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JP4077115B2 - Filter material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP4077115B2 - Filter material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4077115B2
JP4077115B2 JP16957899A JP16957899A JP4077115B2 JP 4077115 B2 JP4077115 B2 JP 4077115B2 JP 16957899 A JP16957899 A JP 16957899A JP 16957899 A JP16957899 A JP 16957899A JP 4077115 B2 JP4077115 B2 JP 4077115B2
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Prior art keywords
hydroxyapatite
aqueous solution
ions
filter material
substrate
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JP2000140586A (en
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善之 横川
哲也 亀山
光史 岡田
雅彦 奥山
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Niterra Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フィルタ材及びその製造方法に関する。更に詳しくは、気体或いは液体中のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等を捕捉するフィルタ材及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
古くより、活性炭、ゼオライト、粘土等の多孔性物質は固体物質捕捉用フィルタとして知られており、特に活性炭及びゼオライトは特定気体を吸着する物質として使われている。また、水酸アパタイト等のリン酸カルシウム系化合物がウィルスや細菌、悪臭成分などを吸着する性質を利用したリン酸カルシウム系フィルタ(特開昭61−235752号公報)が既に知られている。また、繊維及び紙などの有機高分子基材の表面にリン酸カルシウム系粒子を結合剤を使用して担持させたフィルタ材(特開平3−207414号公報、特開平6−106012号公報)及び同様なマスク(特開平5−115572号公報)等が知られている。更に、予め繊維パルプとリン酸カルシウム系粒子を混合し、抄紙して複合フィルタとしたものが知られている。
しかしながら、これらのリン酸カルシウム系粒子を高分子基材に担持したものや抄紙した複合フィルタは、結合剤によりリン酸カルシウム系粒子が被覆されてしまい本来の吸着特性を発揮するに至っていない。
【0003】
また、生体内の骨形成反応を模倣し、結合剤を使用しないで基材の表面に水酸アパタイト膜を被覆したフィルタ材(特開平10−099622)も開示されているが、このフィルタ材の水酸アパタイト結晶は細かいため、ウィルス等に対して十分な吸着能を発揮できないことがある。
また、従来、リン酸カルシウム系結晶を析出させる際には、生体内の骨形成反応を模倣し、人体の体液成分組成に似た疑似体液を使用する方法が多くなされてきた。しかし、この疑似体液中に含まれるマグネシウムイオン等、特に炭酸イオンは水酸アパタイト結晶が生成する際に、不純物として取り込まれることにより結晶性が低下し、鱗片状の小結晶しか得ることができない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、特定の条件で成長させた、比較的大きな板状の水酸アパタイト結晶からなる皮膜を基材の表面に生成させたフィルタ材であって、細菌、ウィルス、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等に対して高い吸着能を発揮するフィルタ材及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第1発明のフィルタ材は、カルシウムイオンを含み、リン酸イオンを含まない第1水溶液に基材を浸漬した後、該第1水溶液から該基材を取り出して乾燥し、その後、この基材をリン酸イオンを含み、カルシウムイオンを含まない、pH8以上の第2水溶液に浸漬して水酸アパタイトが成長するサイトを導入し、次いで、マグネシウムイオン及び硫酸イオンを含まず、炭酸イオン濃度が0〜4mMであり、且つ実質的に飽和乃至過飽和濃度の水酸アパタイト成分を含有する第3水溶液に浸漬し、上記基材の表面に厚さ0.03〜0.5μmの板状の水酸アパタイト結晶を生成させることにより、上記基材の表面に水酸アパタイト被膜を形成して得られ、且つ、気体或いは液体中のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分を捕捉するためのフィルタ材であって、上記水酸アパタイト皮膜は、上記板状の水酸アパタイト結晶と、上記基材の表面及び複数の該水酸アパタイト結晶の表面のうち、少なくとも該水酸アパタイト結晶の表面により形成される多数の微小空隙とにより構成されていることを特徴とする。
【0006】
上記「皮膜」とは、上記板状の水酸アパタイト結晶が、基材の表面に対して積み重さなること及び連接すること等により、基材を被覆しているものである。即ち、この皮膜は、基材表面及び板状結晶を形成している平面及び曲面が、あらゆる角度で、相互に近接或いは接することにより形成される微小空隙と板状結晶により構成される。
上記「板状」は、柱状或いは針状の形状は含まない
【0007】
上記「微小空隙」とは、基材表面と板状の水酸アパタイト結晶の表面により形成される空間を表す。即ち、基材表面に板状結晶が積み重なることや一部又は全部で連接すること等により形成される。特に本発明においてこの微小空隙は、板状の水酸アパタイト結晶が基材表面に対して、略直角方向に成長しやすく、複数の板状結晶が連接することによって、開口率の高い微少空間が形成される。従って、有底の穴状や、連通した透過孔状や、溝状等種々の形状を有する。更に、基材表面及び結晶の表面そのものが有底の穴状や、溝状等の形状を有するものであってもよく、基材及び結晶そのものが連通した透過孔を有してもよい。
上記「厚さ」は、0.03〜0.5μmであり、0.07〜0.5μmであると好ましく、0.1〜0.5μmであるとより好ましい。0.03μm未満であると、結晶の強度が小さくなり、破損しやすく、0.5μmより大きいと結晶間に形成される空隙が減少しウイルス及び細菌等を捕捉する性能が低下する。
【0009】
板状の水酸アパタイト結晶により構成される微小空隙は、柱状及び針状の結晶により構成される空隙に比べて、特に細菌等の比較的大きなものを捕捉するために十分な、広さ及び深さを確保できる点で優れる。また、比較的小さな悪臭成分等の分子を捕捉する際においても、より多くの吸着点を有することが好まし
【0010】
尚、上記の厚さが0.03〜0.5μmであることが好ましく、0.07〜0.5μmであることがより好ましく、特に0.1〜0.5μmであることが好ましい。
【0011】
また、上記水酸アパタイト皮膜の厚さは、第発明のように0.25〜30μmである。
上記「皮膜」の厚さは1〜25μm(より好ましくは、5〜20μm)が好ましい。皮膜の厚さが0.25μm未満であると、ウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等に対する捕捉効果が十分に得られず、また30μmを越えると皮膜が基材の表面から剥離し易くなる。
【0012】
上記「基材」としては、この基材に透過孔、穴及び溝等の凹凸を作り出す孔及び穴を有する基材であることを必要とする。このため、基材としては第発明のように、上記「織物、不織布、フェルト、編物、樹脂発泡体、多孔質フィルムまたは多孔質中空糸膜」が特に適する。織物、不織布、編物、フェルトとしては各種の天然繊維及び合成繊維からなるものを使用することができる。また樹脂発泡体としては、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン及びポリウレタン等からなるものを使用することができ、多孔質フィルム及び多孔質中空糸膜としては、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレン等の樹脂からなるものを使用することができる。これらの基材は、フィルタ材の目的、用途等に応じて適宜のものを選んで使用すればよい。
上記「基材表面」とは、上記基材が織物、不織布、フェルト及び編物等である場合はこれらを構成する繊維の表面であり、上記基材が樹脂発泡体、多孔質フィルム又は多孔質中空糸膜である場合は、各々の基材を構成する発泡体、フィルム又は中空糸膜等の表面であって、この表面は連通した透過孔及び有底の穴等の表面も含むものとする。
【0013】
また、これらの基材は親水性であることが好ましい。基材が疎水性である場合、本発明品を製造する際に浸漬する各水溶液と馴染みにくく、このため水酸アパタイト結晶の成長するサイトは不均一に存在することとなり、結晶は成長しにくい。従って疎水性の基材には親水基を導入すること及び基材の表面を予め粗面化しておくことが好ましい。
【0014】
発明の製造方法は、カルシウムイオンを含み、リン酸イオンを含まない第1水溶液に基材を浸漬した後、該第1水溶液から該基材を取り出して乾燥し、その後、この基材を、リン酸イオンを含み、カルシウムイオンを含まない、pH8以上の第2水溶液に浸漬して水酸アパタイトが成長するサイトを導入し、次いで、炭酸イオン濃度が0〜4mMであり、且つ実質的に飽和乃至過飽和濃度の水酸アパタイト成分を含む第3水溶液に浸漬し、上記基材の表面に板状の水酸アパタイト結晶を生成させることを特徴とする。
【0015】
発明において、第1水溶液は「リン酸イオン」を、第2水溶液は「カルシウムイオン」を含まない。リン酸イオンとカルシウムイオンを同時に含む場合は、リン酸カルシウム化合物が生成し、沈殿するため水酸アパアタイト結晶の生成に必要なリン酸イオン及びカルシウムイオンの濃度を水溶液中に保つことができない。
また、特に第3水溶液においては、炭酸イオンの濃度及び水溶液の液量を調整することで、結晶の大きさを制御することができる。即ち、炭酸イオンの濃度を低くすること、及び液量を増やすことにより、結晶性の高い、より大きな結晶を生成させることができる。
【0016】
更に、第2溶液のpHは「8以上」であり、好ましくは8.5以上、特に好ましくは9以上のアルカリ性領域に調整することが好ましい。これは、基材近傍をリン酸カルシウム化合物が析出しやすい塩基性にするためであり、このように調整することにより、基材の表面により多くの中性付近で析出するリン酸カルシウム化合物を析出させることができ、水酸アパタイト皮膜若しくはその前駆体が混在する皮膜を、より効率よく形成させることができる。
【0017】
また、上記第3水溶液はマグネシウムイオン及び硫酸イオンを含まない。
これは、マグネシウムイオンは、前述したように水酸アパタイト結晶の結晶性を低下させる作用があるためである。また、硫酸イオンは水酸アパタイト結晶の生成に何ら有効な作用を有さないため含有させる必要はない。従って、これら2種類のイオンを溶液に含有させる必要がないため、溶液の調製は容易になる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例によって本発明を詳しく説明する。
実施例1
純水に塩化カルシウムを50mMの濃度となるように溶解し、第1水溶液を調製した。この溶液に重量0.03gの100%セルロースの不織布(旭化成製ベンリーゼ、目付13.5g/m2、厚み0.05mm。以下、単に不織布とも表す。)を浸漬した。浸漬時間は60分とした。その後、この不織布を表面に水溶液が付着したまま60℃に調温された恒温槽に入れて乾燥させた。
乾燥後の不織布を、第2リン酸カリウムの濃度が50mMであり、pHが8.9になるように調整した第2水溶液に浸漬した。浸漬時間は60分とした。その後、不織布をこの水溶液から引き上げ、水で洗浄した後、60℃に調温された恒温槽に入れて乾燥させた。
乾燥後の不織布を、更に、表1に示す各イオン組成及び濃度であり、pHが7.4(塩酸とトリスヒドロキシアミノメタンを用いて調整)になるよう調整した第3溶液の500mlに浸漬した。浸漬時間は7日間とし、温度は恒温槽にて36.5℃に保持した。その後、不織布をこの水溶液から引き上げ、水で洗浄した後、60℃に調温された恒温槽に入れて乾燥させ、水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布を得た。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0004077115
【0020】
上記にて作製した水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布の走査型電子顕微鏡により10000倍にて撮影した写真(以下、SEM写真という。)を図1に示す。これによると、水酸アパタイト結晶の平面方向が不織布の繊維表面に対して、多くの結晶が20〜90゜の角度を持ち、生成しているため、水酸アパタイト皮膜の表面には多数の微小空隙が存在する。従って、ウィルス及び細菌等に対する吸着能も高いことが予測される。また、この結晶の厚さは約0.2μm、最大長さは1.5〜3.0μm、最小長さは1.0〜2.0μmであることが判った。
また、この不織布についてX線回折測定を行った。このX線チャートを図3に「実施例1」として示す。このチャートの水酸アパタイトを示すピークは鋭い立ち上がりを見せており、更に小さなピークもはっきりと確認できることから、上記水酸アパタイトの結晶性が高いことが判る。
【0021】
次いで、以下の方法によってウィルス吸着試験を行った。
表面に水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布を直径4.5cmの円状に切り取り、2枚を重ねてフィルタ材とし、A型インフルエンザウィルス浮遊液5mlを通過させる。フィルタ材通過後の液を生理食塩水によって2の累乗倍に希釈し、この希釈液0.4mlと同量の0.4%の鶏赤血球浮遊液を混合し、混合液が凝縮する最高の希釈倍数をウィルス力価としインフルエンザウィルスを吸着する性能を評価する。
フィルタ材を通過させないA型インフルエンザウィルス浮遊液をコントロールとして評価したところ、コントロールのウィルス力価が256であったのに対して、フィルタ材通過後の液のウィルス力価は32であった。このように本発明のフィルタ材を使用することにより88%のウィルスが除去されており、このフィルタ材は優れた吸着性能を有するものであることが判る。
【0022】
実施例2
実施例1と同様にして水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布を作製した。ただし、第3溶液は表2に示す各イオン組成及び濃度に調整した。
また、実施例1と同様にSEM写真より水酸アパタイトの結晶の厚さ及び平面方向の最大長さ及び最小長さを読みとった。これによると、厚さは約0.05μm、最大長さは0.5〜0.8μm、最小長さは0.4〜0.7μmであった。更に、実施例1と同様にして行ったウィルス吸着試験では、ウィルス力価が64であり、75%のウィルスを吸着した。
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0004077115
【0024】
実施例3
実施例1と同様にして水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布を作製した。ただし、第3溶液は表3に示す各イオン組成及び濃度に調整した。
また、実施例1と同様にSEM写真より水酸アパタイトの結晶の厚さ及び平面方向の最大長さ及び最小長さを読みとった。これによると、厚さは約0.1μm、最大長さは1.0〜1.5μm、最小長さは0.8〜1.2μmであった。
更に、実施例1と同様にして行ったウィルス吸着試験では、ウィルス力価が32であり、88%のウィルスを吸着した。
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 0004077115
【0026】
比較例1
実施例1と同様にして水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成した不織布を作製した。ただし、第3溶液は表4に示す各イオン組成及び濃度に調整した。
次に、実施例1と同様に撮影したSEM写真を図2に示す。この図2から判るように、実施例1と異なり、結晶は板状及び大きくは成長しておらず、鱗片状となっており、その大きさは概ね0.2μmであった。
更に、この不織布についてX線回折測定を行った。このX線チャートを図3に「比較例1」として示す。
図3より、実施例1におけるX線チャートと比較すると、deg/2θの値が35以上の領域では、水酸アパタイトを示すピークがはっきりと現れていないことから、比較例1における水酸アパタイト結晶の結晶性は実施例1と比較して、劣ることが判る。
また、実施例1と同様にして行ったウィルス吸着試験では、ウィルス力価が128であり、ウィルスは50%しか吸着されなかった。
【0027】
【表4】
Figure 0004077115
【0028】
比較例2
平均粒径1μmの水酸アパタイト粒子10gを、ポリビニルアルコールの水溶液100重量部に対して5重量部含有させたスラリーに、実施例1と同じセルロースの不織布を浸漬させた。その後、この不織布を表面にスラリーが付着したまま60℃に調温された恒温槽に入れて乾燥させた。この不織布について、実施例1と同様にしてウィルス吸着試験を行った。その結果、ウィルスの力価は256であり、ウィルスは全く吸着されなかった。
これは、水酸アパタイトの表面がポリビニルアルコールにより覆われたために、吸着能を失ったものと考えられる。
【0029】
上記実施例1〜3の結果より、炭酸イオンの濃度を下げると、生成する水酸アパタイト結晶は厚さ、最大長さ及び最小長さともに、大きくなり同時にウィルスに対する吸着能力も向上していることが判る。
また、比較例1の結果は、炭酸イオンの濃度が第発明の上限を越えて、高すぎ、且つマグネシウムイオンを含有していることから、水酸アパタイト結晶は小さい鱗片状の結晶となったこと、及びこの鱗片状の結晶は十分にウィルス等を吸着できないことを示している。
更に、比較例2の結果より、本発明品であり、本発明の製造法による基材の表面に直接水酸アパタイト結晶を生成させた実施例1〜3のフィルタ材と、水酸アパタイト結晶を別に生成させた後、結合材により基材に担持させたフィルタ材とを比較すると、前者のフィルタ材のインフルエンザウィルスに対する吸着能力は極めて高い。この結果からインフルエンザウィルスだけでなく、他のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等に対しても同様な効果が得られることが予測される。
【0030】
尚、本発明においては、上記の具体的実施例に記載されたものに限られず、目的、用途に応じて本発明の範囲内で種々変更した実施例とすることができる。即ち、第1乃至3水溶液の組成及び基材の種類等は本発明に実質的に影響を及ぼさない範囲で変更することができる。また、前記硫酸イオン及びマグネシウムイオンは、不可避不純物程度に含まれても良い。更に、捕捉するウィルスは、インフルエンザウィルスだけでなく、他のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等であっても良く、また、液体中ばかりでなく、気体中にて捕捉させることもできる。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本第1発明のフィルタ材は、比較的大きな板状の水酸アパタイト結晶からなる水酸アパタイト皮膜が形成されたフィルタ材であり、このフィルタ材は、気体及び液体中のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分等を捕捉する能力に優れる。また、本第発明によれば、第1発明のフィルタ材を容易に製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1において作製したフィルタ材の水酸アパタイトの皮膜が形成された側を走査型電子顕微鏡により10000倍にて撮影した写真である。
【図2】比較例1において作製したフィルタ材の水酸アパタイトの皮膜が形成された側を走査型電子顕微鏡により10000倍にて撮影した写真である。
【図3】実施例1及び比較例1において作製したフィルタ材のX線回折チャートである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a filter material and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a filter material that captures viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells, malodorous components, and the like in gas or liquid, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For a long time, porous materials such as activated carbon, zeolite, and clay have been known as filters for capturing solid substances, and activated carbon and zeolite have been used as materials that adsorb specific gases. In addition, a calcium phosphate filter (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-235752) that utilizes the property that calcium phosphate compounds such as hydroxyapatite adsorb viruses, bacteria, malodorous components, and the like is already known. Further, a filter material (JP-A-3-207414, JP-A-6-106010) in which calcium phosphate particles are supported on the surface of an organic polymer base material such as fiber and paper, and the like A mask (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-115572) is known. Furthermore, what mixed fiber pulp and calcium-phosphate type particle | grains beforehand, made paper, and was set as the composite filter is known.
However, these calcium phosphate particles supported on a polymer substrate or a composite filter made of paper have not been able to exhibit their original adsorption characteristics because the calcium phosphate particles are coated with a binder.
[0003]
In addition, a filter material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-099622) that mimics the bone formation reaction in a living body and is coated with a hydroxyapatite film on the surface of a base material without using a binder is disclosed. Since the hydroxyapatite crystal is fine, it may not be able to exhibit sufficient adsorption capacity for viruses and the like.
Conventionally, when calcium phosphate crystals are precipitated, many methods have been used that mimic bone formation reactions in vivo and use simulated body fluids that resemble human body fluid component compositions. However, when magnesium apatite crystals, such as magnesium ions contained in the simulated body fluid, are incorporated as impurities when the hydroxyapatite crystals are formed, the crystallinity is lowered, and only scaly small crystals can be obtained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is a filter material in which a film made of a relatively large plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal grown on a specific condition is formed on the surface of a substrate, and includes bacteria, viruses, animal and plant cells, malodorous components, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a filter material that exhibits a high adsorptive capacity and a method for producing the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The filter material of the first invention is obtained by immersing a base material in a first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and not containing phosphate ions, and then taking out the base material from the first aqueous solution and drying it. A site containing phosphate ions and not containing calcium ions and immersed in a second aqueous solution having a pH of 8 or more is introduced to grow hydroxyapatite. Next, magnesium ions and sulfate ions are not contained, and the carbonate ion concentration is 0 to 0. A plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal having a thickness of 0.03 to 0.5 μm is immersed in a third aqueous solution containing 4 mM of a hydroxyapatite component having a saturated or supersaturated concentration. Is produced by forming a hydroxyapatite film on the surface of the substrate, and is used to capture viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells and malodorous components in gas or liquid. A filter material, the hydroxyapatite coating, and the plate-like hydroxyapatite crystals, of the surface and the surface of the plurality of water hydroxyapatite crystals of the substrate, the surface of at least the water hydroxyapatite crystals It is characterized by being composed of a large number of formed microvoids.
[0006]
The “film” means that the plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal is coated on the surface of the substrate by being stacked and connected to the surface of the substrate. That is, this film is composed of microscopic voids and plate crystals formed by bringing the substrate surface and the plane and curved surface forming the plate crystals close to or in contact with each other at all angles.
The above "plate" does not include the columnar or needle-like shape.
[0007]
The above-mentioned “micro void” represents a space formed by the surface of the base material and the surface of the plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal. That is, it is formed by stacking plate-like crystals on the surface of the base material or connecting them partially or entirely. In particular, in the present invention, the microvoids are such that the plate-like hydroxyapatite crystals are likely to grow in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface, and a plurality of plate-like crystals are connected to form a minute space with a high aperture ratio. It is formed. Accordingly, it has various shapes such as a bottomed hole shape, a communicating through hole shape, and a groove shape. Furthermore, the base material surface and the crystal surface itself may have a bottomed hole shape, a groove shape, or the like, or may have a transmission hole in which the base material and the crystal itself communicate.
The “thickness” is 0.03 to 0.5 μm, preferably 0.07 to 0.5 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm. When the thickness is less than 0.03 μm, the strength of the crystal is reduced and is easily damaged. When it is more than 0.5 μm, voids formed between the crystals are reduced and the ability to capture viruses, bacteria, and the like is deteriorated.
[0009]
The microscopic voids composed of plate-like hydroxyapatite crystals are wide and deep enough to capture relatively large substances such as bacteria, compared to the voids composed of columnar and needle-like crystals. It is excellent in that it can be secured. Further, even when the capturing molecules of relatively small malodorous components like, have preferred to have more adsorption sites.
[0010]
In addition, it is preferable that said thickness is 0.03-0.5 micrometer, It is more preferable that it is 0.07-0.5 micrometer, It is especially preferable that it is 0.1-0.5 micrometer.
[0011]
The thickness of the hydroxyapatite film is 0.25 to 30 μm as in the second invention.
The thickness of the “film” is preferably 1 to 25 μm (more preferably 5 to 20 μm). When the thickness of the film is less than 0.25 μm, a sufficient capturing effect for viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells, malodorous components and the like cannot be obtained, and when the thickness exceeds 30 μm, the film easily peels from the surface of the substrate.
[0012]
The “base material” needs to be a base material having holes and holes for creating irregularities such as transmission holes, holes and grooves in the base material. Therefore, as in the third invention as the base material, the "woven, nonwoven, felt, knitted fabric, a resin foam, a porous film or a porous hollow fiber membrane" it is particularly suitable. As the woven fabric, non-woven fabric, knitted fabric, and felt, those made of various natural fibers and synthetic fibers can be used. Moreover, as a resin foam, what consists of polyolefin, a polystyrene, a polyurethane, etc. can be used, and what consists of resin, such as polyethylene and a polypropylene, can be used as a porous film and a porous hollow fiber membrane. . These base materials may be selected and used as appropriate according to the purpose and application of the filter material.
The “substrate surface” is the surface of the fibers constituting the substrate when the substrate is a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, felt, knitted fabric, etc., and the substrate is a resin foam, porous film or porous hollow In the case of a thread membrane, it is a surface of a foam, a film, a hollow fiber membrane or the like constituting each base material, and this surface also includes surfaces such as a permeable hole and a hole with a bottom.
[0013]
Moreover, it is preferable that these base materials are hydrophilic. When the substrate is hydrophobic, it is difficult to adapt to each aqueous solution immersed in manufacturing the product of the present invention. Therefore, the sites where hydroxyapatite crystals grow are unevenly present, and the crystals are difficult to grow. Therefore, it is preferable to introduce a hydrophilic group into the hydrophobic substrate and to roughen the surface of the substrate in advance.
[0014]
In the manufacturing method of the fourth invention, after immersing the base material in the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and not containing phosphate ions, the base material is taken out from the first aqueous solution and dried. A site containing phosphate ions, no calcium ions, and immersed in a second aqueous solution having a pH of 8 or more, where hydroxyapatite grows, and then the carbonate ion concentration is 0 to 4 mM, and substantially It is immersed in a third aqueous solution containing a saturated or supersaturated hydroxyapatite component to form plate-like hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface of the substrate.
[0015]
In the fourth invention, the first aqueous solution does not contain “phosphate ions”, and the second aqueous solution does not contain “calcium ions”. In the case where phosphate ions and calcium ions are contained at the same time, a calcium phosphate compound is formed and precipitated, so that the concentrations of phosphate ions and calcium ions necessary for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals cannot be maintained in the aqueous solution.
In particular, in the third aqueous solution, the crystal size can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of carbonate ions and the amount of the aqueous solution. That is, by reducing the concentration of carbonate ions and increasing the liquid volume, larger crystals with higher crystallinity can be generated.
[0016]
Furthermore, the pH of the second solution is “8 or higher”, preferably 8.5 or higher, particularly preferably 9 or higher. This is to make the vicinity of the substrate basic so that the calcium phosphate compound is easily precipitated, and by adjusting in this way, it is possible to precipitate more calcium phosphate compounds that are deposited near the surface of the substrate. Further, a hydroxyapatite film or a film in which a precursor thereof is mixed can be formed more efficiently.
[0017]
The third aqueous solution does not contain magnesium ions and sulfate ions.
This magnesium ion is because of the effect of lowering the crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite crystals, as described above. In addition, sulfate ions do not need to be contained because they have no effective action on the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Therefore, since it is not necessary to contain these two types of ions in the solution, the preparation of the solution becomes easy.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
Example 1
A first aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving calcium chloride in pure water to a concentration of 50 mM. In this solution, 0.03 g of a 100% cellulose non-woven fabric (Asahi Kasei Benrise, basis weight 13.5 g / m 2 , thickness 0.05 mm, hereinafter also referred to simply as non-woven fabric) was immersed. The immersion time was 60 minutes. Then, this nonwoven fabric was dried in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 60 ° C. with the aqueous solution attached to the surface.
The non-woven fabric after drying was immersed in a second aqueous solution in which the concentration of second potassium phosphate was 50 mM and the pH was adjusted to 8.9. The immersion time was 60 minutes. Thereafter, the nonwoven fabric was pulled up from this aqueous solution, washed with water, and then placed in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 60 ° C. and dried.
The dried non-woven fabric was further immersed in 500 ml of a third solution having the ionic composition and concentration shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 7.4 (adjusted using hydrochloric acid and trishydroxyaminomethane). . The immersion time was 7 days, and the temperature was maintained at 36.5 ° C. in a thermostatic bath. Thereafter, the nonwoven fabric was pulled up from this aqueous solution, washed with water, and then placed in a thermostatic bath adjusted to 60 ° C. to dry, thereby obtaining a nonwoven fabric on which a hydroxyapatite film was formed.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004077115
[0020]
The photograph (henceforth a SEM photograph) image | photographed by 10,000 times with the scanning electron microscope of the nonwoven fabric in which the film | membrane of the hydroxyapatite produced above was formed is shown in FIG. According to this, since the plane direction of the hydroxyapatite crystal is formed at an angle of 20 to 90 ° with respect to the fiber surface of the nonwoven fabric, many fine particles are formed on the surface of the hydroxyapatite film. There are voids. Therefore, it is predicted that the adsorptive capacity for viruses and bacteria is also high. It was also found that the thickness of this crystal was about 0.2 μm, the maximum length was 1.5 to 3.0 μm, and the minimum length was 1.0 to 2.0 μm.
Moreover, the X-ray-diffraction measurement was performed about this nonwoven fabric. This X-ray chart is shown as "Example 1" in FIG. The peak of hydroxyapatite in this chart shows a sharp rise, and even a smaller peak can be clearly confirmed, indicating that the hydroxyapatite has high crystallinity.
[0021]
Next, a virus adsorption test was performed by the following method.
A non-woven fabric having a hydroxyapatite film formed on the surface is cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 4.5 cm, and two sheets are stacked to form a filter material, and 5 ml of influenza A virus suspension is passed through. The solution after passing through the filter material is diluted to a power of 2 with physiological saline, and 0.4% chicken erythrocyte suspension equal to 0.4 ml of this diluted solution is mixed. Evaluate the ability to absorb influenza virus with multiple of the virus titer.
When the influenza A virus suspension that did not pass through the filter material was evaluated as a control, the virus titer of the control was 256, whereas the virus titer of the solution after passing through the filter material was 32. Thus, 88% of viruses have been removed by using the filter material of the present invention, and it can be seen that this filter material has excellent adsorption performance.
[0022]
Example 2
A nonwoven fabric in which a hydroxyapatite film was formed was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the third solution was adjusted to each ion composition and concentration shown in Table 2.
Similarly to Example 1, the thickness of the hydroxyapatite crystal and the maximum length and the minimum length in the plane direction were read from the SEM photograph. According to this, the thickness was about 0.05 μm, the maximum length was 0.5 to 0.8 μm, and the minimum length was 0.4 to 0.7 μm. Furthermore, in the virus adsorption test conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the virus titer was 64 and 75% of the virus was adsorbed.
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004077115
[0024]
Example 3
A nonwoven fabric in which a hydroxyapatite film was formed was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the third solution was adjusted to each ion composition and concentration shown in Table 3.
Similarly to Example 1, the thickness of the hydroxyapatite crystal and the maximum length and the minimum length in the plane direction were read from the SEM photograph. According to this, the thickness was about 0.1 μm, the maximum length was 1.0 to 1.5 μm, and the minimum length was 0.8 to 1.2 μm.
Furthermore, in the virus adsorption test conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the virus titer was 32 and 88% of the virus was adsorbed.
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004077115
[0026]
Comparative Example 1
A nonwoven fabric in which a hydroxyapatite film was formed was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the third solution was adjusted to each ion composition and concentration shown in Table 4.
Next, the SEM photograph image | photographed similarly to Example 1 is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 2, unlike Example 1, the crystals were not plate-like or large, but were scale-like, and the size was approximately 0.2 μm.
Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction measurement was performed about this nonwoven fabric. This X-ray chart is shown as “Comparative Example 1” in FIG.
From FIG. 3, when compared with the X-ray chart in Example 1, in the region where the value of deg / 2θ is 35 or more, the peak indicating hydroxyapatite does not appear clearly, so the hydroxyapatite crystal in Comparative Example 1 It can be seen that the crystallinity of is inferior to that of Example 1.
In the virus adsorption test conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the virus titer was 128, and only 50% of the virus was adsorbed.
[0027]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004077115
[0028]
Comparative Example 2
The same cellulose nonwoven fabric as in Example 1 was immersed in a slurry containing 10 g of hydroxyapatite particles having an average particle diameter of 1 μm in an amount of 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. Then, this nonwoven fabric was dried by putting it in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 60 ° C. with the slurry adhering to the surface. About this nonwoven fabric, the virus adsorption test was done like Example 1. FIG. As a result, the virus titer was 256 and no virus was adsorbed.
This is probably because the surface of the hydroxyapatite was covered with polyvinyl alcohol, so that the adsorption ability was lost.
[0029]
From the results of Examples 1 to 3 above, when the carbonate ion concentration is lowered, the hydroxyapatite crystals that are produced increase in thickness, maximum length, and minimum length, and at the same time, the ability to adsorb viruses is also improved. I understand.
Moreover, the result of Comparative Example 1 shows that the concentration of carbonate ions exceeded the upper limit of the fourth invention, was too high, and contained magnesium ions, so that the hydroxyapatite crystals became small scaly crystals. This indicates that the scaly crystals cannot sufficiently adsorb viruses and the like.
Further, from the results of Comparative Example 2, the filter material of Examples 1 to 3, which was a product of the present invention and produced hydroxyapatite crystals directly on the surface of the substrate by the production method of the present invention, and the hydroxyapatite crystals were obtained. When the filter material is produced separately and then compared with the filter material supported on the base material by the binder, the former filter material has an extremely high ability to adsorb influenza virus. From this result, it is predicted that similar effects can be obtained not only for influenza virus but also for other viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells, malodorous components, and the like.
[0030]
The present invention is not limited to those described in the above specific embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention depending on the purpose and application. That is, the composition of the first to third aqueous solutions and the type of the substrate can be changed within a range that does not substantially affect the present invention. Moreover, the said sulfate ion and magnesium ion may be contained to the extent of an unavoidable impurity. Furthermore, the virus to be captured is not limited to influenza virus, but may be other viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells, malodorous components, and the like, and can be captured not only in liquid but also in gas.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The filter material according to the first aspect of the present invention is a filter material on which a hydroxyapatite film made of a relatively large plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal is formed. This filter material comprises viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells in gas and liquid. And the ability to capture malodorous components and the like is excellent. Moreover, according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the filter material of the first aspect of the invention can be easily manufactured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a photograph taken at 10,000 times with a scanning electron microscope on the side of a filter material produced in Example 1 on which a hydroxyapatite film is formed.
2 is a photograph of the filter material prepared in Comparative Example 1 on the side on which a hydroxyapatite film is formed, taken at a magnification of 10,000 with a scanning electron microscope. FIG.
3 is an X-ray diffraction chart of filter materials produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. FIG.

Claims (4)

カルシウムイオンを含み、リン酸イオンを含まない第1水溶液に基材を浸漬した後、該第1水溶液から該基材を取り出して乾燥し、その後、この基材をリン酸イオンを含み、カルシウムイオンを含まない、pH8以上の第2水溶液に浸漬して水酸アパタイトが成長するサイトを導入し、次いで、マグネシウムイオン及び硫酸イオンを含まず、炭酸イオン濃度が0〜4mMであり、実質的に飽和乃至過飽和濃度の水酸アパタイト成分を含有する第3水溶液に浸漬し、上記基材の表面に厚さ0.03〜0.5μmの板状の水酸アパタイト結晶を生成させることにより、上記基材の表面に水酸アパタイト被膜を形成して得られ、且つ、気体或いは液体中のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分を捕捉するためのフィルタ材であって、
上記水酸アパタイト皮膜は、上記板状の水酸アパタイト結晶と、上記基材の表面及び複数の該水酸アパタイト結晶の表面のうち、少なくとも該水酸アパタイト結晶の表面により形成される多数の微小空隙とにより構成されていることを特徴とするフィルタ材。
After immersing the base material in the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and not containing phosphate ions, the base material is taken out from the first aqueous solution and dried, and then the base material contains phosphate ions and calcium ions. Incorporated into a second aqueous solution of pH 8 or higher, which does not contain water, introduces sites where hydroxyapatite grows, and then does not contain magnesium ions and sulfate ions, and the carbonate ion concentration is 0 to 4 mM, substantially saturated. The substrate is immersed in a third aqueous solution containing a hydroxyapatite component having a supersaturated concentration to form a plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal having a thickness of 0.03 to 0.5 μm on the surface of the substrate. A filter material for capturing viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells and malodorous components in a gas or liquid obtained by forming a hydroxyapatite film on the surface of
The hydroxyapatite coating, and the plate-like hydroxyapatite crystals, of the surface and the surface of the plurality of water hydroxyapatite crystals of the substrate, a large number of micro-formed by the surface of at least the water hydroxyapatite crystals A filter material comprising a gap.
上記水酸アパタイト皮膜の厚さが0.25〜30μmである請求項1記載のフィルタ材。  The filter material according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyapatite film has a thickness of 0.25 to 30 μm. 上記基材が織物、不織布、フェルト、編物、樹脂発泡体、多孔質フィルム又は多孔質中空糸膜である請求項1又は2に記載のフィルタ材。The filter material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the substrate is a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a felt, a knitted fabric, a resin foam, a porous film, or a porous hollow fiber membrane. 気体或いは液体中のウィルス、細菌、動植物細胞及び悪臭成分を捕捉するためのフィルタ材の製造方法であって、
カルシウムイオンを含み、リン酸イオンを含まない第1水溶液に基材を浸漬した後、該第1水溶液から該基材を取り出して乾燥し、その後、この基材をリン酸イオンを含み、カルシウムイオンを含まない、pH8以上の第2水溶液に浸漬して水酸アパタイトが成長するサイトを導入し、次いで、マグネシウムイオン及び硫酸イオンを含まず、炭酸イオン濃度が0〜4mMであり、且つ実質的に飽和乃至過飽和濃度の水酸アパタイト成分を含有する第3水溶液に浸漬し、上記基材の表面に厚さ0.03〜0.5μmの板状の水酸アパタイト結晶を生成させることを特徴とするフィルタ材の製造方法。
A method for producing a filter material for capturing viruses, bacteria, animal and plant cells and malodorous components in a gas or liquid,
After immersing the base material in the first aqueous solution containing calcium ions and not containing phosphate ions, the base material is taken out from the first aqueous solution and dried, and then the base material contains phosphate ions and calcium ions. And a site where hydroxyapatite grows by immersing in a second aqueous solution having a pH of 8 or higher, not containing magnesium , and then containing no magnesium ions and sulfate ions, having a carbonate ion concentration of 0 to 4 mM, and substantially It is immersed in a third aqueous solution containing a saturated or supersaturated hydroxyapatite component to produce a plate-like hydroxyapatite crystal having a thickness of 0.03 to 0.5 μm on the surface of the substrate. Manufacturing method of filter material.
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