JP4019018B2 - Fluid holding body, fluid holding body forming method, and apparatus - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば液体などの流体を保持する樹脂製の容器や管あるいはフィルターと言ったような流体保持体、及びその成形方法、並びに成形装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
樹脂製の容器は従来から周知であり、そしてこのような容器が発泡樹脂で構成されることも周知の通りである。
ところで、発泡樹脂で容器を構成した場合、その肉厚が薄い場合には、液漏れが起きてしまい、容器としての機能が十分には発揮されない。しかも、機械的強度の低下が大きい。この為、発泡樹脂で容器を構成しようとすると、その肉厚をある程度厚くせざるを得ない。
【0003】
しかしながら、そもそも、容器を発泡樹脂材で構成しようとする目的は、軽量化に有る。にもかかわらず、肉厚を厚くしなければならないのでは、結局の処、軽量化が十分には図れない。
このように、従来の発泡剤を用いた発泡樹脂で容器を構成した場合、その素材上の特性から製品の性能には限界が有った。
【0004】
ところで、発泡樹脂製容器の発泡剤として超臨界状態の流体を用いることが提案されている(特許文献1,2,3)。
【特許文献1】
特許第2625576号
【特許文献2】
特開2000−226467号
【特許文献3】
特開2002−59449号
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記提案の技術が実施されても、十分な発泡特性のものが得られていない。すなわち、発泡倍率は高く、しかしながら、その気泡の径は小さな、つまり小さな気泡径の気泡が数多く出来ている特徴の発泡樹脂製のものが得られていなかった。
【0006】
従って、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、気泡径が小さな気泡が数多く出来ている発泡樹脂体を提供することである。
例えば、肉厚が薄くても、液漏れが起き難く、軽量で、しかも機械的特性に優れた容器を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発泡特性についての研究が本発明者によって鋭意押し進められて行った。
その結果、次のようなことが判って来た。
先ず、発泡樹脂の特性は、単位体積当たりの気泡の基になる核の数(核数)によって決定される。そして、核数が多いと言うことは、気泡数が多くなることである。従って、核数が多いと、同じ発泡倍率のものを得ようとした場合、一つ一つの気泡径は小さくて済むことになる。そして、気泡径を微細にした場合、物理的特性の向上が期待できる。例えば、気泡径が小さければ、気泡はそれだけ独立気泡であることが予想でき、液漏れの恐れはそれだけ小さくなる。かつ、機械的強度も大きなことが予想できる。又、気泡の数が多くなって発泡倍率が高くなることは、それだけ密度が小さく、軽量なことを予想できる。
【0008】
ところで、発泡特性に大きな影響を与える因子である核数は、発泡剤である超臨界状態の流体(超臨界状態の液体・気体(二酸化炭素(二酸化炭素は31.1℃を越える温度及び7.43MPaを越える圧力で超臨界状態のものとなる。)、窒素、酸素、水、エタン等))の含浸量が多い程、多くなる。超臨界状態の流体の含浸量が少ない程、核数は少ない。
【0009】
そして、超臨界状態の流体の含浸量は、含浸時の温度が低いほど多い。含浸時の温度が高い場合には少ない。しかしながら、超臨界状態の流体の含浸速度は、含浸時の温度が高い方が速い。含浸時の温度が低い場合には、含浸速度は遅い。従って、含浸処理を短時間で済ませようとすると、含浸時の温度は高い方が好ましい。又、超臨界状態の流体の含浸量は、含浸時の圧力が高いほど多い。
【0010】
又、超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる為に印加していた圧力を開放する減圧時の温度は低い程、核数が多くなる。減圧時の温度が高い程、核数は少ない。又、減圧速度が速い(減圧時間が短い)程、核数は多くなる。減圧速度が遅い程、核数は少ない。尚、減圧時の温度と減圧速度とを比べると、温度の因子の方が影響は大きなものであった。例えば、X℃で減圧させる場合と、(X+10)℃で減圧させる場合とを比べると、同じ核数のものを得ようとすると、10℃高い場合は減圧速度を一桁以上も速くしなければならないものであった。
【0011】
従って、核数を多くすることのみを鑑みたならば、低い温度で超臨界状態の流体を含浸させ、その後で急速減圧させることが好ましいことになる。
【0012】
しかしながら、気泡の成長を考えると、温度は低いことが絶対的なものでは無く、核から気泡への成長に相応しい温度であることも大事なことである。すなわち、気泡成長時は気泡成長が始まる温度より高い方が好ましい。そして、気泡成長が効果的に始まる温度として、非結晶性樹脂の場合には該非結晶性樹脂のガラス転移温度以上の温度が、又、結晶性樹脂の場合には該結晶性樹脂の結晶化温度以上の温度が見出された。
【0013】
このような知見に基づいて本発明が達成されたものである。
すなわち、前記の課題は、非結晶性樹脂を用いた発泡樹脂製の流体保持体を冷却用金型を用いて成形する方法であって、
前記非結晶性樹脂による流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な温度であって、かつ、後述の発泡工程における温度よりも高い温度(T1)条件下で、所定形状の非結晶性樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程と、
前記含浸工程における温度よりも低い温度であって、かつ、非結晶性樹脂のガラス転移温度以上の温度(T2)条件下において、発泡させる発泡工程
とを具備し、
前記含浸工程時から発泡工程時における温度低下は前記冷却用金型の内外を冷却することにより行われる
ことを特徴とする流体保持体の成形方法によって解決される。
【0015】
すなわち、樹脂による流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な溶融温度に近い高温度(T1)で発泡剤(超臨界状態の流体)を含浸させることにより、短時間での高速含浸が可能となり、結果的に核数の増大が図れる。すなわち、大量生産の観点からすると、含浸温度が比較的高いことによるデメリットよりも高速含浸によるメリットの方が大きいのである。尚、含浸温度が比較的高くなることによるデメリットに対しては、含浸圧力をより高くすることでも対応できる。
【0016】
そして、上記樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程は、超臨界状態の流体を加圧することにより実施される。
【0017】
次に、前記温度T1より低く、かつ、ガラス転移温度(又は結晶化温度)以上の温度T2で発泡させることにより、気泡は効果的に成長する。
【0018】
この発泡は、樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる為に印加されていた圧力を開放(減圧)することで行われる。そして、この減圧時の温度は低い方が気泡の基になる核の数は多いものとなる。従って、本発明にあっては、含浸時の温度より降下せしめ、つまり含浸温度T1よりも低い温度に降下させて減圧することにした。しかしながら、核生成後の次の気泡成長を鑑み、ガラス転移温度(結晶化温度)以上の温度T2で行うことにした。これにより、核数の増加が期待できると共に気泡成長も期待できる。
【0019】
そして、溶融温度近傍の比較的高い温度で発泡剤(超臨界状態の流体)を含浸させ、次に温度を降下(但し、ガラス転移温度(又は結晶化温度)以上の温度に降下)させて減圧・発泡させる本発明の方法によれば、例えば射出成形機による成形後に、該成形品を一旦室温近くの温度まで下げ、このような低温にて発泡剤(超臨界状態の流体)を含浸させ、そしてガラス転移温度(又は結晶化温度)以上の高温にして発泡させる場合に比べて、遥かに小さな気泡径の気泡が数多く出来ているものであった。
【0020】
本発明において、超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程における流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な温度とは、対象となっている樹脂の溶融温度より低い温度である。すなわち、本発明にあっては、超臨界状態の流体の含浸は、例えば容器を形成する樹脂が溶融状態では行われない。
【0021】
上記発明においては、減圧によって気泡が成長する過程までを説明した。しかしながら、気泡成長を所望の時点で積極的に終了させる気泡成長停止工程を持っていることは好ましいことである。この気泡成長停止は冷却によって行える。特に、ガラス転移温度(又は結晶化温度)未満の温度に降下させることによって、気泡成長は、事実上、終了する。
【0022】
又、前記の課題は、発泡樹脂製の流体保持体を成形する装置であって、
冷却用金型と、
前記冷却用金型の内側に存在する所定形状の流体保持体材料中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸手段と、
前記冷却用金型の内外を冷却する冷却手段
とを具備することを特徴とする流体保持体の成形装置によって解決される。
【0023】
すなわち、上記樹脂を用いた発泡樹脂製の流体保持体を成形する方法に用いられる装置であって、
冷却用金型と、
前記冷却用金型の内側に存在する所定形状の流体保持体材料中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸手段と、
前記冷却用金型の内外を冷却する冷却手段
とを具備することを特徴とする流体保持体の成形装置によって解決される。
【0024】
本発明の装置は、冷却用金型の内外を冷却できるようにしているので、超臨界状態の流体を含浸させた後の急速冷却が可能になる。従って、低温での急速減圧が可能になり、それだけ核数の増加が図れ、気泡径が小さな気泡が数多く出来ている発泡樹脂体が得られる。
【0025】
上記装置にあっては、冷却用金型の外側に加熱手段(加熱用金型)が更に設けられていることが好ましい。これによって、加熱に要する熱ロスを少なくでき、即ち、減圧・発泡後に冷却用金型内に新しい流体保持体を供給して加熱する工程をスムーズに行わせることが可能になる。
【0026】
又、上記装置にあっては、超臨界状態の流体を外部に放出する減圧手段が更に設けられている。
【0027】
上記成形方法の実施、又は上記成形装置を用いての実施により、本発明が目的とする気泡径が小さな、例えば0.1〜200μm(特に、0.1μm以上。20μm以下。)の独立気泡が数多く、例えば1.0×108〜1.0×1016個/cm3(特に、1.0×109個/cm3以上。1.0×1015個/cm3以下。)出来ている発泡樹脂製の流体保持体が得られる。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明になる流体保持体の成形方法は、非結晶性樹脂を用いた発泡樹脂製の流体保持体を成形する方法であって、前記非結晶性樹脂による流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な温度であって、かつ、後述の発泡工程における温度よりも高い温度(T1)条件下で、所定形状の非結晶性樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程と、前記含浸工程における温度よりも低い温度であって、かつ、非結晶性樹脂のガラス転移温度以上の温度(T2)条件下において、発泡させる発泡工程とを具備する。上記樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程は、超臨界状態の流体を加圧(例えば、10〜30MPa。特に、15MPa以上。25MPa以下。)することにより実施される。上記発泡は、樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる為に印加されていた圧力を開放(減圧)することで行われる。この際の減圧速度は、好ましくは0.1〜8MPa/sである。特に、1MPa/s以上である。そして、6MPa/s以下である。又、上記T1からT2に温度を降下させる降温速度は、例えば0.1〜5℃/sである。特に、0.5℃/s以上である。そして、3℃/s以下である。上記超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程における流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な温度とは、対象となっている樹脂の溶融温度より低い温度である。又、本発明にあっては、気泡成長を所望の時点で積極的に終了させる気泡成長停止工程を更に持っている。尚、この気泡成長停止は冷却によって行われる。特に、ガラス転移温度未満の温度に降下させることによって、気泡成長は、事実上、終了する。
【0029】
本発明になる流体保持体の成形装置、特に本発明になる流体保持体の成形方法を実施する装置は、発泡樹脂製の流体保持体を成形する装置であって、冷却用金型と、前記冷却用金型の内側に存在する所定形状の流体保持体材料中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸手段と、前記冷却用金型の内外を冷却する冷却手段とを具備する。更に、冷却用金型の外側に加熱手段(加熱用金型)が更に設けられている。又、超臨界状態の流体を外部に放出する減圧手段が更に設けられている。
【0030】
本発明になる流体保持体は、上記成形方法の実施、又は上記成形装置を用いての実施により得られたものである。特に、0.1〜200μm(特に、0.1μm以上。20μm以下。更には、15μm以下。)の気泡径の独立気泡が、1.0×108〜1.0×1016個/cm3(特に、1.0×109個/cm3以上。1.0×1015個/cm3以下。更には1.0×1011個/cm3以下。)出来ているものである。
【0031】
尚、本明細書において、「超臨界状態の流体」とは、物質に固有な気体−液体−固体の状態のうち、気体−液体間には臨界点が存在し、臨界点以上の温度・圧力にすると凝縮が起きない高密度な流体相となり、このような状態で存するものを言う。又、ガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)や溶融温度(Tm)は、各々、超臨界状態の流体が含浸された状態でのガラス転移温度(Tg)、結晶化温度(Tc)や溶融温度(Tm)である。
【0032】
図1は本発明になる装置の概略断面図である。
【0033】
図1中、1は金型である。この金型1は、加熱用金型1aと冷却用金型1bとからなる二重構造の金型である。尚、冷却用金型1bの外側に加熱用金型1aが設けられている。そして、例えば射出成形、押出成形、ブロー成形などによって所定形状に成形されたものを金型1(冷却用金型1b)内に装填できるものとする為、金型1は半体同士を突き合わせて合体させる構造のものとなっている。従って、突合時に突合面から超臨界状態の流体の漏れが起きることのないようにシール2が設けられている。
【0034】
冷却用金型1bと加熱用金型1aとの間には、所定の通路3が設けられている。そして、この通路3には冷却媒体がノズル4から流されるようになっている。すなわち、通路3に冷却媒体を流すことによって、冷却用金型1bは外側から冷却されるよう構成されている。又、冷却用媒体は、通路3を流されるのみでなく、ノズル4から冷却用金型1bの内部に供給されるようになっている。これによって、冷却用金型1b、即ち、冷却用金型1b内壁に沿って装填されている成形品Xは、内側からも冷却されるように構成されている。
【0035】
ノズル4は、上記冷却媒体を冷却用金型1bの内外に供給するのみでなく、超臨界状態の流体を冷却用金型1bの内側に供給できるようにも構成されている。
【0036】
尚、冷却媒体として超臨界状態の流体を利用することが出来る。本実施形態にあっては、超臨界流体発生装置5からの超臨界状態の流体を切替バルブ6を介して二つの経路で供給できるように構成されている。そして、一方の経路では、そのまま、超臨界状態の流体がノズル4に供給され、超臨界状態の流体が冷却用金型1bの内外に供給され、冷却媒体として用いられる。他方の経路では、ヒーター7を介して超臨界状態の流体が冷却用金型1bの内側に供給され、発泡剤として用いられる。
【0037】
8は加熱用金型1aの外側に設けられたヒーターであり、9はリークバルブ、10は急減圧用電磁弁である。
【0038】
次に、上記装置を用いて発泡樹脂製容器の成形方法について説明する。
【0039】
先ず、冷却用金型1b内に所望の樹脂材料で成形された未発泡の成形品Xを装填する。そして、ヒーター8により加熱用金型1aを加熱し、その熱で以って冷却用金型1b内に装填された成形品を所望の温度T1に加熱する。
【0040】
次に、この温度下で、超臨界流体発生装置5からの超臨界状態の流体(二酸化炭素)を切替バルブ6を介してノズル4から冷却用金型1b内に供給する。これにより、超臨界状態の二酸化炭素が樹脂中に含浸して行く。
【0041】
所定時間経過後、切替バルブ6を切り替え、超臨界流体発生装置5からの超臨界状態の流体を冷却用金型1bの内外に供給する。これにより、加熱用金型1aからの熱影響が抑えられ、冷却用金型1bは冷却され、冷却用金型1b内壁に沿って装填されている容器状の成形品Xは温度T2に冷却される。かつ、同時に、急減圧用電磁弁10を開放させ、成形品Xの樹脂中に超臨界状態の二酸化炭素を含浸させる為に加えていた圧力を急速減圧する。この工程により、減圧開始と共に気泡核が生成し、そして成長し、発泡樹脂製のものになる。
【0042】
更に、具体的に述べると次の通りである。
【0047】
又、樹脂として非結晶性アクリル樹脂(溶融温度は130℃でガラス転移温度が95℃)を用いた場合について、超臨界二酸化炭素をポリエチレン中に含浸させる時の含浸圧力、含浸させる時の含浸温度(T1)、含浸後に冷却した減圧時の温度T2、T1からT2への降温速度(冷却速度)、T2状態における減圧速度と、発泡特性(発泡倍率、セル径、セル数)との関係を調べたので、その結果を表−5,6に示す。尚、セル径およびセル数は、走査型電子顕微鏡でサンプルを撮影し、これに基づいて求めたものである。
【0048】
【0049】
又、上記No31,35,38,39,40のものについて、そのシャルビー衝撃強度、引張強度、熱伝導率、誘電率を調べたので、その結果を表−7に示す。
【0050】
表−7
No 平均セル径 発泡倍率 シャルビー 引張強度 熱伝導率 誘電率
(μm) (倍) 衝撃強度
31 3.2 2.8 135 60 125 70
35 0.9 2.9 140 65 135 75
38 0.1 2.8 150 70 140 80
39 5.5 1.5 60 18 123 65
40 30.5 1.9 50 15 122 60
*シャルビー衝撃強度、引張強度、熱伝導率、誘電率は無発泡タイプを100とした時の相対値で表示。
【0051】
これ等の結果によれば、本発明のものは、微細な気泡が数多く出来ていることが判る。
又、機械的強度に優れていることも判る。このことは、肉厚が薄くても良いことを示唆している。
【0052】
又、上記各例の容器内部に水を入れ、そして開口部をアルミ箔で密閉し、30日間放置して水分量の変化を調べた処、本発明になる容器の方が水の減少量は少ないものであった。このことは、本発明になるものは、液漏れが起き難いことを示唆している。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
微細な気泡が数多く出来ている発泡樹脂製の流体保持体が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明になる成形装置の概略断面図
【符号の説明】
1 金型
1a 加熱用金型
1b 冷却用金型
3 冷却媒体通路
4 ノズル
5 超臨界流体発生装置
6 切替バルブ
7 ヒーター
8 ヒーター
9 リークバルブ
10 急減圧用電磁弁[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fluid holding body such as a resin container, tube, or filter that holds a fluid such as a liquid, a molding method thereof, and a molding apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Resin containers are well known in the art, and it is also well known that such containers are made of foamed resin.
By the way, when a container is comprised with foamed resin, when the wall thickness is thin, a liquid leak will occur and the function as a container will not fully be exhibited. Moreover, the mechanical strength is greatly reduced. For this reason, when it is going to comprise a container with a foamed resin, the thickness must be thickened to some extent.
[0003]
However, in the first place, the purpose of configuring the container with the foamed resin material is to reduce the weight. Nevertheless, if the wall thickness has to be increased, it will not be possible to reduce the weight sufficiently.
Thus, when a container was comprised with the foaming resin using the conventional foaming agent, the performance of the product had a limit from the characteristic on the raw material.
[0004]
By the way, it has been proposed to use a fluid in a supercritical state as a foaming agent for a foamed resin container (Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2625576 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-226467 A [Patent Document 3]
JP 2002-59449 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, even if the proposed technique is implemented, a product having sufficient foaming characteristics has not been obtained. That is, the foaming ratio is high. However, a foamed resin product characterized by a large number of bubbles having a small bubble diameter, that is, a small bubble diameter has not been obtained.
[0006]
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a foamed resin body in which many bubbles having a small bubble diameter are made.
For example, it is to provide a container that is less likely to cause liquid leakage even when the wall thickness is thin, is lightweight, and has excellent mechanical properties.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Research on foaming properties has been carried out by the inventors.
As a result, the following has been found.
First, the characteristics of the foamed resin are determined by the number of nuclei (the number of nuclei) that forms the basis of bubbles per unit volume. And having a large number of nuclei means increasing the number of bubbles. Therefore, when the number of nuclei is large, when trying to obtain the same expansion ratio, each bubble size is small. And when a bubble diameter is made fine, the improvement of a physical characteristic can be anticipated. For example, if the bubble diameter is small, it can be expected that the bubble is a closed cell, and the risk of liquid leakage is reduced accordingly. In addition, it can be expected that the mechanical strength is also large. In addition, an increase in the number of bubbles and an increase in the expansion ratio can be expected to reduce the density and weight.
[0008]
By the way, the number of nuclei, which is a factor that greatly affects the foaming characteristics, is a supercritical fluid (supercritical fluid / gas (carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide has a temperature exceeding 31.1 ° C. It becomes a supercritical state at a pressure exceeding 43 MPa.) The larger the amount of impregnation of nitrogen, oxygen, water, ethane, etc.)), the larger the amount. The smaller the amount of impregnation of the fluid in the supercritical state, the smaller the number of nuclei.
[0009]
The amount of impregnation of the fluid in the supercritical state is larger as the temperature during the impregnation is lower. Less when the temperature during impregnation is high. However, the impregnation rate of the fluid in the supercritical state is faster when the temperature during the impregnation is higher. When the temperature during impregnation is low, the impregnation rate is slow. Therefore, when the impregnation treatment is completed in a short time, it is preferable that the temperature during the impregnation is high. Moreover, the amount of impregnation of the fluid in the supercritical state is larger as the pressure during the impregnation is higher.
[0010]
Further, the number of nuclei increases as the temperature during decompression for releasing the pressure applied to impregnate the fluid in the supercritical state is lower. The higher the temperature during decompression, the smaller the number of nuclei. Also, the faster the decompression speed (shorter decompression time), the greater the number of nuclei. The slower the decompression rate, the fewer the number of nuclei. When the temperature at the time of depressurization and the depressurization speed were compared, the influence of the temperature factor was greater. For example, comparing the case where the pressure is reduced at X ° C. and the case where the pressure is reduced at (X + 10) ° C., to obtain the same number of nuclei, if the temperature is higher by 10 ° C., the pressure reduction speed must be increased by an order of magnitude or more. It was something that would not be.
[0011]
Therefore, considering only the increase in the number of nuclei, it is preferable to impregnate a supercritical fluid at a low temperature and then rapidly reduce the pressure.
[0012]
However, considering the growth of bubbles, it is not absolute that the temperature is low, and it is also important that the temperature is suitable for the growth from the nucleus to the bubbles. That is, it is preferable that the temperature is higher than the temperature at which bubble growth starts during bubble growth. As the temperature at which bubble growth starts effectively, in the case of an amorphous resin, the temperature is equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the amorphous resin, and in the case of a crystalline resin, the crystallization temperature of the crystalline resin. These temperatures were found.
[0013]
The present invention has been achieved based on such findings.
That is, the above-mentioned problem is a method of molding a foamed resin fluid holding body using an amorphous resin using a cooling mold ,
In a non-crystalline resin having a predetermined shape under a temperature (T 1 ) that is a temperature at which the product shape of the fluid holding body by the non-crystalline resin can be maintained and is higher than a temperature in a foaming process described later. An impregnation step of impregnating a fluid in a supercritical state;
A foaming step of foaming under a temperature (T 2 ) condition that is lower than the temperature in the impregnation step and equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the amorphous resin ,
The temperature drop from the impregnation step to the foaming step is solved by cooling the inside and outside of the cooling mold, and is solved by the fluid holding member molding method.
[0015]
That is, by impregnating the foaming agent (fluid in a supercritical state) at a high temperature (T 1 ) close to the melting temperature at which the product shape of the fluid holder made of resin can be maintained, high-speed impregnation in a short time becomes possible, As a result, the number of nuclei can be increased. That is, from the viewpoint of mass production, the advantage of high-speed impregnation is greater than the disadvantage of the relatively high impregnation temperature. Note that the disadvantage of the relatively high impregnation temperature can be dealt with by increasing the impregnation pressure.
[0016]
The impregnation step of impregnating the resin with the supercritical fluid is performed by pressurizing the supercritical fluid.
[0017]
Next, bubbles are effectively grown by foaming at a temperature T 2 lower than the temperature T 1 and equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (or crystallization temperature).
[0018]
This foaming is performed by releasing (depressurizing) the pressure applied to impregnate the resin with a supercritical fluid. The lower the temperature during decompression, the larger the number of nuclei on which bubbles are based. Therefore, in the present invention, allowed lowering the temperature during impregnation, i.e. it decided to vacuum is lowered to a temperature lower than the impregnation temperature T 1. However, in view of the next bubble growth after nucleation, it was decided to carry out at a temperature T 2 that is equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (crystallization temperature). Thereby, an increase in the number of nuclei can be expected and bubble growth can also be expected.
[0019]
Then, the foaming agent (supercritical fluid) is impregnated at a relatively high temperature near the melting temperature, and then the temperature is lowered (however, the temperature is lowered to a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (or crystallization temperature)) to reduce the pressure. -According to the method of the present invention for foaming, for example, after molding by an injection molding machine, the molded article is once lowered to a temperature close to room temperature, impregnated with a foaming agent (fluid in a supercritical state) at such a low temperature, Compared to foaming at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (or crystallization temperature), many bubbles with a much smaller bubble diameter were formed.
[0020]
In the present invention, the temperature at which the product shape of the fluid holding body in the impregnation step of impregnating the fluid in the supercritical state can be maintained is a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the target resin. That is, in the present invention, the impregnation of the fluid in the supercritical state is not performed, for example, when the resin forming the container is in a molten state.
[0021]
In the above-described invention, the process up to the growth of bubbles by decompression has been described. However, it is preferable to have a bubble growth stopping step that actively ends bubble growth at a desired time. This bubble growth can be stopped by cooling. In particular, bubble growth is effectively terminated by dropping to a temperature below the glass transition temperature (or crystallization temperature).
[0022]
Further, the above-mentioned problem is an apparatus for molding a fluid holding body made of foamed resin,
A cooling mold,
Impregnation means for impregnating a fluid holding body material of a predetermined shape existing inside the cooling mold with a fluid in a supercritical state;
This is solved by a fluid holding body molding apparatus comprising cooling means for cooling the inside and outside of the cooling mold.
[0023]
That is, an apparatus used in a method of molding a fluid holding body made of a foamed resin using the resin,
A cooling mold,
Impregnation means for impregnating a fluid holding body material of a predetermined shape existing inside the cooling mold with a fluid in a supercritical state;
This is solved by a fluid holding body molding apparatus comprising cooling means for cooling the inside and outside of the cooling mold.
[0024]
Since the apparatus of the present invention can cool the inside and outside of the cooling mold, rapid cooling after impregnating the fluid in a supercritical state is possible. Accordingly, rapid decompression at a low temperature is possible, the number of nuclei can be increased, and a foamed resin body can be obtained in which many bubbles with small bubble diameters are formed.
[0025]
In the said apparatus, it is preferable that the heating means (heating mold) is further provided outside the cooling mold. As a result, the heat loss required for heating can be reduced, that is, it is possible to smoothly perform the process of supplying and heating a new fluid holder in the cooling mold after decompression and foaming.
[0026]
Further, the above apparatus is further provided with a pressure reducing means for discharging the fluid in a supercritical state to the outside.
[0027]
By carrying out the above molding method or using the above molding apparatus, closed cells having a small cell diameter, for example, 0.1 to 200 μm (particularly 0.1 μm or more and 20 μm or less), which are the object of the present invention, are produced. Many, for example, 1.0 × 10 8 to 1.0 × 10 16 pieces / cm 3 (particularly 1.0 × 10 9 pieces / cm 3 or more, 1.0 × 10 15 pieces / cm 3 or less) A fluid holding body made of foamed resin is obtained.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A method for molding a fluid holding body according to the present invention is a method for molding a fluid holding body made of foamed resin using an amorphous resin, and the product shape of the fluid holding body by the amorphous resin can be maintained. An impregnation step of impregnating a non-crystalline resin of a predetermined shape with a fluid in a supercritical state under a temperature (T 1 ) condition that is higher than a temperature in a foaming step described later, and in the impregnation step And a foaming step of foaming under a temperature (T 2 ) condition that is lower than the temperature and equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the amorphous resin. The impregnation step of impregnating the resin with a supercritical fluid is performed by pressurizing the supercritical fluid (for example, 10 to 30 MPa, particularly 15 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less). The foaming is performed by releasing (depressurizing) the pressure applied to impregnate the resin with a supercritical fluid. The decompression speed at this time is preferably 0.1 to 8 MPa / s. In particular, it is 1 MPa / s or more. And it is 6 MPa / s or less. Further, the rate of temperature decrease for decreasing the temperature from T 1 to T 2 is, for example, 0.1 to 5 ° C./s. In particular, it is 0.5 ° C./s or more. And it is 3 degrees C / s or less. The temperature at which the product shape of the fluid holder in the impregnation step of impregnating the fluid in the supercritical state can be maintained is a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the target resin. In addition, the present invention further includes a bubble growth stop step for actively terminating bubble growth at a desired time. This bubble growth stop is performed by cooling. In particular, by dropping to a temperature below the glass transition temperature, bubble growth is effectively terminated.
[0029]
A fluid holding body molding apparatus according to the present invention, in particular, an apparatus for carrying out the fluid holding body molding method according to the present invention is an apparatus for molding a foamed resin fluid holding body, comprising: a cooling mold; Impregnation means for impregnating a fluid holding material having a predetermined shape existing inside the cooling mold with a fluid in a supercritical state, and cooling means for cooling the inside and outside of the cooling mold. Furthermore, a heating means (heating mold) is further provided outside the cooling mold. Further, a pressure reducing means for discharging the fluid in a supercritical state to the outside is further provided.
[0030]
The fluid holding body according to the present invention is obtained by performing the molding method or using the molding apparatus. In particular, the number of closed cells having a cell diameter of 0.1 to 200 μm (particularly 0.1 μm or more, 20 μm or less, and further 15 μm or less) is 1.0 × 10 8 to 1.0 × 10 16 cells / cm 3. (In particular, 1.0 × 10 9 pieces / cm 3 or more, 1.0 × 10 15 pieces / cm 3 or less, and further 1.0 × 10 11 pieces / cm 3 or less.)
[0031]
In this specification, the “supercritical fluid” is a gas-liquid-solid state inherent in a substance, a critical point exists between the gas and the liquid, and a temperature / pressure above the critical point. If it becomes, it will become a high-density fluid phase in which condensation does not occur, and it is what exists in such a state. The glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization temperature (Tc), and the melting temperature (Tm) are respectively the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crystallization temperature (Tc) in a state where the fluid in a supercritical state is impregnated. And the melting temperature (Tm).
[0032]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus according to the present invention.
[0033]
In FIG. 1, 1 is a metal mold | die. The mold 1 is a double-structured mold including a heating mold 1a and a cooling mold 1b. A heating mold 1a is provided outside the cooling mold 1b. Then, for example, in order to be able to be loaded into a mold 1 (cooling mold 1b) that has been molded into a predetermined shape by injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding or the like, the mold 1 is abutted against each other. It has a structure to unite. Therefore, the seal 2 is provided so that the supercritical fluid does not leak from the abutting surface during the abutting.
[0034]
A predetermined passage 3 is provided between the cooling mold 1b and the heating mold 1a. A cooling medium flows from the nozzle 4 in the passage 3. That is, the cooling mold 1b is configured to be cooled from the outside by flowing a cooling medium through the passage 3. Further, the cooling medium is supplied not only through the passage 3 but also from the nozzle 4 into the cooling mold 1b. Thus, the cooling mold 1b, that is, the molded product X loaded along the inner wall of the cooling mold 1b is configured to be cooled also from the inside.
[0035]
The nozzle 4 is configured not only to supply the cooling medium into and out of the cooling mold 1b but also to supply a supercritical fluid to the inside of the cooling mold 1b.
[0036]
A supercritical fluid can be used as the cooling medium. In the present embodiment, the fluid in the supercritical state from the supercritical fluid generator 5 can be supplied via the switching valve 6 in two paths. In one path, the supercritical fluid is supplied to the nozzle 4 as it is, and the supercritical fluid is supplied to the inside and outside of the cooling mold 1b and used as a cooling medium. In the other path, a fluid in a supercritical state is supplied to the inside of the cooling mold 1b via the heater 7 and used as a foaming agent.
[0037]
8 is a heater provided outside the heating mold 1a, 9 is a leak valve, and 10 is an electromagnetic valve for rapid pressure reduction.
[0038]
Next, a method for forming a foamed resin container using the above apparatus will be described.
[0039]
First, an unfoamed molded product X molded from a desired resin material is loaded into the cooling mold 1b. Then, the heating mold 1a is heated by the heater 8 heats the molded article loaded in the cooling mold in 1b I than in its heat to the desired temperature T 1.
[0040]
Next, under this temperature, the supercritical fluid (carbon dioxide) from the supercritical fluid generator 5 is supplied from the nozzle 4 into the cooling mold 1b via the switching valve 6. Thereby, the carbon dioxide in a supercritical state is impregnated in the resin.
[0041]
After a predetermined time elapses, the switching valve 6 is switched to supply the supercritical fluid from the supercritical fluid generator 5 into and out of the cooling mold 1b. Thus, thermal influence of the heating mold 1a is suppressed, the cooling die 1b is cooled, the molded article X of the container shape is loaded along the cooling mold 1b inner wall cooled to temperature T 2 Is done. At the same time, the rapid pressure reducing solenoid valve 10 is opened, and the pressure applied to impregnate the resin of the molded product X with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state is rapidly reduced. By this process, bubble nuclei are generated and grown with the start of decompression, and become foamed resin.
[0042]
More specifically, it is as follows.
[0047]
In addition, when an amorphous acrylic resin (melting temperature is 130 ° C. and glass transition temperature is 95 ° C.) is used as the resin, the impregnation pressure when impregnating supercritical carbon dioxide into polyethylene, and the impregnation temperature when impregnating (T 1 ), temperature T 2 at reduced pressure cooled after impregnation, rate of cooling from T 1 to T 2 (cooling rate), rate of pressure reduction in T 2 state, and foaming characteristics (foaming ratio, cell diameter, number of cells) The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6. The cell diameter and the number of cells are obtained based on a sample taken with a scanning electron microscope.
[0048]
[0049]
Moreover, the Charby impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and dielectric constant of the No. 31, 35, 38, 39, and 40 were examined, and the results are shown in Table 7.
[0050]
Table-7
No Average cell diameter Foaming ratio Charby Tensile strength Thermal conductivity Dielectric constant (μm) (times) Impact strength 31 3.2 2.8 135 60 125 70
35 0.9 2.9 140 65 135 75
38 0.1 2.8 150 70 140 80
39 5.5 1.5 60 18 123 65
40 30.5 1.9 50 15 122 60
* Charby impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and dielectric constant are displayed as relative values when the non-foaming type is 100.
[0051]
From these results, it can be seen that the present invention has many fine bubbles.
Moreover, it turns out that it is excellent in mechanical strength. This suggests that the wall thickness may be thin.
[0052]
Moreover, water was put into the container of each of the above examples, the opening was sealed with aluminum foil, and the change in the amount of water was examined by leaving it for 30 days. There were few things. This suggests that the liquid leakage hardly occurs in the present invention.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
A fluid holding body made of foamed resin in which many fine bubbles are made is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a molding apparatus according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mold 1a Heating mold 1b Cooling mold 3 Cooling medium passage 4 Nozzle 5 Supercritical fluid generator 6 Switching valve 7 Heater 8 Heater 9 Leak valve 10 Solenoid valve for rapid pressure reduction
Claims (6)
前記非結晶性樹脂による流体保持体の製品形状が保持可能な温度であって、かつ、後述の発泡工程における温度よりも高い温度(T1)条件下で、所定形状の非結晶性樹脂中に超臨界状態の流体を含浸させる含浸工程と、
前記含浸工程における温度よりも低い温度であって、かつ、非結晶性樹脂のガラス転移温度以上の温度(T2)条件下において、発泡させる発泡工程
とを具備し、
前記含浸工程時から発泡工程時における温度低下は前記冷却用金型の内外を冷却することにより行われる
ことを特徴とする流体保持体の成形方法。A method of molding a fluid holding body made of foamed resin using an amorphous resin using a cooling mold,
In a non-crystalline resin having a predetermined shape under a temperature (T 1 ) that is a temperature at which the product shape of the fluid holding body by the non-crystalline resin can be maintained and is higher than a temperature in a foaming process described later. An impregnation step of impregnating a fluid in a supercritical state;
A foaming step of foaming under a temperature (T 2 ) condition that is lower than the temperature in the impregnation step and equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the amorphous resin,
The method of forming a fluid holding body, wherein the temperature reduction from the impregnation step to the foaming step is performed by cooling the inside and outside of the cooling mold.
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