JP4060643B2 - Aluminum hydroxide and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Aluminum hydroxide and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4060643B2 JP4060643B2 JP2002175294A JP2002175294A JP4060643B2 JP 4060643 B2 JP4060643 B2 JP 4060643B2 JP 2002175294 A JP2002175294 A JP 2002175294A JP 2002175294 A JP2002175294 A JP 2002175294A JP 4060643 B2 JP4060643 B2 JP 4060643B2
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- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、プラスチック、ゴム等の難燃フィラー用等として利用される水酸化アルミニウム及びその製造方法に関する。さらに詳細には、粒子表面の荒れ、粒子のチッピング等を起こすことなく単粒状に解砕された水酸化アルミニウム及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、水酸化アルミニウムはゴム・プラスチックに充填するフィラーとして幅広く用いられている。例えば熱可塑性樹脂、ゴム、エポキシ樹脂には難燃剤として、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂には調色フィラーとして用いられている。
【0003】
難燃剤として用いられる場合、水酸化アルミニウムはより多くの充填を行った方が難燃性能は向上するが、多量に添加することにより、混練トルクが上昇し、成形温度が上昇するため、水酸化アルミニウムが一部脱水して発泡するといった問題がある。また、熱硬化樹脂に充填する場合も、充填量を多くすることで材料コストダウンとなるが、材料強度が低下するといった問題がある。
【0004】
材料強度低下を抑制するためには、粒子径をなるべく細かくすることが望まれる。粒子径の細かい水酸化アルミニウムを析出によって得ることも可能であるが、水酸化アルミニウムは、一次粒子が多数凝集した二次凝集粒の形態を有するため、吸油量が非常に大きく、フィラーとして多量に充填することは困難である。このため、一般的に50〜150μm程度の水酸化アルミニウムをボールミル、その他の粉砕機で、一次粒子程度に粉砕したものが用いられる。
【0005】
しかし、粉砕によって所定の粒径まで粉砕するには多大なエネルギーを要する。また粉砕された水酸化アルミニウムは、その一次粒子が破壊され、表面の荒れ、粒子のチッピング等が発生し、粉体のBET比表面積が大きくなる。結果として樹脂との相溶性が悪く粘度が上昇するので、高充填しにくくなる。また熱硬化性樹脂の場合、硬化時間が長くなる。
【0006】
このようなことから、フィラー用として理想的な水酸化アルミニウムとは、表面の荒れがすくない、すなわちBET比表面積が低く、かつ単粒状の形態となったものと言える。
【0007】
特公平5−4336号公報では、連続式遠心分離機により、大きな遠心力をかけ一次粒子を破壊することなく二次凝集粒を解砕することで、粒子の荒れを抑制することを提唱しているが、特定の原料について限定された方法であり、広範囲に適用できる方法ではなかった。
【0008】
また特公昭62-9256号公報では、温度上昇させたバイヤー抽出液を固体水酸化アルミニウムと接触させることで、単結晶あるいは丸みのある形状を有する水酸化アルミニウムを得ることを提唱しているが、長い接触時間が必要なこと、及び接触時水酸化アルミニウムの溶解が進行するため生産効率が悪くなるという欠点があった。
【0009】
さらに、特開平9-208740号公報では、予め乾式衝撃粉砕機にて水酸化アルミニウムの二次凝集粒子を粉砕した後、特定のアルカリ濃度のアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液中にスラリー化し 温度上昇することで、表面を溶解しBET比表面積を低減する方法を提唱しているが、予め乾式粉砕するために、一旦水酸化アルミニウムを濾過・乾燥する必要があるため、工程が長く、製造コストも高くなるという問題がある。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、広範囲の粒子径に関して、BET比表面積が低く、単粒状の理想的なフィラー用水酸化アルミニウム、及びその効率的な製造方法を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる事情下に鑑み、本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定のアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液中に水酸化アルミニウムを懸濁させたスラリーを、特定の条件で昇温し、その後特定の条件で保持することで、フィラー用に好適な低比表面積を有する、単粒状の理想的な水酸化アルミニウムを得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0012】
即ち、本発明は以下の手段を提供する。
[1]バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムをアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液中に懸濁させたスラリーを、70℃以下から85℃以上に15分以内で昇温し、昇温後、溶液温度を80℃以下に低下させない状態で、昇温開始から15分間は保持することを特徴とする水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法。
[2]昇温前のアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液のアルミナ濃度A(単位g/リットル)と水酸化ナトリウム濃度C(単位g/リットル)の比率A/Cが、0.45以下であることを特徴とする前項1記載の水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法。
【0013】
[3]スラリーの昇温時における水酸化アルミニウムの溶解率が、下記一般式、
溶解率(%)=
昇温前C×(昇温後A/C−昇温前A/C)×1.53/昇温前スラリー濃度×100
(式中、Aはアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液のアルミナ濃度(単位g/リットル)、Cは水酸化ナトリウム濃度(単位g/リットル)を表す)において、15%未満であることを特徴とする前項1又は2記載の水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法。
[4]スラリーの昇温装置が、二重管式熱交換器であることを特徴とする前項1乃至3の何れか1項記載の水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法。
【0014】
[5]平均粒子径Dが1〜25μm、BET比表面積Sが1.5m2/g以下、Sから球近似で算出した粒子径Dbet(ここで、DbetはDbet=6/(S×ρ)で算出される。ρは水酸化アルミニウムの比重である。)とDの比(凝集度)D/Dbetが3未満であることを特徴とする前項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の方法で得られた水酸化アルミニウム。
[6]前項5に記載の水酸化アルミニウムをフィラーとして含んだ水酸化アルミニウム含有組成物。
[7]水酸化アルミニウム含有組成物のマトリックス材料が、ゴムまたはプラスチックである前項6記載の水酸化アルミニウム含有組成物。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
本発明は、バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムを、アルミナ(Al2O3)濃度A(単位g/リットル)と水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)濃度C(単位g/リットル)との比率A/Cが0.45以下であるアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液に懸濁させたスラリーを、15分以内に70℃以下から85℃以上に昇温し、85℃昇温後は、少なくとも昇温開始から15分間は、80℃より液温を低下させずに保持することを特徴とする水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法を提供する。この製造方法で得られる水酸化アルミニウムは、フィラーとして好適に使用できる。
【0016】
上記の製造方法においては、水酸化アルミニウムに熱衝撃を与え、結晶学的に結合力の弱い二次凝集粒の粒界のみを選択的に溶解し、かつその後の再凝集等の粒径変化を抑制することにより、二次凝集粒を解砕する効果を有するものである。
【0017】
この方法により、平均粒子径Dが1〜25μm、窒素吸着法(BET法)で測定された比表面積Sが1.5m2/g以下、Sから球近似で算出した粒子径DbetとDの比、すなわち凝集度D/Dbetが3未満である水酸化アルミニウムが得られる。ここでDbet=6/(S×ρ)であり、ρは水酸化アルミニウムの比重である。
【0018】
本方法における昇温は85℃以上であることが必須である。85℃未満であると、粒界のみを選択的に溶解するのに充分な熱衝撃が与えられず、粒子表面からの溶解が進行してしまい生産効率が悪いこと、及び粒子表面が荒れてしまうため好ましくない。
【0019】
因みにアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液の沸点は、水酸化ナトリウム濃度によって変化するので限定できないが、バイヤー工程で使用されるアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液の場合104℃程度である。
本方法における温度上昇時間は15分以内である。15分より長いと粒界のみを選択的に溶解するのに充分な熱衝撃が与えられず、粒子全体の溶解が進行してしまうため好ましくない。
【0020】
本方法における昇温前のスラリーの温度は、70℃以下、好ましくは65℃以下である。70℃より高いと昇温時、粒界のみを選択的に溶解するのに充分な熱衝撃が与えられず好ましくない。
本方法における昇温後の保持温度は80℃以上、好ましくは85℃以上である。保持温度が80℃未満であると解砕された粒子が再度凝集を起こす為、好ましくない。
【0021】
本方法に用いる昇温前のアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液は、Aをアルミナ濃度(単位はg/リットル)、Cを水酸化ナトリウム濃度(単位はg/リットル)としたとき、アルミナ濃度と水酸化ナトリウム濃度の比率、即ちA/Cが0.45以下、好ましくは0.40以下である。A/Cが0.45より高いと、昇温により粒界をほぐすのに必要なアルミナ分が溶解しないので好ましくない。
【0022】
本方法における昇温による水酸化アルミニウムの溶解率は、15%未満、好ましくは13%未満である。溶解率が15%より多いと、水酸化アルミニウムの収率が低くなるので生産効率が悪い。
ここで、昇温による水酸化アルミニウムの溶解率は、下記一般式、
【0023】
溶解率(%)=
昇温前C×(昇温後A/C−昇温前A/C)×1.53/昇温前スラリー濃度×100
(式中、Aはアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液のアルミナ濃度(単位g/リットル)、Cは水酸化ナトリウム濃度(単位g/リットル)を表す。)で算出される。
【0024】
本発明において、溶解後所望する粒子径を勘案して、出発原料となる二次凝集粒の一次粒子径を選定することで、所望の粒子径でBET比表面積が低く、単粒状の樹脂フィラー用水酸化アルミニウムを得ることができる。
本発明において製造される水酸化アルミニウムは、各種フィラー用として好適である。例えば、フィラーとして含んだ水酸化アルミニウム含有組成物のマトリックス材料としては、ゴムまたは熱可塑性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂(不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂等)などのプラスチックが好適に使用できる。
【0025】
また、本方法で得られた水酸化アルミニムを樹脂等に充填する際は、単独で用いても良いし、コンパウンド粘度を低くするため、粒子径の異なる他の数種類の水酸化アルミニウムと混合して使用してもよい。
【0026】
さらに、本方法で得られた水酸化アルミニウムを従来公知の表面処理剤で表面処理して用いてもよい。表面処理剤としては、特に限定されないが、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤等の各種カップリング剤、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸などの脂肪酸、及びそれらの脂肪酸エステル、メチルシリケート、エチルシリケート等のシリケート等が挙げられる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例により限定されるものではない。尚、本発明における物性は以下の方法で測定した。
【0028】
(平均粒子径D)
水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは、レーザー散乱回折法により測定した。
(BET比表面積S)
水酸化アルミニウムの比表面積Sは、窒素吸着法(BET法)で測定した。
(凝集度D/Dbet)
水酸化アルミニウムの凝集度は、Sから球近似で算出した粒子径Dbet(ここで、DbetはDbet=6/(S×ρ)で算出される。ρは水酸化アルミニウムの比重である。)とDの比D/Dbetから計算して見積もった。
【0029】
(水酸化アルミニウムの溶解率)
温度上昇による水酸化アルミニウムの溶解率は、以下の式で算出した。
溶解率(%)=
昇温前C×(昇温後A/C−昇温前A/C)×1.53/昇温前スラリー濃度×100
(式中、Aはアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液のアルミナ濃度(単位g/リットル)、Cは水酸化ナトリウム濃度(単位g/リットル)を表す。)
【0030】
(実施例1)
バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムスラリー(水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径110.9μm、水酸化ナトリウム濃度149g/リットル、A/C=0.37、スラリー濃度175g/リットル、スラリー温度38℃)を二重管式熱交換器(内管側容積0.019m3、伝熱面積3.2m2)の内管側に3m3/Hr(熱交換器内滞留時間23秒)で送液し、外管に蒸気投入し、96℃まで昇温した後、スラリーを85℃で15分間保持した。スラリーのA/Cは0.46、溶解率は11.7%であった
該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは22.2μm、BET比表面積Sは0.2m2/g、凝集度は1.8であった。
【0031】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様の水酸化アルミニウムスラリーを、容積1m3のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を15分で85℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.48、溶解率は14.3%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは21.6μm、BET比表面積Sは0.3m2/g、凝集度は2.6であった。
【0032】
(実施例3)
バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムスラリー(水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径76.8μm、水酸化ナトリウム濃度146g/リットル、A/C=0.38、スラリー濃度190g/リットル、スラリー温度65℃)を実施例2と同様のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を15分で85℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.48、溶解率は11.8%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは13.4μm、BET比表面積Sは0.3m2/g、凝集度は1.6であった。
【0033】
(実施例4)
バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムスラリー(水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径20.8μm、水酸化ナトリウム濃度154g/リットル、 A/C=0.35、スラリー濃度230g/リットル、スラリー温度64℃)を実施例2と同様のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を15分で85℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.49、溶解率は14.3%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウム平均粒子径Dは2.9μm、BET比表面積Sは1.2m2/g、凝集度は1.4であった。
【0034】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様の水酸化アルミニウムスラリーを実施例2と同様のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を15分で80℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.45、溶解率は10.4%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは46.5μm、BET比表面積Sは0.2m2/g、凝集度は3.8であった。
【0035】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様の水酸化アルミニウムスラリーを実施例2と同様のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を30分で85℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.51、溶解率は18.2%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは25.4μm、BET比表面積Sは0.2m2/g、凝集度は2.0であった。
【0036】
(比較例3)
バイヤー法により得られた水酸化アルミニウムスラリー(水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径76.8μ、水酸化ナトリウム濃度147g/リットル、 A/C=0.47、スラリー濃度210g/リットル、スラリー温度63℃)を実施例2と同様のSUS製タンクに投入し、攪拌しながらタンク温度を15分で85℃に上昇させた。スラリーのA/Cは0.51、溶解率は4.3%であった。該スラリーから固体水酸化アルミニウムを洗浄、濾別した後、乾燥した。得られた水酸化アルミニウムの平均粒子径Dは35.5μm、BET比表面積Sは0.2m2/g、凝集度は2.9であった。
【0037】
以上、実施例及び比較例の結果の概要を表1にまとめる
【0038】
【表1】
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法においては、水酸化アルミニウムに熱衝撃を与え、結晶学的に結合力の弱い二次凝集粒の粒界のみを選択的に溶解し、かつその後の再凝集等の粒径変化を抑制することにより、二次凝集粒子を解砕する効果がある。
その為、本発明の水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法は、従来行われてきたメディア間の衝突による衝撃力を利用した粉砕法やレイモンドミル等の摩砕粉砕や、ジェットミル等の粒子間衝突を利用した粉砕法とは異なり、解砕時に一次粒子表面を荒らさないという点で画期的なものであり、その結果、得られる水酸化アルミニウムは比表面積が低く、単粒状であることからフィラー用として好適であり、その工業的価値は頗る大である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to aluminum hydroxide used for flame retardant fillers such as plastic and rubber, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to aluminum hydroxide that has been crushed into a single granule without causing particle surface roughness, particle chipping, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, aluminum hydroxide has been widely used as a filler for filling rubber and plastic. For example, it is used as a flame retardant for thermoplastic resins, rubbers, and epoxy resins, and as a toning filler for thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester resins and acrylic resins.
[0003]
When used as a flame retardant, aluminum hydroxide improves the flame retardant performance when more is filled, but adding a large amount increases the kneading torque and increases the molding temperature. There is a problem that aluminum partially dehydrates and foams. In addition, when the thermosetting resin is filled, the material cost is reduced by increasing the filling amount, but there is a problem that the material strength is lowered.
[0004]
In order to suppress a decrease in material strength, it is desirable to make the particle diameter as fine as possible. Although it is possible to obtain aluminum hydroxide with a fine particle diameter by precipitation, aluminum hydroxide has a form of secondary aggregated particles in which a large number of primary particles are aggregated, so the amount of oil absorption is very large and a large amount as a filler. Filling is difficult. For this reason, generally, aluminum hydroxide having a size of about 50 to 150 μm is pulverized into primary particles by a ball mill or other pulverizer.
[0005]
However, much energy is required to pulverize to a predetermined particle size by pulverization. Further, the ground particles of the pulverized aluminum hydroxide are destroyed, surface roughness, particle chipping, and the like occur, and the BET specific surface area of the powder increases. As a result, the compatibility with the resin is poor and the viscosity is increased, so that it is difficult to achieve high filling. In the case of a thermosetting resin, the curing time becomes long.
[0006]
For this reason, it can be said that aluminum hydroxide ideal for fillers does not have a rough surface, that is, has a low BET specific surface area and a single granular form.
[0007]
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-4336, a continuous centrifuge is proposed to suppress the roughening of the particles by crushing the secondary agglomerates without breaking the primary particles by applying a large centrifugal force. However, this method is limited to specific raw materials, and is not a method that can be widely applied.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-9256 proposes to obtain aluminum hydroxide having a single crystal or a rounded shape by bringing the temperature of the buyer extract into contact with solid aluminum hydroxide. There are disadvantages that a long contact time is required and that production efficiency is deteriorated because dissolution of aluminum hydroxide proceeds at the time of contact.
[0009]
Furthermore, in JP-A-9-208740, after secondary agglomerated particles of aluminum hydroxide are pulverized in advance with a dry impact pulverizer, the slurry is slurried in a sodium aluminate solution having a specific alkali concentration, and the temperature is increased. Although the method of dissolving the surface and reducing the BET specific surface area has been proposed, it is necessary to filter and dry the aluminum hydroxide once to dry pulverize in advance, so that the process is long and the manufacturing cost is high. There is.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an ideal aluminum hydroxide for filler having a low BET specific surface area and having a low BET specific surface area over a wide range of particle sizes, and an efficient production method thereof.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and as a result, raised the temperature of a slurry in which aluminum hydroxide is suspended in a specific sodium aluminate solution under specific conditions. Then, it was found that a single granular ideal aluminum hydroxide having a low specific surface area suitable for a filler can be obtained by holding it under specific conditions, and the present invention has been completed.
[0012]
That is, the present invention provides the following means.
[1] A slurry in which aluminum hydroxide obtained by the Bayer method is suspended in a sodium aluminate solution is heated from 70 ° C. or lower to 85 ° C. or higher within 15 minutes. A method for producing aluminum hydroxide, which is maintained for 15 minutes from the start of temperature rise in a state where the temperature is not lowered to not more than ° C.
[2] The ratio A / C between the alumina concentration A (unit: g / liter) and the sodium hydroxide concentration C (unit: g / liter) of the sodium aluminate solution before the temperature rise is 0.45 or less. 2. The method for producing aluminum hydroxide according to item 1 above.
[0013]
[3] The dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide when the slurry is heated is represented by the following general formula:
Dissolution rate (%) =
Before temperature increase C × (After temperature increase A / C−A / C before temperature increase) × 1.53 / Slurry concentration before temperature increase × 100
(Wherein A represents the alumina concentration (unit: g / liter) of sodium aluminate solution, and C represents the sodium hydroxide concentration (unit: g / liter)), which is less than 15%, 3. The method for producing aluminum hydroxide according to 2.
[4] The method for producing aluminum hydroxide according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the slurry temperature raising device is a double-pipe heat exchanger.
[0014]
[5] Average particle diameter D is 1 to 25 μm, BET specific surface area S is 1.5 m 2 / g or less, and particle diameter Dbet calculated from S by sphere approximation (where Dbet is Dbet = 6 / (S × ρ) 5. The method according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein ρ is a specific gravity of aluminum hydroxide) and a ratio (aggregation degree) of D / Dbet is less than 3. Aluminum hydroxide obtained in
[6] An aluminum hydroxide-containing composition containing the aluminum hydroxide according to item 5 as a filler.
[7] The aluminum hydroxide-containing composition as described in 6 above, wherein the matrix material of the aluminum hydroxide-containing composition is rubber or plastic.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the present invention, aluminum hydroxide obtained by the Bayer method is used as a ratio A / a of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) concentration A (unit: g / liter) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration C (unit: g / liter). The slurry suspended in the sodium aluminate solution having C of 0.45 or less is heated from 70 ° C. or lower to 85 ° C. or higher within 15 minutes, and after 85 ° C. is heated, at least 15 minutes from the start of the temperature increase. Provides a method for producing aluminum hydroxide, characterized in that the liquid temperature is kept from 80 ° C. without lowering. Aluminum hydroxide obtained by this production method can be suitably used as a filler.
[0016]
In the above production method, thermal shock is applied to aluminum hydroxide, and only the grain boundaries of secondary agglomerated grains whose crystallographic weakness is weak are selectively dissolved, and subsequent particle size changes such as reagglomeration are performed. By suppressing, it has the effect of crushing secondary agglomerated grains.
[0017]
By this method, the average particle diameter D is 1 to 25 μm, the specific surface area S measured by the nitrogen adsorption method (BET method) is 1.5 m 2 / g or less, and the ratio of the particle diameters Dbet and D calculated from S by spherical approximation That is, an aluminum hydroxide having a cohesion degree D / Dbet of less than 3 is obtained. Here, Dbet = 6 / (S × ρ), and ρ is the specific gravity of aluminum hydroxide.
[0018]
It is essential that the temperature rise in this method is 85 ° C. or higher. If it is less than 85 ° C., sufficient thermal shock is not given to selectively dissolve only the grain boundaries, dissolution from the particle surface proceeds, resulting in poor production efficiency, and the particle surface becomes rough. Therefore, it is not preferable.
[0019]
Incidentally, the boiling point of the sodium aluminate solution is not limited because it varies depending on the sodium hydroxide concentration, but it is about 104 ° C. in the case of the sodium aluminate solution used in the buyer process.
The temperature rise time in this method is within 15 minutes. When the time is longer than 15 minutes, a thermal shock sufficient to selectively dissolve only the grain boundaries is not given, and dissolution of the whole particles proceeds, which is not preferable.
[0020]
The temperature of the slurry before the temperature rise in this method is 70 ° C. or less, preferably 65 ° C. or less. When the temperature is higher than 70 ° C., a thermal shock sufficient to selectively dissolve only the grain boundary is not provided at the time of temperature rise, which is not preferable.
The holding temperature after the temperature rise in this method is 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 85 ° C. or higher. If the holding temperature is less than 80 ° C., the crushed particles are aggregated again, which is not preferable.
[0021]
The sodium aluminate solution before temperature increase used in this method has an alumina concentration and a sodium hydroxide concentration when A is an alumina concentration (unit: g / liter) and C is a sodium hydroxide concentration (unit: g / liter). Ratio, that is, A / C is 0.45 or less, preferably 0.40 or less. If A / C is higher than 0.45, the alumina component necessary to loosen the grain boundary due to temperature rise will not dissolve, which is not preferable.
[0022]
The dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide by the temperature rise in this method is less than 15%, preferably less than 13%. When the dissolution rate is more than 15%, the yield of aluminum hydroxide is lowered, so that the production efficiency is poor.
Here, the dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide due to temperature rise is expressed by the following general formula:
[0023]
Dissolution rate (%) =
Before temperature increase C × (After temperature increase A / C−A / C before temperature increase) × 1.53 / Slurry concentration before temperature increase × 100
(In the formula, A represents the alumina concentration (unit: g / liter) of the sodium aluminate solution, and C represents the sodium hydroxide concentration (unit: g / liter)).
[0024]
In the present invention, considering the desired particle size after dissolution, the primary particle size of the secondary agglomerated particles used as the starting material is selected, so that the BET specific surface area is low at the desired particle size, and the water for a single granular resin filler is used. Aluminum oxide can be obtained.
The aluminum hydroxide produced in the present invention is suitable for various fillers. For example, as the matrix material of the aluminum hydroxide-containing composition contained as a filler, plastics such as rubber or thermoplastic resin, epoxy resin, thermosetting resin (unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, etc.) can be suitably used.
[0025]
In addition, when the aluminum hydroxide obtained by this method is filled into a resin or the like, it may be used alone or mixed with several other types of aluminum hydroxide having different particle diameters in order to reduce the compound viscosity. May be used.
[0026]
Furthermore, the aluminum hydroxide obtained by this method may be used after surface treatment with a conventionally known surface treatment agent. Although it does not specifically limit as a surface treating agent, Various coupling agents, such as a silane coupling agent and a titanate coupling agent, Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and a stearic acid, and those fatty acid esters, silicates, such as a methyl silicate and an ethyl silicate Etc.
[0027]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited by a following example. In addition, the physical property in this invention was measured with the following method.
[0028]
(Average particle diameter D)
The average particle diameter D of aluminum hydroxide was measured by a laser scattering diffraction method.
(BET specific surface area S)
The specific surface area S of aluminum hydroxide was measured by a nitrogen adsorption method (BET method).
(Degree of aggregation D / Dbet)
The agglomeration degree of aluminum hydroxide is a particle diameter Dbet calculated from S by a sphere approximation (where Dbet is calculated by Dbet = 6 / (S × ρ). Ρ is the specific gravity of aluminum hydroxide). Estimated by calculating from the ratio D / Dbet of D.
[0029]
(Dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide)
The dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide due to temperature rise was calculated by the following formula.
Dissolution rate (%) =
Before temperature increase C × (After temperature increase A / C−A / C before temperature increase) × 1.53 / Slurry concentration before temperature increase × 100
(In the formula, A represents the alumina concentration (unit: g / liter) of the sodium aluminate solution, and C represents the sodium hydroxide concentration (unit: g / liter).)
[0030]
Example 1
An aluminum hydroxide slurry obtained by the Bayer method (average particle diameter of aluminum hydroxide 110.9 μm, sodium hydroxide concentration 149 g / liter, A / C = 0.37, slurry concentration 175 g / liter, slurry temperature 38 ° C.) Pumped to the inner pipe side of the double pipe heat exchanger (inner pipe side volume 0.019m 3 , heat transfer area 3.2m 2 ) at 3m 3 / Hr (heat exchanger residence time 23 seconds), outside After steaming into the tube and raising the temperature to 96 ° C, the slurry was held at 85 ° C for 15 minutes. The slurry had an A / C of 0.46 and a dissolution rate of 11.7%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The obtained aluminum hydroxide had an average particle diameter D of 22.2 μm, a BET specific surface area S of 0.2 m 2 / g, and an aggregation degree of 1.8.
[0031]
(Example 2)
The same aluminum hydroxide slurry as in Example 1 was put into a 1 m 3 SUS tank, and the tank temperature was raised to 85 ° C. in 15 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.48, and the dissolution rate was 14.3%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The average particle diameter D of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was 21.6 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 0.3 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 2.6.
[0032]
(Example 3)
An aluminum hydroxide slurry (average particle diameter of aluminum hydroxide 76.8 μm, sodium hydroxide concentration 146 g / liter, A / C = 0.38, slurry concentration 190 g / liter, slurry temperature 65 ° C.) obtained by the Bayer method The mixture was put into a SUS tank similar to that in Example 2, and the tank temperature was raised to 85 ° C. in 15 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.48, and the dissolution rate was 11.8%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The average particle diameter D of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was 13.4 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 0.3 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 1.6.
[0033]
Example 4
An aluminum hydroxide slurry (average particle diameter of aluminum hydroxide 20.8 μm, sodium hydroxide concentration 154 g / liter, A / C = 0.35, slurry concentration 230 g / liter, slurry temperature 64 ° C.) obtained by the Bayer method The mixture was put into a SUS tank similar to that in Example 2, and the tank temperature was raised to 85 ° C. in 15 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.49, and the dissolution rate was 14.3%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The obtained aluminum hydroxide average particle diameter D was 2.9 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 1.2 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 1.4.
[0034]
(Comparative Example 1)
The same aluminum hydroxide slurry as in Example 1 was put into the same SUS tank as in Example 2, and the tank temperature was raised to 80 ° C. in 15 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.45, and the dissolution rate was 10.4%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The average particle diameter D of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was 46.5 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 0.2 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 3.8.
[0035]
(Comparative Example 2)
The same aluminum hydroxide slurry as in Example 1 was put into the same SUS tank as in Example 2, and the tank temperature was raised to 85 ° C. in 30 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.51, and the dissolution rate was 18.2%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The average particle diameter D of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was 25.4 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 0.2 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 2.0.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 3)
An aluminum hydroxide slurry obtained by the Bayer method (average particle diameter of aluminum hydroxide 76.8μ, sodium hydroxide concentration 147 g / liter, A / C = 0.47, slurry concentration 210 g / liter, slurry temperature 63 ° C.) The mixture was put into a SUS tank similar to that in Example 2, and the tank temperature was raised to 85 ° C. in 15 minutes while stirring. The A / C of the slurry was 0.51, and the dissolution rate was 4.3%. Solid aluminum hydroxide was washed from the slurry, filtered, and dried. The average particle diameter D of the obtained aluminum hydroxide was 35.5 μm, the BET specific surface area S was 0.2 m 2 / g, and the degree of aggregation was 2.9.
[0037]
The summary of the results of Examples and Comparative Examples is summarized in Table 1 above.
[Table 1]
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
In the production method of the present invention, a thermal shock is applied to aluminum hydroxide, and only the grain boundaries of secondary agglomerated grains whose crystallographic weakness is weak are selectively dissolved, and the grain size changes such as subsequent reagglomeration. By suppressing the above, there is an effect of crushing the secondary agglomerated particles.
Therefore, the production method of aluminum hydroxide of the present invention uses a conventional grinding method using impact force caused by collision between media, grinding and grinding such as Raymond mill, and collision between particles such as jet mill. Unlike the pulverization method, it is epoch-making in that the surface of the primary particles is not roughened during pulverization. As a result, the resulting aluminum hydroxide has a low specific surface area and is a single granule. The industrial value is very large.
Claims (3)
溶解率(%)=昇温前C×(昇温後A/C−昇温前A/C)×1.53/昇温前スラリー濃度×100
(式中、Aはアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液のアルミナ濃度(単位g/リットル)、Cは水酸化ナトリウム濃度(単位g/リットル)を表す。)において、15%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水酸化アルミニウムの製造方法。The dissolution rate of aluminum hydroxide at the time of temperature rise of the slurry is represented by the following general formula:
Dissolution rate (%) = C before temperature increase × (After temperature increase A / C−A / C before temperature increase) × 1.53 / Slurry concentration before temperature increase × 100
(Wherein, A represents an alumina concentration (unit: g / liter) in a sodium aluminate solution, and C represents a sodium hydroxide concentration (unit: g / liter)), and is less than 15%. The method for producing aluminum hydroxide according to 1.
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