表面が親水性バインダーで被覆された鉄微粒子からなる粉末状土壌浄化剤、あるいは、鉄微粒子及び親水性バインダーからなるペレット状土壌浄化剤によっても達成することができる。一般にこれらの浄化剤は水に分散あるいは懸濁させて使用される。これらの浄化剤は、鉄粒子の表面がほぼ完全に覆われており、保存中に空気中の酸素で酸化されることがほとんどない。また汚染土壌に付与した際、酸素との接触がほぼ完全に防止され、鉄微粒子表面の酸化が大きく抑制されるため鉄微粒子による有機ハロゲン化物の還元作用を極めて長期間発揮することができる。
【0014】
上記親水性バインダーの代わりに生分解性ポリマーを用いると二次的な環境汚染に対して特に有効である。
【0015】
また、前記目的は、上記いずれかの土壌浄化剤を、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌に浸透させることからなる汚染土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去する方法により達成することができる。好ましくは、土壌浄化剤の浸透を、土壌浄化剤を土壌表面の略全面に散布することにより行う方法;有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌に、上記の土壌浄化剤を供給するための注入管を挿入し、該土壌浄化剤をその注入管に注入することからなる方法を挙げることができる。このような浄化方法において、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌の表面を、更にシートで覆うこともできる(一般に、シートの覆いは浄化剤注入後に設置される)。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌から有機ハロゲン化物を除去するための土壌浄化剤は、鉄微粒子、及び鉄微粒子表面の酸化を阻害する成分として親水性バインダー、金属ハロゲン化物を含有する基本構成を有する。
【0017】
本発明の浄化の対象となる汚染源は有機ハロゲン化物であり、例えば1,1−ジクロロエチレン、1,2−ジクロロエチレン、トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン、ジクロロメタン、四塩化炭素、1,2−ジクロロメタン、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン、1,1,2−トリクロロエタン、1,1,2,2−テトラクロロエタン、ジクロロジフルオロエタン等を挙げることができる。これらの有機ハロゲン化物は、前述したように鉄の還元作用により、ハロゲンを失って対応する炭化水素となり、土壌より除去されると考えられる。有機ハロゲン化物としては、有機塩化物(有機塩素置換化合物)に特に有効である。
【0018】
本発明では土壌浄化剤を、直接汚染土壌に付与できるように、即ち付与後土壌内に浸透できるように鉄粉としては微粒子のものを使用する。鉄微粒子の平均粒径が1〜500μmの範囲が一般的で、1〜200μmの範囲が好ましく、更に1〜50μmの範囲特に1〜15μmの範囲が好ましい。
【0019】
また、鉄以外の金属であっても、上記還元作用を有する金属であるMn、Mg、Zn、Al、Ti等は併用することができる。
【0020】
微粒子の鉄粉は、表面積が大きく表面に酸化(不働態化)され易いため、本発明ではこれを防止するため親水性バインダーは金属ハロゲン化物と併用され得る。
【0021】
金属ハロゲン化物は、NaCl、KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2等を挙げることができ、特にNaClが好ましい。金属ハロゲン化物は、鉄の水酸化物、酸化物を金属鉄に還元する働きがある。その使用量は、鉄微粒子に対して10〜200重量%が一般的で、10〜50重量%が好ましい。
【0022】
親水性バインダーは、鉄微粒子の表面を覆い、有機ハロゲン化物を還元作用を示すまでに酸化されないように保護する機能を有する。親水性バインダーの例としては、スクロース等の二糖類、スクロース誘導体(例、スクロース高級脂肪酸エステル)、グルコース等の単糖類、アルギン酸;プルラン、PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)、CMC(カルボキシルメチルセルロース)、ポリアクリルアミド、グアガム、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等の水溶性樹脂を挙げることができる。プルラン(水溶液にした際の粘度が低く特に好ましい)、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、スクロース、グルコース、PVAが好ましい。親水性バインダーとして生分解性ポリマーを用いると二次的な環境汚染に対して特に有効である。その使用量は、鉄微粒子に対して10〜200重量%が一般的で、10〜200重量%が好ましい。
【0023】
本発明の土壌浄化剤の一態様は、上記鉄微粒子と、金属ハロゲン化物又は水溶性ポリマー、又は金属ハロゲン化物及び親水性バインダーとを水中に懸濁、あるいは分散させて得られるものである。必要により分散時に界面活性剤を使用することもできる。しかしながら、下記の表面が親水性バインダーで被覆された鉄微粒子からなる粉末状土壌浄化剤、あるいは、鉄微粒子及び親水性バインダーからなるペレット状土壌浄化剤も本発明の土壌浄化剤である。これらは土壌の直接処理でなくとも、固定させて汚染水の浄化処理にも使用できる。上記親水性バインダーの代わりに生分解性ポリマー(例、生分解性ポリカプロラクトン)を用いると二次的な環境汚染に対して特に有効であり、これも本発明の土壌浄化剤である。
【0024】
粉末状土壌浄化剤は、親水性バインダー及び鉄微粒子を含む水性懸濁液あるいは分散液をスプレードライあるいはフリーズドライ法等の通常粉末化に使用される方法により粉末化することにより得られる。フリーズドライの場合は通常更に粉砕する必要がある。ペレット状土壌浄化剤は、親水性バインダー及び鉄微粒子を溶融混合し、溶融状態のままスプレーノズルから射出成形することにより得ることができる。
【0025】
上記水性懸濁液、粉末状、あるいはペレット状の土壌浄化剤は、さらに還元剤として金属硫酸塩(特に硫酸第一鉄)を含有することが好ましい。これは空気中の酸素と反応するため、金属鉄微粒子の表面の酸化を防ぐことができる。
【0026】
上記水性懸濁液等は、さらに無機炭酸塩又は炭酸塩系鉱物を含有していることが好ましい。これらの例としては、炭酸カルシウム、沈降性炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、珊瑚化石石灰岩、石灰岩、ドロマイトを挙げることができ、特に沈降性炭酸カルシウムが好ましい。本発明の土壌浄化剤は微粒子の鉄を使用しているため、土壌内の土壌粒子の間隙に注入することが可能である。しかしながら、微粒子にすることにより地下水等に溶出する可能性も高くなることから、本発明では上記炭酸塩を用いて、溶出した鉄イオンを固定し、これを防止することが好ましい。
【0027】
本発明の水性懸濁液の土壌浄化剤は、前述のように、上記鉄微粒子と、水溶性ポリマー、金属ハロゲン化物又は又は金属ハロゲン化物及び親水性バインダーとを水中に懸濁、あるいは分散させて得られるものである。その際分散に用いる水としては、鉄の酸化を極力抑制する観点から、還元性電解水(pH=7〜12が好ましい)を用いることが好ましい。分散剤として、ナフタレンスルホン酸系等の界面活性剤を使用しても良い。分散剤の使用量は、鉄微粒子に対して0.01〜10重量%が一般的で、0.1〜5重量%が好ましい。また酸化防止剤として有機酸(例、アスコルビン酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸)を使用しても良い。酸化防止剤の使用量は、鉄微粒子に対して0.01〜10重量%が一般的で、0.1〜3重量%が好ましい。
【0028】
土壌浄化剤を用いる本発明の汚染土壌の浄化方法は、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌(地盤)に上記土壌浄化剤を浸透するように付与することにより行われる。好ましくは、土壌浄化剤の浸透を、土壌浄化剤を散布することにより行う方法(1);あるいは有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌に、上記の土壌浄化剤を供給するための注入管を挿入し、該土壌浄化剤をその注入管に注入することからなる方法(2)を挙げることができる。
【0029】
上記方法(2)は、例えば下記のように行うことができる。
【0030】
有機ハロゲン化物で汚染されたの表面にボーリングにより土壌浄化剤を供給するための注入管を設ける。注入管は必要により間隔を隔てて複数設けることができる。土壌浄化剤を供給用注入管に注入する。これにより、汚染土壌内に親水性バインダーで表面が保護された鉄微粒子等が浸透し、有機ハロゲン化物と徐々に接触し、有機ハロゲン化物を分解除去する。注入管で注入する前に、注入管から地下水を排出し、その後土壌浄化剤を注入しても良い。注入液が土壌表面からあふれ出ないように土壌表面に不透水性シート(例、ベントナイトシート)で覆っても良い。あるいは土壌内にシートを埋め込んでも良い。
【0031】
上記浄化方法を例えば下記のように行うことも好ましい。即ち、図1に示すように、汚染土壌の周囲を、地下の不透水性地盤11に至る不通気層12で遮断し、その内側の土壌中に注入管9、必要により通気性柱状部2及び水平通気層4を設置し、これらの上に不通気性のシート6(例、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリウレタン等の高分子からなるシート)で覆い、その周縁部を不通気層の外側で糊材を混入させた埋め戻し土砂からなる不透気層7によって遮断する。上記水平通気層4内には、通気性材3を透過しない大きさの孔の多数からなる多孔管である吸気管5が埋設されている。
【0032】
そして、浄化処理は、例えば、注水管を通して排水し、注入管から本発明の洗浄剤を注入し、必要により減圧して、洗浄剤の拡散と、鉄による還元作用により発生する物質を除去することができる。
【0033】
上記の方法のように、有機ハロゲン化物で汚染された土壌の表面を、不通気性のシートで覆うこと(一般に、シートの覆いは浄化剤注入後に設置される)が好ましく、必要により通気性柱状部(上記発生物質の除去に有用)を設けることができる。
【0034】
土壌に注入する土壌浄化剤中の鉄微粒子の濃度は一般に0.1〜50重量%であり、1〜10重量%が好ましい。また注入量は、一般に土壌1m3当たり鉄微粒子1〜200kgであり、10〜100kgが好ましい。
【0035】
また、上記土壌浄化剤の注入は、鉄微粒子及び親水性バインダーを含有する水性懸濁液からなる土壌浄化剤の注入と、他の材料の注入を分けて行っても良い。またその材料の組合せも適宜行うことができる。例えば、鉄微粒子及び親水性バインダーを含有する水性懸濁液からなる土壌浄化剤を注入後、金属塩化物、還元剤、あるいは炭酸塩等の水溶液、分散液を注入しても良い。
【0036】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
(a)鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有水性懸濁液(土壌浄化剤)
(配合)
鉄微粒子粉末(平均粒径=10μm) 100g
プルラン 10g
分散剤 10g
(ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物ナトリウム塩)
還元性電解水 880g
上記配合の混合物を、容量0.6Lのジルコニアビーズ充填サンドミルで3時間循環させて分散した。これにより鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有水性懸濁液を得た。
【0037】
(b)鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有水性懸濁液(土壌浄化剤)
(配合)
鉄微粒子粉末(平均粒径=50μm) 100g
ヒドロキシエチルセルロース 10g
還元性電解水 890g
上記配合の混合物を、容量0.6Lのジルコニアビーズ充填サンドミルで3時間循環させて分散した。これにより鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有水性懸濁液を得た。
【0038】
(c)鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有粒子状土壌浄化剤
(配合)
鉄微粒子粉末(平均粒径=50μm) 100g
ヒドロキシエチルセルロース 20g
還元性電解水 880g
上記配合の混合物を、容量0.6Lのジルコニアビーズ充填サンドミルで3時間循環させて分散した。分散液を凍結乾燥機によりフリーズドライさせる。得られたものをミキサーで粉砕し、鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有粒子状土壌浄化剤を得た。
【0039】
(d)鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有ペレット状土壌浄化剤
(配合)
鉄微粒子粉末(平均粒径=150μm) 100g
スクロース高級脂肪酸エステル 50g
上記配合の混合物を、ミキサー中で65℃に加熱溶融して30分間攪拌、分散させた。溶融状態のままスプレーノズルから射出成形し、鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有ペレット状土壌浄化剤を得た。
【0040】
(e)鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有粉末状土壌浄化剤
(配合)
鉄微粒子粉末(平均粒径=100μm) 100g
生分解性ポリカプロラクトン 50g
(プラクセルH7、ダイセル化学工業(株)製)
上記配合の混合物を、ミキサー中で90℃で加熱溶融して30分間攪拌、分散させた。溶融状態のままスプレーノズルから射出成形し、次いで粉砕して鉄微粒子/親水性バインダー含有粉末状土壌浄化剤を得た。
【0041】
[実施例2]
実施例1で得た土壌浄化剤(a)〜(e)を、ホモジナイザーで強制的に攪拌しながら還元性電解水で稀釈して、水性懸濁液とした。
【0042】
上記懸濁液をそれぞれ、汚染土壌に注入した。即ち、注入は、汚染土壌100m3、懸濁液の注入量40m3、注入ピッチ(注入管の間隔)1mの条件で行った。この結果、土壌中の4カ所のトリクロロエチレンの濃度が、注入後2週間後に下記のように変化した。
【0043】
土壌浄化剤(a):
(原液)0.18→0.0005未満、0.29→0.0005未満、0.073→0.0005未満、0.031→0.0005未満(単位:ppm)
(原液の2倍濃度液)0.28→0.0005未満、0.014→0.0005未満、0.80→0.0005未満、0.56→0.0005未満(単位:ppm)
土壌浄化剤(b):
(原液)0.29→0.0005未満、0.022→0.0005未満、0.72→0.0005未満、0.67→0.0005未満(単位:ppm)
土壌浄化剤(c):
(原液)1.08→0.0005未満、0.093→0.0005未満、2.30→0.0005未満、1.00→0.0005未満、(単位:ppm)
土壌浄化剤(d):
(原液の10%濃度液)2.11→0.0005未満、0.98→0.0005未満、0.051→0.0005未満、0.008→0.0005未満(単位:ppm)
土壌浄化剤(e):
(原液の10%濃度液)1.77→0.0005未満、0.035→0.0005未満、0.020→0.0005未満、1.29→0.0005未満(単位:ppm)
比較用の土壌浄化剤として鉄粉(平均粒径=10μmのもの)の10%液:
(原液の10%濃度液)0.15→0.0005未満、0.87→0.0008、0.29→0.0005未満、1.03→0.0012(単位:ppm)
【0044】
また、上記土壌中の4カ所のうち最も遠い位置が水平距離2m、深さ2mで、この位置でも浄化剤が有効に作用していたことから、本発明の浄化剤は土壌に対して良好な浸透性を有することが分かる。
【0045】
[実施例3]
70mlのバイアルビンに1200mg/Lの濃度のトリクロロエチレンを含む水を60ml入れ、その上に更に実施例1の(a)又は(b)、又は(a)、(b)それぞれに使用された鉄粉のみを、それぞれ表記の濃度となるように加えた。168時間振とう後のトリクロロエチレンの濃度を下記に示す。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の方法の実施形態の一例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
2 通気性柱状部
3 通気性材
4 水平通気層
5 吸気管
6 不通気性のシート
7 不透気層
9 注入管
11 地下の不透水性地盤
12 不通気層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a soil purification agent for removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides, and a method for removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A large amount of organic halides such as trichlorethylene has been used for industrial cleaning such as oil removal of machinery. From the viewpoint of environmental pollution, the use of such organic halides has recently been regulated. However, a large amount of organic halide has already been used, and as a result, soil contamination or water pollution is also progressing. That is, organic halides such as trichlorethylene are stable and difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms, and organic halides discarded in the natural environment not only contaminate the soil, but ultimately pollute rivers and groundwater, which can be used as beverages. It can become raw water, which is a problem.
[0003]
Known methods for purifying soil contaminated with volatile organic compounds such as organic halides include a soil gas suction method, a groundwater pumping method, and a soil excavation method. The soil gas suction method forcibly sucks the target substances present in the unsaturated zone. A suction well is installed in the ground by boring, and the inside of the suction well is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the vaporized organic The compounds are collected in a suction well, guided to the underground, and treated by a method such as adsorption of organic compounds in soil gas onto activated carbon. When the contamination by the organic compound extends to the aquifer, a method is adopted in which a submersible pump is installed in the suction well and the water is pumped and treated simultaneously with the soil gas.
[0004]
The underground pumping method is a method of setting up a pumping well in soil and pumping up contaminated groundwater. Furthermore, the soil excavation method is a method in which contaminated soil is excavated, and the excavated soil is subjected to wind drying and heat treatment to remove and collect organic compounds.
[0005]
As a method for purifying contaminated water such as the collected contaminated water or groundwater as described above, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2636171, after removing dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water, the contaminated water is applied to a metal surface such as iron. A method for reducing and removing organic halide contained in contaminated water by contacting is disclosed. The removal of dissolved oxygen is to prevent the iron surface from being oxidized and passivated by oxygen, and when it is passivated, the reducing action of iron is reduced. The method for purifying contaminated water using the iron reducing action is disclosed in JP-A-3-106496, JP-A-3-30895, JP-A-6-501521, JP-A-8-257570, It is also described in JP-A-10-263522. In any of these methods, the contaminated water is treated by passing it through a certain portion such as a layer containing iron or a filter.
[0006]
However, these methods are not methods for directly purifying soil, but are methods for purifying contaminated water collected by the soil gas suction method, groundwater pumping method, etc., or contaminated water such as rivers and groundwater. The amount is extremely large, and the treatment often takes a long time. It is also a drawback that the processing steps are often complicated. For this reason, a method for directly and simply purifying soil that is a source of contamination is required.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a soil purification method for efficiently and directly removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides, and a soil purification agent that can be advantageously used in this method. is there.
[0008]
The conventional method of purifying soil contaminated with organic halides is to collect contaminated water from the contaminated soil and purify it, or collect the soil itself and purify it. It is not a way to purify.
[0009]
The inventors of the present invention have paid attention to iron that exhibits the action of reducing and decomposing organic halides, and have made extensive studies to develop the simple purification method using the iron. From the research, by atomizing iron, iron penetration into the soil and prevention of passivation of the iron surface due to atomization were achieved by using a hydrophilic binder on the iron fine particle surface. By maintaining the activity of the iron surface by covering and suppressing contact with oxygen in the air, or by coexisting a halide such as NaCl that destroys the passivated part, the organic nature of iron over a long period of time. The inventors have found a method capable of maintaining the reductive decomposition action of halides and have reached the present invention.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is achieved by a soil purification agent for removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides, which comprises an aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles and a hydrophilic binder. Can do. In this soil purification agent, the hydrophilic binder is considerably attached to the surface of the iron fine particles, and when the purification agent is applied to the contaminated soil, contact with oxygen is reduced, and oxidation of the iron fine particles is suppressed. The reducing action of the organic halide by the iron fine particles can be exhibited for a long time.
[0011]
The average particle size of the iron fine particles is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 μm, the aqueous suspension preferably further contains a metal halide, and the aqueous suspension is used as a reducing agent. It is preferable to contain a metal sulfate (particularly ferrous sulfate). The aqueous suspension preferably further contains an inorganic carbonate or carbonate-based mineral. The iron fine particles are preferably coated with a hydrophilic binder.
[0013]
The object is a soil purification agent for removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides, which is a powdery soil purification agent comprising iron fine particles whose surface is coated with a hydrophilic binder, or iron. It can also be achieved by a pellet-like soil purification agent comprising fine particles and a hydrophilic binder. Generally, these cleaning agents are used by dispersing or suspending them in water. These purifiers almost completely cover the surface of the iron particles and are hardly oxidized by oxygen in the air during storage. Further, when applied to contaminated soil, contact with oxygen is almost completely prevented, and oxidation of the surface of the iron fine particles is greatly suppressed, so that the reduction action of the organic halide by the iron fine particles can be exerted for a very long time.
[0014]
Use of a biodegradable polymer instead of the hydrophilic binder is particularly effective against secondary environmental contamination.
[0015]
The object can be achieved by a method for removing organic halides from contaminated soil, which comprises impregnating one of the above-mentioned soil purification agents into soil contaminated with organic halides. Preferably, the soil purification agent is infiltrated by spraying the soil purification agent over substantially the entire surface of the soil; an injection pipe for supplying the soil purification agent to the soil contaminated with the organic halide. There may be mentioned a method consisting of inserting and pouring the soil purification agent into the injection tube. In such a purification method, the surface of the soil contaminated with the organic halide can be further covered with a sheet (generally, the cover of the sheet is installed after injection of the purification agent).
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The soil purification agent for removing organic halides from soil contaminated with organic halides according to the present invention contains iron fine particles and hydrophilic binders and metal halides as components that inhibit oxidation of iron fine particle surfaces. Has a basic configuration.
[0017]
The contamination source to be purified according to the present invention is an organic halide such as 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloromethane, 1,1,1. -Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and the like can be mentioned. These organic halides are thought to be removed from the soil by losing the halogen to the corresponding hydrocarbons due to the reducing action of iron as described above. The organic halide is particularly effective for organic chlorides (organic chlorine-substituted compounds).
[0018]
In the present invention, fine particles are used as the iron powder so that the soil purification agent can be directly applied to the contaminated soil, that is, so that it can penetrate into the soil after application. The average particle diameter of the iron fine particles is generally in the range of 1 to 500 μm, preferably in the range of 1 to 200 μm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 50 μm, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 15 μm.
[0019]
Moreover, even if it is metals other than iron, Mn, Mg, Zn, Al, Ti etc. which are the metals which have the said reduction | restoration effect | action can be used together.
[0020]
Since fine iron powder has a large surface area and is easily oxidized (passivated) on the surface, a hydrophilic binder can be used in combination with a metal halide in the present invention to prevent this.
[0021]
Examples of the metal halide include NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 , and NaCl is particularly preferable. Metal halides have the function of reducing iron hydroxide and oxide to metallic iron. The amount used is generally 10 to 200% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, based on the iron fine particles.
[0022]
The hydrophilic binder has a function of covering the surface of the iron fine particles and protecting the organic halide from being oxidized before exhibiting a reducing action. Examples of hydrophilic binders include disaccharides such as sucrose, sucrose derivatives (eg, sucrose higher fatty acid esters), monosaccharides such as glucose, alginic acid; pullulan, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), CMC (carboxyl methylcellulose), polyacrylamide, Mention may be made of water-soluble resins such as guar gum, methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose. Pullulan (particularly preferred because of its low viscosity when made into an aqueous solution), hydroxyethyl cellulose, sucrose, glucose, and PVA are preferred. The use of a biodegradable polymer as the hydrophilic binder is particularly effective against secondary environmental pollution. The amount used is generally 10 to 200% by weight, preferably 10 to 200% by weight, based on the iron fine particles.
[0023]
One aspect of the soil purification agent of the present invention is obtained by suspending or dispersing the above-mentioned iron fine particles and a metal halide or a water-soluble polymer, or a metal halide and a hydrophilic binder in water. If necessary, a surfactant can be used at the time of dispersion. However, a powdery soil purification agent comprising iron fine particles whose surfaces are coated with a hydrophilic binder, or a pellet-like soil purification agent comprising iron fine particles and a hydrophilic binder is also a soil purification agent of the present invention. These can be fixed and used for purification of contaminated water, even if they are not directly treated by soil. When a biodegradable polymer (eg, biodegradable polycaprolactone) is used in place of the hydrophilic binder, it is particularly effective against secondary environmental pollution, and this is also the soil purification agent of the present invention.
[0024]
The powdery soil cleaning agent is obtained by pulverizing an aqueous suspension or dispersion containing a hydrophilic binder and iron fine particles by a method usually used for pulverization such as spray drying or freeze drying. In the case of freeze drying, it is usually necessary to further grind. The pellet-like soil purification agent can be obtained by melt-mixing a hydrophilic binder and iron fine particles, and injection-molding from a spray nozzle in a molten state.
[0025]
It is preferable that the above-mentioned aqueous suspension, powdery or pellet-like soil purification agent further contains a metal sulfate (particularly ferrous sulfate) as a reducing agent. Since this reacts with oxygen in the air, it is possible to prevent the surface of the metal iron fine particles from being oxidized.
[0026]
The aqueous suspension or the like preferably further contains an inorganic carbonate or carbonate-based mineral. Examples of these include calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, fossil limestone, limestone, and dolomite, and precipitated calcium carbonate is particularly preferable. Since the soil purification agent of the present invention uses fine particle iron, it can be injected into the gap between soil particles in the soil. However, since the possibility of leaching into groundwater and the like is increased by using fine particles, it is preferable in the present invention to fix the eluted iron ions and prevent this by using the carbonate.
[0027]
As described above, the aqueous suspension soil purification agent of the present invention is obtained by suspending or dispersing the above-mentioned iron fine particles and a water-soluble polymer, a metal halide, or a metal halide and a hydrophilic binder in water. It is obtained. In this case, it is preferable to use reducing electrolyzed water (preferably pH = 7 to 12) from the viewpoint of suppressing iron oxidation as much as possible. A surfactant such as naphthalene sulfonic acid may be used as the dispersant. The amount of the dispersant used is generally 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the iron fine particles. An organic acid (eg, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid) may be used as an antioxidant. The amount of the antioxidant used is generally 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the iron fine particles.
[0028]
The method for purifying contaminated soil of the present invention using a soil purification agent is performed by applying the soil purification agent so as to penetrate into the soil (ground) contaminated with an organic halide. Preferably, the soil purification agent is permeated by spraying the soil purification agent (1); or an injection pipe for supplying the soil purification agent is inserted into the soil contaminated with the organic halide. And a method (2) comprising injecting the soil purification agent into the injection tube.
[0029]
The said method (2) can be performed as follows, for example.
[0030]
An injection tube is provided for supplying soil cleaner by boring on the surface contaminated with organic halides. If necessary, a plurality of injection tubes can be provided at intervals. Inject the soil cleaner into the supply tube. As a result, iron fine particles whose surface is protected with a hydrophilic binder penetrates into the contaminated soil, and gradually comes into contact with the organic halide to decompose and remove the organic halide. Before injecting with an injection pipe, ground water may be discharged from the injection pipe and then a soil purification agent may be injected. The soil surface may be covered with a water-impermeable sheet (eg, bentonite sheet) so that the injected solution does not overflow from the soil surface. Alternatively, a sheet may be embedded in the soil.
[0031]
It is also preferable to carry out the purification method as described below, for example. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the periphery of the contaminated soil is blocked by an
[0032]
And the purification treatment is, for example, draining through the water injection pipe, injecting the cleaning agent of the present invention from the injection pipe, and reducing the pressure if necessary to remove substances generated by the diffusion of the cleaning agent and the reducing action by iron. Can do.
[0033]
As in the above method, it is preferable to cover the surface of soil contaminated with organic halides with a non-breathable sheet (generally, the cover of the sheet is installed after the injection of the cleaning agent), and if necessary, a breathable columnar shape. Part (useful for removal of the generated substance) can be provided.
[0034]
Generally the density | concentration of the iron fine particle in the soil purifier inject | poured into soil is 0.1 to 50 weight%, and 1 to 10 weight% is preferable. Further, the injection amount is generally 1 to 200 kg of iron fine particles per 1 m 3 of soil, and preferably 10 to 100 kg.
[0035]
Moreover, the injection of the soil purification agent may be performed separately from the injection of the soil purification agent composed of an aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles and a hydrophilic binder and the injection of other materials. Combinations of the materials can also be performed as appropriate. For example, after injecting a soil purification agent comprising an aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles and a hydrophilic binder, an aqueous solution or dispersion of a metal chloride, a reducing agent, carbonate or the like may be injected.
[0036]
【Example】
[Example 1]
(A) Iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder-containing aqueous suspension (soil purification agent)
(Combination)
Iron fine particle powder (average particle size = 10 μm) 100 g
Pullulan 10g
Dispersant 10g
(Naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate sodium salt)
Reducing electrolyzed water 880g
The mixture having the above composition was circulated for 3 hours in a 0.6 L zirconia bead filled sand mill and dispersed. As a result, an aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder was obtained.
[0037]
(B) Aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder (soil cleaner)
(Combination)
Iron fine particle powder (average particle size = 50 μm) 100 g
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 10g
890 g of reducing electrolyzed water
The mixture having the above composition was circulated for 3 hours in a 0.6 L zirconia bead filled sand mill and dispersed. As a result, an aqueous suspension containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder was obtained.
[0038]
(C) Iron particulate / hydrophilic binder-containing particulate soil cleaner (formulation)
Iron fine particle powder (average particle size = 50 μm) 100 g
20g hydroxyethylcellulose
Reducing electrolyzed water 880g
The mixture having the above composition was circulated for 3 hours in a 0.6 L zirconia bead filled sand mill and dispersed. Freeze-dry the dispersion with a freeze dryer. The obtained product was pulverized with a mixer to obtain a particulate soil purification agent containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder.
[0039]
(D) Iron particulate / hydrophilic binder-containing pellet-shaped soil cleaner (formulation)
Iron fine particle powder (average particle size = 150 μm) 100 g
50g sucrose fatty acid ester
The mixture having the above composition was heated and melted at 65 ° C. in a mixer and stirred and dispersed for 30 minutes. In the molten state, injection molding was performed from a spray nozzle to obtain a pellet-like soil purification agent containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder.
[0040]
(E) Powdery soil cleanser containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder (formulation)
Iron fine particle powder (average particle size = 100 μm) 100 g
Biodegradable polycaprolactone 50g
(Placcel H7, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
The mixture having the above composition was heated and melted at 90 ° C. in a mixer and stirred and dispersed for 30 minutes. In a molten state, injection molding was performed from a spray nozzle, and then pulverized to obtain a powdery soil purification agent containing iron fine particles / hydrophilic binder.
[0041]
[Example 2]
The soil purification agents (a) to (e) obtained in Example 1 were diluted with reducing electrolyzed water while forcibly stirring with a homogenizer to obtain an aqueous suspension.
[0042]
Each of the suspensions was poured into contaminated soil. That is, the injection was performed under the conditions of contaminated soil 100 m 3 , the suspension injection amount 40 m 3 , and the injection pitch (injection pipe interval) 1 m. As a result, the concentration of trichlorethylene at four locations in the soil changed as follows two weeks after the injection.
[0043]
Soil purification agent (a):
(Undiluted solution) 0.18 → less than 0.0005, 0.29 → less than 0.0005, 0.073 → less than 0.0005, 0.031 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
(Dual concentration of stock solution) 0.28 → less than 0.0005, 0.014 → less than 0.0005, 0.80 → less than 0.0005, 0.56 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
Soil purification agent (b):
(Stock solution) 0.29 → less than 0.0005, 0.022 → less than 0.0005, 0.72 → less than 0.0005, 0.67 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
Soil purification agent (c):
(Undiluted solution) 1.08 → less than 0.0005, 0.093 → less than 0.0005, 2.30 → less than 0.0005, 1.00 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
Soil purification agent (d):
(10% concentration solution of stock solution) 2.11 → less than 0.0005, 0.98 → less than 0.0005, 0.051 → less than 0.0005, 0.008 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
Soil purification agent (e):
(10% concentration of stock solution) 1.77 → less than 0.0005, 0.035 → less than 0.0005, 0.020 → less than 0.0005, 1.29 → less than 0.0005 (unit: ppm)
10% solution of iron powder (average particle size = 10 μm) as a soil cleaner for comparison:
(10% concentration solution of stock solution) 0.15 to less than 0.0005, 0.87 to 0.0008, 0.29 to less than 0.0005, 1.03 to 0.0012 (unit: ppm)
[0044]
Moreover, since the farthest position among the four places in the soil is a horizontal distance of 2 m and a depth of 2 m, and the purifying agent was effectively acting at this position, the purifying agent of the present invention is good for the soil. It turns out that it has permeability.
[0045]
[Example 3]
60 ml of water containing trichlorethylene at a concentration of 1200 mg / L is placed in a 70 ml vial, and iron powder used in each of (a) or (b), or (a) and (b) of Example 1 Were added so as to obtain the indicated concentrations. The concentration of trichlorethylene after shaking for 168 hours is shown below.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of a method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Breathable Column 3 Breathable Material 4 Horizontal Breathing Layer 5 Intake Pipe 6 Impervious Sheet 7 Impervious Layer 9
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21540299A JP4008627B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Soil purification agent and soil purification method |
| US09/806,348 US6596190B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Remediation agent for contaminated soil and method for the remediation of soil |
| PCT/JP2000/005111 WO2001008825A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Soil purification agent and method for purifying soil |
| EP00948320A EP1151807A4 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | SOIL PURIFYING AGENT AND SOIL PURIFYING METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21540299A JP4008627B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Soil purification agent and soil purification method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001038341A JP2001038341A (en) | 2001-02-13 |
| JP4008627B2 true JP4008627B2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP21540299A Expired - Lifetime JP4008627B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Soil purification agent and soil purification method |
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| JP (1) | JP4008627B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002282834A (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-02 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | Soil purification agent and soil purification method |
| EP1486463B1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2016-08-10 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Iron composite particles, methods of producing the same and of purifying soil or ground water using the same |
| JP5291315B2 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2013-09-18 | Dowaエコシステム株式会社 | Organochlorine compound decomposing agent and purification method |
| JP6077235B2 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2017-02-08 | 株式会社大林組 | In-situ treatment method for contaminated ground |
| JP6274721B2 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2018-02-07 | 株式会社大林組 | Purification material and method for purification of contaminated soil or contaminated groundwater contaminated with organochlorine compounds |
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