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JP4061675B2 - Antibacterial agent derived from natural products - Google Patents
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JP4061675B2 - Antibacterial agent derived from natural products - Google Patents

Antibacterial agent derived from natural products Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4061675B2
JP4061675B2 JP23683697A JP23683697A JP4061675B2 JP 4061675 B2 JP4061675 B2 JP 4061675B2 JP 23683697 A JP23683697 A JP 23683697A JP 23683697 A JP23683697 A JP 23683697A JP 4061675 B2 JP4061675 B2 JP 4061675B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
eucalyptus
organic solvent
polar organic
leaves
antibacterial
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JP23683697A
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JPH1180012A (en
Inventor
信 境野
徹成 高橋
烈王 小久保
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New Oji Paper Co Ltd
Oji Holdings Corp
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Oji Holdings Corp
Oji Paper Co Ltd
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ユーカリ属(Eucalyptus)植物枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物を有効成分として含有する抗菌剤、及びユーカリ属植物由来の、抗菌作用を有し医薬・医薬部外品として有用な新規ジヒドロカルコン化合物並びに既知フラボン化合物(eucalyptin 及び 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin)に関する。詳しくは、白癬菌、ニキビ菌またはMRSAを抑制あるいは殺菌し、水虫またはニキビの予防及び治療並びに院内感染防止に有効な抗菌剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ユーカリ属植物はその精油やエタノール抽出物等が喘息薬・気管支炎薬・咳止め・消毒剤・口腔剤・防腐剤・芳香剤として医薬品・医薬部外品・食品添加物・香料に広く用いられている。また、これまでにユーカリに含まれる生理活性物質に関する研究が数多くなされており、それらについては総説で述べられている(西村弘行著、未来の生物資源ユーカリ、1987年)。ユーカリ油の主要成分であるシネオールに関しては防腐剤としての効果や、抗菌活性物質の作用増強が知られている(特開昭62−289511)。最近、ユーカリ属植物抽出物の精油成分を除去した残渣を極性有機溶媒で抽出した抽出物の抗菌作用について研究されており、その抗菌成分はフロログルシノール誘導体であると報告されている。また、ユーカリ極性有機溶媒抽出物やその抗菌物質を有効成分とする、抗う食剤、抗歯周病剤についても報告されている(特開平8−109118)。
【0003】
日本は夏期に高温多湿となる気候風土のため、微生物の生育・繁殖には理想的な環境である。これらの微生物の中には人間生活に有害な影響を及ぼすものがあり、その一つとして白癬菌がある。白癬菌は一般に水虫菌と呼ばれており、皮膚に感染する糸状菌であり、分類上は真菌類の不完全菌類に属する。白癬菌の感染予防としては、皮膚の衛生、特に清潔と乾燥に留意し、肌着、靴下、スリッパ、サンダル、靴等を清潔に保つことが必要である。
【0004】
また、日本の生活水準の向上に伴って、生活環境を快適に保つための抗菌グッズが求められている。特に、消費生活に関する意識の向上により、人に対してより安全な天然物由来の抗菌剤が求められている。天然物由来の抗菌剤としては青森ヒバの抽出物であるヒノキチオールがあり、各種の抗菌グッズに用いられている。
しかし、ヒノキチオールの白癬菌に対する抗菌作用は弱い。従って、白癬菌に対してのみ抗菌性が強く、他の微生物に対して抗菌性の低い、即ち抗菌スペクトルの狭い、人に対して安全な天然由来の抗菌剤が望まれている。
【0005】
一方、最近スキンケアに対する関心が高まっており、特に11〜25歳の青年層においてはニキビ予防や治療のためのスキンケアが注目されている。ニキビは重症になると治療後にも痕跡を残すことが多く、また精神的に憂鬱となり日常生活や社会活動にまで影響を及ぼすことも少なくない。
ニキビの原因は▲1▼皮脂腺の肥大、▲2▼毛嚢孔の角化亢進、▲3▼細菌の影響の3つが重要である。特にニキビ発生要因の中で▲3▼のニキビ桿菌が最も重要な要因であり、▲1▼▲2▼が原因となって皮脂がたまると、毛嚢の毛漏斗に存在する皮膚常在菌のニキビ桿菌や皮膚黄色ブドウ状菌が増加し、これらの菌のリパーゼが皮脂を構成しているトリグリセリドを分解し、遊離脂肪酸に変える。遊離脂肪酸は毛嚢上皮に作用して各種の酵素を産生して毛嚢壁を破壊し、毛嚢周辺に炎症を起こす。
【0006】
ニキビの予防や治療のためには、常に皮膚を清潔にすること並びに脂肪の多い食物を多くとらないことが大切である。特に、ニキビ発生原因であるニキビ桿菌を減少させることが必要である。その為には、殺菌剤入り洗顔料による洗顔励行により皮膚を清潔に保つ、顔に触れる頭髪を清潔に保つ、顔や頭髪に触れる枕カバー等の物を清潔に保つことが重要である。
【0007】
しかし、ニキビ菌の抗菌剤としてはトリクロサン、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、塩化セチルピリジニウム等の合成抗菌剤が用いられるが、余り有効ではない。従って、ニキビ菌にのみ抗菌性が強く、他の微生物に対して抗菌性の低い、即ち抗菌スペクトルの狭い、人に対して安全な天然由来の抗菌剤が望まれている。
【0008】
一方、近年、医療施設における院内感染が臨床上の大きな問題となっている。この原因となる微生物は、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(メチシリンレジスタント・スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス:MRSA)であり、抗生物質や消毒剤に抵抗性を持つ多剤耐性菌である。このため、MRSAに感染すると、抵抗力の弱い人は体内からMRSAを排除することが難しくなるため、治療が困難となり症状も重篤となりやすい。また、院内に感染が広まりだすと、これを押さえることはなかなか難しい。
【0009】
MRSAはβ−ラクタム系、マクロライド系、アミノ配糖体系等の抗生物質に耐性をもち、年々多剤耐性の幅を広げるとともに、高度耐性化が進む傾向にある。MRSAによる院内感染の防止のために「MRSAガイドライン」が策定されているが、新しい作用機作による抗菌剤、特に、天然由来の安全な抗菌剤の開発が望まれるが、十分な検討には至っていない。
【0010】
この様な観点から、本発明者等は、上記課題を解決すべく、植物抽出物の抗菌活性のスクリーニング研究を行った。その結果、クワ植物樹皮の極性有機溶媒抽出物が強い抗菌活性を有することを発見し、さらに、その抗菌活性成分がクワノールA、マルベロフランC、マルベロフランD、マルベロフランG、サンゲノンG、及び新規フラボノイド化合物であることを報告した(特願平9-157225、特願平8-155829、特願平8-155830)。
しかし、この抗菌成分は歯周病菌・虫歯菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAに対する効果は非常に強いが、白癬菌・ニキビ菌に対しては弱いことが判明した。従って、白癬菌・ニキビ菌に対する天然由来の抗菌剤は十分検討されていない。
【0011】
また、先に述べたユーカリ油やユーカリ抽出物については、これまで白癬菌・ニキビ菌・MRSAに対する抗菌作用の報告はない。さらに、本発明者が本発明で単離した2種の既知フラボン化合物 eucalyptin及び 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin(Aust. J. Chem. 17, 692, 1964; Aust. J. Chem. 17, 464, 1964)に関しても、白癬菌・ニキビ菌・MRSAに対する抗菌活性は知られていない。
【0012】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、白癬菌・ニキビ菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAに効果的で、かつ人体への影響がない安全性の高い天然の抽出物または化合物並びにそれを含有する抗菌剤を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ね、ユーカリ枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物並びにこの抽出物から液体クロマトグラフィーによって得られた3種の化合物が、白癬菌・ニキビ菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAに対してのみ強い抗菌活性があることを見いだした。さらに、当該化合物を同定し、主成分は新規ジヒドロカルコン化合物であり、副成分は2種の既知フラボン化合物 eucalyptin及び 8-desmethyl-eucalyptinであることを発見するとともに、これらを有効成分として含有する抗菌剤として本発明を完成するに至った。
【0014】
即ち、本発明は、ユーカリ属植物枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物を有効成分として含有する抗菌剤である。
また、本発明は、ユーカリ属植物枝葉を極性有機溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする抗菌物質の抽出方法であり、極性有機溶媒での抽出に先立ち、ユーカリ属植物枝葉を非極性有機溶媒で脱脂するのが好ましい。
さらに、本発明は、下記式(I)
【0015】
【化4】

Figure 0004061675
で示される新規ジヒドロカルコン化合物である。
また、本発明は、上記式(I)または下記式(II)もしくは(III)
【0016】
【化5】
Figure 0004061675
【0017】
【化6】
Figure 0004061675
で表されるいずれかの化合物を有効成分とする抗菌剤である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の抗菌剤の有効成分は、ユーカリ属植物の極性有機溶媒抽出物(以下、本抽出物という)である。原料となるユーカリ枝葉は、ユーカリ属植物の枝葉であれば使用可能で、Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis 等の枝葉を用いることが出来る。これらのユーカリ枝葉は単独の植物で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることも出来る。また、これらのユーカリ枝葉は適当な大きさに破砕したり、粉末化して用いる。
【0019】
本抽出物は、ユーカリ属植物枝葉をヘキサン等のアルカン類非極性有機溶媒で抽出、脱脂した後、ハロゲン化炭化水素、エーテル、低級脂肪酸エステル、ケトン、低級アルコールもしくはこれらの極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒、またはこれらの極性有機溶媒と非極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒のいずれかで抽出し、減圧濃縮することにより得ることが出来る。
【0020】
本発明の抗菌剤のジヒドロカルコン化合物及びフラボン化合物(以下、本化合物という)は、ユーカリ属植物の枝葉より以下に述べる方法で得てもよく、また化学合成によっても得ることが出来る。
【0021】
本化合物の製造方法の一例として、ユーカリ属植物の枝葉からの製造法を説明する。
まず、原料となるユーカリ枝葉は、ユーカリ属植物の枝葉であれば使用可能で、Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis等の枝葉を用いることが出来る。これらのユーカリ枝葉は単独の植物で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることも出来る。また、これらのユーカリ枝葉は適当な大きさに破砕したり、粉末化して用いる。
【0022】
本化合物は、ユーカリ属植物枝葉をヘキサン等のアルカン類非極性有機溶媒で抽出、脱脂した後、含ハロゲン炭化水素、低級脂肪酸エステル、低級アルコール、エーテル、ケトン等の極性有機溶媒で抽出し、減圧濃縮することによりユーカリ抽出物を得る。この様にして得た抽出物を有機溶媒と水との分配抽出により分画し、次に、セライト、フロリジル、シリカゲル、アルミナ等の吸着カラムクロマトグラフィー、ODS等の分配カラムクロマトグラフィー、DEAE等のイオン交換カラムクロマトグラフィー、並びにLH−20等の分子ふるいカラムクロマトグラフィーで粗生成物を得、さらにHPLCにより精製することにより得ることが出来る。
【0023】
抽出方法としては、一般に用いられる方法でよく、例えば有機溶媒中に原料ユーカリ枝葉を長時間浸漬する方法、有機溶媒の沸点以下の温度で加温、撹拌しながら抽出を行い、濾過して抽出物を得る方法などがある。
【0024】
脱脂工程に使用する非極性有機溶媒としては、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン等の炭化水素類が好ましい。抽出物収率の点からヘキサンが好ましい。
【0025】
抽出工程に使用する極性有機溶媒としては、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等の低級脂肪酸エステル類、またはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等の低級アルコール類、またはメチルエーテル、エチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類、またはアセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類が挙げられ、これら極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒並びに極性有機溶媒と非極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒を用いることが出来る。得られる抽出物の抗菌活性の点から酢酸エチル、アセトン、エタノールが好ましく、エタノールがさらに好ましい。
【0026】
また、上記抽出・分離操作中、脱脂工程を省略することも可能であるが、高活性なユーカリ抽出物を得るには、ユーカリ枝葉を直接極性有機溶媒で抽出するよりも、非極性有機溶媒で脱脂してから極性有機溶媒で抽出する態様が好ましい。ユーカリ枝葉抽出物の抗菌活性と収率を合わせて総合評価すると、抗菌活性が高く、抽出物の収率が高い方法は、脱脂時に用いる非極性有機溶媒としてはヘキサン、抽出溶媒としてはエタノールを組み合わせる態様が最も優れている。
【0027】
分配抽出に用いる溶媒は水と分離可能な有機溶媒であればよく、最初にヘキサン等の極性の低い溶媒を用いて抽出し、有機層を分離後、残った水層をジクロロメタン、酢酸エチル、n−ブタノールの様に徐々に極性をあげて分配抽出し、活性の高い画分を得る。
【0028】
精製工程に使用するカラムクロマトグラフィーとしては、セライト、フロリジル、シリカゲル等の吸着クロマトグラフィー及びODS等の逆相クロマトグラフィーを用いることが出来る。セライトカラムクロマトグラフィーでは、セライトを充填したカラムを用い、抽出物を吸着させ、ヘキサン−酢酸エチル混液等で展開し、活性化合物を溶出分離する。また、フロリジルクロマトグラフィーでは、フロリジルを充填したカラムを用い、抽出物を吸着させ、ヘキサン−酢酸エチル混液等で展開し、活性化合物を溶出分離する。また、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーでは、シリカゲルを充填したカラムを用い、抽出物を吸着させ、ヘキサン−酢酸エチル混液等で活性化合物を溶出分離する。ここで用いる溶媒はヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルエーテル、酢酸エチル、アセトン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、エタノール、イソプロパノール等を単独または混合して用いることが出来る。
【0029】
精製工程に使用するHPLCではODS、オクチル、フェニル、シアノプロピル等の逆相系クロマト充填剤やシリカゲル等の吸着系クロマト充填材を用いることが出来る。ODS−HPLCでは溶離液としてメタノール−蒸留水混液やアセトニトリル−蒸留水混液等を用いる。
【0030】
上記の方法により得られた本抽出物及び本化合物の抗菌作用はペーパーディスク法または液体培地希釈法を用いて、最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)を測定することにより評価することが出来る。
【0031】
本抽出物及び本化合物は特異な抗菌スペクトルを有する。即ち、本抽出物及び本化合物は白癬菌・ニキビ菌に対する抗菌性が一般的な合成抗菌剤である塩化セチルピルジニウムよりも優れている。特に、天然由来の抗菌剤であるヒノキチオールよりも白癬菌・ニキビ菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAに対する抗菌性が非常に優れている。
【0032】
一方、本抽出物及び本化合物はその他の菌に対する抗菌活性は非常に弱く、抗菌スペクトルが狭い。
従って、本抽出物及び本化合物は、安全性の高い抗菌成分として医薬・医薬部外品・化粧品・動物薬等に広く利用出来、特に、水虫・ニキビ菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAの予防及び治療剤として有用である。
【0033】
また、本抽出物及び本化合物は、白癬菌・ニキビ菌・黄色ブドウ球菌・MRSAの感染予防として、皮膚の衛生を保つため、肌着、靴下等の衣類並びに枕カバー、ソファーやベッドのカバー、カーペット、カーテン、スリッパ、サンダル、靴敷皮等の日用品の素材として用いられる繊維、布、不織布、紙、皮の抗菌加工に利用出来る。
【0034】
本抽出物及び本化合物を含有させた抗菌剤の使用態様・剤形については、特に限定されることなく、例えば、固形状、粉状、液状、ペースト状、錠剤、粉末、スプレー剤、ムース剤、繊維・シートへの固定等用途に応じて多岐にわたって選択され、これらへの製剤化・加工は常套的な方法によって行われる。
【0035】
本発明の抗菌剤中における有効成分の含有量は、その使用態様・剤形により適宜変更しうるが、例えば有効成分を0.000001〜20重量%、好ましくは0.00001〜10重量%程度含有させることが例示される。この範囲の上限を越えると、抗菌剤の芳香に影響するので好ましくなく、下限を下回ると効果が得にくくなり望ましくない。
【0036】
本発明の抗菌剤によってその生育が抑制され、殺菌されうる微生物としては、水虫原因菌である白癬菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 5466)及びニキビ原因菌であるニキビ菌(Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919) 及び黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732)並びに院内感染原因菌であるMRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus RIM 0310925)を挙げることが出来る。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下、実施例、試験例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに何ら制限されるものではない。
〔実施例1〕
ユーカリ(Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis)の枝葉を乾燥し(それぞれ乾燥重量30g)、アセトン500mlで3日間室温で抽出した。抽出液は減圧下溶媒を留去し、アセトン抽出物を得た。
【0038】
〔実施例2〕
ユーカリ(Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis)の枝葉を乾燥し(それぞれ乾燥重量30g)、エタノール500mlで3日間室温で抽出した。抽出液は減圧下溶媒を留去し、エタノール抽出物を得た。
【0039】
〔実施例3〕
ユーカリ(Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis)の枝葉を乾燥し(それぞれ乾燥重量30g)、n−ヘキサン500mlで2日間室温で脱脂後、エタノール500mlで3日間室温で抽出した。抽出液は減圧下溶媒を留去し、エタノール抽出物を得た。
【0040】
〔実施例4〕
ユーカリ(E. maculata)の枝葉を乾燥し(乾燥重量500g)、n−ヘキサン6Lで2日間室温で脱脂後、アセトン6Lで3日間室温で抽出した。抽出液は減圧下溶媒を留去し、アセトン抽出物約65g(枝葉からの収率13%)を得た。
【0041】
次に、アセトン抽出物を最初にヘキサンと水で分配抽出し、ヘキサン層を分離後、残った水層をジクロロメタンで分配抽出し、さらに酢酸エチル、n−ブタノールの順に分配抽出した。活性の高い画分として酢酸エチル画分を濃縮し、酢酸エチル抽出物を約23g得た(枝葉からの収率4.6%)。
【0042】
次に、酢酸エチル画分をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、ヘキサン−酢酸エチル混液で溶出した。ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=3/1混液で溶出した画分を濃縮し3.92gの活性画分を得た(枝葉からの収率0.78%)。この画分をさらにODS−HPLCに付し、メタノール−蒸留水=80/20混液で分取し、化合物(I)を1.33g(枝葉中含有率0.27%)、化合物(II)を156mg(枝葉中含有率0.031%)、化合物(III)を125mg(枝葉中含有率0.025%)得た。
【0043】
化合物(II)及び(III)は理化学データよりそれぞれ既知フラボン化合物 eucalyptin 及び 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin(Aust. J. Chem. 17, 692, 1964; Aust. J. Chem. 17, 464, 1964)であることが判明した。
【0044】
化合物(I)は次の理化学的性質より新規ジヒドロカルコン化合物であることが判明した。
分子量: EI-MS m/z 286(M+), 181, 154、分子式:C17184
UV(λmax MeOH):286nm(ε=21700)
IR(νmax KBr):3296, 2944, 2924, 1650, 1595, 1516, 1429, 1274, 1247, 1213, 1147, 1112, 1082, 886, 799, 742, 720, 699, 468cm-1
1H-NMR(δDMSO-d6):1.86(3H, s), 2.89(1H, t, J=7.6), 3.32(1H, t, J=7.6), 3.77(3H, s), 6.08(1H,s), 7.15-7.30(5H, m), 10.92(1H, s), 13.64(1H, s) ppm
13C-NMR(δDMSO-d6) :7.2, 30.1, 45.3, 55.4, 90.3, 102.3, 104.1, 125.8, 128.3, 141.6, 160.5, 162.0, 163.2, 204.7 ppm
【0045】
〔参考例〕
実施例1から実施例4で得られた抽出物及び化合物(I)に対する抗菌活性試験に用いた11種の微生物、及びその培養法は表1に示す通りである。
【0046】
【表1】
Figure 0004061675
【0047】
〔試験例1〕抗菌作用の測定(液体培地希釈法)
(1)試験微生物
本試験に用いた微生物は次に示した11種である。
微生物名
白癬菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 5466)
ニキビ菌(Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919)
MRSA(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus RIM 0310925)
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス (Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732)
ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス (Porphyromonas gingivalis 381)
ストレプトコッカス・ソブリナス (Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176)
エシエリヒア・コリ (Esherichia coli HB 101)
シュードモナス・プチダ (Pseudomonas putida IFO 3738)
バチルス・ズブチリス (Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465)
アースロバクター・グロビフォルミス (Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 12137)
アスペルギルス・ニガー (Aspergillus niger IFO 6341)
【0048】
(2)試験方法
抗菌作用の測定法として歯周病菌を含む各種微生物に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)を、液体培地希釈法により求めた。
即ち、上記の11種の微生物を培養し、細菌については菌数約5×108個/mlに、真菌については胞子数約5×106個/mlに調製した。次に、DMSOに溶解した抽出物サンプルを最終濃度が250〜0.2μg/mlになるように10μlを培地190μlに添加した(96ウエルプレート)。各ウエルに上記菌懸濁液10μlを加え、表1に示す各菌の培養に適した条件で培養し、菌の発育の有無を肉眼で観察した。尚、ニキビ菌については嫌気条件下で培養した。発育が認められない最小濃度(μg/ml)をMICとした。
実施例1〜3で得られた抽出物についてMICの結果を表2〜4に示した。
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 0004061675
【0050】
【表3】
Figure 0004061675
【0051】
【表4】
Figure 0004061675
【0052】
表2はアセトン抽出物、表3はエタノール抽出物の抗菌活性を示している。7種のユーカリ( Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus viminalis)をアセトンやエタノールの様な極性有機溶媒により抽出して得られた抽出物は、水虫原因菌である白癬菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes)及びニキビ原因菌であるニキビ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)及び黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732)並びに院内感染原因菌であるMRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)に対して特異的に高い抗菌活性を示しているが、他の微生物類に対しては抗菌活性が弱い。
また、抽出に用いる極性有機溶媒の比較では、エタノールの方がアセトンよりも抗菌活性の若干高い抽出物が得られる。
【0053】
表4は7種のユーカリについてヘキサン脱脂後エタノールで抽出した抽出物の抗菌活性を示した。表4と表3を比較すると、ヘキサン脱脂後エタノールで抽出した抽出物は単にエタノールで抽出した抽出物よりも白癬菌、ニキビ菌、黄色ブドウ球菌、MRSAに対してさらに高い抗菌活性が得られることが分かる。一方、他の微生物類に対しては抗菌活性が弱いという特異な抗菌活性スペクトルを有する。この様にユーカリ極性有機溶媒抽出物、特に、ヘキサンの様な非極性有機溶媒で脱脂後に極性有機溶媒で抽出して得られるユーカリ抽出物は、白癬菌、ニキビ菌、黄色ブドウ球菌、MRSAに有効で、抗菌活性スペクトルが狭く、人体に安全性の高い抗菌剤であることを示している。
【0054】
また実施例4で得られた抗菌性化合物(I)、(II)、(III)についてMICの結果を表5に示した。同時に陽性コントロールとして合成抗菌剤トリクロサン(T)塩化セチルピリジニウム(CPC)、天然抗菌剤ヒノキチオール(H)も同様にMICを測定し、併せて表5に示した。
【0055】
【表5】
Figure 0004061675
【0056】
表5に示したごとく本化合物(I、II、III)は、比較例に示した市販の抗菌剤であるトリクロサン(T)、塩化セチルピリジニウム(CPC)と比べて白癬菌、ニキビ菌、黄色ブドウ球菌、MRSAに対する抗菌力が強いが、他の微生物類に対しては抗菌活性が弱いという特異な抗菌活性スペクトルを有する。特に、化合物(I)は白癬菌に対して、また化合物(II)、(III)はニキビ菌に対して抗菌作用が選択的な抗菌剤である。このことは、抗菌活性スペクトルが狭い、人体に安全性の高い医薬・医薬部外品として適当な抗菌剤であることを示している。
【0057】
〔試験例2〕急性毒性試験
本抽出物及び本化合物の安全性はマウスを用いた急性毒性試験からも明らかである。即ち、E. globulus及び E. maculata のアセトン抽出物をエタノール/オリーブオイル(1/1)に溶解し、マウスに経口投与並びに皮下注射した。経口投与では0.7〜13.5g/kgまでの6水準、また、皮下注射では0.5〜6.6g/kgまでの6水準について急性毒性試験を行い、一週間マウスの状態を観察した。いずれの実験においてもマウスは生存し、皮膚等の異常も見られなかった。この毒性試験結果は、厚生省の普通薬としての急性毒性基準であるマウス皮下注射LD50>0.2g/kgよりも遙かに高い値であり、非常に安全な医薬・医薬部外品であることを示している。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、水虫及びニキビの予防・治療並びに院内感染防止に有効で、かつ人体に安全な抗菌剤が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent containing a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves as an active ingredient, and a novel dihydrochalcone having an antibacterial activity and useful as a pharmaceutical or quasi-drug derived from a Eucalyptus plant. Compounds and known flavone compounds (eucalyptin and 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin). More specifically, the present invention relates to an antibacterial agent that suppresses or sterilizes ringworm, acne or MRSA, and is effective in preventing and treating athlete's foot or acne and preventing hospital infection.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In Eucalyptus plants, essential oils and ethanol extracts are widely used as pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, food additives, and fragrances as asthma drugs, bronchitis drugs, coughs, disinfectants, oral preparations, preservatives, and fragrances. ing. There have been many studies on physiologically active substances contained in eucalyptus, and these have been described in a review (Hiroyuki Nishimura, Future Bioresource Eucalyptus, 1987). Cineol, which is a major component of eucalyptus oil, is known to be effective as a preservative and to enhance the action of antibacterial active substances (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-289511). Recently, an antibacterial action of an extract obtained by extracting a residue obtained by removing an essential oil component of a Eucalyptus plant extract with a polar organic solvent has been studied, and the antibacterial component is reported to be a phloroglucinol derivative. In addition, anti-cariogenic agents and anti-periodontal agents containing eucalyptus polar organic solvent extract or its antibacterial substance as active ingredients have also been reported (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-109118).
[0003]
Japan is an ideal environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms because of the climate that is hot and humid in summer. Some of these microorganisms have harmful effects on human life, one of which is ringworm. Ringworm fungus is generally called an athlete's foot fungus and is a filamentous fungus that infects the skin. In order to prevent infection with ringworm, it is necessary to keep the underwear, socks, slippers, sandals, shoes, etc. clean while paying attention to skin hygiene, especially cleanliness and dryness.
[0004]
In addition, with the improvement of Japanese living standards, antibacterial goods are required to keep the living environment comfortable. In particular, antibacterial agents derived from natural products that are safer for humans have been demanded due to the improvement of awareness regarding consumer life. As an antibacterial agent derived from natural products, hinokitiol, an extract of Aomori Hiba, is used in various antibacterial goods.
However, the antibacterial action of hinokitiol against ringworm is weak. Accordingly, there is a demand for a naturally-occurring antibacterial agent that has strong antibacterial properties only against ringworm and low antibacterial properties against other microorganisms, that is, has a narrow antibacterial spectrum and is safe for humans.
[0005]
On the other hand, interest in skin care has increased recently, and skin care for acne prevention and treatment has attracted attention, particularly among adolescents aged 11 to 25 years. When acne becomes severe, it often leaves a mark after treatment, and it often causes mental depression and affects daily life and social activities.
There are three important causes of acne: (1) enlargement of sebaceous glands, (2) increased keratinization of hair follicle pores, and (3) the effects of bacteria. In particular, (3) acne gonococcus is the most important factor in acne generation. When sebum accumulates due to (1) (2), the presence of skin resident bacteria present in the hair funnel of hair follicles Acne gonococcus and skin yellow staphylococcus increase, and the lipase of these bacteria breaks down triglycerides constituting sebum and converts them into free fatty acids. Free fatty acids act on the hair follicle epithelium, produce various enzymes, destroy the hair follicle wall, and cause inflammation around the hair follicle.
[0006]
For the prevention and treatment of acne, it is important to always clean the skin and not to eat a lot of fatty foods. In particular, it is necessary to reduce the acne gonococcus that causes acne. For that purpose, it is important to keep the skin clean, clean the hair touching the face, and the pillow cover touching the face and hair, etc. by cleansing the face with a disinfectant.
[0007]
However, synthetic antibacterial agents such as triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride are used as antibacterial agents for acne, but are not very effective. Therefore, a naturally-occurring antibacterial agent that has strong antibacterial properties only against acne and has low antibacterial properties against other microorganisms, that is, has a narrow antibacterial spectrum, is safe for humans.
[0008]
On the other hand, nosocomial infection in medical facilities has become a major clinical problem in recent years. The microbe causing this is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: MRSA), which is a multi-drug resistant bacterium having resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. For this reason, when infected with MRSA, it becomes difficult for a person with low resistance to eliminate MRSA from the body, which makes treatment difficult and symptom serious. Also, once the infection spreads in the hospital, it is difficult to suppress it.
[0009]
MRSA has resistance to antibiotics such as β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, etc., and has a tendency to increase the resistance to multidrugs and to increase the level of resistance every year. “MRSA guidelines” have been formulated to prevent nosocomial infections caused by MRSA, but it is desirable to develop antibacterial agents with a new mechanism of action, particularly safe antibacterial agents of natural origin. Not in.
[0010]
From such a viewpoint, the present inventors conducted a screening study on the antibacterial activity of plant extracts in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, it was discovered that the polar organic solvent extract of mulberry plant bark has strong antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial active ingredients are quanol A, marvelofuran C, marvelofuran D, marvelofuran G, sangenone G, and a novel flavonoid compound. It was reported (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 9-157225, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-155529, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-155830).
However, this antibacterial component was found to be very effective against periodontal disease bacteria, caries bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, but weak against ringworm and acne. Therefore, natural antibacterial agents against ringworm and acne have not been sufficiently studied.
[0011]
In addition, there has been no report on the antibacterial activity of eucalyptus oil and eucalyptus extract described above against ringworm, acne and MRSA. In addition, two known flavone compounds eucalyptin and 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin isolated by the present inventors (Aust. J. Chem. 17, 692, 1964; Aust. J. Chem. 17, 464, 1964) Also, antibacterial activity against ringworm, acne and MRSA is not known.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe natural extract or compound that is effective against ringworm, acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA and that does not affect the human body, and an antibacterial agent containing the same. It is in.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the polar organic solvent extract of eucalyptus branches and leaves and three compounds obtained from this extract by liquid chromatography are: Ringworm, Acne, Yellow It was found that it has strong antibacterial activity only against staphylococci and MRSA. Furthermore, the compound was identified, the main component was a novel dihydrochalcone compound, and the secondary component was found to be two known flavone compounds, eucalyptin and 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin, and an antibacterial containing these as active ingredients The present invention has been completed as an agent.
[0014]
That is, the present invention is an antibacterial agent containing a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves as an active ingredient.
The present invention is also an antibacterial substance extraction method characterized by extracting Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves with a polar organic solvent, and prior to extraction with a polar organic solvent, Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves are defatted with a nonpolar organic solvent. It is preferable to do this.
Furthermore, the present invention provides the following formula (I)
[0015]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004061675
It is a novel dihydrochalcone compound shown by.
Further, the present invention provides the above formula (I) or the following formula (II) or (III)
[0016]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0004061675
[0017]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0004061675
It is an antibacterial agent which uses any one compound represented by these as an active ingredient.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The active ingredient of the antibacterial agent of the present invention is a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plants (hereinafter referred to as the present extract). Eucalyptus branches and leaves used as raw materials can be used as long as they are branches and leaves of Eucalyptus plants. Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis and the like can be used. These eucalyptus branches and leaves may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, these eucalyptus branches and leaves are crushed to an appropriate size or powdered before use.
[0019]
This extract is obtained by extracting and defatting Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves with an alkane nonpolar organic solvent such as hexane, and then halogenated hydrocarbon, ether, lower fatty acid ester, ketone, lower alcohol or a mixed solvent of these polar organic solvents. Or by extraction with any of these polar organic solvents and non-polar organic solvents, and concentration under reduced pressure.
[0020]
The dihydrochalcone compound and flavone compound (hereinafter referred to as the present compound) of the antibacterial agent of the present invention may be obtained from the branches and leaves of Eucalyptus plants by the method described below, or by chemical synthesis.
[0021]
As an example of the method for producing this compound, a method for producing Eucalyptus plants from branches and leaves will be described.
First, Eucalyptus branches and leaves used as raw materials can be used as long as they are branches and leaves of Eucalyptus plants. Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis and the like can be used. These eucalyptus branches and leaves may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, these eucalyptus branches and leaves are crushed to an appropriate size or powdered before use.
[0022]
This compound extracts Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves with non-polar alkanes such as hexane, degreased, and then extracted with polar organic solvents such as halogen-containing hydrocarbons, lower fatty acid esters, lower alcohols, ethers, ketones, etc. A eucalyptus extract is obtained by concentrating. The extract thus obtained is fractionated by partition extraction with an organic solvent and water, and then, adsorption column chromatography such as celite, florisil, silica gel, alumina, partition column chromatography such as ODS, DEAE, etc. The crude product can be obtained by ion exchange column chromatography and molecular sieve column chromatography such as LH-20, and further purified by HPLC.
[0023]
The extraction method may be a commonly used method, for example, a method of immersing the raw eucalyptus branches and leaves in an organic solvent for a long time, extraction with heating and stirring at a temperature below the boiling point of the organic solvent, filtration and extraction There are ways to get it.
[0024]
As the nonpolar organic solvent used in the degreasing step, hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane are preferable. Hexane is preferred in terms of extract yield.
[0025]
Examples of polar organic solvents used in the extraction step include halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, and trichloroethane, lower fatty acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate, or lower fatty acids such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol. Examples include alcohols, ethers such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. A mixed solvent of these polar organic solvents and a mixed solvent of a polar organic solvent and a nonpolar organic solvent are used. Can be used. In view of the antibacterial activity of the resulting extract, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol are preferred, and ethanol is more preferred.
[0026]
In addition, during the above extraction / separation operation, the degreasing step can be omitted, but in order to obtain a highly active eucalyptus extract, a eucalyptus branch or leaf is extracted with a nonpolar organic solvent rather than directly with a polar organic solvent. An embodiment in which degreasing and extraction with a polar organic solvent are preferred. Comprehensively evaluating the antibacterial activity and yield of Eucalyptus branch extract, the method with high antibacterial activity and high extract yield is a combination of hexane as the nonpolar organic solvent used for degreasing and ethanol as the extraction solvent. The embodiment is the best.
[0027]
The solvent used for the partition extraction may be any organic solvent that can be separated from water. First, extraction is performed using a solvent having a low polarity such as hexane, and the organic layer is separated. Then, the remaining aqueous layer is diluted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n -Divide and extract gradually with increasing polarity like butanol to obtain a highly active fraction.
[0028]
As column chromatography used in the purification step, adsorption chromatography such as celite, florisil and silica gel and reverse phase chromatography such as ODS can be used. In celite column chromatography, a column packed with celite is used, the extract is adsorbed and developed with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixture or the like, and the active compound is eluted and separated. In Florisil chromatography, a column filled with Florisil is used to adsorb the extract and developed with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixture or the like to elute and separate active compounds. In silica gel column chromatography, a column packed with silica gel is used to adsorb the extract, and the active compound is eluted and separated with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixture or the like. As the solvent used here, hexane, benzene, toluene, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol, isopropanol or the like can be used alone or in combination.
[0029]
In HPLC used in the purification process, reverse phase chromatographic packing materials such as ODS, octyl, phenyl, cyanopropyl, and adsorption chromatographic packing materials such as silica gel can be used. In ODS-HPLC, methanol-distilled water mixture, acetonitrile-distilled water mixture, or the like is used as an eluent.
[0030]
The antibacterial action of the present extract and the present compound obtained by the above method can be evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a paper disk method or a liquid medium dilution method.
[0031]
The extract and the compound have a unique antimicrobial spectrum. That is, this extract and this compound are superior to cetylpyridinium chloride, which is a general synthetic antibacterial agent, with antibacterial activity against ringworm and acne. In particular, antibacterial properties against ringworm, acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA are much superior to hinokitiol, which is a naturally occurring antibacterial agent.
[0032]
On the other hand, the extract and the compound have very weak antibacterial activity against other bacteria and have a narrow antibacterial spectrum.
Therefore, the extract and the compound can be widely used as a highly safe antibacterial ingredient in medicine, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, veterinary drugs, etc., and in particular, prevention and treatment of athlete's foot, acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA Useful as an agent.
[0033]
In addition, this extract and this compound are used to prevent the infection of ringworm, acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA, and to maintain skin hygiene, clothing such as underwear and socks, pillow covers, sofa and bed covers, carpets It can be used for antibacterial processing of textiles, fabrics, non-woven fabrics, paper, and leather used as materials for daily necessities such as curtains, slippers, sandals, and shoe covers.
[0034]
The usage mode and dosage form of the antibacterial agent containing the present extract and the present compound are not particularly limited, and for example, solid, powder, liquid, paste, tablet, powder, spray, mousse They are selected from a wide variety according to applications such as fixation to fibers and sheets, and preparation and processing into these are performed by conventional methods.
[0035]
The content of the active ingredient in the antibacterial agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the use mode and dosage form. For example, the active ingredient is contained in an amount of 0.000001 to 20% by weight, preferably about 0.00001 to 10% by weight. Is done. Exceeding the upper limit of this range is not preferable because it affects the fragrance of the antibacterial agent.
[0036]
Microorganisms whose growth can be suppressed and sterilized by the antibacterial agent of the present invention include Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 5466, an acne-causing fungus, and acne-causing fungi ( Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919) and Staphylococcus aureus. ( Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732) and MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus RIM 0310925) which is a nosocomial infection-causing bacterium.
[0037]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a test example demonstrate this invention concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited at all to these.
[Example 1]
Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis ) branch leaves were dried (each with a dry weight of 30 g) and extracted with 500 ml of acetone at room temperature for 3 days. The extract was distilled off the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain an acetone extract.
[0038]
[Example 2]
Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis ) branch leaves were dried (each with a dry weight of 30 g) and extracted with 500 ml of ethanol at room temperature for 3 days. The extract was distilled off the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain an ethanol extract.
[0039]
Example 3
Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis ) branch leaves (each dry weight 30 g), degreased in 500 ml of n-hexane at room temperature for 2 days at 500 ml of n-hexane. Extracted at room temperature for 3 days. The extract was distilled off the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain an ethanol extract.
[0040]
Example 4
Eucalyptus ( E. maculata ) branches and leaves were dried (dry weight 500 g), degreased with 6 L of n-hexane for 2 days at room temperature, and then extracted with 6 L of acetone for 3 days at room temperature. The solvent was distilled off from the extract under reduced pressure to obtain about 65 g of acetone extract (yield from branches and leaves: 13%).
[0041]
Next, the acetone extract was first partitioned and extracted with hexane and water, the hexane layer was separated, the remaining aqueous layer was partitioned and extracted with dichloromethane, and further partitioned and extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol in this order. The ethyl acetate fraction was concentrated as a highly active fraction to obtain about 23 g of an ethyl acetate extract (yield from branches and leaves: 4.6%).
[0042]
Next, the ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixture. The fraction eluted with hexane / ethyl acetate = 3/1 was concentrated to obtain 3.92 g of active fraction (yield from branches and leaves: 0.78%). This fraction was further subjected to ODS-HPLC, and fractionated with a methanol-distilled water = 80/20 mixed solution to obtain 1.33 g of compound (I) (content in branch leaves: 0.27%) and 156 mg of compound (II) ( The content in branches and leaves was 0.031%), and 125 mg of compound (III) (content in branches and leaves was 0.025%) was obtained.
[0043]
Compounds (II) and (III) are known flavone compounds eucalyptin and 8-desmethyl-eucalyptin (Aust. J. Chem. 17, 692, 1964; Aust. J. Chem. 17, 464, 1964) from physicochemical data, respectively. It has been found.
[0044]
Compound (I) was found to be a novel dihydrochalcone compound from the following physicochemical properties.
Molecular weight: EI-MS m / z 286 (M + ), 181, 154, molecular formula: C 17 H 18 O 4
UV (λ max MeOH): 286 nm (ε = 21700)
IR (ν max KBr): 3296, 2944, 2924, 1650, 1595, 1516, 1429, 1274, 1247, 1213, 1147, 1112, 1082, 886, 799, 742, 720, 699, 468cm -1
1 H-NMR (δDMSO-d 6 ): 1.86 (3H, s), 2.89 (1H, t, J = 7.6), 3.32 (1H, t, J = 7.6), 3.77 (3H, s), 6.08 (1H , s), 7.15-7.30 (5H, m), 10.92 (1H, s), 13.64 (1H, s) ppm
13 C-NMR (δDMSO-d 6 ): 7.2, 30.1, 45.3, 55.4, 90.3, 102.3, 104.1, 125.8, 128.3, 141.6, 160.5, 162.0, 163.2, 204.7 ppm
[0045]
[Reference example]
Table 11 shows 11 types of microorganisms used in the antibacterial activity test for the extracts and compounds (I) obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and their culture methods.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004061675
[0047]
[Test Example 1] Measurement of antibacterial action (liquid medium dilution method)
(1) Test microorganisms The following 11 microorganisms were used in this test.
Microorganism name Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 5466
Acne ( Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919)
MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus RIM 0310925)
Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732
Porphyromonas gingivalis 381
Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176
Esherichia coli HB 101
Pseudomonas putida (Pseudomonas putida IFO 3738)
Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465
Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 12137
Aspergillus niger IFO 6341
[0048]
(2) Test method As an antibacterial activity measurement method, the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) for various microorganisms including periodontal disease bacteria was determined by a liquid medium dilution method.
That is, the above 11 kinds of microorganisms were cultured, and the number of bacteria was adjusted to about 5 × 10 8 cells / ml, and the fungus was adjusted to about 5 × 10 6 cells / ml. Next, 10 μl of the extract sample dissolved in DMSO was added to 190 μl of medium so that the final concentration was 250 to 0.2 μg / ml (96-well plate). 10 μl of the above-mentioned bacterial suspension was added to each well and cultured under conditions suitable for culturing each of the bacteria shown in Table 1, and the presence or absence of bacterial growth was observed with the naked eye. Acne bacteria were cultured under anaerobic conditions. The minimum concentration (μg / ml) at which no growth was observed was defined as MIC.
The MIC results for the extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Tables 2 to 4.
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004061675
[0050]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004061675
[0051]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004061675
[0052]
Table 2 shows the antibacterial activity of the acetone extract and Table 3 shows the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract. Extracts obtained by extracting seven kinds of Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus globulus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus maculata , Eucalyptus viminalis ) with polar organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol Specific to Trichophyton mentagrophytes, acne-causing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus 209P IFO 12732, and MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) The antibacterial activity is weak against other microorganisms.
Moreover, in the comparison of the polar organic solvent used for extraction, an extract having a slightly higher antibacterial activity is obtained with ethanol than with acetone.
[0053]
Table 4 shows the antibacterial activity of the extract of 7 types of eucalyptus extracted with ethanol after hexane defatting. When Table 4 and Table 3 are compared, the extract extracted with ethanol after hexane degreasing has higher antibacterial activity against ringworm, acne, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA than the extract extracted with ethanol. I understand. On the other hand, it has a unique antibacterial activity spectrum that its antibacterial activity is weak against other microorganisms. Thus, eucalyptus polar organic solvent extract, especially eucalyptus extract obtained by extraction with polar organic solvent after degreasing with non-polar organic solvent such as hexane, is effective against ringworm, acne, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA This indicates that the antibacterial activity spectrum is narrow and the antibacterial agent is highly safe for the human body.
[0054]
Table 5 shows the MIC results for the antibacterial compounds (I), (II) and (III) obtained in Example 4. At the same time, as a positive control, the synthetic antibacterial agent triclosan (T) cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and the natural antibacterial agent hinokitiol (H) were also measured in the same manner, and are also shown in Table 5.
[0055]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004061675
[0056]
As shown in Table 5, the present compounds (I, II, III) are more effective than triclosan (T) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which are commercially available antibacterial agents shown in Comparative Examples. It has a specific antibacterial activity spectrum that has strong antibacterial activity against cocci and MRSA, but weak antibacterial activity against other microorganisms. In particular, compound (I) is an antibacterial agent with selective antibacterial activity against ringworm and compounds (II) and (III) are selective against acne. This indicates that the antibacterial activity spectrum is narrow and the antibacterial agent is suitable as a pharmaceutical / quasi-drug that is highly safe for the human body.
[0057]
[Test Example 2] Acute toxicity test The safety of the extract and the compound is also evident from an acute toxicity test using mice. That, E. The acetone extract of globulus and E. maculata is dissolved in ethanol / olive oil (1/1), was orally administered and injected subcutaneously into mice. Acute toxicity tests were conducted on 6 levels from 0.7 to 13.5 g / kg for oral administration and 6 levels from 0.5 to 6.6 g / kg for subcutaneous injection, and the condition of mice was observed for one week. In any experiment, the mouse survived and no abnormality such as skin was observed. This toxicity test result is far higher than the subcutaneous injection LD50> 0.2 g / kg, which is the acute toxicity standard as an ordinary drug of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and is a very safe drug / quasi-drug. Show.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the antimicrobial agent effective in the prevention and treatment of athlete's foot and acne and prevention of nosocomial infection and safe for the human body is provided.

Claims (9)

ユーカリ属植物枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物を有効成分として含有する白癬菌に有効な抗菌剤。 An antibacterial agent effective against ringworm fungus which contains a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves as an active ingredient. ユーカリ属植物枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物を有効成分として含有するニキビ菌に有効な抗菌剤。 An antibacterial agent effective against acne that contains a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves as an active ingredient. ユーカリ属植物枝葉の極性有機溶媒抽出物を有効成分として含有するメチシリンレジスタント・スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(MRSA)菌に有効な抗菌剤。 An antibacterial agent effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria containing a polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves as an active ingredient. ユーカリ属植物枝葉を極性有機溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする、白癬菌に有効な抗菌物質の抽出方法。A method for extracting antibacterial substances effective against ringworm fungi, which comprises extracting Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves with a polar organic solvent. ユーカリ属植物枝葉を極性有機溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする、ニキビ菌に有効な抗菌物質の抽出方法。A method for extracting an antibacterial substance effective against acne bacteria, characterized in that Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves are extracted with a polar organic solvent. ユーカリ属植物枝葉を極性有機溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする、メチシリンレジスタント・スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(MRSA)菌に有効な抗菌物質の抽出方法。A method for extracting an antibacterial substance effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , characterized by extracting Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves with a polar organic solvent. 極性有機溶媒での抽出に先立ち、ユーカリ属植物枝葉を非極性有機溶媒で脱脂することを特徴とする請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抽出方法。Prior to extraction with a polar organic solvent, Eucalyptus plant branches and leaves are defatted with a nonpolar organic solvent, and the extraction method according to any one of claims 4 to 6 . 脱脂に使用する非極性有機溶媒が、アルカンである請求項記載の方法。The method according to claim 7 , wherein the nonpolar organic solvent used for degreasing is an alkane. 抽出に使用する極性有機溶媒が、ハロゲン化炭化水素、エーテル、低級脂肪酸エステル、ケトン、低級アルコールもしくはこれらの極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒、またはこれらの極性有機溶媒と非極性有機溶媒の混合溶媒のいずれかである請求項4〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。The polar organic solvent used for extraction is any of halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, lower fatty acid esters, ketones, lower alcohols, mixed solvents of these polar organic solvents, or mixed solvents of these polar organic solvents and nonpolar organic solvents. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 .
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