Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4058769B2 - Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4058769B2 - Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs - Google Patents

Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4058769B2
JP4058769B2 JP29655496A JP29655496A JP4058769B2 JP 4058769 B2 JP4058769 B2 JP 4058769B2 JP 29655496 A JP29655496 A JP 29655496A JP 29655496 A JP29655496 A JP 29655496A JP 4058769 B2 JP4058769 B2 JP 4058769B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
weight
aluminum alloy
composite material
railway vehicle
ceramic particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP29655496A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH10140275A (en
Inventor
洋史 東口
精市 古谷
篤司 坂口
泰三 牧野
和久 渋江
喜正 大久保
宏樹 江崎
康夫 大福根
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority to JP29655496A priority Critical patent/JP4058769B2/en
Publication of JPH10140275A publication Critical patent/JPH10140275A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4058769B2 publication Critical patent/JP4058769B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄道車両に用いられる摩擦によって機械的に制動力を得るディスクブレーキ用アルミニウム合金複合材料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄道車両や自動車および自動二輪車などの機械的制動方式には、ブロックブレーキ、ドラムブレーキおよびディスクブレーキなどがあり、近年は車両の高速化や大積載化に伴い、ディスクブレーキが多用されるようになってきた。このディスクブレーキとは、ブレーキディスクとブレーキライニング(摩擦材)との摩擦によって制動力を得る装置で、鉄道車両の場合を例にあげれば、ドーナツ形の円盤状の摺動面と、その摺動面を後背部で支持し車輪などの回転部分に取りつける基部とによって構成され、走行時回転している摺動面にブレーキライニングを押し付けることにより制動力を得る。この摺動面を有する円盤形状の部品をブレーキディスクと称する。
【0003】
ブレーキディスクに用いられる材料は、制動時の摩擦による摩耗と、急激な温度上昇があるため、耐摩耗性、耐熱性、耐熱亀裂性が要求される。この熱亀裂とは、制動ごとに生ずる熱応力の繰り返しのために発生する熱疲労亀裂のことである。
【0004】
従来、このブレーキディスクには鋳鉄、鍛鋼、ステンレス鋼などの一体ものが使用されてきた。しかしながら、車両の高速化、地球環境保護のための省エネルギー対策としての軽量化、バネ下重量低減による乗り心地改善、等の要求からブレーキディスクにもアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金を使う動向が見られようになってきた。アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金は、鋳鉄や鍛鋼に比して、耐摩耗性、耐熱性、耐熱亀裂性のいずれをとっても劣るが、熱伝導度が良好なため発生した摩擦熱が速やかに放散するので、摺動面の温度上昇を鋼製のブレーキディスクよりはるかに低く抑えることが可能である。このため、耐熱性や耐熱亀裂性は、材料強度から推測されるほどには低下しない。しかし、強度が低いので耐摩耗性は大幅に劣り、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金そのものをブレーキディスクに適用することは困難であるとされてきた。
【0005】
このようにアルミニウムが良好な熱伝導を有し、かつ軽量であることを活かしたブレーキディスクとして、アルミニウム合金のディスクまたはドラムの摺動面に、耐摩耗性のすぐれた 2〜4 %C、10〜30%Crの鉄合金をプラズマ溶射や鋳ぐるみ法にて被覆させたブレーキ部材の発明が特開昭60-89558号公報に示されている。しかしながらこの場合、被覆したFe-C-Cr合金層と基部のアルミニウム合金との弾性率や熱膨張係数の違いから、繰り返し使用によってその境界面で剥離を生じてくるという問題がある。
【0006】
また、アルミニウムそのものの耐摩耗性を向上させる方法として、特開昭59-173234号公報には、自動車や二輪車用を対象に粒子状や繊維状のAl23 、SiC、Si34 等のセラミックスを分散させたブレーキロータ(ディスク)の発明が提示されている。しかし、このような複合材料は、耐摩耗性にはすぐれているが曲げ性や靱性は劣り、また高価である。さらに、特開平8-176712号公報には、Al-Mg系アルミニウム合金の鋳造材にセラミックス粒子を分散させたブレーキディスクが、制動時にディスクが高温に曝されても耐え得る材料として提案されている。そのほか同様な提案が、特開平2-25538号公報、特開平3-47945号公報、特開平4-173936号公報にみられる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記に提案されたブレーキディスク用アルミニウム合金材料は、鋳造によって製造されるものであり、高温強度に劣るという心配がある。
【0008】
本発明の目的は、高温強度、耐摩耗性、熱間鍛造性および切削加工性などに優れた鉄道車両のブレーキディスク用アルミニウム合金複合材料を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、アルミニウム合金複合材料の高温特性、耐摩耗性について研究を重ね、アルミニウム合金マトリックス中にAl-Fe金属間化合物を析出させると高温特性が向上すること、およびセラミックス粒子を分散させると耐摩耗性が向上することを見いだし、本発明を完成した。
【0010】
本発明の要旨は、次の(1)〜(3)のいずれかに示すブレーキディスク用複合材料にある。
【0011】
(1)Feを5.0〜10.0重量%と、Vを0.2〜3.0重量%とを含有し、残部Alおよび不純物からなり、かつ平均粒径が5μm以下のAl−Fe系金属間化合物が析出したアルミニウム合金マトリックスに、平均粒径が1〜20μmのセラミックス粒子が5〜30重量%分散していることを特徴とする高温強度に優れた鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。
(2)Vの一部に代えて、Mo、Zr、Ti、Cr、MnおよびNiの中から選ばれた1種または2種以上を、Vと合計で0.2〜3.0重量%含有することを特徴とする、上記(1)の鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。
【0012】
(3)セラミック粒子は、SiC、Al23、AlNおよびSi34の中から選ばれた1種または2種以上の粒子であることを特徴とする、上記(1)又は(2)の鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の複合材料におけるアルミニウム合金成分の量を限定した理由について説明する。
【0014】
Fe:
Feは、アルミニウムマトリックスにAl-Fe-X系金属間化合物を形成し、これらが微細かつ多量に分散することによって、常温強度および高温強度を高める効果がある。金属間化合物の平均粒径が5μmを超えると強度の向上効果がほとんどなくなる。Fe含有量が5.0重量%未満では金属間化合物粒子の量が不足して強度が十分でない。また、10.0重量%を超えると強度を高める効果が飽和するとともに延性および靱性が低下する。したがって、Fe含有量を5.0〜10.0重量%とした。
【0015】
V:
Al-Fe-V系金属間化合物を形成し、金属間化合物の熱的安定性を高める。また、一部はAl-V系金属間化合物として分散する。この結果、強度、特に高温強度を高める。の含有量は、0.2重量%未満ではその効果がなく、3.0重量%を超えるとそれらの効果が飽和するとともに延性および靭性が低下する。したがって、の含有量は、0.2〜3.0重量%とした。
Ti、Mo、Zr、Cr、MnおよびNi:
Vに加えて、Ti、Mo、Zr、Cr、MnおよびNiの中から選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有させることができる。これらの元素は、Al - Fe - V系金属間化合物のV成分の一部と置換してなる金属間化合物を形成し、金属間化合物の熱的安定性を高めることができる。この結果、強度、特に高温強度を高める。これらの元素の含有量は、Vと合計して、0.2重量%未満ではその効果がなく3.0重量%を超えるとその効果が飽和するとともに延性および靭性が低下する。したがって、Ti、Mo、Zr、Cr、MnおよびNiの中から選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有させるときの含有量は、Vと合計して、0.2〜3.0重量%とした。
【0016】
セラミックス粒子:
セラミックス粒子は、アルミニウム合金マトリックスに分散され、耐摩耗性を向上させる。また、SiCおよびAlNのセラミックス粒子は、熱伝導(それぞれ120 W/mK、150 W/mKとアルミニウム合金に近似している)を低下させずに耐摩耗性を向上させる。セラミックス粒子としては、ビッカース硬さが500以上であるセラミックス粒子であればよく、たとえばSiC、Al23、AlN、Si34などの粒子が用いられる。
【0017】
セラミック粒子の含有量は、5.0重量%未満では耐摩耗性を向上させる効果が得られず、30.0重量%を超えると材料の熱間鍛造性および機械加工性(切削加工性)が劣化してブレーキディスクの製造が困難となる。したがって、セラミック粒子の含有量は、5.0〜30.0重量%とした。
【0018】
セラミックス粒子の平均粒径は、1.0μm未満では粒子が凝集を起こし、耐摩耗性および靱性を低下させる。また、20.0μmを超えると材料の機械加工性(切削加工性)を低下させる。したがって、セラミックス粒子の平均粒径は1.0〜20.0μmとした。望ましくは5.0μm未満である。
【0019】
次ぎに、本発明のブレーキディスク用アルミニウム合金複合材の製造方法について説明する。
【0020】
本発明のブレーキディスク用アルミニウム合金複合材は、公知の粉末冶金法またはスプレーフォーミング法によって製造され、Al-Fe金属間化合物を微細に析出させ、セラミックス粒子を均一に分散させる。
【0021】
粉末冶金法は、所定の組成を有するアルミニウム合金粉末と、セラミックス粒子を所望の割合で配合し、十分に混合する。均一な混合状態を得るためには、アルミニウム合金粉末は微細であることが望ましく、通常100μm以下の粉末が使用される。次いで、混合粉末を容器(缶ともいう)に充填し、混合粉末を400〜500℃の温度に加熱しながら容器の内部を真空排気、あるいは不活性ガスで置換して、アルミニウム合金粉末およびセラミックス粒子の表面に吸着しているガスおよび水分を除去する脱ガス処理をおこなう。続いて、容器内に充填されている上記の混合粉末を、容器とともにホットプレスすることにより固化成形し、混合粉末を99%以上の緻密度にする。固化成形後、そのままあるいは適当な大きさに切断して、鍛造および機械加工(切削加工)を行い、ブレーキディスクに仕上げる。
【0022】
スプレーフォーミング法は、所定の組成を有するアルミニウム合金を溶製し、溶湯を流下させながら窒素ガスを吹き付け液滴化し、溶湯を流下させる下方に回転する円板を設け、その上に液滴を半凝固状態で堆積させる。このとき、窒素ガス中にセラミックス粒子を含ませ、アルミニウム合金と共に堆積させ、プレフォームを製作する。
【0023】
本発明のアルミニウム合金複合材料とは、上記固化後の成形体、鍛造後の成形体、機械加工後の成形体など、製造の途中工程にある半製品および最終製品を意味する。
【0024】
【実施例】
表1に示すNo.1〜No.13およびNo.15〜No.22のアルミニウム合金複合材料は、粉末冶金法により製作した。すなわち、エアアトマイズ法によってアルミニウム合金粉末を製造し、これを100μmに分級した。これとSiC等のセラミックス粒子を強制撹拌羽根付きクロスロータリーミキサーによって15分間混合し、混合粉末を外径90mm、高さ200mmの容器に充填した後、480℃の温度で1時間真空脱ガス処理を施して封缶し、これを内径90mmの閉塞金型に装填し、400℃の温度で、500Tonの押圧力でホットプレス固化成形した。更に、400℃の温度で一軸の自由鍛造によって固化成形体の高さが1/2になるまで鍛錬加工(鍛錬比2.0)を行い、試験体を製作した。なお、SiC等のセラミックス粒子は市販のものを使用したので、その「平均粒径」は、公称寸法を意味する。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0004058769
【0026】
表1に示すNo.14のアルミニウム合金複合材料は、スプレーフォーミング法によって作製した。すなわち、所定成分のアルミニウム合金を溶製し、溶湯を流下させながら窒素ガスを吹き付け液滴化し、溶湯を流下させる下方に回転する円板を設け、その上に液滴を半凝固状態で堆積させる。このとき、窒素ガス中にSiC粒子を含ませ、アルミニウム合金と共に堆積させた。得られたプリフォーム(堆積鋳造物)は、直径約180mm、高さ約300mmであった。得られたプリフォームから直径100mm、高さ100mmの円柱を切り出し、400℃で一軸の自由鍛造によって高さが1/2(50mm)になるまで鍛錬加工(鍛錬比2.0)を行い、試験体を製作した。
【0027】
No.23およびNo.24のアルミニウム合金複合材料は、従来公知のコンポキャスティング法によって製造した。すなわち、所定の成分のアルミニウム合金が固液共存状態となるようにNo.23材料では約730℃、No.24材料では約615℃に保ち、撹拌しながらSiC粒子を添加、混合し、内径150mm、深さ50mmの金型に鋳造した。続いて、その鋳塊を400℃の温度で高さが40mmになるまで鍛錬加工(鍛錬比1.25)を行い、試験体を製作した。
【0028】
得られた試験体から、顕微鏡観察試片、引張試験片、摩耗試験片を採取し試験に供した。
【0029】
Al-Fe系金属間化合物粒子の平均粒径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)の観察から求めた。
【0030】
引張試験は、上記試験体からJIS 4号引張試験片を製作し、常温および300℃の温度で行った。
【0031】
摩耗試験は、ピン・ディスク式摩耗試験機を使用し、ディスク側を本発明の複合材料(直径60mm)、ピン側に市販の銅系ブレーキパッド材料(直径5mm)を使用した。試験条件は、面圧を1MPa、摩擦速度:5m/s、潤滑なし、摩擦時間10分間とした。摩耗量は、ディスクの摩耗深さを表面あらさ計で測定した。それらの試験結果を表2に示した。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0004058769
【0033】
表1および表2から、本発明のNo.1〜No.14の材料は、本発明で定める成分範囲と、所定のセラミックス粒子が存在するので、300℃における引張強さが210MPa以上、摩耗量が0.05mm以下と、引張性質および摩耗特性に優れている。これらの材料は、粉末冶金法およびスプレーフォーミング法によって製造されたので、Al-Fe系金属間化合物の平均粒径は0.2〜0.4μmと微細になり、特に高温引張特性に優れている。
【0034】
これに対して比較例のNo.15の材料は、SiCの分散量が3重量%と少ないため、摩耗量が0.2mmと多い。No.16の材料は、SiCの分散量が35重量%と多いため、鍛錬加工時に割れが発生した。しかし、割れのない部分から試験片を切り出し試験した結果、引張り伸びが300℃で9%と低い。No.17の材料は、SiC粒子の粒径が0.5μmと小さく、SiC粒子が凝集して均一分散ができなかった。したがって、摩耗量が0.1mmと多い。No.18の材料は、SiC粒子の粒径が30μmと大きいため、切削加工性が悪い。しかし、摩耗量は0.05mm以下と少ないが、ピン材の摩耗が多く、ブレーキ材として適当ではない。
【0035】
No.19の材料は、Fe含有量が4.0重量%と少ないため、常温および300℃の引張強さが270MPaおよび197MPaと低い。No.20の材料、Fe含有量が12.0重量%と多く、常温および300℃の伸びが5%および12%と小さい。
【0036】
No.21の材料は、Fe以外の添加元素を含有しないため、常温および300℃の引張強さが274MPaおよび195MPaと低い。No.22の材料は、Zrを1.0重量%、Vを3.0重量%含有し、その合計含有量が3.0重量%を超えるため、常温および300℃の引張り伸びが6%および12%と小さい。
【0037】
No.23の材料は、発明例のNo.2の材料をコンポキャスティング法によって製造したものであり、Al-Fe金属間化合物粒子の平均粒径が10μmと大きく、鍛錬加工時に割れが発生した。しかし、割れのない部分から試験片を切り出し、試験を行った結果、常温および300℃の引張強さは183MPaおよび107MPaと低く、伸びも1%および4%と低い。No.24の材料は、JISに5083合金として規定されているAl-Mg系アルミニウム合金に、コンポキャスティング法によってSiC粉末を分散させて製造した。したがって、Al-Fe金属間化合物粒子が存在しないので、300℃における引張強さは117MPaと低い。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるアルミニウム複合材料は、マトリックスのアルミニウム合金中にAl-Fe金属間化合物粒子を微細に析出させ、さらにセラミックス粒子を分散させたものである。したがって、高温強度と耐摩耗性にきわめて優れている。この複合材料を鉄道車両のブレーキディスクに使用すると、車両のバネ下重量の低減を可能として、車両の高速化が可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy composite material for a disc brake that mechanically obtains a braking force by friction used in a railway vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Mechanical brake systems such as railway vehicles, automobiles and motorcycles include block brakes, drum brakes, and disc brakes. Recently, disc brakes have been used frequently as the speed of vehicles increases and the load increases. I came. This disc brake is a device that obtains braking force by friction between a brake disc and a brake lining (friction material). For example, in the case of a railway vehicle, a donut-shaped disc-shaped sliding surface and its sliding A braking force is obtained by pressing a brake lining against a sliding surface that is rotating during traveling. A disk-shaped component having this sliding surface is referred to as a brake disk.
[0003]
The material used for the brake disc is required to have wear resistance, heat resistance, and heat crack resistance because of wear due to friction during braking and rapid temperature rise. This thermal crack is a thermal fatigue crack that occurs due to the repetition of thermal stress that occurs at each braking.
[0004]
Conventionally, such brake discs have been used in one piece such as cast iron, forged steel, and stainless steel. However, there is a trend to use aluminum and aluminum alloys for brake discs due to demands for higher vehicle speed, lighter weight as an energy-saving measure to protect the global environment, and improved ride comfort by reducing unsprung weight. I came. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are inferior to cast iron and forged steel in all of wear resistance, heat resistance, and heat crack resistance, but because the frictional heat generated is dissipated quickly due to good thermal conductivity, sliding is difficult. It is possible to keep the temperature rise of the moving surface much lower than that of steel brake discs. For this reason, heat resistance and heat crack resistance do not fall as much as estimated from the material strength. However, since the strength is low, the wear resistance is significantly inferior, and it has been difficult to apply aluminum or aluminum alloy itself to the brake disc.
[0005]
As a brake disk that makes use of the fact that aluminum has good heat conduction and is lightweight, the sliding surface of an aluminum alloy disk or drum has an excellent wear resistance of 2 to 4% C, 10 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-89558 discloses an invention of a brake member in which an iron alloy of ˜30% Cr is coated by plasma spraying or casting. However, in this case, there is a problem that peeling occurs at the boundary surface due to repeated use due to the difference in elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient between the coated Fe—C—Cr alloy layer and the base aluminum alloy.
[0006]
Further, as a method for improving the wear resistance of aluminum itself, JP-A-59-173234 discloses particulate or fibrous Al 2 O 3 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 and the like for automobiles and motorcycles. An invention of a brake rotor (disc) in which ceramics of the above are dispersed has been proposed. However, such a composite material is excellent in wear resistance but is inferior in bendability and toughness, and is expensive. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-176712 proposes a brake disc in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an Al—Mg-based aluminum alloy casting material as a material that can withstand even when the disc is exposed to high temperatures during braking. . Other similar proposals can be found in JP-A-2-25538, JP-A-3-47945, and JP-A-4-173936.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The aluminum alloy material for brake discs proposed above is manufactured by casting, and there is a concern that the high temperature strength is inferior.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy composite material for a brake disc of a railway vehicle that is excellent in high-temperature strength, wear resistance, hot forgeability, and machinability.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have repeatedly studied the high temperature characteristics and wear resistance of aluminum alloy composite materials, and when Al—Fe intermetallic compounds are precipitated in an aluminum alloy matrix, the high temperature characteristics are improved, and ceramic particles are dispersed. The present inventors have found that the wear resistance is improved and completed the present invention.
[0010]
The gist of the present invention resides in a composite material for a brake disc shown in any one of the following (1) to (3) .
[0011]
(1) Al—Fe containing 5.0 to 10.0% by weight of Fe and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of V, the balance being Al and impurities, and an average particle diameter of 5 μm or less A composite material for a railway vehicle brake disk excellent in high-temperature strength, wherein ceramic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 µm are dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix on which an intermetallic compound is deposited, in an amount of 5 to 30 wt%.
(2) In place of a part of V, one or more selected from Mo, Zr, Ti, Cr, Mn and Ni, and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight in total with V (1) A composite material for a railway vehicle brake disk according to the above (1).
[0012]
(3) The ceramic particles are one type or two or more types of particles selected from SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Si 3 N 4. Composite material for railway vehicle brake discs.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reason why the amount of the aluminum alloy component in the composite material of the present invention is limited will be described.
[0014]
Fe:
Fe forms an Al—Fe—X-based intermetallic compound in an aluminum matrix, and these are finely dispersed in a large amount, thereby increasing the normal temperature strength and the high temperature strength. When the average particle size of the intermetallic compound exceeds 5 μm, the effect of improving the strength is almost lost. If the Fe content is less than 5.0% by weight, the amount of intermetallic compound particles is insufficient and the strength is not sufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10.0% by weight, the effect of increasing the strength is saturated and the ductility and toughness are lowered. Therefore, the Fe content is set to 5.0 to 10.0% by weight.
[0015]
V:
V forms Al-Fe-V-based intermetallic compound, enhances the thermal stability of the intermetallic compound. Some of them are dispersed as Al-V intermetallic compounds. As a result, the strength, particularly the high temperature strength is increased. If the V content is less than 0.2% by weight, the effect is not obtained, and if it exceeds 3.0% by weight, these effects are saturated and ductility and toughness are lowered. Therefore, the content of V is set to 0.2 to 3.0 % by weight.
Ti, Mo, Zr, Cr, Mn and Ni:
In addition to V, one or more selected from Ti, Mo, Zr, Cr, Mn and Ni can be contained. These elements form an intermetallic compound formed by substituting a part of the V component of the Al - Fe - V intermetallic compound, and can improve the thermal stability of the intermetallic compound. As a result, the strength, particularly the high temperature strength is increased. When the content of these elements is totaled with V and less than 0.2% by weight, the effect is not obtained, and when it exceeds 3.0% by weight, the effect is saturated and ductility and toughness are lowered. Therefore, the content when one or more selected from Ti, Mo, Zr, Cr, Mn and Ni is contained is 0.2 to 3.0% by weight in total with V. did.
[0016]
Ceramic particles:
Ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix to improve wear resistance. Also, SiC and AlN ceramic particles improve wear resistance without lowering thermal conductivity (respectively approximating 120 W / mK, 150 W / mK and aluminum alloy). The ceramic particles may be ceramic particles having a Vickers hardness of 500 or more. For example, particles such as SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Si 3 N 4 are used.
[0017]
If the content of the ceramic particles is less than 5.0% by weight, the effect of improving the wear resistance cannot be obtained. If the content exceeds 30.0% by weight, the hot forgeability and machinability (cutting workability) of the material deteriorate and the brake Disc manufacture becomes difficult. Therefore, the content of the ceramic particles is set to 5.0 to 30.0% by weight.
[0018]
If the average particle size of the ceramic particles is less than 1.0 μm, the particles cause aggregation, and wear resistance and toughness are deteriorated. Moreover, when it exceeds 20.0 μm, the machinability (cutting workability) of the material is lowered. Therefore, the average particle size of the ceramic particles was set to 1.0 to 20.0 μm. Desirably, it is less than 5.0 μm.
[0019]
Next, a method for producing an aluminum alloy composite material for brake discs according to the present invention will be described.
[0020]
The aluminum alloy composite material for brake discs of the present invention is manufactured by a known powder metallurgy method or spray forming method, finely deposits Al—Fe intermetallic compounds, and uniformly disperses ceramic particles.
[0021]
In the powder metallurgy method, an aluminum alloy powder having a predetermined composition and ceramic particles are blended in a desired ratio and sufficiently mixed. In order to obtain a uniform mixed state, the aluminum alloy powder is desirably fine, and a powder of 100 μm or less is usually used. Next, the mixed powder is filled into a container (also referred to as a can), and while the mixed powder is heated to a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C., the inside of the container is evacuated or replaced with an inert gas to obtain aluminum alloy powder and ceramic particles. Degassing treatment is performed to remove the gas and moisture adsorbed on the surface of the substrate. Subsequently, the mixed powder filled in the container is solidified by hot pressing together with the container to make the mixed powder have a density of 99% or more. After solidification molding, the brake disc is finished as it is or cut into an appropriate size and subjected to forging and machining (cutting).
[0022]
In the spray forming method, an aluminum alloy having a predetermined composition is melted, nitrogen gas is blown into a droplet while the molten metal is flowing down, a downward rotating disk is provided to flow the molten metal, and the droplet is half-coated on it. Deposit in solidified state. At this time, ceramic particles are included in nitrogen gas and deposited together with an aluminum alloy to produce a preform.
[0023]
The aluminum alloy composite material of the present invention means a semi-finished product and a final product that are in the course of production, such as the above-mentioned solidified molded body, molded body after forging, and molded body after machining.
[0024]
【Example】
The aluminum alloy composite materials No. 1 to No. 13 and No. 15 to No. 22 shown in Table 1 were produced by a powder metallurgy method. That is, an aluminum alloy powder was produced by an air atomization method and classified to 100 μm. This and ceramic particles such as SiC are mixed for 15 minutes by a cross rotary mixer with forced stirring blades, and the mixed powder is filled into a container with an outer diameter of 90 mm and a height of 200 mm, and then vacuum degassed for 1 hour at a temperature of 480 ° C. The can was sealed and loaded into a closed mold having an inner diameter of 90 mm, and hot press solidified at a temperature of 400 ° C. and a pressing force of 500 Ton. Further, a test specimen was manufactured by performing a forging process (forging ratio 2.0) by uniaxial free forging at a temperature of 400 ° C. until the height of the solidified molded article was halved. Since commercially available ceramic particles such as SiC were used, the “average particle diameter” means a nominal dimension.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004058769
[0026]
The No. 14 aluminum alloy composite material shown in Table 1 was produced by a spray forming method. That is, an aluminum alloy of a predetermined component is melted, nitrogen gas is blown into a droplet while the molten metal is flowing down, a downward rotating disk is provided to flow the molten metal, and the droplet is deposited in a semi-solid state thereon. . At this time, SiC particles were included in the nitrogen gas and deposited together with the aluminum alloy. The obtained preform (deposited casting) had a diameter of about 180 mm and a height of about 300 mm. A cylinder with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm was cut out from the resulting preform, and subjected to forging work (forging ratio 2.0) by uniaxial free forging at 400 ° C until the height became 1/2 (50 mm). Produced.
[0027]
The aluminum alloy composite materials No. 23 and No. 24 were produced by a conventionally known component casting method. That is, keep the temperature of about 730 ° C for the No. 23 material and about 615 ° C. for the No. 24 material so that the aluminum alloy of the predetermined component is in a solid-liquid coexistence state. Cast into a 50mm deep mold. Subsequently, the ingot was subjected to forging processing (forging ratio 1.25) at a temperature of 400 ° C. until the height became 40 mm, and a test specimen was manufactured.
[0028]
Microscopic observation specimens, tensile specimens, and abrasion specimens were collected from the obtained specimens and subjected to the test.
[0029]
The average particle diameter of the Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound particles was determined from observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
[0030]
The tensile test was carried out at room temperature and at a temperature of 300 ° C. by preparing a JIS No. 4 tensile test piece from the above specimen.
[0031]
For the wear test, a pin / disk type wear tester was used, and the composite material of the present invention (diameter 60 mm) was used on the disk side, and a commercially available copper brake pad material (diameter 5 mm) was used on the pin side. The test conditions were a surface pressure of 1 MPa, a friction speed: 5 m / s, no lubrication, and a friction time of 10 minutes. The amount of wear was determined by measuring the wear depth of the disk with a surface roughness meter. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004058769
[0033]
From Tables 1 and 2, the materials of No. 1 to No. 14 of the present invention have the component ranges defined by the present invention and predetermined ceramic particles, so that the tensile strength at 300 ° C. is 210 MPa or more, and the wear amount Is excellent in tensile properties and wear characteristics. Since these materials are produced by the powder metallurgy method and the spray forming method, the average particle diameter of the Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound is as fine as 0.2 to 0.4 μm, and is particularly excellent in high-temperature tensile properties.
[0034]
On the other hand, the No. 15 material of the comparative example has a large wear amount of 0.2 mm because the dispersion amount of SiC is as small as 3% by weight. The No. 16 material had a large amount of SiC dispersion of 35% by weight, so cracking occurred during forging. However, as a result of cutting out a test piece from a portion having no crack, the tensile elongation is as low as 9% at 300 ° C. In the material No. 17, the particle size of the SiC particles was as small as 0.5 μm, and the SiC particles aggregated and could not be uniformly dispersed. Therefore, the wear amount is as large as 0.1 mm. The No. 18 material has poor cutting workability because the SiC particle size is as large as 30 μm. However, although the wear amount is as small as 0.05 mm or less, the wear of the pin material is large and it is not suitable as a brake material.
[0035]
The No. 19 material has a low Fe content of 4.0% by weight, so the tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. is as low as 270 MPa and 197 MPa. The No. 20 material has a high Fe content of 12.0% by weight, and the room temperature and 300 ° C. elongations are as small as 5% and 12%.
[0036]
Since the material of No. 21 does not contain any additive element other than Fe, the tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. is as low as 274 MPa and 195 MPa. The No. 22 material contains 1.0% by weight of Zr and 3.0% by weight of Vr, and its total content exceeds 3.0% by weight. Therefore, the tensile elongation at room temperature and 300 ° C. is as small as 6% and 12%.
[0037]
The No. 23 material was produced by compositing the No. 2 material of the invention example, and the average particle size of the Al—Fe intermetallic compound particles was as large as 10 μm, and cracking occurred during the forging process. However, the test piece was cut out from the crack-free part and tested. As a result, the tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. was as low as 183 MPa and 107 MPa, and the elongation was as low as 1% and 4%. The material No. 24 was produced by dispersing SiC powder in an Al—Mg-based aluminum alloy specified as 5083 alloy in JIS by the component casting method. Therefore, since there are no Al—Fe intermetallic compound particles, the tensile strength at 300 ° C. is as low as 117 MPa.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
The aluminum composite material according to the present invention is obtained by finely depositing Al—Fe intermetallic compound particles in a matrix aluminum alloy and further dispersing ceramic particles. Therefore, it is extremely excellent in high temperature strength and wear resistance. When this composite material is used for a brake disc of a railway vehicle, the unsprung weight of the vehicle can be reduced, and the speed of the vehicle can be increased.

Claims (3)

Feを5.0〜10.0重量%と、Vを0.2〜3.0重量%とを含有し、残部Alおよび不純物からなり、かつ平均粒径が5μm以下のAl−Fe系金属間化合物が析出したアルミニウム合金マトリックスに、平均粒径が1〜20μmのセラミックス粒子が5〜30重量%分散していることを特徴とする高温強度に優れた鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。Between Al and Fe-based metal containing 5.0 to 10.0% by weight of Fe and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of V, the balance being Al and impurities, and having an average particle size of 5 μm or less A composite material for a railway vehicle brake disk excellent in high-temperature strength, wherein ceramic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm are dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix on which a compound is deposited, in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight. Vの一部に代えて、Mo、Zr、Ti、Cr、MnおよびNiの中から選ばれた1種または2種以上を、Vと合計で0.2〜3.0重量%含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。 In place of a part of V, one or more selected from Mo, Zr, Ti, Cr, Mn and Ni, and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight in total with V The composite material for a railway vehicle brake disk according to claim 1, wherein the composite material is a composite material. セラミック粒子は、SiC、Al23、AlNおよびSi34の中から選ばれた1種または2種以上の粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。The railway vehicle brake according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ceramic particles are one or more particles selected from SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Si 3 N 4. Composite material for discs.
JP29655496A 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs Expired - Fee Related JP4058769B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29655496A JP4058769B2 (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29655496A JP4058769B2 (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10140275A JPH10140275A (en) 1998-05-26
JP4058769B2 true JP4058769B2 (en) 2008-03-12

Family

ID=17835048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP29655496A Expired - Fee Related JP4058769B2 (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4058769B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102430756A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-05-02 太原理工大学 Manufacturing method of IMC silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite brake pad

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2880086B1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2008-08-22 Renault Sas MECHANICAL FRICTION PIECE FOR A BRAKING AND CLUTCH SYSTEM COMPRISING AN ALUMINUM ALLOY AND IRON AREA
CN100365314C (en) * 2006-02-27 2008-01-30 西安交通大学 Aluminum-based friction material for automobile brake pads and its preparation process
CN111250698B (en) * 2020-02-19 2021-01-29 湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司 A kind of light-weight wear-resistant aluminum-based powder metallurgy composite material rail transit brake disc and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102430756A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-05-02 太原理工大学 Manufacturing method of IMC silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite brake pad
CN102430756B (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-01-23 太原理工大学 Method for manufacturing IMC (Intermetallic Compound) silicon nitride ceramic-based composite brake pad

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10140275A (en) 1998-05-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Natarajan Study of silicon carbide-reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake rotor for motorcycle application
EP0100470B1 (en) Heat-resistant, wear-resistant, and high-strength aluminum alloy powder and body shaped therefrom
WO2018101435A1 (en) Sintered friction material for railway vehicles, and method for producing same
US20160047016A1 (en) Copper alloy powder, sintered copper alloy body, and brake lining for use in high-speed railways
JP4058769B2 (en) Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs
EP3875561B1 (en) Sintered friction material and method for producing sintered friction material
EP0814277B1 (en) Roller brake for two-wheeler
JPH04325648A (en) Method for producing aluminum sintered alloy
JP4214352B2 (en) Al-based composite material for brake disc and manufacturing method thereof
Kalashnikov et al. Wear products that form during tribological tests of aluminum-matrix composite materials
JP3426475B2 (en) Aluminum alloy composite material for brake discs with excellent wear resistance
JP6802533B2 (en) Friction material
JP4008597B2 (en) Aluminum-based composite material and manufacturing method thereof
JPS6150132B2 (en)
JPH10137920A (en) Method of manufacturing composite brake disc for railway vehicle
JPH0578708A (en) Method for producing aluminum-based particle composite alloy
JP3413031B2 (en) Composite material for railway vehicle brake discs
Asif et al. Wear characteristic of Al-based metal matrix composites used for heavy duty brake pad applications
JP6872176B2 (en) Friction material
JP4704720B2 (en) Heat-resistant Al-based alloy with excellent high-temperature fatigue properties
JPH10140274A (en) Composite material for railway vehicle brake discs
JP4367605B2 (en) Aluminum matrix composite for brake disc
JP2000345140A (en) Metallic friction material
JP3386322B2 (en) Method of manufacturing brake disk for railway vehicle
JP2637155B2 (en) Wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material and method for producing the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711

Effective date: 20040317

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20040317

A072 Dismissal of procedure

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A073

Effective date: 20040427

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20040929

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060912

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20061107

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20061107

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070731

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070928

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20071127

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20071210

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101228

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101228

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111228

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111228

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121228

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131228

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131228

Year of fee payment: 6

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131228

Year of fee payment: 6

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees