JP4022677B2 - Method for producing pyrogallol - Google Patents
Method for producing pyrogallol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4022677B2 JP4022677B2 JP32428197A JP32428197A JP4022677B2 JP 4022677 B2 JP4022677 B2 JP 4022677B2 JP 32428197 A JP32428197 A JP 32428197A JP 32428197 A JP32428197 A JP 32428197A JP 4022677 B2 JP4022677 B2 JP 4022677B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pyrogallol
- reaction
- lactone
- alkali
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は写真の現像薬、分析用試薬、医農薬の中間原料等として有用なピロガロールの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、ピロガロールは天然物より抽出される没食子酸の脱カルボキシル化反応により製造される。天然物を原料とするためピロガロールは高価であり、かつ供給が不安定等の問題を有する。そのため、より安価な工業原料からピロガロールを製造する方法の開発が強く望まれている。
【0003】
上記の問題を解決する方法として、2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンからピロガロールを製造する方法が既に知られている(特公昭60−30659号公報参照)。同公報には、例えば、2,2,6,6−テトラクロロシクロヘキサノンと、酢酸ナトリウムのような、カルボン酸とアルカリから調製したカルボン酸塩とを水溶液中で作用させることによりピロガロールを製造する方法が開示されており、以下に示す反応式に基づいて反応が進行する。
【0004】
【化2】
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特公昭60−30659号公報に記載の方法は次の欠点を有するため安価かつ簡便な方法とはいい難い。
【0006】
1)反応溶媒として過剰の酢酸を必要とするため、系は終始酸性で、かつ高温反応のため、装置腐食の恐れがある。
【0007】
2)上式から明らかなように、反応後は水が生成するため、再生された酢酸水溶液は濃度が低下する。すなわち、この酢酸水溶液をリサイクルしようとすれば酢酸と水の分離が必要になるが、一般に酢酸と水の分離は非常に困難で、高段数の蒸留装置等の専用装置を必要とする。したがって、上記の方法は経済的な製造方法とはいい難い。
【0008】
本発明は上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、従来の方法では満足できなかったピロガロールの製造方法を提供することにある。すなわち、従来の問題点を解決し、安価で効率的なピロガロールの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討した結果、次の手段によりピロガロールを製造することにより、前記した問題点を解決し、ピロガロールが安価で効率的に製造可能となることを見出し本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0010】
すなわち本発明は、下記一般式(I)
【0011】
【化3】
【0012】
(式中、Xはハロゲン原子を表す。)で示される2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンを、ラクトン及び一般式MOH(式中、Mはアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属を表す。)で示されるアルカリと反応させることを特徴とするピロガロールの製造方法である。
【0013】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0014】
本発明の反応に使用する2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンは、上記一般式(I)で示される化合物であり、例えば、2,2,6,6−テトラクロロシクロヘキサノン、2,2,6,6−テトラブロモシクロヘキサノン等が挙げられる。
【0015】
また、本発明に使用するラクトンは、例えば、β−プロピオラクトン、β−ブチロラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、テトロン酸、γ−バレロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、α−ピロン、γ−カプロラクトン、δ−カプロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン等が挙げられる。例示したこれらのラクトンは単独で用いても良いし、2種以上を混合して用いても良い。通常はγ−ブチロラクトンが用いられる。
【0016】
本発明において上記一般式MOHで示されるアルカリとしては、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、すなわちLiOH、NaOH、KOH、Be(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2等が挙げられる。これらのアルカリは単独で用いてもよいし、混合して用いても良い。
【0017】
本発明において、ラクトンの使用量は特に限定するものではないが、2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンに対して4.0〜20.0モル比の範囲が好ましい。このモル比が4.0より小では、十分な溶媒効果が得らない場合があり、20.0より大であれば、ラクトンの使用量が著しく増加して経済的ではない。
【0018】
またアルカリの使用量は特に限定されないが、2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンに対して少なくとも4.0モル比を用いるのが好ましい。
【0019】
本発明の反応温度に格別の限定はないが、通常は溶媒の還流温度が選ばれる。
【0020】
本発明の反応圧力について、格別の限定はないが、通常、大気圧以上の圧力で実施される。
【0021】
本発明において、2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノンと、ラクトン及びアルカリを反応させてピロガロールが生成するメカニズムは以下に説明する通りであると考えられるが、本発明は以下の理論によって拘束されるものではない。すなわち、ラクトンとアルカリから生成したヒドロキシカルボン酸塩が、2,2,6,6−テトラハロシクロヘキサノン上のハロゲン原子と置換しエステルを形成し、さらにこのエステルが加水分解し、転位が起こってピロガロールを生成するものである。
【0022】
【化4】
【0023】
このとき、ヒドロキシカルボン酸は加水分解と同時に閉環して再びラクトンに再生する.従って反応液は終始中性条件付近に保たれ、高温のような条件下においても容器の腐食の問題が少ない。
【0024】
反応後は、通常の処理操作、例えば、抽出、濃縮、再結晶等によってピロガロールを得ることができる。また、反応後に再生されるラクトン水溶液は反応時に生成した水によって濃度が低下しているが、ラクトンと水の分離は単純な蒸留操作で容易に可能であり、また回収したラクトンを再度用いても反応上何ら支障はない。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように本発明の方法によれば、従来の問題点を解決してピロガロールを安価にかつ効率的に製造することが可能となる。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の方法を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0027】
実施例1
γ−ブチロラクトン(172.2g,2.0モル)に48%KOH水溶液(116.9g,1.0モル)を加え、水を蒸留除去しながら170℃まで加熱した。その後冷却し2,2,6,6−テトラクロロシクロヘキサノン(47.2g,0.2モル)及び除去した水を再び加え、2時間加熱還流させた。反応終了後、得られた反応液をガスクロマトグラフィ−で分析した結果、ピロガロールが78%の収率で生成していた。
【0028】
実施例2
48%KOH水溶液の代わりに48%NaOH水溶液を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に反応を行ったところ、ピロガロールが70%の収率で生成していた。
【0029】
実施例3
一旦除去した水を再び加えずそのまま反応を実施した他は、実施例1と同様に反応を行ったところ、ピロガロールが57%の収率で生成していた。
【0030】
実施例4
2、2、6、6−テトラクロロシクロヘキサノンの代わりに2、2、6、6−テトラブロモシクロヘキサノン(82.7g,0.2モル)を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に反応を行ったところ、ピロガロールが74%の収率で生成していた。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing pyrogallol useful as a photographic developer, an analytical reagent, an intermediate raw material for medical and agricultural chemicals, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, pyrogallol is produced by decarboxylation of gallic acid extracted from natural products. Since natural materials are used as raw materials, pyrogallol is expensive and has problems such as unstable supply. Therefore, development of a method for producing pyrogallol from cheaper industrial raw materials is strongly desired.
[0003]
As a method for solving the above problem, a method for producing pyrogallol from 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone is already known (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-30659). In the publication, for example, a method for producing pyrogallol by allowing 2,2,6,6-tetrachlorocyclohexanone and a carboxylic acid salt prepared from an alkali such as sodium acetate to act in an aqueous solution. Is disclosed, and the reaction proceeds based on the reaction formula shown below.
[0004]
[Chemical 2]
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-30659 has the following drawbacks, and is not an inexpensive and simple method.
[0006]
1) Since an excess of acetic acid is required as a reaction solvent, the system is acidic all the time and there is a risk of equipment corrosion due to a high temperature reaction.
[0007]
2) As is apparent from the above formula, water is generated after the reaction, so that the concentration of the regenerated acetic acid aqueous solution decreases. That is, if this acetic acid aqueous solution is to be recycled, it is necessary to separate acetic acid and water, but generally it is very difficult to separate acetic acid and water, and a dedicated device such as a high-stage distillation apparatus is required. Therefore, the above method is not an economical manufacturing method.
[0008]
This invention is made | formed in view of said subject, The objective is to provide the manufacturing method of pyrogallol which was not satisfied with the conventional method. That is, an object is to solve the conventional problems and to provide an inexpensive and efficient method for producing pyrogallol.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that pyrogallol can be produced inexpensively and efficiently by solving the above problems by producing pyrogallol by the following means. The present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, the present invention provides the following general formula (I)
[0011]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[0012]
(Wherein, X represents a halogen atom), 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone represented by lactone and general formula MOH (wherein M represents an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal) It is made to react with the alkali shown by the manufacturing method of pyrogallol characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0014]
2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone used in the reaction of the present invention is a compound represented by the above general formula (I), for example, 2,2,6,6-tetrachlorocyclohexanone, 2,2 , 6,6-tetrabromocyclohexanone and the like.
[0015]
Examples of the lactone used in the present invention include β-propiolactone, β-butyrolactone, γ-butyrolactone, tetronic acid, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, α-pyrone, γ-caprolactone, and δ-caprolactone. , Ε-caprolactone and the like. These exemplified lactones may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Usually, γ-butyrolactone is used.
[0016]
In the present invention, the alkali represented by the general formula MOH includes alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, that is, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Be (OH) 2 , Mg (OH) 2 , and Ca (OH) 2. Etc. These alkalis may be used alone or in combination.
[0017]
In the present invention, the amount of lactone used is not particularly limited, but a range of 4.0 to 20.0 molar ratio to 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone is preferable. If the molar ratio is less than 4.0, sufficient solvent effect may not be obtained. If the molar ratio is more than 20.0, the amount of lactone used is remarkably increased, which is not economical.
[0018]
The amount of alkali used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use at least a 4.0 molar ratio with respect to 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone.
[0019]
The reaction temperature of the present invention is not particularly limited, but usually the reflux temperature of the solvent is selected.
[0020]
Although there is no special limitation about the reaction pressure of this invention, Usually, it implements by the pressure more than atmospheric pressure.
[0021]
In the present invention, the mechanism by which 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone, lactone and alkali are reacted to produce pyrogallol is considered as described below, but the present invention is restricted by the following theory. Is not to be done. That is, a hydroxycarboxylate salt formed from a lactone and an alkali is substituted with a halogen atom on 2,2,6,6-tetrahalocyclohexanone to form an ester, and this ester is further hydrolyzed, causing rearrangement and pyrogallol. Is generated.
[0022]
[Formula 4]
[0023]
At this time, the hydroxycarboxylic acid is cyclized simultaneously with the hydrolysis and regenerated into a lactone again. Therefore, the reaction solution is kept near neutral conditions throughout, and there are few problems of corrosion of the container even under high temperature conditions.
[0024]
After the reaction, pyrogallol can be obtained by ordinary processing operations such as extraction, concentration, recrystallization and the like. In addition, the concentration of the aqueous lactone solution regenerated after the reaction is reduced by the water produced during the reaction, but separation of the lactone and water can be easily performed by a simple distillation operation, and the recovered lactone can be used again. There is no problem in the reaction.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to solve the conventional problems and produce pyrogallol at low cost and efficiently.
[0026]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The method of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0027]
Example 1
48% KOH aqueous solution (116.9 g, 1.0 mol) was added to γ-butyrolactone (172.2 g, 2.0 mol), and the mixture was heated to 170 ° C. while removing water by distillation. After cooling, 2,2,6,6-tetrachlorocyclohexanone (47.2 g, 0.2 mol) and the removed water were added again, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the resulting reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, pyrogallol was produced in a yield of 78%.
[0028]
Example 2
A reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 48% NaOH aqueous solution was used instead of the 48% KOH aqueous solution, and pyrogallol was produced in a yield of 70%.
[0029]
Example 3
A reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction was carried out as it was without adding the water once removed. As a result, pyrogallol was produced in a yield of 57%.
[0030]
Example 4
The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2,2,6,6-tetrabromocyclohexanone (82.7 g, 0.2 mol) was used instead of 2,2,6,6-tetrachlorocyclohexanone. As a result, pyrogallol was produced with a yield of 74%.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32428197A JP4022677B2 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Method for producing pyrogallol |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32428197A JP4022677B2 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Method for producing pyrogallol |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11158099A JPH11158099A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| JP4022677B2 true JP4022677B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32428197A Expired - Fee Related JP4022677B2 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1997-11-26 | Method for producing pyrogallol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4022677B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4882186B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2012-02-22 | Dic株式会社 | Method for producing 6-hydroxytetralin |
-
1997
- 1997-11-26 JP JP32428197A patent/JP4022677B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11158099A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
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