JP4094290B2 - Operation monitoring method, apparatus, computer program, and computer-readable storage medium in blast furnace operation - Google Patents

Description

【００５２】
このとき、圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム、すなわち大きさは、下記の数２の式（１２）により表される。
【００５３】
【数２】

【００５４】
また、圧力変化率ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)の偏角は、下記の数３の式（１３）により表される。
【００５５】
【数３】

【００５６】
なお、式（１１）、式（１２）、式（１３）は、図５を例に炉周方向（i）と炉高方向（j）の２次元平面において展開した圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)について定式化した例を示したものであるが、２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面上に展開した３次元空間における圧力の空間的勾配ベクトルについても、同じ手法の定式化及び本発明が示す高炉操業における操業監視方法が可能である。
【００５７】
再び温度データを例に、勾配算出部６における２）時間的勾配の算出方法の例を示す。
【００５８】
図７は、画素位置(i,j)における温度データの時間推移を示したものである。図７では、時間ｔを離散化し、離散化時間ｋのときの画素位置(i,j)における温度Ｔ(i,j,k)の時間的勾配（温度の時間的変化率、温度の時間的変化量）ΔＴ_t(i,j,k)を、現在の温度データから時間変化基準量を差し引いたものを基準時間（m×Δｔ）で除したもの、すなわち、下記の数４の式（１４）で算出する。ここで、n、mは、設定パラメータで、それぞれ、ｎは時間変化基準評価データ数、mは時間的勾配の基準時間数である。Δｔはサンプリング周期Δｔである。また、ω(i,j,k-m×l)は時間変化基準量を算出にあたって過去の温度データの影響度を考慮する重み係数で、任意に設定することができる。
【００５９】
【数４】

【００６０】
ここで、前記設定パラメータの使用例について説明する。例えば、n=1、m=1、ω(i,j,k-1×1)=1と設定すれば、式（１４）は、下記の数５の式（１５）に示すようになり、現在の温度データとΔｔ時間前の温度データとの時間的勾配が算出できる。
【００６１】
【数５】

【００６２】
また、例えば、ω(i,j,k-m×l)=1(=const.)と設定すれば、式（１４）の右辺の[]内第２項で算出する時間変化基準量は、時間区間（ｎ×ｍ×Δｔ）における温度データ相加平均値となり、式（１４）は、現在の温度データと時間区間（ｎ×ｍ×Δｔ）における温度データ相加平均値との時間的勾配が算出できる。
【００６３】
さらに、例えば、ω(i,j,k-m×l)=ρ^{(k-m × l)}、ただし、ρ＞1とすると、上記の式（１４）は、下記の数６の式（１６）となり、式（１６）の右辺の[]内第２項で算出する時間変化基準量は、時間区間（ｎ×ｍ×Δｔ）における温度データの忘却係数型重み平均値となり、式（１６）は、現在の温度データと時間区間（ｎ×ｍ×Δｔ）における温度データの忘却係数型重み平均値との時間的勾配を算出する。ここで、ρは、忘却の強さを定義するパラメータ、すなわち忘却係数と呼び、任意に設定できる。
【００６４】
【数６】

【００６５】
ここでは、温度の時間的勾配（時間的変化率、時間的変化量）の算出方法として、式（１４）、式（１５）、式（１６）の３つを例示し説明したが、本発明においては他の重み係数の与え方や時間的勾配の定義を用いても構わない。
【００６６】
（７．図形及びベクトル特徴情報算出部）
（８．操業監視部）
（９．図形及びベクトル情報推移算出部）
図形及びベクトル特徴情報算出部７において、等値線算出部５で算出したコンタ図形に対する画像処理を、また勾配算出部６で算出したベクトルに対して数学的演算を行い、図形及びベクトル特徴情報として、式（１２）、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||及び偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)を算出し、該算出結果の、前記２次元平面又は２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面上における等値線が形成するコンタ図形又は図形の特徴情報を、本発明が示す以下の方法によって評価することによって、高炉の融着帯根部相当位置を推定し、可視化できることを説明する。
【００６７】
図８は、高炉操業時のおける、代表的な炉壁近傍の融着帯根部の状態を示す図である。図８の（a）、（b）は共に、横軸が炉壁を原点とする高炉半径、縦軸が高炉の高さを示している。
【００６８】
以下に、まず、高炉操業の概要と炉壁近傍の融着帯根部の関係を説明する。高炉は、鉄鉱石中の酸化鉄を還元・溶解し、炭素を多く含む銑鉄を製造するための移動層型の反応器である。原料である鉄鉱石（Ore）と主燃料となるコークス（Coke）が炉上部の炉口から交互に供給され、炉内で層状の充填層を形成する。
【００６９】
炉下部の炉壁には、羽口（Tuyere）と呼ばれるノズルが炉周方向に数十本配置されており、ここから衝風と補助燃料を炉内に導入する。羽口の前部には、高圧・高速で吹き込まれた衝風により充填層が排除されたレースウエイ（Raceway）が形成され、内部でコークス粒子が循環運動をしつつ燃焼し、炉内に熱と一酸化炭素を供給する。一酸化炭素は酸化鉄を還元する主還元剤であり、発生した燃焼熱は炉内を流通する還元ガスによって炉上部に運搬され、鉄鉱石の昇温、還元及び溶解のための熱源となる。
【００７０】
高炉内の装入物の存在領域を、その装入物の状態によって炉頂から炉底にかけて大きく３分類するとき、各存在領域をそれぞれ炉頂から順に、１．塊状帯、２．融着帯、３．滴下帯と呼ぶ。
【００７１】
高炉上部の塊状帯１では、炉内における原燃料の消費に伴って炉頂から供給された鉄鉱石が降下し、その間に昇温及び還元ガスによる還元が進行する。
【００７２】
高炉中部の炉腹部で融点に達した鉄鉱石粒子は軟化・融着を生じて融着帯（Cohesive Zone）２を形成し、この領域で溶鉄及び溶融スラグが生成する。融着帯の鉄鉱石層（図８中のハッチング部）では軟化した鉄鉱石粒子同士が融着して空隙率が低下するため、還元ガスの通気性の低い透過性領域となる。
【００７３】
したがって、融着帯断面内では、図８に示すように還元ガスの通気性の低い鉄鉱石層と、還元ガスの通気性が高いコークス層（図８中の白地部、コークススリット）が交互に並んだ構造となり、高炉解体調査結果、炉腹ゾンデ（Belly Probe）及び羽口ゾンデ（Core Probe）による観察結果等から従来までにその構造の存在が確認されている。
【００７４】
融着帯２より下部の滴下帯３では、融着帯で発生した液体がコークス充填層中を流下しており、このうち溶銑が炉床に溜まり、炉底部の出銑口から高炉外部へ排出される。
【００７５】
このとき、融着帯２は、滴下帯３から塊状帯へ流通する還元ガスの分配機能を持ち、高炉操業において重要な特性である“鉄鉱石の還元性”及び“通気性”に大きな影響を与えることがわかっており、その形成特性（形状、形成位置、通気性）、なかでも炉壁近傍の融着帯根部（Root of Cohesive Zone）の形成特性（形状、形成位置、通気性）を推定し、可視化することが操業監視上重要である。
【００７６】
融着帯内部の層構造は前記ゾンデの観察結果等から、操業状態によってコークススリット層の厚さや空洞長さが大きく変化するとともに、各層の傾斜角度が大きく変化することがわかっている。さらに、図８に白抜きの矢印で示すように操業状態によって、その根部の位置や厚みが変化する。
【００７７】
図８の（a）は炉芯（Dead man）温度が低く、いわゆるW字型の融着帯形状を示している場合、（b）は炉芯温度が高く、いわゆる逆V字型の融着帯形状を示している場合である。
【００７８】
図８の（a）の炉芯温度低下は、融着帯の"垂れ下がり部"がレースウエイの奥に近づいたことが要因の一つであり、その結果、羽口からの導入される衝風の炉芯方向への透過が悪化し、衝風の一部が炉壁方向に分流して炉壁に沿って上昇する（図中矢印▲１▼）ことにより融着帯根部相当位置が高炉上部へ上昇している場合である。
【００７９】
このとき、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲２▼）は、コークススリットの不良形状からその通気性が悪化しつつ合流して炉壁にぶつかり、炉壁に沿って上昇する流れ（図中矢印▲３▼）となる。このとき炉壁にぶつかったあと炉壁に沿って高炉下部に下降する流れ（図中矢印▲４▼）が一部存在する。
【００８０】
したがって、図８（a）に示す如く融着帯根部の上部は、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲２▼）が合流することによってガス流量（図中矢印▲３▼）が周囲より増大しており、ガス流量の大小と対応のある、式（１２）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||で評価すると、予め指定しておく設定値よりも大きい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯上部相当位置と推定することができる。
【００８１】
一方、図８（a）に示す如く融着帯根部の下部は、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲２▼）の一部が炉壁にぶつかったあと炉壁に沿って高炉下部に下降し（図中矢印▲４▼）、炉壁に沿って高炉下部から上昇する流れ（図中矢印▲１▼）と相対して合流することから、合流後の実効的なガス流量が周囲より減少しており、ガス流量の大小と対応のある、式（１２）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||で評価すると、予め指定しておく別の設定値よりも小さい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯下部相当位置と推定することができる。
【００８２】
また、図８（a）に示す如く融着帯根部の下部は、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲２▼）の一部が炉壁にぶつかったあと炉壁に沿って高炉下部に下降し（図中矢印▲４▼）、炉壁に沿って高炉下部から上昇する流れ（図中矢印▲１▼）と、正確に相対して合流するわけではないことから、合流後のガス流れの方向が炉周方向に傾いてしまう結果となり、ガス流れの炉周方向への傾きの大小と対応のある、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∠∂P^→(i,j,k)|の炉高方向（ｈ軸方向）を基軸に右回りを正として定義した偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)の絶対値|∠∂P^→(i,j,k)|で評価すると、予め指定しておく設定値よりも大きな値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯下部相当位置と推定することができる。
【００８３】
さらに、図８（a）に示す如く融着帯根部の下部は、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲２▼）の一部が炉壁にぶつかったあと炉壁に沿ってある温度の還元ガス流れとして高炉下部に下降し（図中矢印▲４▼）、一方、炉壁に沿って高炉下部から上昇する別の温度の還元ガス流れ（図中矢印▲１▼）と相対して合流し、逐次、その合流状態が変化することから、合流後の還元ガス温度が逐次大きく変化しており、その変化量の大小と対応のある、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)の絶対値|ΔTt(i,j,k)|で評価すると、予め指定しておく設定値よりも大きな値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯下部相当位置と推定することができる。
【００８４】
一方、図８の（b）は炉芯温度が高く、融着帯の"垂れ下がり部"がレースウエイから十分に離れているため、その結果、羽口から導入される衝風の炉芯方向への透過（図中矢印▲５▼）が支配的となる場合である。
【００８５】
このとき、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲６▼）は、コークススリットの通気性が良好に保たれ有効に機能することから図８の（a）の場合と比較してより適正に分配され、かつ炉壁にぶつかったあとも炉壁に沿って高炉上部へ上昇する流れ（図中矢印▲７▼）が支配的となる。
【００８６】
このとき、図８の（b）に示す如く、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲６▼）は、コークススリットの通気性が良好に保たれ有効に機能することから適正に分配されて、融着帯根部の上部は、下部と較べてより多くの還元ガスが合流しており、その結果、融着帯根部の上部の方が下部より実効的なガス流量が大きい。
【００８７】
したがって、図８の（b）の場合においても、図８の（a）の場合と同様に、融着帯根部の上部は、炉芯部から炉壁方向へ融着帯内部のコークススリットを通過して分配される還元ガス（図中矢印▲６▼）が合流することによってガス流量（図中矢印▲７▼）が融着帯根部の下部（図中矢印▲８▼）より増大しており、ガス流量の大小と対応のある圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||で評価すると、予め指定しておく設定値よりも大きい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯上部相当位置と、また、予め指定しておく別の設定値よりも小さい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域を融着帯下部相当位置と推定することができる。
【００８８】
これまでに、高炉操業時のおける代表的な炉壁近傍の融着帯根部状態の２例である図８の（a）、（ｂ）の場合を用いて、式（１２）、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||、偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)を算出し、該算出結果の、前記２次元平面又は２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面上における等値線が形成するコンタ図形又は図形の特徴情報によって、高炉の融着帯根部の上部相当位置、下部相当位置が推定できることを説明した。
【００８９】
さらに、以下において、前記の手法によって得られたコンタ図形又は図形の特徴情報を組み合わせて演算し、該演算結果から得られる図形の特徴情報を用いて、融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置および下端位置を推定し、可視化する手法を説明する。
【００９０】
図９は、融着帯根部の上部相当位置を、式（１２）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||で評価し、予め指定しておく設定値（例えば、０．００４）よりも大きい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域として推定し、該コンタ図形領域を黒地のハッチング領域として、横軸に炉周方向、縦軸に炉高方向をとった２次元平面に展開した例において示したものである。
【００９１】
また、図９は、融着帯根部の下部相当位置を、式（１２）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||で評価し、予め指定しておく設定値（例えば、０．０００５）よりも小さい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域として推定し、該コンタ図形領域を白地のハッチング領域として示したものである。
【００９２】
なお、ここで用いた予め指定しておく設定値はある値で正規化した値であり、単位は無次元である。
【００９３】
図９において、融着帯根部の上部相当位置に対応する複数の黒地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に上に位置する等値線を用いて、図９にU1で示す実曲線を融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置と推定し、可視化することができる。
【００９４】
また、図９において、融着帯根部の下部相当位置に対応する複数の白地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に下に位置する等値線を用いて、図９にL1で示す実曲線を融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置と推定し、可視化することができる。
【００９５】
図１０は、融着帯根部の下部相当位置を、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)の偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)の絶対値|∠∂P^→(i,j,k)|で評価し、予め指定しておく設定値（例えば、１２０°）よりも大きい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域として推定し、該コンタ図形領域を黒地のハッチング領域として、横軸に炉周方向、縦軸に炉高方向をとった２次元平面に展開した例において示したものである。
【００９６】
図１０において、融着帯根部の下部相当位置に対応する複数の黒地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に上に位置する等値線を用いて、図１０にU２で示す実曲線を融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置と推定し、可視化することができる。
【００９７】
また、図１０において、融着帯根部の下部相当位置に対応する複数の黒地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に下に位置する等値線を用いて、図１０にL２で示す実曲線を融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置と推定し、可視化することができる。
【００９８】
なお、図１０において、図９で示した融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置推定曲線U1、下端位置推定曲線L１を破線であわせて示した。
【００９９】
図１１は、融着帯根部の下部相当位置を、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)の絶対値|ΔTt(i,j,k)|で評価し、予め指定しておく設定値（例えば、２．０）よりも大きい値の等値線で選択されるコンタ図形領域として推定し、該コンタ図形領域のうち、ΔTt(i,j,k)＞０の領域を黒地のハッチング領域として、ΔTt(i,j,k)＜０の領域を白地のハッチング領域として、横軸に炉周方向、縦軸に炉高方向をとった２次元平面に展開した例において示したものである。
【０１００】
図１１において、融着帯根部の下部相当位置に対応する複数の黒地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に上に位置する等値線と、複数の白地のハッチング領域の図形の特徴情報、すなわち該ハッチング領域より炉高方向に下に位置する等値線を、該ハッチング領域の重心位置及び面積情報を重み係数として平均化して算出することにより、黒地ハッチング領域と白地ハッチング領域の間を通る、図１１にL3で示す実曲線を融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置と推定し、可視化することができる。
【０１０１】
なお、図１１において、図９で示した融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置推定曲線U1、下端位置推定曲線L１を短い破線で、図１０で示した融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置推定曲線U２、下端位置推定曲線L2を長い破線であわせて示した。
【０１０２】
さらに、図１２を用いて、式（１２）、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||、偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)を算出し、該算出結果を組み合わせて演算し、該演算結果と前記２次元平面又は２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面に配置して形成される図形又は図形の特徴情報によって、融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置、下端位置を推定し、可視化する手法を説明する。
【０１０３】
図１２は、図９で例示した、式（１２）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)のノルム||∂P^→(i,j,k)||の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域から推定した融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U1と下端位置L１を短い破線で、図１０で例示した、式（１３）で定義する圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル∂P^→(i,j,k)の偏角∠∂P^→(i,j,k)の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域から推定した融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U２と下端位置L２を長い破線で、さらに、図１１で例示した、式（１６）で定義する温度の時間的勾配ΔTt(i,j,k)の絶対値|ΔTt(i,j,k)|の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域から推定した融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置L３を一点鎖線で、合わせて示したものである。
【０１０４】
図１２では、融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U1、U２の炉高方向の平均値を算出し、該算出結果を融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U4として図中に太い実曲線で示し、また、融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置L1、L2、L３の炉高さ方向の平均値を算出し、該算出結果を融着帯根部相当位置の下端位置L4として図中に太い実曲線で示した例である。
【０１０５】
図１２では、融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U4、下端位置L4の算出にあたって、各曲線の炉高方向位置情報の単純な相加平均計算に基づく結果例を示したが、各曲線の炉高さ方向位置の平均値の計算にあたっては、例えば、下記の数７の式（１８）、式（１９）に示すような重みつき平均計算手法など他の平均値計算手法を用いても構わないことは言うまでもない。
【０１０６】
【数７】

【０１０７】
ここで、pU(l,i,k)及びpL(l,i,k)は、図１２において、融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置Ul及び下端位置Llの炉周方向離散化座標(i)、離散化時間(k)における重み係数であり、hU(4,i,k)及びhL(4,i,k)は、重みつき平均値計算の結果得られた融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置U4及び下端位置L4の炉高方向の離散化座標である。
【０１０８】
なお、これまでに説明してきた本発明が示す融着帯根部相当位置の推定手法、可視化手法は、各計測データの時間的推移に対応して逐次実施することが可能であり、各計測データの時間的推移に対応して融着帯根部相当位置を逐次推定し、逐次可視化することが可能である。
【０１０９】
（１０．操業予測部）
操業予測部１０における操業予測方法を、次に説明する。これまでに説明してきた本発明が示す手法により、高炉の融着帯根部相当位置と推定し、可視化したコンタ図形領域、例えば、図９、図１０、図１１で例示したハッチング図形領域について、図形及びベクトル特徴情報算出部７は、画像処理を行い、図形及び図形の特徴情報、すなわち、個数、位置、面積、重心、図形の縦横比率、図形内の最大値又は最小値、平均値、分散を算出する。
【０１１０】
また、図形及びベクトル特徴情報算出部７は、勾配算出部６で算出したベクトルに対して数学的演算を行い、ベクトル特徴情報、すなわちベクトル又はベクトル成分の総和、最大値又は最小値、平均値、分散を算出する。
【０１１１】
ここで、図９、図１０、図１１で例示したハッチング図形領域の一つを図形Aとし、図１３を用いて、このコンタ図形領域の重心を用いた操業予測方法を説明する。
【０１１２】
例えば、操業状態を予測するために予め重心位置の上限管理値GAu及び下限管理値GAlを設定しておく。
【０１１３】
操業安定状態においては、図形Aが存在しないか、又は存在してもその重心位置は下限管理値GAl以下である。
【０１１４】
何らかの操業要因の変動により、図形Aが発生し、又はその重心位置が下限管理値GAlを上回った場合、炉壁近傍の融着帯根部相当位置を示す領域が高炉上部に移動していることを示しており、高炉の操業状態が変動したと判断することができる。
【０１１５】
さらに、その重心位置が高炉上部へ移動し、上限管理値GAuを上回った場合は、これはすなわち、高炉の上部管理位置以上において融着帯根部相当位置が存在していることを明示するものであり、その存在から、その後の操業状態において、炉壁近傍の融着帯根部の通気性悪化によるシャフト熱負荷異常等の操業異常が発生すると予測することが可能である。
【０１１６】
また、例えば、時刻ｔにおける図形Aの重心位置GA(t)とその時間的勾配dGA (t)から、ある時間Δｔ後の操業状態、すなわち、Δｔ後の重心位置GA(t+Δt)を、
GA(t+Δt)＝GA(t)＋dGA(t)Δt …（２０）
と予測し、このとき、当該図形領域Aが存在しないか、存在しても下限設定値GAl以下、すなわち、
GA(t+Δt)＜GAl …（２１）
であるならば、操業安定状態がΔｔ後においても継続すると予測することが可能である。
【０１１７】
図１３では、本発明が示す手法により得られる図形の特徴情報として、画像処理によって得られる図形Aの重心位置GA(t)の値とその時間的勾配dGA (t)を例に、操業異常の予測が可能であることを示したが、重心位置以外にも画像処理で得られる上述の図形の特徴情報や、その時間的変化率を評価する手法、また図形のいくつかの特徴情報を組み合わせて評価する手法、さらに対象図形領域内のベクトル又はベクトル成分の総和、最大値又は最小値、平均値、分散などのベクトル特徴情報を組み合わせて評価する手法も有効である。
【０１１８】
（１１．記録部）
記録部１１において、図形及びベクトル特徴情報推移算出部９における算出結果をテキスト形式等のファイルとして記録し、データベース化する。図形及び図形特徴情報、ベクトル特徴情報の推移の記録にあたって、算出結果をAVI形式等の動画ファイルとして記録することも可能である。このとき、本発明における高炉操業の監視方法の実施にあたり冗長な動画情報を、必要に応じて各種のデータ圧縮手法を用いて取り除くことにより、効率のよい記録及びデータベース化を実施することも可能である。本発明の手法においては、そのデータ圧縮手法を限定する必要はない。
【０１１９】
そして、記録部１１で記録した情報を、例えば、ファイル入力して、オフラインで高炉の操業状態を評価することも可能である。加えて、本発明においては、該算出結果の記録部１１への伝送形態及び伝送方法について限定する必要はなく、例えば、図形及びベクトル特徴情報推移算出部９において、該算出結果をデジタル信号化し、該デジタル信号を記録部１１へ伝送して記録してもよいし、さらに、該デジタル信号を各種のデータ圧縮手法によって圧縮することによって伝送データ量を小さくして記録部１１へ伝送して記録してもよいし、さらに、例えば、LAN、イーサネット（Ｒ）、無線LAN、インターネット等の情報伝送ネットワークを介して、前記デジタル信号を高炉設備から離れた遠隔地点に設置した記録部１１へ伝送して記録しても構わない。
【０１２０】
（１２．出力部）
また、出力部１２において、図形及び図形の特徴情報、ベクトル特徴情報の推移や操業監視結果及び操業予測結果、例えば、図９、図１０、図１１、図１２、図１３で例示した内容を、モニタ等によって画面出力する。
【０１２１】
この場合に、前記図形及び図形の特徴情報、ベクトル特徴情報の推移や操業監視結果及び操業予測結果の出力部１２への伝送形態及び伝送方法について限定する必要はなく、例えば、図形及びベクトル特徴情報推移算出部９において、該算出結果をデジタル信号化し、該デジタル信号を出力部１２へ伝送して出力してもよいし、さらに、該デジタル信号を各種のデータ圧縮手法によって圧縮することによって伝送データ量を小さくして出力部１２へ伝送し、伝送後、出力部１２において該圧縮伝送データを圧縮前のデジタル信号に復元して出力してもよいし、さらに、例えば、LAN、イーサネット（Ｒ）、無線LAN、インターネット等の情報伝送ネットワークを介して、前記デジタル信号を高炉設備から離れた遠隔地点に設置した出力部１２へ伝送して出力しても構わない。その際に、本発明の手法においては、そのデータ圧縮手法を限定する必要はない。
【０１２２】
なお、本実施の形態では、ステーブ温度データとシャフト圧力データを例に本発明の手法を説明したが、本発明の手法は、ステーブ温度データとシャフト圧力データに限定する必要はなく、他の計測データやそれらを組み合わせた手法についても有効であることは言うまでもない。
【０１２３】
以上述べた実施の形態のデータ処理装置４は、コンピュータのＣＰＵ或いはＭＰＵ、ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ等で構成されるものであり、ＲＡＭやＲＯＭに記録されたプログラムが動作することによって実現できる。従って、コンピュータが上記機能を果たすように動作させるプログラムを記憶媒体に記録し、コンピュータに読み取らせることによって実現できるものである。記憶媒体としては、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ、ＤＶＤ、フレキシブルディスク、ハードディスク、磁気テープ、光磁気テープ、不揮発性のメモリカード等を用いることができる。
【０１２４】
また、コンピュータが供給されたプログラムを実行することにより上述の実施形態の機能が実現されるだけでなく、そのプログラムコードがコンピュータにおいて稼働しているＯＳ（オペレーティングシステム）或いは他のアプリケーションソフト等と共同して上述の実施形態の機能が実現される場合にもかかるプログラムコードは本発明の実施形態に含まれることは言うまでもない。
【０１２５】
【発明の効果】
以上の如く詳述した本発明の手法は、高炉に複数設置されたセンサからの測定対象量の計測データを、各センサの設置位置を反映させた２次元平面又は２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面に配置し、各計測データの空間的分布状態や時間的変化を、これらが形成する図形又は図形の特徴情報として表わし、これらを評価することを可能とし、前記２次元平面又は２次元平面で構成される３次元立体の表面上において、圧力の空間的変化率ベクトルのノルムと偏角、温度の時間的勾配を算出し、該算出結果の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域及び図形特徴情報を用いて融着帯根部相当位置を逐次推定し、逐次可視化することによって、高炉の操業状態の監視及び操業異常の予測を正確に実施することを可能とする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本実施の形態の操業監視装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２】空間的に不均等な位置に分布した複数のセンサの計測データの勾配から等値線を探索し、ある等値線によって形成される図形を示す図である。
【図３】等値線算出部において、空間的に不均等な位置に分布した複数のセンサの計測データから等値線を探索する方法の一例として、「四角形要素四頂点平均を頂点に用いる三角形要素を用いた等値線探索手法」を説明する図である。
【図４】温度データから空間的勾配を算出する方法を説明する図である。
【図５】圧力データから空間的勾配を算出する方法を説明する図である。
【図６】圧力と圧力の空間的勾配ベクトルの関係を説明する図である。
【図７】温度データから時間的勾配を算出する方法を説明する図である。
【図８】炉壁近傍の融着帯根部を示す図である。
【図９】圧力の空間的勾配ベクトルノルムの等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域を用いて炉壁近傍の融着帯根部相当位置の上部位置及び下部位置を推定し、可視化した図である。
【図１０】圧力の空間的勾配ベクトル偏角の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域を用いて炉壁近傍の融着帯根部相当位置の上部位置及び下部位置を推定し、可視化した図である。
【図１１】温度の時間的勾配の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域を用いて炉壁近傍の融着帯根部相当位置の下部位置を推定し、可視化した図である。
【図１２】圧力の空間的勾配ベクトルノルムと偏角、温度の時間的勾配の等値線が形成するコンタ図形領域を組み合わせて用いて炉壁近傍の融着帯根部相当位置の上端位置及び下端位置を推定し、可視化した図である。
【図１３】操業予測部において、コンタ図形領域の特徴情報の時間的推移を用いた操業予測手法を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 高炉設備
２ 高炉設備上の複数の各種センサ
３ データ収集装置
４ データ処理装置
５ 等値線算出部
６ 勾配算出部
７ 図形及びベクトル特徴情報算出部
８ 操業監視部
９ 図形及びベクトル特徴情報推移算出部
１０ 操業予測部
１１ 記録部
１２ 出力部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, during operation of the blast furnace, by sequentially estimating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root, and sequentially visualizing, monitoring the operating state of the blast furnace and predicting abnormal operation of the blast furnace, an operation monitoring method and apparatus in the blast furnace operation , A computer program, and a computer-readable storage medium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, methods relating to monitoring and prediction of abnormal operation of a blast furnace include those disclosed in JP-A-5-156328 and JP-A-11-140520. Each of these monitoring arrangement prediction methods collects measurement data from each sensor without reflecting the installation position information of each sensor on the blast furnace facility, and uses a preset set value or a simple physical model. The operation status is monitored and abnormal operation is predicted by comparison with the threshold value.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the blast furnace process that is the subject of the present invention is an object to be handled as a distributed constant system process having dynamic characteristics. Therefore, the measurement data of a plurality of various sensors installed in a distributed manner on the blast furnace equipment may not be collected and evaluated independently of each other, and may not be evaluated at the installation position on the blast furnace equipment where each sensor is installed. It should be collected and evaluated in relation.
[0004]
However, the above-described conventional method does not collect and evaluate the installation positions of such sensors in association with measurement data, and as a result, there is a problem that the accuracy of monitoring and prediction of the operating state of the blast furnace is low. It was.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and for the purpose of solving the above-described problems and enabling the monitoring of the operation state of the blast furnace and the prediction of the operation abnormality, the estimation of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root of the blast furnace. And visualization.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation of the present invention is a blast furnace.On equipmentFrom multiple sensors installed inOutputThe measurement data of the measurement target amount is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor, or a three-dimensional surface composed of a two-dimensional plane.A given surface that isPlaced in the space, spatial distribution of each measurement data and temporal changesOn the basis of theA method for monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace, comprising:PredeterminedOn the surfaceInRepresent any pointpluralSet the coordinate axes in advance,Pressure data as measurement data to be measured from each of the sensors is sampled at a preset sampling period Δt and collected in association with the installation position information of the sensor, and at any point on a predetermined plane, the pressure data is collected.pressuredataInBaseAndEach of pressureCalculating a spatial gradient in the direction of the coordinate axis,SpatialHas gradient as componentPressureDefine a spatial gradient vectorSpatial gradient of pressureCalculate the declination when the norm of the vector or the furnace height direction is the reference axis,Based on the norm or declination of the spatial gradient vector,On the surfaceCalculate an isoline with the same norm or declination of the spatial gradient vector of pressureContour graphic area formed by isolinesGetThe contour figure area to be selected by comparing the size with the setting value specified in advanceBased on pressure dataCohesive zone root equivalent position anddo itIt has a feature in the point to be estimated.
[0007]
  The operation monitoring method in another blast furnace operation of the present invention is a blast furnace.On equipmentFrom multiple sensors installed inOutputThe measurement data of the measurement target amount is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor, or a three-dimensional surface composed of a two-dimensional plane.A given surface that isPlaced in the space, spatial distribution of each measurement data and temporal changesOn the basis of theA method for monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace, comprising:PredeterminedRepresent any point on the surfacepluralSet the coordinate axes in advance,Temperature data as measurement data to be measured from each of the sensors is sampled at a preset sampling period Δt and collected in association with the installation position information of the sensor, and at any point on a predetermined surfacetemperatureBased on dataAnd the current temperatureData and currentTemperature at the same point before a certain time arbitrarily specified from the timeData andFrom the pointTemperatureCalculate the temporal slope and calculate the temporal slopeBased on the givenOn the surfaceTemperatureTemporal gradientIs the equivalent isolineContour graphic area formed by isolinesGetSelect the contour figure area to be selected by comparing the size with the preset value.Based on temperature dataCohesive zone root equivalent position anddo itIt has a feature in the point to be estimated.
[0008]
Further, another feature of the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation of the present invention is that the position information corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated by the above method using the spatial gradient vector of the pressure data and the temporal data of the temperature data. The cohesive zone root equivalent position information estimated by the method using the gradient is used together to estimate the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0009]
Further, another feature of the monitoring method in the blast furnace operation of the present invention is that the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated by the above method using the temporal gradient of the temperature data and the temporal gradient of the pressure data, It is in the point to visualize as a figure on the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane.
[0010]
Another feature of the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation according to the present invention is that the position information corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated by the above method using the spatial gradient vector of the pressure data, the temporal gradient of the temperature data. The position corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated by the above-described method using the method is updated in correspondence with the temporal transition of each measurement data, thereby sequentially estimating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root.
[0011]
Further, another feature of the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation of the present invention is that the position information corresponding to the cohesive zone root that is sequentially estimated as described above corresponding to the temporal transition of each measurement data is obtained in the two-dimensional plane. Or it is in the point of visualizing sequentially as the figure updated sequentially on the surface of the three-dimensional solid comprised by a two-dimensional plane.
[0012]
  The operation monitoring device in the operation of the blast furnace according to the present invention is configured by measuring data of a measurement target amount output from a plurality of sensors installed on a blast furnace facility in a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor. An operation monitoring device that is arranged on a predetermined surface having a plurality of coordinate axes and monitors the operation state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data. Data collection for collecting measurement data including pressure data output from each of the plurality of sensors installed on the furnace equipment at a preset sampling cycle Δt and collecting the data in association with the installation position information of the sensors And an isoline that arranges the collected measurement data on the predetermined surface based on the installation position information and calculates an arbitrary equivalence line by spatially interpolating the measurement data Means leaving a gradient calculating means for calculating a spatial gradient in the directions of the axes of the pressure at any point on a predetermined surface from the isolines, whereinCalculated by the gradient calculation meansCalculate the declination when the norm of the pressure spatial gradient vector whose component is the spatial gradient in the direction of each coordinate axis of the pressure or the furnace height direction as the reference axis, and the spatialSlopeCalculate isolines on a given surface based on the norm or declination of the vector., Larger or smaller value than the preset valueFor the contour figure area formed by the isolines,ThatNumber, position, area, center of gravity, figure aspect ratio, maximum or minimum value in figure, average value, and characteristic information of any figure of variance, orOf the spatial gradient vector of pressureCalculate vector feature information, that is, vector feature information of vector or vector component sum, maximum value, minimum value, average value, and variancePressureIt is characterized in that it has a figure and vector feature information calculation means for estimating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root based on force data.
  The operation monitoring device in another blast furnace operation of the present invention is a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane in which measurement data of a measurement target amount output from a plurality of sensors installed on a blast furnace facility is reflected on the installation position of each sensor. It is an operation monitoring device that is arranged on a predetermined surface having a plurality of coordinate axes and monitors the operation state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data. In addition, measurement data including temperature data output from each of the plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment is sampled at a preset sampling period Δt and collected in association with the installation position information of the sensors. The data collection means and the collected measurement data are arranged on the predetermined surface based on the installation position information, and the measurement data is spatially interpolated to calculate an arbitrary equivalent line having the same value. Value line calculation means, and time gradient calculating means for calculating a temporal gradient in the directions of the axes of the temperature at any point on a predetermined surface from the isolines, whereinCalculated by temporal gradient calculation meansCalculate an isoline on a given surface based on the temporal gradient of temperature,A value that is larger or smaller than the preset valueFor the contour figure area formed by the isolines,ThatNumber, position, area, center of gravity, figure aspect ratio, maximum or minimum value in figure, average value, and variance of graphic featuresNewsIt is characterized in that it includes a figure and vector feature information calculation means for calculating and calculating a contour figure region selected by comparing with a preset value specified in advance as a position corresponding to a cohesive zone based on temperature data.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of an operation monitoring method, apparatus, computer program, and computer-readable storage medium in blast furnace operation of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation of the present embodiment. In the figure, a plurality of sensors for measuring stave temperature, hearth wall temperature, and shaft pressure are installed on the blast furnace equipment 1. In FIG. 1, a stave temperature sensor, a hearth wall temperature sensor, and a shaft pressure sensor are taken as examples, and a plurality of sensor positions are shown on the outer surface of the blast furnace equipment. In the present invention, the blast furnace of each sensor is shown. The arrangement on the equipment may be unequal intervals.
[0015]
The embodiment of the present invention will be described below according to the configuration of the operation monitoring apparatus shown in FIG.
(1. Blast furnace equipment and 2. Various sensors on the blast furnace equipment)
In a plurality of various sensors 2 on the blast furnace facility 1, physical quantities such as temperature or pressure, flow rate, particle size, density, and composition are measured. Below, the case where the sensor which measures temperature and pressure is arrange | positioned on the blast furnace outer surface as shown in FIG. 1 is demonstrated.
[0016]
First, temperature will be described as an example. As will be described later, the same processing can be performed for pressure. The installation position information of each temperature sensor arranged on the outer surface of the blast furnace is three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x (i), y (i), z (i)), where i = 1,2,3, ..., known in advance as N (N: number of temperature sensors).
[0017]
(3. Data collection device)
In the data collection device 3, measurement data output from a plurality of temperature sensors arranged on the blast furnace facility is sampled and collected at a preset sampling period Δt. The sampling period Δt can be arbitrarily set at a time interval of several ms or more corresponding to the processing capability of the data collection device 3 and the processing capability of the data processing device 4 and the time interval required for operation monitoring and operation prediction. The temperature data collected by the data collection device 3 is sent to the data processing device 4 in real time.
[0018]
In this case, it is not necessary to limit the transmission form and transmission method of the measurement data to the data processing device 4, and for example, the measurement data may be transmitted to the data processing device 4 as an analog signal of current or voltage by a signal line. The data collection device 3 may convert the analog signal of the current or voltage into a digital signal, and transmit the digital signal to the data processing device 4. Further, the digital signal may be compressed by various data compression methods. The transmission data amount may be reduced and transmitted to the data processing device 4, and after transmission, the data processing device 4 may restore the compressed transmission data to a digital signal before compression. In addition, for example, LAN, Ethernet ( R) The digital signal is transmitted to a remote location away from the blast furnace equipment via an information transmission network such as a wireless LAN and the Internet. It may be transmitted to the data processing apparatus 4 which has location.
[0019]
(4. Data processing device)
(5. Isoline calculation part)
In the isoline calculation unit 5, the temperature data input from the data collection device 3 is applied to the surface of a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid composed of a two-dimensional plane reflecting each sensor installation position information on the blast furnace equipment. Arbitrary isolines having the same temperature data are calculated and a figure formed by the isolines is calculated.
[0020]
Hereinafter, an example of the isoline calculation method in the isoline calculation part 5 is shown. FIG. 2 shows an isoline calculation unit 5 that defines a two-dimensional plane having an r-axis in the furnace circumferential direction of the blast furnace and an h-axis in the furnace height direction, and is formed by isolines on the two-dimensional plane. An example of a figure is shown. In FIG. 2, the ● mark indicates that a plurality of temperature sensor installation positions arranged on the blast furnace outline are coordinate-transformed in three-dimensional space coordinates (x (i), y (i), z (i)). It is arranged.
[0021]
In FIG. 2, the coordinate transformation calculates the projection onto the two-dimensional plane from the furnace body height, hearth wall height, tuyere diameter, furnace belly diameter, furnace bottom diameter, shaft angle, Bosch angle (morning glory angle), and the like. Etc. were carried out using geometrical relationships. In the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to limit the two-dimensional plane to be defined to a square plane as shown in FIG. 2, and a partially fan-shaped two-dimensional plane is defined according to the shaft angle and the Bosch angle (morning glory angle). May be.
[0022]
For the sake of illustration, FIG. 2 defines and uses a two-dimensional plane with the r axis in the furnace circumferential direction and the h axis in the furnace height direction. Therefore, the same applies to the case where the image is arranged on a three-dimensional space and expressed on the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of a two-dimensional plane.
[0023]
In the two-dimensional plane of FIG. 2, if the corresponding measurement data is arranged at the point marked with ● indicating the temperature sensor installation position, the distribution state of the temperature data at a certain time t can be expressed. At this time, the mutual intervals between the circles may be spatially non-uniform by the contour search method described later, and need not be spatially uniform.
[0024]
● Based on the temperature data placed at the point marked with ●, the temperature data in the mutual space marked with ● is spatially interpolated to search for isolines. Here, the isoline is obtained by connecting points showing the same value from temperature data distributed spatially.
[0025]
In order to search for isolines for temperature data distributed at spatially non-uniform positions, a method using a triangular element composed of temperature sensor installation points is reliable, but a triangular element is formed in space. There are enormous degrees of freedom when combining them. Moreover, when there are few measurement points with respect to space, the problem that the shape of the isoline obtained differs by the selection of a triangular element arises.
[0026]
Therefore, as a technique for reducing the error of isoline shape by element selection while lowering the degree of freedom of element selection and reducing the error of isoline shape due to element selection, `` Contour lines using triangle elements using quadrilateral element four vertex average as vertex '' “Search method” is exemplified.
[0027]
This method will be described with reference to FIG. Each temperature sensor installation position on the two-dimensional plane in FIG. 2 is associated with each point in advance so that one of the inner angles is constituted by a rectangular element that does not exceed 180 degrees. The element selection condition for the quadrangular element reduces the degree of freedom of element selection and facilitates element selection. In the case of a blast furnace facility, each sensor position coordinate is known, and therefore, it may be associated once, or may be automatically associated using an automatic search algorithm as a combination problem.
[0028]
In FIG. 3, an example of an arbitrary rectangular element whose one of the inner angles does not exceed 180 degrees, that is, temperature sensor measurement data at each of the vertices P1, P2, P3, and P4 is T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Show. Let Tm be the intersection of the diagonal lines of this quadrilateral element, that is, the temperature at the mark Pm in FIG. Tm is an average value calculated from T1, T2, T3, and T4, and is defined as an arithmetic average, for example.
Tm = (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) ÷ 4 (1)
[0029]
Next, four triangular elements having the intersection Pm on the diagonal line as vertices are defined inside the quadrilateral element, and the temperature data on the sides of each triangular element is determined by the temperature data of the vertices constituting both ends of the side. It shall be obtained by interpolation. In the interpolation, any method such as a primary interpolation method may be used.
[0030]
Suppose that the value of the isoline to be searched for is T, and for the temperature data at the four vertices of the quadrilateral element,
T1 <T <T4 (2)
T1 <T <T2 (3)
It is assumed that there is a relationship.
[0031]
In the example of FIG. 3, T always exists on a straight line connecting P1 and P4 and is always interpolated on a straight line connecting P1 and Pm or a straight line connecting Pm and P4 according to the condition of the expression (2). It exists as a temperature data point. Here, tentatively
T1 <T <Tm (4)
If there is, a temperature data point of T exists on a straight line connecting P1 and Pm. The points of the temperature data T are indicated by Δ. Similarly, T always exists as a temperature data point interpolated on a straight line connecting P1 and P2 from the condition of the expression (3), and this is indicated by a Δ mark. By connecting the points of the temperature T obtained as described above with a straight line, an isoline of the temperature T within the focused rectangular element can be searched.
[0032]
In the above example, instead of the equation (4),
Tm <T <T4 (5)
When
T2 <T <T3 (6)
In this case, the temperature data point at this time is as indicated by □, and an isoline connecting these by a straight line can be indicated by a broken line.
[0033]
Further, the above process is repeated for all quadrilateral elements in the space, thereby completing the search and drawing of the isolines in the space. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the temperature data forms a certain figure in a two-dimensional plane by the obtained isolines. In particular, an isoline which is a closed curve forms a characteristic figure. In FIG. 2, an isoline of a certain temperature T is indicated by a solid line, and a figure surrounded by the closed curve is indicated by hatching. Dashed lines are other temperature isolines.
[0034]
As described above, for the data arranged in the spatially non-uniform positional relationship, a square element whose one of the inner angles does not exceed 180 degrees is selected, and the average value of the data of the four vertices is set at the intersection of the diagonal lines. The method of setting and searching for and drawing isolines using triangular elements with vertices at the intersections reduces the degree of freedom of element selection compared to the method of searching for isolines using only triangular elements. In addition to facilitating selection, a triangular element whose vertex is the average value of the vertices of each quadrangular element is used, so that it is an effective method that can reduce isoline search errors that depend on element selection. Since the triangular element is used in the final stage of the search, it goes without saying that there is no problem that the isoline to be searched intersects with another isoline on the way or the isoline is interrupted on the way. .
[0035]
In addition, this search method is not limited to a two-dimensional plane, and can be implemented and effectively applied to a three-dimensional space composed of quadrilateral plane elements on the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of two-dimensional planes. It is a technique.
[0036]
In the present invention, there is no need to limit the search method for isolines, and an equivalent value using another method or a triangular element on the surface of a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid composed of two-dimensional planes. You may draw a line.
[0037]
As described above, in the isoline calculation unit 5, the temperature data input from the data collection device 3 is a three-dimensional plane constituted by a two-dimensional plane or quadrangular plane element reflecting each sensor installation position information on the blast furnace equipment. It can be placed in space and contour lines can be drawn.
[0038]
Furthermore, at any point on the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane, the temperature data at the arbitrary point can be calculated by interpolation from an isoline having the point in between. Can be calculated by spatially interpolating from several isolines of different values between the points.
[0039]
For example, FIG. 4 defines a two-dimensional plane having the r axis in the furnace circumferential direction and the h axis in the furnace height direction, and the isoline calculation unit 5 uses the isoline of the temperature data at time t. Is calculated, and the temperature T (i, j, k) for each pixel unit on the screen obtained by spatially interpolating the temperature data from the isoline is shown. However, i = 1,2,3, ..., Nr (Nr: number of pixels in the furnace circumferential direction), j = 1,2,3, ..., Nh (Nh: number of pixels in the furnace height direction), k = 0,1,2,... (k: discretization time), Δh is the length in the furnace height direction of the pixel, and Δr is the length in the furnace circumferential direction of the pixel.
[0040]
(6. Gradient calculation part)
Next, in the gradient calculation unit 6, 1) spatial gradient (space) of the measurement data at an arbitrary point on the surface of the two-dimensional plane or the three-dimensional solid composed of the two-dimensional plane calculated by the isoline calculation unit. Rate of change, spatial change), 2) temporal gradient (temporal change rate, temporal change) or 3) temporal gradient of spatial gradient (temporal change rate of spatial change rate, spatial change The amount of change over time is calculated.
[0041]
Here, taking pressure data as an example, 1) a method for calculating a spatial gradient in the gradient calculation unit 6 will be described. The processing that has been described with temperature as an example is also possible for pressure, that is, the isoline calculation unit 5 reflects the pressure data input from the data collection device 3 with the information on the position of each sensor on the blast furnace equipment. It is possible to draw isolines by arranging in a three-dimensional space composed of two-dimensional planes or quadrilateral plane elements.
[0042]
Furthermore, pressure data at an arbitrary point can be calculated by interpolating from an isoline between the points at an arbitrary point on the surface of a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid composed of two-dimensional planes. By spatially interpolating from several isolines of different values between the points, the pressure data at the points can be calculated.
[0043]
For example, FIG. 5 defines a two-dimensional plane having the r axis in the furnace circumferential direction and the h axis in the furnace height direction, and the isoline calculation unit 5 uses the isoline of the pressure data at time t. And pressure P (i, j, k) for each pixel unit on the screen obtained by spatially interpolating pressure data from the isoline. However, i = 1,2,3, ..., Nr (Nr: number of pixels in the furnace circumferential direction), j = 1,2,3, ..., Nh (Nh: number of pixels in the furnace height direction), k = 0,1,2,... (k: discretization time), Δh is the length in the furnace height direction of the pixel, and Δr is the length in the furnace circumferential direction of the pixel.
[0044]
In FIG. 5, the spatial gradient ΔP in the furnace height direction of the pressure P (i, j, k) at the pixel position (i, j) at time k._h(i, j, k) is the pressure difference in the furnace height direction divided by the length of the pixel in the furnace height direction, that is,
ΔP_h(i, j, k) = [P (i, j + 1, k) −P (i, j, k)] ÷ Δh (7)
Calculate with
[0045]
Similarly, the spatial gradient ΔP of the pressure P (i, j, k) in the furnace circumferential direction_r(i, j, k) is the pressure difference in the furnace circumferential direction divided by the length of the pixel in the furnace circumferential direction, that is,
ΔP_r(i, j, k) = [P (i, j + 1, k) −P (i, j, k)] ÷ Δr (8)
Calculate with
[0046]
At this time, although it is about the spatial gradient of the pressure on the boundary line of the two-dimensional plane, the continuity of the spatial gradient is maintained in the furnace circumferential direction.
[0047]
The furnace height direction is set based on boundary conditions based on physical grounds. For example, in the case of the pressure illustrated in FIG. 5, on the boundary line between the upper end and the lower end indicating the furnace port position and tuyere position, the furnace height gradient of the blast furnace pressure near the boundary line is set by extrapolation.
[0048]
Moreover, although Formula (7) and Formula (8) illustrated the primary difference form based on Taylor expansion,
ΔP_h(i, j, k) = [P (i, j + 1, k) -P (i, j-1, k)] / (2Δh) (9)
ΔP_r(i, j, k) = [P (i + 1, j, k) -P (i-1, j, k)] / (2Δr) (10)
Other difference forms such as the center difference form may be used.
[0049]
FIG. 6 shows the pressure P (i, j, k) which is the potential quantity, that is, the scalar quantity, and the spatial gradient vector ∂P of the pressure which is the vector quantity.^→The relationship (i, j, k) is shown.
[0050]
Here, the pressure spatial gradient vector ∂P^→(i, j, k) is the spatial gradient of the pressure in the furnace circumferential direction ∂Pr (i, j, k) and the pressure in the furnace height direction, as shown in the following equation (11). It is defined as a vector whose component is gradient ∂Ph (i, j, k).
[0051]
[Expression 1]

[0052]
At this time, the pressure spatial gradient vector ∂P^→The norm of (i, j, k), that is, the magnitude is expressed by the following equation (12).
[0053]
[Expression 2]

[0054]
Also, the pressure change rate vector ∂P^→The deflection angle of (i, j, k) is expressed by the following equation (13).
[0055]
[Equation 3]

[0056]
Equation (11), Equation (12), and Equation (13) are obtained by using the spatial gradient vector 圧 力 of the pressure developed in the two-dimensional plane of the furnace circumferential direction (i) and the furnace height direction (j) as shown in FIG. P^→This is an example of formulating (i, j, k). The same applies to the spatial gradient vector of pressure in a three-dimensional space developed on the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of two-dimensional planes. Formulation of the method and an operation monitoring method in blast furnace operation indicated by the present invention are possible.
[0057]
Again, taking temperature data as an example, an example of 2) a temporal gradient calculation method in the gradient calculation unit 6 will be described.
[0058]
FIG. 7 shows the time transition of the temperature data at the pixel position (i, j). In FIG. 7, the time t is discretized, and the temporal gradient of the temperature T (i, j, k) at the pixel position (i, j) at the discretization time k (temperature temporal change rate, temperature temporal change). Change) ΔT_t(i, j, k) is calculated by subtracting the time change reference amount from the current temperature data divided by the reference time (m × Δt), that is, the following equation (14). Here, n and m are set parameters, respectively, n is the number of time change reference evaluation data, and m is the reference time number of the temporal gradient. Δt is a sampling period Δt. Further, ω (i, j, k−m × l) is a weighting factor that takes into account the influence of past temperature data in calculating the time change reference amount, and can be arbitrarily set.
[0059]
[Expression 4]

[0060]
Here, a usage example of the setting parameter will be described. For example, if n = 1, m = 1, and ω (i, j, k-1 × 1) = 1, the equation (14) becomes as shown in the following equation (15): A temporal gradient between the current temperature data and the temperature data before Δt time can be calculated.
[0061]
[Equation 5]

[0062]
For example, if ω (i, j, km × l) = 1 (= const.) Is set, the time change reference amount calculated in the second term in [] on the right side of Expression (14) is the time interval. The arithmetic average value of the temperature data at (n × m × Δt) is obtained, and the equation (14) calculates the temporal gradient between the current temperature data and the arithmetic average value of the temperature data in the time interval (n × m × Δt). it can.
[0063]
Furthermore, for example, ω (i, j, k-m × l) = ρ^{(km × l)}However, when ρ> 1, the above equation (14) becomes the following equation (16), and the time change reference amount calculated by the second term in [] on the right side of the equation (16) is: The forgetting coefficient type weighted average value of the temperature data in the time interval (n × m × Δt) is obtained, and the equation (16) is the forgetting coefficient type weighted average of the current temperature data and the temperature data in the time interval (n × m × Δt). Calculate the temporal gradient with the value. Here, ρ is a parameter that defines the strength of forgetting, that is, a forgetting factor, and can be arbitrarily set.
[0064]
[Formula 6]

[0065]
Here, as a method for calculating the temperature temporal gradient (temporal change rate, temporal change amount), three examples of Expression (14), Expression (15), and Expression (16) have been illustrated and described. In, other weighting factor assignment methods or temporal gradient definitions may be used.
[0066]
(7. Graphic and vector feature information calculation unit)
(8. Operation monitoring department)
(9. Graphic and vector information transition calculation unit)
The graphic and vector feature information calculation unit 7 performs image processing on the contour graphic calculated by the isoline calculation unit 5 and mathematical operation on the vector calculated by the gradient calculation unit 6 to obtain graphic and vector feature information. , Equation (12), Spatial gradient vector ∂P defined by Equation (13)^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→(i, j, k) || and declination ∠∂P^→(i, j, k), a temporal gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) of the temperature defined by the equation (16) is calculated, and the calculation result is the two-dimensional plane or the three-dimensional plane 3 Explains that the contour equivalent of the contour line formed on the surface of the three-dimensional solid or the feature information of the figure can be estimated and visualized by evaluating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root of the blast furnace by the following method shown by the present invention. To do.
[0067]
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state of a cohesive zone root in the vicinity of a typical furnace wall during blast furnace operation. 8A and 8B, both the horizontal axis represents the blast furnace radius with the furnace wall as the origin, and the vertical axis represents the height of the blast furnace.
[0068]
Below, first, the outline of blast furnace operation and the relationship between the roots of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall will be described. The blast furnace is a moving bed type reactor for reducing and dissolving iron oxide in iron ore to produce pig iron containing a large amount of carbon. Iron ore (Ore) as a raw material and coke (Coke) as a main fuel are alternately supplied from the furnace port at the top of the furnace, and a layered packed bed is formed in the furnace.
[0069]
Dozens of nozzles called Tuyere are arranged on the furnace wall at the bottom of the furnace in the circumferential direction of the furnace, from which blast and auxiliary fuel are introduced into the furnace. At the front of the tuyere, a raceway is formed in which the packed bed is removed by the blast blown at high pressure and high speed, and the coke particles burn in a circulating motion inside and heat into the furnace And supply carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a main reducing agent that reduces iron oxide, and the generated combustion heat is transported to the upper part of the furnace by a reducing gas circulating in the furnace, and becomes a heat source for heating, reducing, and melting the iron ore.
[0070]
When the existence area of the charge in the blast furnace is roughly classified into three from the furnace top to the furnace bottom according to the state of the charge, each existence area is in order from the furnace top. Lump band, 2. Cohesive zone, 3. This is called a dripping zone.
[0071]
In the lump 1 at the top of the blast furnace, the iron ore supplied from the top of the furnace descends as the raw fuel is consumed in the furnace, and during that time, the temperature rise and the reduction by the reducing gas proceed.
[0072]
The iron ore particles that have reached the melting point in the central part of the blast furnace are softened and fused to form a cohesive zone 2, and molten iron and molten slag are generated in this region. In the iron ore layer of the cohesive zone (hatched portion in FIG. 8), the softened iron ore particles are fused together to reduce the porosity, and therefore, a permeability region having a low reducing gas permeability is formed.
[0073]
Therefore, in the cross section of the cohesive zone, as shown in FIG. 8, an iron ore layer having a low reducing gas permeability and a coke layer having a high reducing gas permeability (white background portion, coke slit in FIG. 8) alternately. The structure has been lined up, and the existence of the structure has been confirmed so far from the observation results of the blast furnace dismantling investigation, observation results by the belly probe (Belly Probe) and the tuyere sonde (Core Probe).
[0074]
In the dripping zone 3 below the cohesive zone 2, the liquid generated in the cohesive zone flows down in the coke packed bed, and the hot metal accumulates in the hearth and is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the furnace to the outside of the blast furnace. Is done.
[0075]
At this time, the fusion zone 2 has a function of distributing the reducing gas flowing from the dripping zone 3 to the massive zone, and has a great influence on “reducing properties of iron ore” and “breathability” which are important characteristics in blast furnace operation. Estimated formation characteristics (shape, formation position, air permeability), especially formation characteristics (shape, formation position, air permeability) of the root of cohesive zone near the furnace wall Visualization is important for operational monitoring.
[0076]
From the observation results of the sonde and the like, it is known that the thickness and cavity length of the coke slit layer greatly change and the inclination angle of each layer changes greatly according to the operation state. Further, the position and thickness of the root portion change depending on the operation state as shown by the white arrow in FIG.
[0077]
FIG. 8 (a) shows a so-called W-shaped fusion zone shape with a low core temperature (Dead man), and FIG. 8 (b) shows a so-called inverted V-shaped fusion with a high core temperature. This is a case where the band shape is shown.
[0078]
The decrease in the core temperature in Fig. 8 (a) is caused by the fact that the "hanging part" of the cohesive zone approaches the back of the raceway. As a result, the blast that is introduced from the tuyere As the permeation to the furnace core deteriorates, a part of the blast diverges in the furnace wall direction and rises along the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 1 ▼ in the figure). This is the case when it is rising.
[0079]
At this time, the reducing gas (arrow (2) in the figure) distributed through the coke slit in the cohesive zone from the furnace core to the furnace wall is deteriorated in air permeability due to the defective shape of the coke slit. It merges, hits the furnace wall, and rises along the furnace wall (arrow (3) in the figure). At this time, after hitting the furnace wall, there is a part of the flow (arrow (4) in the figure) descending to the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall.
[0080]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the upper portion of the cohesive zone root is reduced gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core to the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 2 in the figure). The gas flow rate (arrow (3) in the figure) is increased from the surroundings due to the merging, and the spatial gradient vector ∂P of pressure defined by equation (12) corresponding to the magnitude of the gas flow rate^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→When evaluated with (i, j, k) ||, it is possible to estimate the contour figure region selected by the isoline having a value larger than the preset value specified in advance as the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone.
[0081]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the lower part of the cohesive zone root is reduced gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core toward the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 2 in the figure). After a part of it hits the furnace wall, it descends along the furnace wall to the bottom of the blast furnace (arrow ▲ 4 ▼ in the figure), and rises along the furnace wall from the bottom of the blast furnace (arrow ▲ 1 ▼ in the figure) Therefore, the effective gas flow rate after the merging decreases from the surroundings, and the pressure spatial gradient vector ∂P defined by the equation (12) corresponding to the magnitude of the gas flow rate.^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→When evaluated with (i, j, k) ||, it is possible to estimate a contour figure region selected by an isoline having a value smaller than another preset value specified in advance as the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone. .
[0082]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the lower part of the cohesive zone root is reduced gas distributed through the coke slit in the cohesive zone from the furnace core to the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 2 in the figure). After a part of the battery hits the furnace wall, it descends along the furnace wall to the lower part of the blast furnace (arrow ▲ 4 ▼ in the figure) and rises from the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 1 in the figure), Since the gas flows are not accurately merged relative to each other, the result is that the direction of the gas flow after merging is inclined in the furnace circumferential direction, which corresponds to the magnitude of the inclination of the gas flow in the furnace circumferential direction (13 ) Pressure spatial gradient vector ∠∂P^→Declination ∠∂P defined as positive in the clockwise direction with the furnace height direction (h-axis direction) of (i, j, k) |^→Absolute value of (i, j, k) | ∠∂P^→When evaluated with (i, j, k) |, it is possible to estimate a contour graphic region selected by an isoline having a value larger than a set value designated in advance as a position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone.
[0083]
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the lower part of the cohesive zone root is reduced gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core to the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 2 in the figure). After a part of the reactor hits the furnace wall, it descends to the lower part of the blast furnace as a reducing gas flow at a certain temperature along the furnace wall (arrow ▲ 4 ▼ in the figure), while another part rises from the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall. Since the merging state is changed relative to the temperature of the reducing gas flow (arrow (1) in the figure) and the merging state is changed successively, the reducing gas temperature after the merging is successively changing greatly. And the absolute value of the temperature gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) defined by the equation (16) | ΔTt (i, j, k) | It is possible to estimate the contour graphic area selected by the contour line having the larger value as the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone.
[0084]
On the other hand, in FIG. 8B, the core temperature is high, and the “hanging portion” of the cohesive zone is sufficiently away from the raceway. As a result, in the direction of the core of the blast that is introduced from the tuyere This is a case where the transmission (arrow (5) in the figure) becomes dominant.
[0085]
At this time, the reducing gas (arrow (6) in the figure) distributed through the coke slit in the cohesive zone from the furnace core to the furnace wall functions effectively with good coke slit permeability. Therefore, the flow (arrow (7) in the figure) that is distributed more appropriately than the case of Fig. 8 (a) and rises to the upper part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall is dominant. It becomes the target.
[0086]
At this time, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the reducing gas (arrow (6) in the figure) distributed through the coke slit in the cohesive zone from the furnace core toward the furnace wall is the coke slit. Since the air permeability is well maintained and functions effectively, the upper part of the cohesive zone root is combined with more reducing gas than the lower part. The upper part has a larger effective gas flow rate than the lower part.
[0087]
Therefore, also in the case of FIG. 8B, the upper part of the cohesive zone root portion passes through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core portion toward the furnace wall, as in the case of FIG. 8A. As a result, the reducing gas distributed (arrow (6) in the figure) joins to increase the gas flow rate (arrow (7) in the figure) from the bottom of the cohesive zone (arrow (8) in the figure). , The spatial gradient vector ∂P of the pressure corresponding to the magnitude of the gas flow rate^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→When evaluated with (i, j, k) ||, the contour figure area selected by the isoline having a value larger than the set value specified in advance is designated in advance as the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone. It is possible to estimate the contour graphic region selected by the isoline having a value smaller than another set value as the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone.
[0088]
Up to now, using the cases of (a) and (b) of FIG. 8 which are two examples of the state of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall during blast furnace operation, the equations (12) and (13) ) Pressure spatial gradient vector ∂P^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→(i, j, k) ||, declination ∠∂P^→(i, j, k), a temporal gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) of the temperature defined by the equation (16) is calculated, and the calculation result is the two-dimensional plane or the three-dimensional plane 3 It has been explained that the upper equivalent position and the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root part of the blast furnace can be estimated from the contour figure formed by the contour line on the surface of the three-dimensional solid or the feature information of the figure.
[0089]
Further, in the following, the contour figure obtained by the above method or the feature information of the figure is calculated in combination, and using the feature information of the figure obtained from the calculation result, the upper end position and the lower end of the cohesive zone root equivalent position A method for estimating and visualizing the position will be described.
[0090]
FIG. 9 shows the position corresponding to the upper part of the root of the cohesive zone, the spatial gradient vector ∂P of pressure defined by equation (12).^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→Evaluated by (i, j, k) ||, estimated as a contour graphic region selected by an isoline having a value larger than a preset value (for example, 0.004) specified in advance, and the contour graphic region Is shown in a two-dimensional plane where the horizontal axis is the furnace circumferential direction and the vertical axis is the furnace height direction, with the black hatching area.
[0091]
Further, FIG. 9 shows the position corresponding to the lower part of the root of the cohesive zone, the spatial gradient vector ∂P of pressure defined by equation (12).^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→Evaluated by (i, j, k) ||, estimated as a contour graphic area selected by an isoline having a value smaller than a preset setting value (for example, 0.0005), and the contour graphic area Is shown as a white hatching area.
[0092]
Note that the preset value used here is a value normalized by a certain value, and the unit is dimensionless.
[0093]
In FIG. 9, by using characteristic information of a plurality of black hatched areas corresponding to the upper equivalent position of the cohesive zone root, that is, an isoline located above the hatched area in the furnace height direction, FIG. The real curve indicated by U1 can be estimated and visualized as the upper end position of the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0094]
Further, in FIG. 9, a plurality of white hatched area graphic feature information corresponding to the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root, i.e., an isoline located below the hatched area in the furnace height direction, The solid curve indicated by L1 in FIG. 9 can be estimated and visualized as the lower end position of the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0095]
FIG. 10 shows the spatial gradient vector ∂P of the pressure defined by the equation (13) as the lower equivalent position of the root of the cohesive zone.^→Declination ∠∂P of (i, j, k)^→Absolute value of (i, j, k) | ∠∂P^→(i, j, k) | is estimated as a contour graphic region selected by an isoline having a value larger than a preset setting value (for example, 120 °), and the contour graphic region is black. This hatching region is shown in an example developed on a two-dimensional plane in which the horizontal axis represents the furnace circumferential direction and the vertical axis represents the furnace height direction.
[0096]
In FIG. 10, by using characteristic information of a plurality of black hatched areas corresponding to the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root, that is, an isoline located above the hatched area in the furnace height direction, FIG. The real curve indicated by U2 can be estimated and visualized as the upper end position of the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0097]
In addition, in FIG. 10, a plurality of black hatched area graphic feature information corresponding to the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root, i.e., an isoline located below the hatched area in the furnace height direction, The solid curve indicated by L2 in FIG. 10 can be estimated and visualized as the lower end position of the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0098]
In FIG. 10, the upper end position estimation curve U1 and the lower end position estimation curve L1 of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root shown in FIG. 9 are shown together with broken lines.
[0099]
In FIG. 11, the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root is evaluated by the absolute value | ΔTt (i, j, k) | of the temperature temporal gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) defined by the equation (16). , Estimated as a contour graphic region selected by an isoline having a value larger than a preset setting value (for example, 2.0), and ΔTt (i, j, k)> The area of 0 is the black hatching area, the area of ΔTt (i, j, k) <0 is the white hatching area, and is developed in a two-dimensional plane with the horizontal axis representing the furnace circumferential direction and the vertical axis representing the furnace height direction. Is shown in the example.
[0100]
In FIG. 11, the feature information of the graphics of the plurality of black hatched areas corresponding to the lower equivalent position of the cohesive zone root, that is, the isolines located above the hatched area in the furnace height direction, and the plurality of white hatched areas By calculating the feature information of the figure of the area, that is, the isoline located below the hatching area in the furnace height direction by averaging the gravity center position and area information of the hatching area as a weighting factor, A solid curve indicated by L3 in FIG. 11 passing between the white hatched areas can be estimated and visualized as the lower end position of the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
[0101]
In FIG. 11, the upper end position estimation curve U1 and the lower end position estimation curve L1 of the cohesive zone root equivalent position shown in FIG. 9 are short dashed lines, and the upper end position estimation curve of the cohesive zone root equivalent position shown in FIG. U2 and the lower end position estimation curve L2 are shown together with a long broken line.
[0102]
Further, referring to FIG. 12, the spatial gradient vector ∂P of the pressure defined by the equations (12) and (13) is used.^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→(i, j, k) ||, declination ∠∂P^→(i, j, k), a temporal gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) of the temperature defined by the equation (16) is calculated, and the calculation result is combined and calculated, and the calculation result and the two-dimensional plane or A method of estimating and visualizing the upper end position and the lower end position of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone based on the figure formed on the surface of the three-dimensional solid composed of a two-dimensional plane or the feature information of the figure will be described.
[0103]
FIG. 12 shows the spatial gradient vector ∂P of the pressure defined by the equation (12) exemplified in FIG.^→norm of (i, j, k) || ∂P^→The upper end position U1 and the lower end position L1 of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated from the contour figure region formed by the isoline of (i, j, k) || ) Pressure spatial gradient vector ∂P^→Declination ∠∂P of (i, j, k)^→The upper end position U2 and the lower end position L2 of the cohesive zone root equivalent position estimated from the contour graphic region formed by the isoline of (i, j, k) are long dashed lines, and further, the equation (16 ) Of the temperature temporal gradient ΔTt (i, j, k) defined in (1)) of the absolute value of the ΔTt (i, j, k) | The lower end position L3 is shown together with a one-dot chain line.
[0104]
In FIG. 12, the average value in the furnace height direction of the upper end positions U1 and U2 of the cohesive zone root equivalent position is calculated, and the calculation result is shown as a thick solid curve in the figure as the upper end position U4 of the cohesive zone root equivalent position. Also, the average value in the furnace height direction of the lower end positions L1, L2, and L3 of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root is calculated, and the calculated result is the lower end position L4 of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root. It is an example shown by.
[0105]
FIG. 12 shows a result example based on a simple arithmetic mean calculation of the furnace height direction position information of each curve in calculating the upper end position U4 and the lower end position L4 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone. In calculating the average value in the height direction position, for example, other average value calculation methods such as a weighted average calculation method shown in Equation (18) and Equation (19) of the following Expression 7 may be used. Needless to say.
[0106]
[Expression 7]

[0107]
Here, pU (l, i, k) and pL (l, i, k) in FIG. 12 are the furnace circumferential direction discrete coordinates (i) of the upper end position Ul and the lower end position Ll at the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone. , The weighting factor in the discretization time (k), hU (4, i, k) and hL (4, i, k) are the upper end of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root obtained as a result of the weighted average calculation These are discretized coordinates in the furnace height direction at the position U4 and the lower end position L4.
[0108]
In addition, the estimation method and the visualization method of the cohesive band root equivalent position shown by the present invention described so far can be sequentially performed corresponding to the temporal transition of each measurement data. Corresponding to the temporal transition, it is possible to sequentially estimate the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone and visualize it sequentially.
[0109]
(10. Operation prediction department)
Next, the operation prediction method in the operation prediction unit 10 will be described. By using the method shown by the present invention described so far, it is estimated that the position is equivalent to the cohesive zone root portion of the blast furnace, and the contour graphic region visualized, for example, the hatched graphic region illustrated in FIGS. The vector feature information calculation unit 7 performs image processing, and calculates the figure and figure feature information, that is, the number, position, area, barycenter, figure aspect ratio, maximum value or minimum value in the figure, average value, and variance. calculate.
[0110]
Further, the graphic and vector feature information calculation unit 7 performs a mathematical operation on the vector calculated by the gradient calculation unit 6 to obtain vector feature information, that is, the sum of the vectors or vector components, the maximum or minimum value, the average value, Calculate the variance.
[0111]
Here, one of the hatched graphic areas illustrated in FIG. 9, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11 is assumed to be graphic A, and the operation prediction method using the center of gravity of the contour graphic area will be described with reference to FIG.
[0112]
For example, an upper limit management value GAu and a lower limit management value GAl for the center of gravity position are set in advance in order to predict the operation state.
[0113]
In the operation stable state, the figure A does not exist or even if it exists, the position of the center of gravity is not more than the lower limit management value GAl.
[0114]
If figure A is generated due to some variation in operating factors, or if the center of gravity position exceeds the lower limit control value GAl, the area indicating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root near the furnace wall has moved to the upper part of the blast furnace. It can be determined that the operating state of the blast furnace has changed.
[0115]
Furthermore, if the center of gravity moves to the upper part of the blast furnace and exceeds the upper limit control value GAu, this clearly indicates that the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root exists above the upper management position of the blast furnace. From its presence, it is possible to predict that an operational abnormality such as a shaft thermal load abnormality due to a deterioration in air permeability at the root of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall will occur in the subsequent operational state.
[0116]
Further, for example, from the barycentric position GA (t) of the figure A at the time t and its temporal gradient dGA (t), the operation state after a certain time Δt, that is, the barycentric position GA (t + Δt) after Δt,
GA (t + Δt) = GA (t) + dGA (t) Δt (20)
At this time, the graphic area A does not exist or even if it exists, the lower limit set value GAl or less, that is,
GA (t + Δt) <GAl (21)
If it is, it can be predicted that the operation stable state will continue even after Δt.
[0117]
In FIG. 13, as the graphic feature information obtained by the method of the present invention, the value of the center of gravity GA (t) of the graphic A obtained by image processing and its temporal gradient dGA (t) are taken as an example. Although it was shown that prediction is possible, in addition to the center of gravity position, combining the above-mentioned graphic feature information obtained by image processing, the method of evaluating the temporal change rate, and some graphic feature information It is also effective to use an evaluation method, and a method of combining vector feature information such as the sum of vectors or vector components in the target graphic area, maximum value or minimum value, average value, variance, and the like.
[0118]
(11. Recording part)
In the recording unit 11, the calculation result in the graphic and vector feature information transition calculation unit 9 is recorded as a file in a text format or the like and is made into a database. It is also possible to record the calculation result as a moving image file in the AVI format or the like when recording the transition of the figure, the figure feature information, and the vector feature information. At this time, it is also possible to efficiently record and create a database by removing redundant moving image information using various data compression methods as necessary in implementing the blast furnace operation monitoring method in the present invention. is there. In the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to limit the data compression method.
[0119]
And it is also possible to input the information recorded by the recording unit 11 into a file, for example, and evaluate the operating state of the blast furnace offline. In addition, in the present invention, there is no need to limit the transmission form and transmission method of the calculation result to the recording unit 11, for example, the graphic and vector feature information transition calculation unit 9 converts the calculation result into a digital signal, The digital signal may be transmitted to the recording unit 11 for recording, and further, the digital signal may be compressed by various data compression techniques to reduce the amount of transmission data and transmitted to the recording unit 11 for recording. Further, for example, the digital signal may be transmitted to the recording unit 11 installed at a remote location away from the blast furnace equipment via an information transmission network such as LAN, Ethernet (R), wireless LAN, and the Internet. You can record it.
[0120]
(12. Output unit)
Further, in the output unit 12, the graphic and graphic feature information, the transition of the vector characteristic information, the operation monitoring result, and the operation prediction result, for example, the contents illustrated in FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. The screen is output by a monitor or the like.
[0121]
In this case, it is not necessary to limit the transmission form and transmission method of the graphic and the graphic feature information, the transition of the vector characteristic information, the operation monitoring result, and the operation prediction result to the output unit 12, for example, the graphic and vector characteristic information. The transition calculation unit 9 may convert the calculation result into a digital signal, transmit the digital signal to the output unit 12 and output the digital signal, and further transmit the digital data by compressing the digital signal by various data compression methods. The amount may be reduced and transmitted to the output unit 12, and after transmission, the compressed transmission data may be restored to the digital signal before compression at the output unit 12 and output, for example, LAN, Ethernet (R) The digital signal is transmitted to the output unit 12 installed at a remote location away from the blast furnace equipment via an information transmission network such as a wireless LAN and the Internet. It is also possible to output to. At that time, in the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to limit the data compression method.
[0122]
In the present embodiment, the method of the present invention has been described using the stave temperature data and the shaft pressure data as an example. However, the method of the present invention need not be limited to the stave temperature data and the shaft pressure data. Needless to say, it is also effective for data and methods that combine them.
[0123]
The data processing device 4 according to the embodiment described above is constituted by a CPU or MPU of a computer, a RAM, a ROM, etc., and can be realized by operating a program recorded in the RAM or ROM. Therefore, it can be realized by recording a program that causes a computer to perform the above functions on a storage medium and causing the computer to read the program. As the storage medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, magneto-optical tape, nonvolatile memory card, or the like can be used.
[0124]
In addition, the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized by executing a program supplied by a computer, and the program code is shared with an OS (operating system) or other application software running on the computer. Needless to say, such program code is included in the embodiment of the present invention even when the functions of the above-described embodiment are realized.
[0125]
【The invention's effect】
The method of the present invention described in detail as described above is configured by a two-dimensional plane or two-dimensional plane in which measurement data of a measurement target amount from a plurality of sensors installed in a blast furnace is reflected on the installation position of each sensor. It is arranged on the surface of a three-dimensional solid, and the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data can be expressed as a graphic formed by these or characteristic information of the graphic, and these can be evaluated. On the surface of a three-dimensional solid composed of a three-dimensional plane, a norm and a declination of a pressure spatial change rate vector, a temporal gradient of temperature are calculated, and a contour graphic region formed by an isoline of the calculation result; By sequentially estimating and visualizing the cohesive zone root equivalent position using the graphic feature information, it becomes possible to accurately monitor the operation state of the blast furnace and predict the operation abnormality.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an operation monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a figure formed by searching for an isoline from gradients of measurement data of a plurality of sensors distributed at spatially unequal positions and formed by an isoline.
FIG. 3 shows an example of a method for searching for isolines from measurement data of a plurality of sensors distributed at spatially non-uniform positions in an isoline calculation unit; It is a figure explaining the "isoline search method using an element".
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for calculating a spatial gradient from temperature data.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for calculating a spatial gradient from pressure data.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between pressure and a spatial gradient vector of pressure.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method for calculating a temporal gradient from temperature data.
FIG. 8 is a view showing a fusion zone root near a furnace wall.
FIG. 9 is a diagram in which the upper position and the lower position of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall are estimated and visualized using a contour figure region formed by isolines of the spatial gradient vector norm of pressure.
FIG. 10 is a diagram in which the upper position and the lower position of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall are estimated and visualized using a contour graphic region formed by isolines of the spatial gradient vector declination of pressure. .
FIG. 11 is a diagram in which the lower position of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone in the vicinity of the furnace wall is estimated and visualized using the contour graphic region formed by the isoline of the temporal gradient of temperature.
FIG. 12 shows an upper end position and a lower end position corresponding to the cohesive zone root portion near the furnace wall using a combination of contour graphic regions formed by isolines of the spatial gradient vector norm, declination, and temperature temporal gradient of pressure. It is the figure which estimated the position and visualized it.
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an operation prediction method using temporal transition of feature information of a contour graphic region in an operation prediction unit.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Blast furnace equipment
2 Various sensors on blast furnace equipment
3 Data collection device
4 Data processing device
5 Isoline calculation part
6 Gradient calculator
7 Graphic and vector feature information calculator
8 Operation monitoring department
9 Graphic and vector feature information transition calculator
10 Operation Prediction Department
11 Recording section
12 Output section

Claims (16)

The measurement data of the measurement target amount output from a plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace facility is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor or a three-dimensional solid surface constituted by a two-dimensional plane. It is a method to monitor the operating state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data,
A plurality of coordinate axes representing an arbitrary point on the predetermined plane are set in advance, and pressure data as measurement data to be measured from each of the sensors is sampled at a preset sampling period Δt, and the sensor It is collected in association with installation position information, and a spatial gradient in the direction of each coordinate axis of pressure is calculated based on the pressure data at an arbitrary point on a predetermined plane, and a spatial pressure of which has the spatial gradient as a component A gradient vector is defined, a norm of the spatial gradient vector of the pressure or a declination when the furnace height direction is a reference axis is calculated, and a predetermined surface is calculated based on the norm or declination of the spatial gradient vector. By calculating an isoline with the same norm or declination of the pressure spatial gradient vector above, a contour figure region formed by the isoline is obtained, and by comparing the magnitude with a set value specified in advance. Operation monitoring method in blast furnace operation, characterized in that estimating the contour diagram area selected as cohesive zone root corresponding position based on the pressure data. The measurement data of the measurement target amount output from a plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace facility is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor or a three-dimensional solid surface constituted by a two-dimensional plane. It is a method to monitor the operating state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data,
A plurality of coordinate axes expressing an arbitrary point on the predetermined plane are set in advance, and temperature data is measured from each of the sensors as measurement data to be measured at a preset sampling cycle Δt, and the sensor Based on the temperature data at an arbitrary point on a predetermined surface, collected in association with the installation position information, from the temperature data at the current time and the temperature data at the same point before a certain time arbitrarily specified from the current time A contour graphic region in which an isoline is formed is calculated by calculating a temporal gradient of temperature at the point, and calculating an isoline having the same temporal gradient of temperature on a predetermined plane based on the temporal gradient. In the blast furnace operation, the contour figure region to be selected is estimated as the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root based on the temperature data. Operation monitoring method.   A cohesive zone root position information based on pressure data estimated by the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation according to claim 1 and a cohesion zone based on temperature data estimated by the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation according to claim 2. An operation monitoring method in blast furnace operation, characterized in that the root equivalent position information is estimated together with root equivalent position information.   The operation monitoring method in blast furnace operation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the estimated position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone is visualized as a graphic on the predetermined surface. Operation monitoring method.   In the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the estimated cohesive zone root equivalent position information corresponds to a temporal transition of pressure data or temperature data as the measurement data. The operation monitoring method in blast furnace operation is characterized in that the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root on the predetermined surface is successively estimated.   In the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation according to claim 5, in the blast furnace operation, the position information corresponding to the fusion zone root that is sequentially estimated is sequentially visualized as a graphic that is sequentially updated on the predetermined surface. Operation monitoring method. The measurement data of the amount to be measured output from a plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor or a three-dimensional surface composed of a two-dimensional plane, An operation monitoring device that is arranged on a predetermined plane having the coordinate axis of and monitors the operation state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data,
Data collection means for sampling measurement data including pressure data output from each of the plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment at a preset sampling cycle Δt and collecting the data in association with the installation position information of the sensors When,
An isoline calculation unit that arranges the collected measurement data on the predetermined surface based on the installation position information, and spatially interpolates the measurement data to calculate an arbitrary isoline with the same value;
A gradient calculating means for calculating a spatial gradient in the direction of each coordinate axis of pressure at an arbitrary point on a predetermined plane from the isoline;
A pressure spatial gradient vector having a spatial gradient in each coordinate axis direction of the pressure calculated by the gradient calculating means as a component, or calculating a declination angle with respect to the furnace height direction as a reference axis. Calculate contour lines on a given surface based on the norm or declination of the target gradient vector, and the number of contour lines for contour figures that are formed by contour lines with a value larger or smaller than a preset value. , Position, area, center of gravity, aspect ratio of figure, maximum or minimum value in figure, average value, and characteristic information of graphic of dispersion, or vector characteristic information of spatial gradient vector of pressure , that is, vector or the sum of the vector components, the maximum value, minimum value, average value, and to calculate either the vector feature information of the dispersion, graphics and vectors to estimate based on the pressure data cohesive zone root corresponding position Operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation, characterized in that a symptom information calculation means. The measurement data of the amount to be measured output from a plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment is a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor or a three-dimensional surface composed of a two-dimensional plane, An operation monitoring device that is arranged on a predetermined plane having the coordinate axis of and monitors the operation state of the blast furnace based on the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data,
Data collection means for sampling measurement data including temperature data output from each of the plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment at a preset sampling cycle Δt and collecting the data in association with the installation position information of the sensors When,
An isoline calculation unit that arranges the collected measurement data on the predetermined surface based on the installation position information, and spatially interpolates the measurement data to calculate an arbitrary isoline with the same value;
A temporal gradient calculating means for calculating a temporal gradient in each coordinate axis direction of the temperature at an arbitrary point on the predetermined surface from the isoline;
A contour in which an isoline on a predetermined surface is calculated based on the temporal gradient of the temperature calculated by the temporal gradient calculating means, and an isoline having a value larger or smaller than a preset setting value is formed. to graphic region, and the number, location, area, center of gravity, the aspect ratio of the graphics, the maximum value or minimum value within a geometry, calculates average values, and the characteristic information of any shapes dispersion, temperature data An operation monitoring apparatus in blast furnace operation, comprising: a figure for estimating a position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone based on the above and a vector feature information calculating means. In the operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation according to claim 7,
Data collection means for sampling measurement data including temperature data output from each of the plurality of sensors installed on the blast furnace equipment at a preset sampling cycle Δt and collecting the data in association with the installation position information of the sensors When,
An isoline calculation unit that arranges the collected measurement data on the predetermined surface based on the installation position information, and spatially interpolates the measurement data to calculate an arbitrary isoline with the same value;
A temporal gradient calculating means for calculating a temporal gradient in each coordinate axis direction of the temperature at an arbitrary point on the predetermined surface from the isoline;
A contour figure in which an isoline on a predetermined surface is calculated based on the temporal gradient of temperature calculated by the temporal gradient calculating means, and an isoline having a value larger or smaller than a preset value is formed. region to, and the number, location, area, center of gravity, the aspect ratio of the graphics, the maximum value or minimum value within a geometry, average value, and calculates the characteristic information of any shapes dispersed, the temperature data A figure and vector feature information calculation means for estimating a root cohesive zone equivalent position,
In operation of a blast furnace characterized in that means for estimating a cohesive zone root equivalent position using both the cohesive zone root equivalent position based on the pressure data and the cohesive zone root equivalent position based on the temperature data is provided. Operation monitoring device.   The operation monitoring means for visualizing the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root estimated by the graphic and vector feature information calculating means as a graphic on the predetermined surface is provided. Operation monitoring device for blast furnace operation as described. It is the operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation of any one of Claims 7-9,
An operation monitoring apparatus in blast furnace operation, having a function of updating the estimated position corresponding to the cohesive zone root in accordance with a temporal transition of each measurement data and sequentially estimating the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root. In the operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation according to claim 11,
An operation monitoring apparatus in blast furnace operation characterized by sequentially visualizing information on the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root portion that is sequentially estimated as a graphic that is sequentially updated on the predetermined surface.   The isoline calculation means selects a quadrilateral element whose one of the inner angles does not exceed 180 degrees for the data arranged in an unequal positional relationship on the two-dimensional plane, and has four vertices at the intersection of the diagonal lines. The blast furnace according to any one of claims 7 to 12, which has a function of setting an average value of data and searching for and drawing an isoline using a triangular element having the intersection as a vertex. Operation monitoring device in operation.   The computer program for making a computer perform each processing procedure of the operation monitoring method in the blast furnace operation of any one of Claims 1-6.   The computer program for functioning a computer as each means of the operation monitoring apparatus in the blast furnace operation of any one of Claims 7-13.   A computer-readable storage medium storing the computer program according to claim 14 or 15.

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