JP4010907B2 - Method for producing fermented plant and lactic acid fermented product - Google Patents
Method for producing fermented plant and lactic acid fermented product Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、沖縄に自生し得るミカン科植物やキク科植物等を、乳酸菌、酵母、枯草菌等により発酵させる発酵処理植物の製造方法や発酵処理植物、これを含有する食品素材や食品に関し、より詳しくはニガナやシークワーサーを使用した乳酸発酵処理物等に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ニガナはキク科ニガナ属に属する多年草で、葉や茎に苦味のある白い乳液を含み、山地や野原にごく普通に植生し、沖縄でもよく見られる。ニガナは血液中に存在するペプチドのアンジオテイシンIが酵素の作用によりアンジオテイシンIIへ変換されるのを抑制する機能(ACE活性阻害機能)を有する成分を含有し、これにより血圧上昇抑制効果を奏することが知られているが、食材としてはその渋味やえぐ味により利用されていない。
また、シークワーサーは、和名をヒラミレモンとする奄美以南に自生するミカン科の常緑低木であり、沖縄では馴染みの植物であり、その果実はスダチや、カボスに似た緑色の外果皮を有し、果汁は独特の酸味を有し、飲料や、食物の調味に利用されている。果汁にはノビレチンやタンジェレチンなどのフラボノイド等の成分が大量に含まれ、疲労回復、高血圧、糖尿、美肌等に効果があると言われているが、外果皮は渋味やえぐ味を有するため、食材として活用されてはいない。
【0003】
一方、特開平6−225723号公報には、ニガナ全草等を凍結乾燥後、その粉砕した粉砕物を水抽出して得られた抽出物を含み、且つアンジオテイシン変換酵素の存在下において、アンジオテイシンIからアンジオテイシンIIの変換抑制機能(ACE活性阻害機能)を有する食品添加剤が記載されている。しかしながら、この食品添加剤はニガナ全草を乾燥、水抽出したものであり、ニガナそのものを食材とするのと基本的には何ら変わるものではなく、食味が改良された食品素材として利用するには問題があった。
【0004】
また、特開2001−333733号公報には、ヒラミレモン等の植物の乾燥粉末または抽出物を有効成分とするα−アミラーゼ活性を阻害する物質が記載され、特開平10−108654号公報には、サトウキビの原液と、ヒラミレモン等の植物原液とを混合してなるサトウキビの原液を含む飲料が記載され、特開平8−238058号公報には、白砂糖やさらし水飴などの飴基材をヒラミレモンの果汁に溶かして煮詰めたものに、紅芋をアルファー化して乾燥した粉末を混合する紅芋飴の製造法等が記載され、特開平7−167538号公報には、煮出し成分を抽出した薬草液にヒラミレモン、酢を調合混入し分離を防ぎ、次に水、甘味、果汁を混入し適度な味付をし製氷する薬草入り氷の製造方法が記載されている。しかしながら、これらの食品素材等もシークワーサー(ヒラミレモン)の乾燥粉末又は抽出物を利用したり、果汁に添加物を加え食味を改良したものであり、シークワーサーそのものを食品とし、又は、シークワーサーそのものを食品素材とするのと基本的には何ら変わるものではない。
【0005】
また、特開2000−245382号公報には、果皮ならびに果実をペクチナーゼなど分解酵素処理後粉砕液状化し、こうじかびおよび酵母菌などで発酵させて作る柑橘類食品素材の製造方法等が記載されて、特表2001−504510号公報には、化粧品に適合しうる微生物培養物、又はbifidobacterium属のバクテリア等の不活性化培養物を、精油油及び酸と混合した化粧剤が記載されている。しかしながら、特開2000−245382号公報記載の柑橘類食品素材の製造方法は、柑橘類の香味を失うことなく果皮を食材として利用するものであり、乳酸菌を用いて発酵させるものではなく、特表2001−504510号公報記載の化粧剤は、微生物培養物としては酢酸菌若しくは乳酸菌、凍結乾燥した酵母、微生物の縣濁液、発酵した有機物、例えば花粉、好ましくは発酵した花粉から選択された微生物の培養物が用いられ、特表2001−504510号公報には乳酸菌による柑橘類の発酵物については全く記載されていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、抗酸化活性や血圧上昇抑制作用を有する成分を含有しながら食味に劣るため利用されていなかった沖縄に自生しうるキク科植物やミカン科植物の有効利用を図り、植物を発酵処理することにより、食味を改善し、且つ植物そのものより抗酸化活性や血圧上昇抑制作用を強化させ、有効ミネラル成分が増加した発酵処理植物の製造方法や、食品素材や食品、特に沖縄に多く自生しているニガナやシークワーサーの有効活用を図った乳酸発酵処理物を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、沖縄に自生する植物について、抗酸化活性作用等を有する有効成分を含有しながらその苦味や、えぐ味等の食味の点から食材として利用されていない植物の有効利用を図る研究を行ない、その葉に多量のポリフェノールを含有し糖類分解酵素であるα−アミラーゼ阻害活性等の抗酸化性作用を有するグアバについて、発酵させた葉が薬効を増進しつつ渋味やえぐ味を抑制し食味が改善されることを見い出し、発酵させたグアバの葉を含む発酵食材を既に開発した(特願2001−63142号)。本発明者らは、更なる植物資源の有効利用を図るべく、鋭意研究の結果、ニガナ等のキク科植物の葉やシークワーサー等のミカン科植物の外果皮等の乳酸菌等による発酵処理物は食味が向上され、摂取しやすくなると共に、抗酸化性を有する有効成分のケルセチンの含量が増加し抗酸化作用が増加し、更に血圧上昇抑制作用が強化されることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
すなわち本発明は、(1)沖縄に自生しうるシークワーサー( Citrus depressa )又はニガナ( Ixeris dentata )を乾燥して粉砕し、該粉砕物に炭水化物及び/又は蛋白質を添加し、加水処理して、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム( Lactobacillus plantarum )、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス( Storeptococcus. thermophilus )及びバシルス・ズブチルス( Bacillus. subtilis )の混合菌を使用して発酵させ、抗酸化活性及び血圧上昇抑制活性が増加したことを特徴とする発酵処理物や、(2)炭水化物が、糖蜜であることを特徴とする(1)記載の発酵処理物及び(3)蛋白質が、米ぬか及び/又はふすまであることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)記載の発酵処理物に関する。
【0009】
また本発明は、(4)沖縄に自生しうるシークワーサー( Citrus depressa )又はニガナ( Ixeris dentata )を乾燥して粉砕し、該粉砕物に炭水化物及び/又は蛋白質を添加し、加水処理して、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム( Lactobacillus plantarum )、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス( Storeptococcus. thermophilus )及びバシルス・ズブチルス( Bacillus. subtilis )の混合菌を使用して発酵させ、抗酸化活性及び血圧上昇抑制活性を増加させる発酵工程と、発酵後の処理物を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、を含むことを特徴とする発酵処理物の製造方法や、(5)炭水化物が、糖蜜であることを特徴とする(4)記載の発酵処理物の製造方法及び(6)蛋白質が、米ぬか及び/又はふすまであることを特徴とする(4)又は(5)記載の発酵処理物の製造方法に関する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法は、沖縄に自生しうるミカン科(Rutaceae)植物及び/又はキク科(Asteraceae)植物を、乳酸菌、乳酸菌と酵母、乳酸菌と枯草菌、又は乳酸菌と酵母と枯草菌を用いて発酵させる方法であれば特に制限されるものではなく、上記沖縄に自生しうる植物の中でも、沖縄に自生しているミカン科及び/又はキク科の植物を好適に例示することができる。上記沖縄に自生しうるミカン科の植物としては、沖縄に自生しうるミカン科に属するものであれば、ミカン属、キハダ属、サンショウ属等いずれの属に属するものでもあってもよいが、ミカン属に属する植物が好ましく、例えば、シークワーサー(Citrus depressa Hayata)、ウンシュウミカン(Citrus unshiu)、イヨカン(Citrus iyo)、グレープフルーツ(Citrus paradisi)、 ナツミカン(Citrus natsudaidai)、ユズ(Citrus junos)、ライム(Citrus aurantifolia)、レモン(Citrus limon)等を挙げることができ、このうち特にシークワーサーが好ましい。これらの植物の発酵処理の対象となる部分は、葉、根等であってもよいが、特に、果実が好適であり、このうち果皮が好ましく、果汁を利用した残りの外果皮が特に好ましく、これらは生体であっても、乾燥体であってもよい。
【0011】
また、本発明における沖縄に自生しうるキク科植物としては、沖縄に自生しうるキク科に属するものであれば、ニガナ属、シュンギク属、ヨメナ属、ヨモギ属等いずれの属に属するものであってもよく、例えば、ニガナ(Ixeris dentata)、シュンギク(Chrysanthemum coronarium)、ヨメナ(Kalimeris yomena)、ヨモギ(Artemisia princeps)等を例示することができ、これらのうち特にニガナが好ましい。これらの植物体の発酵処理の対象となる部分としては、全草であっても、また、葉、茎、根、花等、特定の部分であってもよく、これらは生体であっても乾燥体であってもよいが、特に、葉が好ましい。
【0012】
本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法において、ミカン科植物及び/又はキク科植物を基材として発酵処理するために使用される微生物としては、乳酸菌、酵母、枯草菌を挙げることができ、これらを単独又は2種以上を適宜組み合わせて使用することもできるが、これらのうち乳酸菌を用いることが必要であり、乳酸菌単独、乳酸菌と酵母、乳酸菌と枯草菌、又は、乳酸菌と酵母と枯草菌の組み合わせとして使用することができる。
【0013】
本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法に用いられる乳酸菌としては、ストレプトコッカス属(Storeptococcus)、ラクトバシルス属(Lactobacillus)、ロイコノストック属(Leuconostoc)、ペディオコッカス属(Pediococcus)、ビフィドバクテリウム属(Bifidobacterium)又はテトラジェノコッカス属(Tetragenococcus)のいずれかに属する菌が好ましく、特にラクトバシルス属が好ましい。上記ストレプトコッカス属に属する菌としては、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(S. thermophilus)であることが好ましく、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルスIFO13957菌株を具体的に例示することができる。また、ラクトバシリルス属に属する菌としては、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム(L. plantrum)、ラクトバシルス・デルブリッキ(L. delbruckii)、ラクトバシルス・ペントサス(L. pentosus)又はラクトバシルス・カセイ(L. casei)のいずれかに属する菌であることが好ましく、これらの菌のうち、特にラクトバシルス・プランタリムが好ましい。かかるラクトバシルス・プランタリムとしてIFO14712菌株やIFO14713菌株を、ラクトバシルス・デルブリッキとしてIFO13953菌株を、ラクトバシルス・ペントサスとしてIFO12011菌株を、ラクトバシルス・カセイとしてIFO15883菌株を、それぞれ具体的に例示することができる。また、テトラジェノコッカス属に属する菌としては、テトラジェノ・ハロフィルス(T. halophilus)であることが好ましく、テトラジェノ・ハロフィルスIFO12172菌株を具体的に例示することができる。これら乳酸菌は、ミカン科植物及び/又はキク科植物の乾物1gあたり、通常103〜107個、特に106〜107個用いることが好ましい。
【0014】
また、本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法において用いられる酵母は、主として香りの改善のために添加され、かかる酵母としては、カンジダ属(Candida)又はサッカロマイセス属(Saccharomyces)に属する菌が好ましい。かかるカンジダ属に属する菌として、カンジダ・ビルサチルス(Candida versatilis)であることが好ましく、カンジダ・ビルサチルスとしてIFO10038菌株を具体的に例示することができる。サッカロマイセス属に属する菌として、サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエ(S. cerevisiae)であることが好ましく、サッカロマイセス・セレビシアエとしてIFO0555菌株を具体的に例示することができる。これら酵母菌は、ミカン科植物及び/又はキク科植物の乾物1gあたり、通常103〜107個、特に106〜107個用いることが好ましい。
【0015】
更に、本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法において用いられる枯草菌としては、バシルス・ズブチルス(B. subtilis)IFO3013菌株を具体的に例示することができる。これら枯草菌は、ミカン科植物及び/又はキク科植物の乾物1gあたり、通常103〜107個、特に106〜107個用いることが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法において、好ましく用いられる微生物群としては、乳酸菌、酵母及び枯草菌を含む微生物群が好ましく、これら微生物群の中でも、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス、バシルス・ズブチルスの混合菌であることが好ましく、これらはミカン科植物及び/又はキク科植物の乾物に対し、菌数として同数を使用することが好ましい。このような菌数の組合せにおいて菌を使用することにより、発酵時間の短縮を図り、ひいては雑菌の繁殖を抑制することができる。
【0017】
本発明の発酵植物の製造方法においては、上記ミカン科植物の葉、花、果実や、キク科植物の葉、茎、根、花あるいは全草等の生体又は乾燥体を、3mm以下、好ましくは0.5〜1.0mmの粒径まで粉砕する。3mm以下の粒径とすることにより、発酵菌との接触面積を十分に確保することができ、発酵を効果的に進行させることができ、0.5〜1.0mmの範囲の粒径であれば、かかる効果がより顕著に得られる。このような植物の粉砕物に、発酵の進行を促進するため、乾物1重量部に対し、2〜10重量部、特に5重量部程度の水分を添加することが好ましい。かかる粉砕植物に、上述の菌又は菌群を添加する。菌群は各々菌を培養後、培地へ添加する前に予め混合し、乾燥体である場合の植物の重量に対して、1〜10重量%添加することが好ましい。発酵は、温度20〜50℃、好ましくは40℃で行なわれることが好ましく、発酵時間は、pHや、菌数等の条件による発酵の進行状況や、嗜好により適宜選択することができ、例えば、pH4〜5、菌数106以上であれば、ニガナ等のキク科植物の全草では約72時間、シークワーサー等のミカン科植物の外果皮では約24時間とするのが好ましい。発酵処理時、必要に応じてエアレーションや脱酸素処理を行なうことができるが、脱酸素処理後に静置培養において発酵させることができる。発酵形式は、液体培養でなく固体培養が好ましい。
【0018】
かかる発酵処理において、発酵菌の資化剤として炭水化物や蛋白質を添加することができる。資化剤としての炭水化物は市販のブドウ糖、蔗糖、廃糖蜜等の糖が好ましく、これらの添加量としては培地当たり1〜10重量%が好ましく、特に3重量%前後が適当である。資化剤としての蛋白質は米糠、ふすま等が好ましく、これらの添加量としては培地当たり1〜5重量%が好ましい。これらの資化剤は1種を単独で、又は2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
【0019】
発酵終了後、乾燥機により水分値が10重量%以下となるように乾燥することが好ましく、乾燥方法としては、加熱乾燥や凍結乾燥によることができ、加熱乾燥の場合は、品温が100℃以下で行われることが、生理活性成分の失活を防止することができるため好ましい。乾燥後、必要に応じて加熱等公知の方法により滅菌処理を行ない、食品素材や、エキスの原料として使用される発酵処理植物が得られる。
【0020】
本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られる本発明の乳酸発酵処理物は、ニガナ(Ixeris dentata)の乳酸発酵処理物であって、ケルセチン含量が10重量%以上であることを特徴とする。乳酸発酵処理植物のケルセチンの含量は、未発酵植物に含有されるケルセチン配糖体が発酵菌により加水分解を受け、アグリコンである抗酸化活性作用を有するケルセチンが生成される。このため、ニガナの乳酸発酵処理物においては、ケルセチンに起因する抗酸化活性が増大する。発酵前よりケルセチンの含有量が10%以上、特に15%以上増大したものが好ましい。尚、ケルセチンの含有量の測定は、100%エタノールで抽出し、高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した値である。
【0021】
また、本発明の乳酸発酵処理物として、ニガナを発酵処理物とする場合は発酵処理物としては、全草であっても、また、葉、茎、根、花等、特定の部分であってもよく、これらは生体であっても乾燥体であってもよいが、特に、乳酸発酵処理物として葉の処理物が好ましい。かかるニガナの発酵処理物はpHが5以下であることが、発酵の進行の程度との関係において好ましい。
【0022】
また、本発明の乳酸発酵処理物として、シークワーサーを発酵処理物とする場合は発酵処理物としては、葉、根等であってもよいが、特に、果実が好適であり、このうち果皮の処理物が好ましく、果汁を利用した残りの外果皮が特に好ましく、これらは生体であっても、乾燥体であってもよい。かかるシークワーサーの発酵処理物はpHが3.7以下であることが、発酵の進行の程度との関係において好ましい。
【0023】
本発明の乳酸発酵処理物は抗酸化活性が発酵前より強化される。抗酸化活性の強度はβカロチン法、DPPH法、ロダン鉄法等により測定することができる。ここで、βカロチン法とは、容易に酸化されることにより黄色が退色して透明になるβカロチンを利用した測定法であって、βカロチンとリノール酸及びサンプルの混合液を自動酸化させ、その退色の度合いを測定することにより抗酸化活性の強度を測定する方法であり、βカロチンの黄色が退色しなければそのサンプルには抗酸化活性があると判断できる。また、DPPH法とは、2,2−ジフェニル−1−ピクリルヒドラジルを利用したラジカル消去能の測定による方法であり、ロダン鉄法とは、リノール酸の自動酸化の度合いを分光光度計(500nm)で測定する方法である。
本発明の乳酸発酵処理物として、ニガナについては、熱水抽出法で測定した抗酸化活性が発酵処理前と比較して30%以上、特に40%以上強化されたものであることが好ましい。また、シークワーサーについては、βカロチン法で測定した抗酸化活性が発酵処理前と比較して10%以上、特に20%以上強化されたものであることが好ましい。
【0024】
また、本発明の乳酸発酵処理物において、未発酵植物と比較して血圧上昇抑制効果が向上される。これは、本発明により得られる発酵処理植物について、ACE(Angiotensin I Converting enzyme)阻害活性が未発酵植物より増加することに起因する。ACEは、アンギオテンシンIをアンギオテンシンIIへ変換するのに係わるアンギオテンシンI変換酵素であり、アンギオテンシンIIは血圧を上昇させるホルモンであるところから、ACEの活性を阻害することにより、血圧上昇を予防することが可能となる。ニガナについては、発酵前より20%以上、特に30%以上増大されたものが好ましく、シークワーサーについては、発酵前より10%以上、特に15%以上増大されたものが好ましい。尚、血圧上昇抑制効果の測定は熱水抽出法により測定した値であり、熱水抽出法とは、80℃の水で抽出したサンプルをACEに添加し、これに塩化ナトリウムを含むホウ酸緩衝液に溶解した馬尿酸誘導体であるHippuryl L-histidyl L-leucineを添加して遊離する馬尿酸量を測定し、コントロールとして水を用いた場合の生成比として求める方法である。
【0025】
また、本発明の発酵処理植物は未発酵植物より糖分の含有量が減少し、ミネラルの含量量が増加する。これは、未発酵植物や資化材に含まれる糖分が発酵菌により資化されることにより、発酵処理植物は未発酵植物よりその糖分の含有割合が減少するためである。
ミカン科植物や、キク科植物に含有される糖分としては、還元性を有するオリゴ糖、キシロース、グルコース等の還元糖と、還元性を有しない非還元糖とがあるが、還元糖については、アルカリ性銅・過マンガン酸カリウム滴定法(Bertrand法)、アルカリ性銅・ヨウ素滴定法(Somogyi法)、アルカリ性銅・モリブデン酸法(Somogyi−Nelson法)等のアルカリ性酒石酸銅を用いる定量方法により含有量を定量することができ、還元糖と非還元糖の合計の全糖量は、フェノール・硫酸法、ナフトール・硫酸法(Molish法)、ナフトレゾルシン・塩酸法、レゾルシン・塩酸法(Seliwanoff法)、アンスロン・硫酸法、フロログルシン・硫酸法、オルシン・塩化第二鉄・硫酸法等のフェノール性化合物と、強酸及び糖から生成されるフルフラール又はヒドロキシメチルフルフラールとの反応生成物を定量する方法により定量することができる。また、非還元糖の含有量は、上記方法により求められる全糖量の含有量から還元糖の含有量を減ずることにより求めることができる。
【0026】
このような効果を有する本発明により得られる発酵処理植物は、食品素材としては発酵処理植物自体や、飲用水に抽出したエキスから作製するタブレット、顆粒、カプセル等や、ティーバック、ペットボトル、缶、ドリンク剤用の茶葉を挙げることができる。また、発酵処理植物自体や抽出したエキスから作製する顆粒等をふりかけ等の食品素材として利用したり、健康食品として利用することもできる。また、かかるエキスや顆粒を飲用水や、ジュース等に溶解した飲料や、パン、ケーキ、煎餅などの焼き菓子、羊羹などの和菓子、冷菓、チューインガム等のパン・菓子類や、うどん、そば等の麺類や、かまぼこ、ハム、魚肉ソーセージ等の魚肉練り製品や、みそ、しょう油、ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、甘味料等の調味類や、チーズ、バター等の乳製品や、豆腐、こんにゃく、その他佃煮等の各種総菜へ配合して食品として使用することができる。
【0027】
また、本発明の乳酸発酵処理物のエキス等を抗酸化活性組成物や、血圧上昇抑制組成物等の医薬品として用いることもでき、その場合は、薬学的に許容される通常の担体、結合剤、安定化剤、賦形剤、希釈剤、pH緩衝剤、崩壊剤、可溶化剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤などの各種調剤用配合成分を添加することができる。またこれら予防若しくは治療剤は、経口的又は非経口的に投与することができる。すなわち通常用いられる投与形態、例えば粉末、顆粒、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、懸濁液等の剤型で経口的に投与することができ、あるいは、例えば溶液、乳剤、懸濁液等の剤型にしたものを注射の型で非経口投与することができる他、スプレー剤の型で鼻孔内投与することもできる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲はこれらの例示に限定されるものではない。
実施例1:発酵処理植物の製造
(1)乾燥したシークワーサーの外果皮30gを0.1〜3mmの粒径に粉砕し容器に入れた。シークワーサーを入れた容器に水150g、糖蜜0.9g、米ぬか0.9gを添加した。かかる粉砕シークワーサーを収納した容器に、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス、バシルス・ズブチルスの各々の菌を培養後、菌数1:1:1の割合で混合し、シークワーサーの重量に対し、10重量%を添加し、容器を密閉し、静置培養により発酵を行った。発酵温度は40℃、発酵時間は24時間とした。その後、乾燥機により水分値が10重量%以下になるまで60℃で乾燥した後、滅菌処理(130℃蒸気、5〜15秒)を行い、発酵シークワーサー31gを得た。
【0029】
(2)乾燥したニガナの葉30gを0.1〜3mmの粒径に粉砕し容器に入れた。ニガナを入れた容器に水150g、糖蜜0.9g、米ぬか0.9gを添加した。かかる粉砕ニガナを収納した容器に、ラクトバシルス・プランタリム、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス、バシルス・ズブチルスの各々の菌を培養後、菌数1:1:1の割合で混合し、ニガナの重量に対し、10重量%を添加し、容器を密閉し、静置培養により発酵を行った。発酵温度は40℃、発酵時間は72時間とした。その後、乾燥機により水分値が10重量%以下になるまで、60℃で乾燥した後、滅菌処理(130℃蒸気、5〜15秒)を行い、発酵ニガナ31gを得た。
【0030】
実施例2:発酵処理植物の成分含有量の測定
(1)糖の測定
還元糖及び非還元糖の合計の全糖の含有量について、フェノール・硫酸法によって測定した。
粉砕試料1gに水20ml添加後超音波抽出を10分間行った。ろ過後、残渣について、同様に5回超音波抽出を反復し、残渣を100mlに定容した。得られた液の0.5mlに5%フェノール溶液0.5mlを添加後、濃硫酸2.5mlを加え攪拌し、15分間放置後、吸光度計(SHIMADZU社製「UV-1200V」)490nmで吸光度を測定し、グルコース量に換算した。
結果を表1に示す。結果から発酵後の全糖の含有量は著しく減少していることが明らかである。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
(2)ミネラルの測定
各種ミネラルについて発酵前と発酵後の含有量を測定した。測定は原子吸光法により行った。
試料0.5gをユニシールに入れ、硝酸10mlを加え、150℃で90分間反応させた。放冷後、100mlトールビーカーに移し、塩酸:過酸化水素(1:1)溶液を10ml加えサドンバス上にて蒸発乾固した後、希塩酸10mlを加え加熱した。放冷後50mlに定容し測定用サンプルとした。調製したサンプルは適宜希釈し、原子吸光度計(SHIMADZU社製「AA-660」)を用い各種ミネラルの含有量を測定した。
結果を表2に示す。結果から発酵後のミネラルの含有量は増加していることが明らかである。
【0033】
【表2】
【0034】
実施例3:発酵処理植物の特性検査
(1)pHの測定
実施例1の発酵処理植物の製造工程において、シークワーサーについては発酵前、1日経過後のpHを測定し、ニガナについては発酵前、1日経過後、3日経過後のpHを測定した。測定結果を、シークワーサーについては図1に、ニガナについては図2に示す。
結果から、発酵の進行に伴いpHが低下し、酸性度が高くなることがわかった。
【0035】
(2)抗酸化活性の測定
(i)発酵シークワーサーと発酵ニガナの抗酸化活性をβカロチン法で測定し、それぞれ発酵前の抗酸化活性と比較した。
実施例1で得られた発酵シークワーサーと発酵前のシークワーサーから80%エタノール抽出した各サンプルについて、コントロールとして水を用い、コントロールにおけるβカロチン残留量を100%とし、被測定物におけるβカロチン残留量をコントロールに対するパーセンテージとして求めた。比較例として、ビタミンE(V.E.)について同様に行なった。結果を図3に示す。
実施例1で得られた発酵ニガナと発酵前のニガナから80℃の熱水で抽出した各サンプルについて、コントロールとして水を用い、コントロールにおけるβカロチン残留量を100%とし、ニガナの被測定物におけるβカロチン残留量をコントロールに対するパーセンテージとして求めた。
比較例として、抗酸化剤として使用されるt−ブチル−4−オキシアニソール(BHA)について同様に行なった。結果を図4に示す。
結果から、発酵前において抗酸化活性を有するシークワーサー、ニガナは発酵によって、抗酸化活性が向上されることが明らかである。
(ii)ケルセチンの含有量の測定
実施例1で得られた発酵ニガナのケルセチンの含有量について、サンプルを100%エタノールで抽出し、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)(SHIMADZU社製)で測定し、発酵前のケルセチンの含有量と比較した。結果を表3に示す。
【0036】
【表3】
【0037】
結果から、発酵前においては検出できなかったが、発酵ニガナはケルセチンを含有することが明らかである。
【0038】
(3)ACE阻害活性の測定
発酵シークワーサーと発酵ニガナについて、ACE阻害活性をそれぞれ測定し、それぞれ発酵前のACE阻害活性と比較した。
ACE(ウサギ肺アセトンパウダー由来、67U/ml)50μlに、実施例1で得られた発酵シークワーサー及び発酵ニガナと、発酵前のシークワーサー及び発酵前ニガナのそれぞれのサンプルの80℃熱水抽出した抽出液15μlを添加し37℃、5分間加温した。その後608mM塩化ナトリウムを含むホウ酸緩衝液(pH8.3)に7.6mMとなるように溶解したHippuryl L-histidyl L-leucineを125μl添加し、正確に37℃、30分間反応させた。反応停止には10%トリフルオロ酢酸(TEA)20μlを加え酵素を失活させた。阻害活性は遊離した馬尿酸を高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定し、コントロールとして水を用いた場合の生成比として求め、ACE阻害活性(%)とした。結果をシークワーサーについては図5に、ニガナについては図6に示す。
結果から、発酵前においてACE阻害活性を有するシークワーサー、ニガナは発酵によって、ACE阻害活性が向上されることが明らかである。
【0039】
(4)食味の検査
発酵シークワーサー及び発酵ニガナについて、嗜好性の試験を行った。
(i)実施例1で得られた発酵シークワーサー2gと、発酵前のシークワーサーの外果皮2gとを、それぞれ500mlの沸騰水で5分間煮出した。13人のパネラーが試飲した。結果を、表4に示す。
(ii)実施例1で得られた発酵ニガナの葉の乾燥物2gと、発酵前のニガナの葉の乾燥物2gとを、それぞれ500mlの沸騰水で5分間煮出した。12人のパネラーが試飲した。結果を、表4に示す。
【0040】
【表4】
【0041】
結果から、発酵シークワーサー、発酵ニガナの食味が向上され、嗜好性の改善が図れたことが明らかである。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の発酵処理植物やその製造方法によれば、有効成分を含有するミカン科植物やキク科植物について、食味の改善を図り、糖分の含有量を軽減し、抗酸化活性や血圧上昇抑制効果を有する植物そのものより更にその効果を強化することができ、沖縄に自生し得る植物の有効利用を図ることができる。
本発明の製造方法により得られる発酵処理植物は、食味が向上され食品素材としての利用のみならず、抗酸化活性組成物や血圧上昇抑制組成物として利用することができ、特にシークワーサーやニガナの乳酸発酵処理物は食味が改善され、優れた抗酸化活性作用や血圧上昇抑制作用を有し、沖縄に自生する植物の有効利用を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵シークワーサーのpHを示す図である。
【図2】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵ニガナのpHを示す図である。
【図3】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵シークワーサーの抗酸化活性を示す図である。
【図4】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵ニガナの抗酸化活性を示す図である。
【図5】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵シークワーサーのACE阻害活性を示す図である。
【図6】本発明の発酵処理植物の製造方法により得られた発酵ニガナのACE阻害活性を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fermented plant, fermented plant, fermented lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, etc., which can grow naturally in Okinawa, fermented plants, food materials and foods containing the same, More specifically, the present invention relates to a lactic acid fermentation processed product using a nigana or seeker.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nigana is a perennial that belongs to the family Asteraceae and contains white milky milk with a bitter taste on leaves and stems. It grows normally in mountains and fields and is often found in Okinawa. Nigana contains a component having a function (ACE activity inhibitory function) that suppresses the conversion of angiothecin I, which is a peptide present in blood, to angiophysin II by the action of an enzyme, thereby exerting an effect of suppressing blood pressure elevation. However, it is not used as an ingredient due to its astringency and savory taste.
In addition, Shikuwasa is an evergreen shrub of the citrus family that grows naturally in the south of Amami with the Japanese name Hiramemon, and is a familiar plant in Okinawa, and its fruit has a green outer skin similar to sudachi and kabosu. Fruit juice has a unique acidity and is used for seasoning beverages and foods. Fruit juice contains a large amount of flavonoids such as nobiletin and tangeretin, and is said to be effective for recovery from fatigue, high blood pressure, diabetes, and beautiful skin. It is not used as an ingredient.
[0003]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-225723 includes an extract obtained by freeze-drying Japanese algae whole grass and the like and then extracting the ground pulverized product with water, and in the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme. A food additive having a function of inhibiting the conversion of teisin I to angiothecin II (ACE activity inhibiting function) is described. However, this food additive is made by drying and extracting water from the whole grass, and it is not fundamentally different from using salmon as a food ingredient. To use it as a food material with improved taste. There was a problem.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-333733 describes a substance that inhibits α-amylase activity, which contains a dry powder or extract of a plant such as flounder lemon as an active ingredient, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-108654 discloses sugarcane. A beverage containing a sugarcane stock solution obtained by mixing a stock solution of a plant such as hirami lemon is described. JP-A-8-238058 discloses a base material such as white sugar or bleached syrup as a fruit juice of hirami lemon. A method for producing red yeast rice cake, which is made by melting and boiled, and mixing dried powder of red yeast rice, is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-167538. A method for producing ice with medicinal herbs is described in which vinegar is blended to prevent separation, and then water, sweetness, and fruit juice are mixed to give an appropriate flavor and make ice. However, these food materials also use a dried powder or extract of Sikhwasa (Hiramon Lemon), or an additive added to the fruit juice to improve the taste. The Sikhwaser itself is used as food, or the Sikhwaser itself is used as a food material. Basically, there is no change.
[0005]
In addition, JP 2000-245382 A discloses a method for producing a citrus food material produced by pulverizing and liquefying fruit skin and fruits after treatment with a degrading enzyme such as pectinase, and fermenting them with fungi, yeast, etc. Table 2001-504510 describes a cosmetic agent in which a microorganism culture that can be adapted to cosmetics or an inactivated culture such as bacteria of the genus bifidobacterium is mixed with essential oil and acid. However, the method for producing a citrus food material described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-245382 uses the peel as a food material without losing the citrus flavor, and is not fermented using lactic acid bacteria. The cosmetic agent described in Japanese Patent No. 504510 includes a microorganism culture selected from acetic acid bacteria or lactic acid bacteria, freeze-dried yeast, microorganism suspensions, fermented organic substances such as pollen, preferably fermented pollen. No. 2001-504510 discloses no citrus fermented product by lactic acid bacteria.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to make effective use of asteraceae plants and citrus plants that have not been used because they are poor in taste while containing components having antioxidative activity and blood pressure increase inhibitory activity. Fermentation treatment improves taste, enhances antioxidant activity and blood pressure rise suppression action than the plant itself, and increases the production of fermented plants with increased effective mineral components, as well as food materials and foods, especially in Okinawa The purpose is to provide a lactic acid fermented product that makes effective use of native Japanese algae and seekers.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention intend to make effective use of plants that are not used as food ingredients in terms of their bitterness, taste, etc., while containing active ingredients having an antioxidant activity, etc. Researched guava that contains a large amount of polyphenols in its leaves and has an anti-oxidant action such as α-amylase inhibitory activity, which is a saccharide-degrading enzyme. It has been found that the taste is improved by suppressing the fermentation, and a fermented food containing fermented guava leaves has already been developed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-63142). As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have found that fermented products by lactic acid bacteria such as leaves of asteraceae plants such as Japanese algae and pericarp of citrus family such as shikwasa are tasted in order to make further effective use of plant resources. In order to complete the present invention, it is found that the content of quercetin, which is an active ingredient having an antioxidant property, is increased, the antioxidant effect is increased, and the blood pressure increase suppressing action is further enhanced. It came.
[0008]
That is, the present invention(1)Can grow naturally in OkinawaSikhwaser ( Citrus depressa ) Or negative ( Ixeris dentata ) Is dried and pulverized, carbohydrates and / or proteins are added to the pulverized product, hydrolyzed, and Lactobacillus plantarim ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Streptococcus thermophilus ( Storeptococcus. Thermophilus ) And Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus. Subtilis (2) A fermented product obtained by fermenting using a mixed bacterium and increasing antioxidative activity and antihypertensive activity, and (2) the carbohydrate is molasses (1) Fermented products of (3)Protein is characterized by the presence of rice bran and / or bran (1) or (2) fermented processed productAbout.
[0009]
The present invention also provides(4) Seek Warser (Native Okinawa) Citrus depressa ) Or negative ( Ixeris dentata ) Is dried and pulverized, carbohydrates and / or proteins are added to the pulverized product, hydrolyzed, and Lactobacillus plantarim ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Streptococcus thermophilus ( Storeptococcus. Thermophilus ) And Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus. Subtilis ) To produce a fermented processed product comprising: a fermenting step for increasing antioxidative activity and blood pressure increase inhibiting activity; and a drying step for drying the fermented processed product. (5) Carbohydrate is molasses, (4) The method for producing a fermented product according to (4), and (6) Protein is up to rice bran and / or bran (4) Or the manufacturing method of the fermentation processed material as described in (5)About.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention includes a lactic acid bacterium, a lactic acid bacterium and a yeast, a lactic acid bacterium and a Bacillus subtilis, or a lactic acid bacterium and a yeast and a hay. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a method of fermenting using a fungus, and among the plants that can naturally grow in Okinawa, citrus and / or asteraceae plants that naturally grow in Okinawa can be preferably exemplified. it can. As the citrus plant that can naturally grow in Okinawa, as long as it belongs to the citrus family that can grow naturally in Okinawa, it may belong to any genus such as citrus, yellowfin, and salamander. Plants belonging to the genus Citrus are preferred, for example, Citrus depressa Hayata, Citrus unshiu, Citrus iyo, Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), Natsumikan (Citrus natsudaidai), Yuzu (Citrus junos), Lime ( Citrus aurantifolia), lemon (Citrus limon) and the like can be mentioned, and among these, seeker is particularly preferable. The part to be subjected to fermentation treatment of these plants may be leaves, roots, etc., in particular, fruit is preferable, among these, fruit skin is preferable, and the remaining outer skin using fruit juice is particularly preferable. These may be a living body or a dried body.
[0011]
In the present invention, the asteraceae plants that can naturally grow in Okinawa are those belonging to any genus, such as the genus Nigana, Shungyoku, Jomona, or Artemisia, as long as they belong to the asteraceae that can grow naturally in Okinawa. Examples thereof include, for example, Japanese red crab (Ixeris dentata), Japanese chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium), Yomena (Kalimeris yomena), Artemisia princeps, and the like. The parts to be subjected to the fermentation treatment of these plants may be whole plants or specific parts such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers, etc. Although it may be a body, leaves are particularly preferable.
[0012]
In the method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention, examples of microorganisms used for fermenting the citrus and / or asteraceae plants as base materials include lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and Bacillus subtilis. Although it can also be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types, it is necessary to use lactic acid bacteria among these, lactic acid bacteria alone, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, or a combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeast and Bacillus subtilis Can be used as
[0013]
Examples of lactic acid bacteria used in the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention include Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Bifidobacterium ( Bifidobacterium) or bacteria belonging to the genus Tetragenococcus are preferred, and the genus Lactobacillus is particularly preferred. The bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus is preferably Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus), and specific examples include Streptococcus thermophilus IFO13957 strain. In addition, as a bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, any of Lactobacillus plantarim (L. plantrum), Lactobacillus delbruckii (L. delbruckii), Lactobacillus pentosus (L. pentosus) or Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) Among these bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarim is particularly preferable. Specific examples of such Lactobacillus plantarim include IFO14712 and IFO14713 strains, Lactobacillus delbriqui as IFO13953 strain, Lactobacillus pentosus as IFO12011 strain, and Lactobacillus casei as IFO15883 strain. Moreover, as a microbe which belongs to Tetragenococcus genus, it is preferable that it is Tetrageno halophyllus (T. halophilus), and tetrageno halophyllus IFO12172 strain can be illustrated concretely. These lactic acid bacteria are usually 10 per 1 g of dry matter of citrus and / or asteraceae.Three-107Pieces, especially 106-107It is preferable to use one piece.
[0014]
The yeast used in the method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention is added mainly for the improvement of aroma, and as such yeast, a bacterium belonging to the genus Candida or Saccharomyces is preferable. As such a bacterium belonging to the genus Candida, Candida versatilis is preferable, and IFO10038 strain can be specifically exemplified as Candida versatilis. The bacterium belonging to the genus Saccharomyces is preferably S. cerevisiae, and IFO0555 strain can be specifically exemplified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These yeasts are usually 10 g / g dry matter of Citrus and / or Asteraceae.Three-107Pieces, especially 106-107It is preferable to use one piece.
[0015]
Furthermore, as a Bacillus subtilis used in the manufacturing method of the fermentation processing plant of this invention, a Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) IFO3013 strain can be illustrated specifically. These Bacillus subtilis is usually 10 g / g dry matter of Citrus and / or Asteraceae.Three-107Pieces, especially 106-107It is preferable to use one piece.
[0016]
In the method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention, the microorganism group preferably used is a microorganism group including lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis. Among these microorganism groups, Lactobacillus plantarim, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bacillus. It is preferable to use a mixed bacterium of Subtilis, and it is preferable to use the same number as the number of bacteria with respect to the dry matter of Citrus and / or Asteraceae. By using the bacteria in such a combination of the number of bacteria, the fermentation time can be shortened, and thus the propagation of various bacteria can be suppressed.
[0017]
In the method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention, a living body or a dried body such as a leaf, flower, fruit or asteraceae plant leaf, stem, root, flower or whole plant of the citrus family plant is 3 mm or less, preferably Grind to a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm. By setting the particle size to 3 mm or less, a sufficient contact area with the fermenting bacteria can be secured, fermentation can proceed effectively, and the particle size in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. This effect can be obtained more remarkably. In order to promote the progress of fermentation, it is preferable to add 2 to 10 parts by weight, particularly about 5 parts by weight, of water to 1 part by weight of dry matter. To the pulverized plant, the above-mentioned fungus or fungus group is added. It is preferable to add 1 to 10% by weight of each fungus group after culturing each fungus before mixing to the medium and adding to the medium in advance. Fermentation is preferably performed at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 40 ° C., and the fermentation time can be appropriately selected depending on the progress of fermentation under conditions such as pH and the number of bacteria, and preference. pH 4-5, number of bacteria 106If it is above, it is preferable to set it to about 72 hours in the whole plant of Asteraceae plants such as nigana, and about 24 hours in the pericarp of citrus plants such as shikwasa. At the time of fermentation treatment, aeration and deoxygenation treatment can be performed as necessary, but after the deoxygenation treatment, fermentation can be performed in stationary culture. The fermentation format is preferably solid culture rather than liquid culture.
[0018]
In such a fermentation treatment, carbohydrates and proteins can be added as an agent for fermenting bacteria. The carbohydrate as the assimilating agent is preferably a commercially available sugar such as glucose, sucrose, molasses, etc., and the amount of these added is preferably 1 to 10% by weight per medium, particularly around 3% by weight. The protein as an assimilating agent is preferably rice bran, bran or the like, and the addition amount thereof is preferably 1 to 5% by weight per medium. These assimilating agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0019]
After completion of fermentation, drying is preferably performed by a dryer so that the moisture value is 10% by weight or less. As a drying method, heat drying or freeze drying can be used. In the case of heat drying, the product temperature is 100 ° C. It is preferable that the following is performed because the deactivation of the physiologically active ingredient can be prevented. After drying, if necessary, sterilization is performed by a known method such as heating to obtain a fermented plant used as a food material or a raw material for the extract.
[0020]
The lactic acid fermented product of the present invention obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention is a lactic acid fermented product of Ixeris dentata, characterized in that the quercetin content is 10% by weight or more. The quercetin content of the lactic acid fermented plant is such that quercetin glycoside contained in the unfermented plant is hydrolyzed by the fermenting bacterium and quercetin having an antioxidant activity as an aglycon is produced. For this reason, the antioxidant activity resulting from quercetin increases in the lactic acid fermented processed product of Japanese algae. It is preferable that the content of quercetin is increased by 10% or more, particularly 15% or more from before fermentation. The quercetin content was measured by extraction with 100% ethanol and measurement by high performance liquid chromatography.
[0021]
In addition, as a lactic acid fermentation processed product of the present invention, when using Japanese algae as a fermented processed product, the fermented processed product may be a whole plant or a specific part such as a leaf, stem, root or flower. These may be a living body or a dry body, and in particular, a processed product of leaves is preferable as a processed product of lactic acid fermentation. It is preferable that the pH of the fermented processed product of nibbana is 5 or less in relation to the degree of progress of fermentation.
[0022]
In addition, as a lactic acid fermented product of the present invention, when a seeker is used as a fermented product, the fermented product may be a leaf, a root or the like, and in particular, a fruit is preferable, and among these, the treatment of the peel The remaining outer pericarp using fruit juice is particularly preferable, and these may be a living body or a dried body. It is preferable that the pH of the fermented product of such seeker be 3.7 or less in relation to the degree of fermentation progress.
[0023]
The processed product of lactic acid fermentation of the present invention has stronger antioxidant activity than before fermentation. The strength of the antioxidant activity can be measured by β-carotene method, DPPH method, rhodan iron method and the like. Here, the β-carotene method is a measurement method using β-carotene that fades and becomes transparent by being easily oxidized, and a mixture of β-carotene, linoleic acid, and a sample is auto-oxidized, This is a method for measuring the strength of antioxidant activity by measuring the degree of fading. If the yellow color of β-carotene does not fade, it can be determined that the sample has antioxidant activity. The DPPH method is a method based on measurement of radical scavenging ability using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The rhodan iron method is a spectrophotometer that measures the degree of auto-oxidation of linoleic acid ( 500 nm).
As for the processed lactic acid fermentation product of the present invention, it is preferable that the antibacterial activity measured by the hot water extraction method is enhanced by 30% or more, particularly 40% or more compared to before the fermentation treatment. Further, with respect to seekers, it is preferable that the antioxidant activity measured by the β-carotene method is enhanced by 10% or more, particularly 20% or more compared to before fermentation treatment.
[0024]
Moreover, in the lactic-acid-fermented processed material of this invention, compared with an unfermented plant, the blood pressure rise inhibitory effect is improved. This is due to the fact that the ACE (Angiotensin I Converting enzyme) inhibitory activity of the fermented plant obtained by the present invention is higher than that of the unfermented plant. ACE is an angiotensin I converting enzyme involved in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and angiotensin II is a hormone that increases blood pressure. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of ACE. It becomes possible. As for nigana, those increased by 20% or more, particularly 30% or more from before fermentation are preferable, and for seekers, those increased by 10% or more, particularly 15% or more from before fermentation are preferable. In addition, the measurement of the blood pressure increase inhibitory effect is a value measured by a hot water extraction method. In the hot water extraction method, a sample extracted with water at 80 ° C. is added to ACE, and a borate buffer containing sodium chloride is added thereto. Hippuryl L-histidyl L-leucine, which is a hippuric acid derivative dissolved in the liquid, is added to measure the amount of hippuric acid liberated and to determine the production ratio when water is used as a control.
[0025]
In addition, the fermented plant of the present invention has a lower sugar content and an increased mineral content than an unfermented plant. This is because the fermented plant has a lower sugar content than the unfermented plant because the sugar contained in the unfermented plant and the assimilation material is assimilated by the fermenting bacteria.
As sugars contained in citrus and asteraceae plants, there are reducing sugars such as oligosaccharides having a reducing property, xylose and glucose, and non-reducing sugars having no reducing properties. The content is determined by a quantitative method using alkaline copper tartrate, such as alkaline copper / potassium permanganate titration method (Bertrand method), alkaline copper / iodine titration method (Somogyi method), alkaline copper / molybdate method (Somogyi-Nelson method). The total sugar amount of the reducing sugar and the non-reducing sugar can be quantified by the phenol / sulfuric acid method, the naphthol / sulfuric acid method (Molish method), the naphthoresorcin / hydrochloric acid method, the resorcin / hydrochloric acid method (Seliwanoff method), and the anthrone.・ Phenolization of sulfuric acid method, phloroglucin / sulfuric acid method, orcin / ferric chloride / sulfuric acid method, etc. It can be quantified and objects, the method of quantifying the reaction product of furfural or hydroxymethylfurfural produced from strong acids and sugars. The non-reducing sugar content can be determined by subtracting the reducing sugar content from the total sugar content determined by the above method.
[0026]
The fermented plant obtained by the present invention having such an effect includes, as food materials, the fermented plant itself, tablets, granules, capsules and the like prepared from extracts extracted in drinking water, tea bags, PET bottles, cans, etc. And tea leaves for drinks. In addition, the fermented plant itself or granules produced from the extracted extract can be used as a food material such as sprinkles or as a health food. In addition, beverages in which such extracts and granules are dissolved in drinking water or juice, baked confectionery such as bread, cakes, rice crackers, Japanese confectionery such as sheepskin, frozen confectionery, bread and confectionery such as chewing gum, udon, soba, etc. Noodles, fish paste products such as kamaboko, ham and fish sausage, seasonings such as miso, soy sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, sweeteners, dairy products such as cheese and butter, and various prepared dishes such as tofu, konjac and other boiled fish Can be used as a food.
[0027]
In addition, the extract of the lactic acid fermentation processed product of the present invention can also be used as a pharmaceutical product such as an antioxidant active composition or a blood pressure increase inhibiting composition, and in that case, a pharmaceutically acceptable normal carrier or binder In addition, various compounding ingredients for preparation such as a stabilizer, an excipient, a diluent, a pH buffer, a disintegrant, a solubilizer, a solubilizer, and an isotonic agent can be added. These preventive or therapeutic agents can be administered orally or parenterally. That is, it can be administered orally in commonly used dosage forms, such as powders, granules, capsules, syrups, suspensions, etc., or, for example, in dosage forms such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, etc. These can be administered parenterally in the form of injections or can be administered intranasally in the form of sprays.
[0028]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these illustrations.
Example 1: Production of fermented plant
(1) 30 g of the dried outer skin of seeker was pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 3 mm and placed in a container. 150 g of water, 0.9 g of molasses and 0.9 g of rice bran were added to a container containing a seeker. After culturing each of the bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarim, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis in a container containing the crushed seeker, the number of bacteria was mixed at a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Weight% was added, the container was sealed, and fermentation was performed by static culture. The fermentation temperature was 40 ° C. and the fermentation time was 24 hours. Then, after drying at 60 degreeC until the moisture value became 10 weight% or less with a dryer, the sterilization process (130 degreeC vapor | steam, 5 to 15 second) was performed, and 31g of fermented seek quasars were obtained.
[0029]
(2) 30 g of dried Japanese algae leaves were pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 3 mm and placed in a container. 150 g of water, 0.9 g of molasses, and 0.9 g of rice bran were added to the container containing the nigana. After culturing each of the bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarim, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis in a container containing the pulverized Japanese algae, the bacteria were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Weight% was added, the container was sealed, and fermentation was performed by static culture. The fermentation temperature was 40 ° C. and the fermentation time was 72 hours. Then, after drying at 60 degreeC until the moisture value became 10 weight% or less with a dryer, the sterilization process (130 degreeC steam, 5 to 15 second) was performed, and 31 g of fermented Japanese charcoal was obtained.
[0030]
Example 2: Measurement of component content of fermented plant
(1) Sugar measurement
The total sugar content of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars was measured by the phenol / sulfuric acid method.
After adding 20 ml of water to 1 g of the ground sample, ultrasonic extraction was performed for 10 minutes. After filtration, the ultrasonic extraction was repeated 5 times in the same manner, and the residue was made up to 100 ml. 0.5 ml of 5% phenol solution was added to 0.5 ml of the obtained liquid, 2.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added and stirred, allowed to stand for 15 minutes, and absorbance at 490 nm was measured at an absorbance meter (SHIMADZU “UV-1200V”). Was measured and converted into the amount of glucose.
The results are shown in Table 1. It is clear from the results that the total sugar content after fermentation is significantly reduced.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
(2) Mineral measurement
About various minerals, content before fermentation and after fermentation was measured. The measurement was performed by atomic absorption method.
0.5 g of the sample was put into a uni-seal, 10 ml of nitric acid was added, and the mixture was reacted at 150 ° C. for 90 minutes. After cooling, the mixture was transferred to a 100 ml tall beaker, 10 ml of hydrochloric acid: hydrogen peroxide (1: 1) solution was added and evaporated to dryness on a sudden bath, and then 10 ml of diluted hydrochloric acid was added and heated. After standing to cool, the volume was fixed to 50 ml to prepare a sample for measurement. Dilute the prepared sample as appropriate,Atomic absorption meter ("AA-660" manufactured by SHIMADZU)Was used to measure the content of various minerals.
The results are shown in Table 2. From the results, it is clear that the mineral content after fermentation is increasing.
[0033]
[Table 2]
[0034]
Example 3: Characteristic inspection of fermented plant
(1) Measurement of pH
In the production process of the fermented plant of Example 1, the pH of the sequwacer was measured before the fermentation and after the lapse of 1 day, and the negative was measured before the fermentation and after the lapse of 3 days. The measurement results are shown in FIG. 1 for the seeker and in FIG. 2 for the negative.
From the results, it was found that as the fermentation progressed, the pH decreased and the acidity increased.
[0035]
(2) Measurement of antioxidant activity
(I) Antioxidant activity of fermented seeker and fermented Japanese agar was measured by the β-carotene method and compared with the antioxidant activity before fermentation.
For each sample extracted with 80% ethanol from the fermented seeker and fermented seeker obtained in Example 1, water was used as a control, the residual amount of β-carotene in the control was 100%, and the residual amount of β-carotene in the measurement object was Determined as a percentage of the control. As a comparative example, the same procedure was performed for vitamin E (VE). The results are shown in FIG.
About each sample extracted with the hot water of 80 degreeC from the fermented negative and the fermented negative obtained in Example 1, water was used as a control, and the β-carotene residual amount in the control was set to 100%. β carotene residue was determined as a percentage of the control.
As a comparative example, the same procedure was performed for t-butyl-4-oxyanisole (BHA) used as an antioxidant. The results are shown in FIG.
From the results, it is clear that the antioxidant activity of the seeker, nigana having antioxidant activity before fermentation is improved by fermentation.
(Ii) Measurement of quercetin content
About the content of quercetin of fermented Japanese agar obtained in Example 1, a sample was extracted with 100% ethanol, measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (manufactured by SHIMADZU), and compared with the content of quercetin before fermentation. did. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0036]
[Table 3]
[0037]
From the results, it is clear that fermented Japanese algae contains quercetin, which could not be detected before fermentation.
[0038]
(3) Measurement of ACE inhibitory activity
The ACE inhibitory activity was measured for each of the fermented seeker and fermented nigana, and each was compared with the ACE inhibitory activity before fermentation.
Extracts obtained by hot water extraction of each sample of fermented seeker and fermented negana obtained in Example 1 and pre-fermented seeker and fermented negana in 50 μl of ACE (from rabbit lung acetone powder, 67 U / ml) 15 μl was added and warmed at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, 125 μl of Hippuryl L-histidyl L-leucine dissolved to 7.6 mM was added to a borate buffer solution (pH 8.3) containing 608 mM sodium chloride, and the mixture was reacted exactly at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. To stop the reaction, 20 μl of 10% trifluoroacetic acid (TEA) was added to inactivate the enzyme. The inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the released hippuric acid using high performance liquid chromatography, and determining the production ratio when water was used as a control, and was defined as ACE inhibitory activity (%). The results are shown in FIG. 5 for the seeker and in FIG. 6 for the negative.
From the results, it is clear that the ACE inhibitory activity of the seeker, Naganashi, which has ACE inhibitory activity before fermentation, is improved by fermentation.
[0039]
(4) Taste inspection
A test of palatability was performed on the fermented seeker and fermented nigana.
(I) 2 g of the fermented sea quaser obtained in Example 1 and 2 g of the outer pericarp of the sea quasar before fermentation were boiled for 5 minutes with 500 ml of boiling water, respectively. Thirteen panelists sampled. The results are shown in Table 4.
(Ii) 2 g of dried fermented Japanese agar leaf obtained in Example 1 and 2 g of dried dried Japanese agar leaf before fermentation were each boiled in 500 ml of boiling water for 5 minutes. Twelve panelists sampled. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0040]
[Table 4]
[0041]
From the results, it is clear that the taste of the fermented seeker and fermented Japanese agar was improved and the palatability was improved.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the fermented plant of the present invention and the method for producing the same, for citrus and asteraceae plants containing active ingredients, the taste is improved, the sugar content is reduced, and the antioxidant activity and blood pressure increase inhibiting effect The effect of the plant itself can be further enhanced than that of the plant itself, and effective utilization of the plant that can grow naturally in Okinawa can be achieved.
The fermented plant obtained by the production method of the present invention has improved taste and can be used not only as a food material, but also as an antioxidant active composition and a blood pressure increase inhibiting composition, The fermented product has improved taste, has an excellent antioxidative activity and blood pressure rise inhibitory effect, and can effectively utilize plants that naturally grow in Okinawa.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the pH of a fermented seeker obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the pH of fermented Japanese algae obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the antioxidant activity of a fermented seeker obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the antioxidant activity of fermented Japanese algae obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the ACE inhibitory activity of a fermented seeker obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ACE inhibitory activity of fermented Japanese algae obtained by the method for producing a fermented plant of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| WO2024218330A1 (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-10-24 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Production of fermented plant-based products |
| TWI892047B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2025-08-01 | 澄品生技有限公司 | Use of fermented taiwan tangerines having effect of lowering body fat and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JPS6226228A (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-04 | Echigo Yakusou:Kk | Manufacturing method of powdered mugwort |
| JPH0242962A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-02-13 | Susumu Murofushi | Production of functional food |
| JPH0751495B2 (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1995-06-05 | 相生味淋株式会社 | Method of manufacturing bath salt |
| JPH07167538A (en) * | 1993-12-13 | 1995-07-04 | Kanetoshi Yoshida | Manufacture of ice with medicinal herb |
| JP2949411B2 (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1999-09-13 | 盛雄 稲福 | Production method of food ingredients using turmeric rhizome |
| JPH08238058A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1996-09-17 | Yuntanza:Kk | Production of beniimo candy |
| MY128092A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 2007-01-31 | Manda Fermentation Co Ltd | Fermented composition, method for manufacturing same, and applications thereof |
| JPH10108654A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Ichiji Uechi | Beverage containing undiluted solution of sugar cane |
| FR2756181B1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1999-03-05 | Au Mont Beaute | COSMETIC, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION BASED ON INACTIVE CULTURE OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM BACTERIA, MINT OIL AND AN ACID |
| JP2000245382A (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-09-12 | Taketo Kanehiro | Production of food and cosmetic material using citrus fruit |
| JP2001224330A (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-21 | Hideko Uechi | Food comprising lactobacillus symbiotic culture product and medicinal plant and method for producing the same |
| JP2001238593A (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-04 | Kinjirushi Wasabi Kk | Production method of fermented food from spicy material |
| JP2001252047A (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-18 | Biox:Kk | Fermented food |
| JP4031637B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2008-01-09 | 株式会社琉球バイオリソース開発 | Fermented food, manufacturing method thereof, food and drink, and extract |
-
2002
- 2002-08-13 JP JP2002236155A patent/JP4010907B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101088013B1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-12-01 | (주)신흥제약 | Fermented Dermis Manufacturing Method |
| TWI892047B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2025-08-01 | 澄品生技有限公司 | Use of fermented taiwan tangerines having effect of lowering body fat and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2024218330A1 (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-10-24 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Production of fermented plant-based products |
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| JP2004073050A (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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